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Syll-Sample-JRF(Math)-MTB-2015

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3 views

Syll-Sample-JRF(Math)-MTB-2015

Uploaded by

madhavnagpal2078
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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JRF IN MATHEMATICS 2015

Syllabus and Sample Questions for MTB

Topics for MTB (Afternoon examination): Lebesgue Integration, Functional


Analysis, Abstract Algebra, Elementary Number Theory and Combinatorics.

OUTLINE OF THE SYLLABUS

1. Lebesgue integration: Lebesgue measure on the line, measurable functions,


Lebesgue integral, convergence almost everywhere, Fatou’s lemma, monotone con-
vergence theorem, dominated convergence theorem.

2. Functional analysis: Normed linear spaces, Banach spaces, Hilbert spaces,


compact operators, knowledge of some standard examples like C[0, 1], Lp [0, 1], con-
tinuous linear maps (bounded linear operators), Hahn-Banach theorem, open map-
ping theorem, closed graph theorem and the uniform boundedness principle.

3. Abstract algebra: Groups, homomorphisms, normal subgroups and quotients,


isomorphism theorems, finite groups, symmetric and alternating groups, direct
product, structure of finite abelian groups, Sylow theorems. Rings and ideals, quo-
tients, homomorphism and isomorphism theorems, maximal ideals, prime ideals,
integral domains, field of fractions, Euclidean rings, principal ideal domains, unique
factorization domains, polynomial rings. Fields, characteristic of a field, algebraic
extensions, roots of polynomials, separable and normal extensions, finite fields.

4. Elementary number theory and combinatorics: Divisibility, congruences,


standard arithmetic functions, permutations and combinations.

1
2

SAMPLE QUESTIONS

Lebesgue Integration

(1) Let f1 , f2 , f3 , . . . and f be non-negative Lebesgue integrable functions on R


such that
Zy Zy
lim fn (x)dx = f (x)dx,
n→∞
−∞ −∞
R R
for each y ∈ R ∪ {∞}. Show that lim inf fn (x)dx ≥ f (x)dx for any open
n→∞
U U
subset U of R.
(2) Let f be a uniformly continuous real valued function on the real line R.
Assume that f is integrable with respect to the Lebesgue measure on R.
Show that f (x) → 0 as |x| → ∞.
R∞
(3) Let f : R −→ [0, ∞) be a measurable function. If −∞ f (x)dx = 1 then
R∞
prove that −∞ 1+f1(x) dx = ∞.
(Hint: First show that m{x ∈ R | f (x) < 1} = ∞ where m is the Lebesgue
measure.)
(4) Let f : [−1, 1] → R be a continuous function. Let λ be the Lebesgue measure
R
on [−1, 1]. Suppose | A f dλ| ≤ λ(A) for all measurable sets A ⊆ [−1, 1].
Prove that the range of f is contained in [−1, 1].
(5) Define f : R → R by
(
√1 if 0 < x < 1,
x
f (x) =
0 otherwise.
Let {rn }∞
n=1 be an enumeration of all the rational numbers. Define g : R →
R by
∞
X 1
g(x) = n
f (x − rn ).
n=1
2
Prove that f and g are integrable on R.

Functional analysis

(6) Let y1 , y2 , . . . be a sequence in a Hilbert space. Let Vn be the linear span


of {y1 , y2 , . . . , yn }. Assume that for n ≥ 1, kyn+1 k ≤ ky − yn+1 k for each
y ∈ Vn . Show that hyi , yj i = 0 for i 6= j.
(7) Let E and F be real or complex normed linear spaces. Let Tn : E → F be
a sequence of continuous linear transformations such that supn kTn k < ∞.
Let
M = {x ∈ E : {Tn (x)}is a Cauchy sequence}.
Show that M is a closed set.
3

(8) Suppose that X is a normed linear space over R and f : X −→ R is a linear


functional. Show that the kernel of f is either closed or dense.
(9) Let X be an infinite dimensional Banach space. Prove that every basis of
X is uncountable.
(10) Let X and Y be complex, normed linear spaces which are not necessarily
complete. Let T : X → Y be a linear map such that {T xn } is a Cauchy
sequence in Y whenever {xn } is a Cauchy sequence in X. Show that T is
continuous.
(11) Let H be a Hilbert space and S ⊆ H be a finite subset. Show that (S ⊥ )⊥
is a finite dimensional vector space.

Abstract algebra

(12) Let Sn denote the group of permutations of {1, 2, 3, . . . , n} and let k be an


integer between 1 and n. Find the number of elements x in Sn such that
the cycle containing 1 in the cycle decomposition of x has length k.
(13) Let C be the field of complex numbers and ϕ : C[X, Y, Z] → C[t] be the
ring homomorphism such that

ϕ(a) = a for all a in C,


ϕ(X) = t,
ϕ(Y ) = t2 , and
ϕ(Z) = t3 .

Determine the kernel of ϕ.


√ √
(14) Show that there is no field isomorphism between Q( 2) and Q( 3). Are
they isomorphic as vector spaces over Q?
(15) Let K be a subfield of C not contained in R. Show that K is dense in C.
(16) Determine the additive group of the field of four elements.
(17) Let Z[X] denote the ring of polynomials in X with integer coefficients. Find
an ideal I in Z[X] such that Z[X]/I is a field of order 4.

Elementary number theory and combinatorics

(p−1)!
(18) Let p be a prime and r an integer, 0 < r < p. Show that r!(p−r)! is an
integer.
(19) If a and b are integers such that 9 divides a2 + ab + b2 then show that 3
divides both a and b.
4

(20) Let c be a number with 3n digits. If all the digits are the same, then show
that 3n divides c.
(21) Prove that x4 − 10x2 + 1 is reducible modulo p for every prime p.
(22) Does there exist an integer x satisfying the following congruences?
10x = 1(mod 21)
5x = 2(mod 6)
4x = 1(mod 7)
Justify your answer.

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