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07_Study_Guide-Lewis_Structure_and_Formal_Charges

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Name: ___________________________________ CHEM 131

Lewis Structures and Formal Charges - Study Guide


sections 7.3 and 7.4 in OpenStax

Lewis Structures of Atoms (sections 7.3)

Fill in the following chart with the Lewis symbol of each element. Carbon is done for you.

Group IA IIA IIIA IVA VA VIA VIIA VIIIA


Element Li Be B C N O F Ne
# of
valence 4
electrons
.
.C.
Lewis Dot
.
Structure

Drawing Lewis structures for Molecules and Polyatomic Ions (section 7.3)

Rules:

1. Find the sum of valence electrons of ALL atoms in the polyatomic ion or molecule.
a. If it is an anion, add one electron for each negative charge
b. If it is a cation, subtract one electron for each positive charge.

2. Choose a central atom. The central atom is the LEAST electronegative element that isn’t hydrogen.
Connect the outer atoms to the central atom using single bonds.

3. Fill the octets of the outer atoms. Almost all atoms want to have 8 valence electrons (there are
exceptions). Hydrogen wants to have 2 valence electrons.

4. Fill the octet of the central atom. Atoms in the second period CANNOT have more than 8 valence
electrons. However, atoms past the second period CAN have more than 8 valence electrons. These
atoms are said to have an expanded octet.

5. Add double or triple bonds if necessary.

6. Make sure you use ALL of the valence electrons (not more, not less)
How many valence electrons (total) are present in each of the following substances?

a) SCl2 b) HCN c) SO42-

Watch video tutorial on Drawing Lewis Dot Structures for Molecules

Formal Charges (section 7.4)

The formal charge on an atom = number of ________________ electrons –

[number of ___________ electrons + ½ number of _________ electrons]

Watch video tutorial on Assigning Formal Charges

Give some reasons why knowing the formal charges on the atoms in a structure is useful.

Calculate the formal charge on each atom for CO.

End of Chapter 7 Practice Problems

#23, 29a-h, 51

For detailed solutions to these problems, go to the OpenStax website and download the “Student Answer and
Solution Guide.”

“Lewis Structures and Formal Charges - Study Guide" by Montgomery College is licensed under CC BY 4.0

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