TYPES OF MEDIA

What is Media - This process is the one

- Media is simply described as responsible for organizing and
the channels or ways in which presenting information
we transmit or communicate creatively for a particular
messages. purpose.
- Ex: Pictures, Infographics,
TYPES OF MEDIA Cartooning
1. Print Media – It is described as
simply a kind of media or a 2. Broadcast Media – is the kind
category of media that is of media that reaches target
consisting of paper and ink. audiences using airwaves as
the transmission medium.
- Text Media – is simply - Ex: Radio, recorder, TV
described or defined as a very
simple and flexible format for - Audio Media – described as a
conveying ideas, whether it’s kind of broadcast media that
handwritten or printed. uses audio or voice recording as
a medium in the delivery of
Key Feature of TEXT MEDIA information to appeal to the
- Typography – This term refers auditory sense.
to the art and technique of
arranging the visual - Multi Media – is more
component of the written concerned with computer-
word. controlled integration of
- It also features textual designs different media types where
with optical illusions that every information can be
helps improve the readability, stored, communicated, and
of the text and also aids in handled digitally.
conveying the meaning of the
printed text media. 3. New Media – This is the term
- Ex: Books, newspaper etc. that we use to integrate the
different technologies emerging
- Visual Media – is described as on one digital platform to
pictures, photos, images, and organize and distribute content.
graphics that are used to - New media entail the use of
channel communication using different technologies,
the sense of sight. particularly computers, the
internet, and so on and so forth,
Key Feature of VISUAL MEDIA in order to communicate
- Graphic Design – It is a term messages to listeners or to
that we use to refer to the viewers or to media consumers.
process of visual - Ex: Social media, website,
communication, communicating email
via vision or via the sense of
sight.
4. Media Convergence – the primary and secondary source
merging of different equipment materials.
and tools for producing and
distributing news or Where can we even find media and
information through information sources?
digitization and computer - Indigenous
networking. - Library
- Internet
- Media convergence only occurs
when communication, 1. Indigenous
content, and computing - native or local
merges into one. Indigenous knowledge
- Ex: Facebook, Vice Ganda, - incorporates all aspects of life
Laptop –
spirituality, history, cultural
practices, social interactions,
MEDIA AND INFORMATION language, and healing
SOURCES Indigenous communication
- Transmission of information
- Information – described as through local channels
processed data and or - It is a means by which the
knowledge derived from study, culture is preserved or handed
experience, instruction, signals, down and adapted.
or symbols. This could be ideas, - According to Wilson et al. in
thoughts, feelings, emotions, or 2015, indigenous media is a
even learnings that we want to form of media that is
communicate or we have been conceptualized, produced, and
communicated with circulated by indigenous people
as vehicles for communication,
THREE MAIN CATEGORIES specifically for cultural
- Primary sources – describes preservation, cultural and
as an original, artistic expression, political self-
uninterpreted, or first-hand determination, and cultural
material created by a person sovereignty.
or persons involved in a - Ex: Folk tales, folk songs, and
particular activity or an event. folk dances

- Secondary sources – 2. Library – served as a very

information obtained through good repository for media and
the analysis, interpretation, information, which makes it a
and evaluation of primary very good source of media and
source materials. information as well.

- Tertiary sources – involve Four Types of Library:

information that collects, 1. Academic – universities
organizes, and summarizes
 2. School – high school and
elementary Things to consider in
3. Public – Managed by the evaluating information
municipality or LGU Reliability
4. Special – for a specific - can be verified or evaluated
purpose Accuracy
- closeness to the report
3. Internet – Shelley and Value
Campbell, in 2012, defined the - It helps you in making right
internet as the global network decisions
of computers that allows Authority
computer users around the - Is the author credible? Who
world to share information for a published the information?
variety of purposes. Timeliness
- Most important factor to
Evaluation coming from the consider
Internet - Is it up to date?
A – authorship
P – publishing body
A – accuracy and verifiability MEDIA LANGUAGES
C – currency
Language – According to
FACTS VS TRUTH Finechioro, cited in Zhang in 2010,
Fact Truth language is a system of arbitrary
Based on Include Facts, vocal symbols that permit all
empirical but it can also people in a given culture or other
research and include people who have learned the
Quantifiable personal beliefs system of that culture to
measure or philosophical communicate or to interact.
ideas
Has been Described truth
produce as a fact that Media Language – Pertains to the
because of you believe technical and symbolic ingredients
research applies to or codes and conventions that
situation media and information
Definitely professionals may select and use in
occurred in the Kind of a norm, an effort to communicate ideas,
past. There are something that information, and knowledge.
witnesses to it, has been - Is described as the codes,
or it has been accepted conventions, formats, symbols,
backed up by widely by many and narrative structures that
science people indicate the meaning of media
Facts and messages to an audience.
Facts are
personal - Also denotes how media
malleable by
reasons equal a producers make meaning about
context
basic truth a certain medium they are
 producing and how they transfer face while also enabling them
meaning to their target to see their physicality, body,
audience. language, and actions.
- Also have the notative meaning c. Medium shot – buffer shot
for dialogue scenes that have
Different aspects of media an important moment later
language that will be shown in a close-
1. Media Codes – the tools that up shot.
are used to construct or suggest d. Close up shot – to reveal a
meaning in media forms and subject’s emotions and
products that have a commonly reactions.
established meaning to the e. Extreme close up shot –
target audience. often shows eyes, mouth and
gun triggers. Character’s
Types of Media Codes intimate space, revealing
1. Technical Codes – refer to media certain characteristics and
codes that are specific to a emotions.
particular format or form alone.  Camera Lighting
 Camera Sounds
 Camera Angles – the camera’s
location 2. Symbolic codes – the meaning
a. High-angle Shot – camera of the product is not based on
is up higher than the subject the product itself, but rather on
and looking down, implies the interpretation of the
challenge. audience.
b. Low-angle shot – camera is - Includes the language, dress
placed lower than the or actions of the characters,
subject/s with the lens angled iconic symbols that are easily
upwards. Subject/s appear understand.
stronger and more in control. - Color Psychology
c. Birds Eye View – A view
from above, an elevated 3. Written Codes – formal written
prospect, an aerial language used in creating a
perspective. media product.
d. Eye Level Angle – - Some examples of written
represents the normal human codes in media include text
viewpoint. in frame.
- Dialogue is also a very
 Camera Shots – focus to the important written code
subject because all movies, all
a. Extreme long shot or television shows, even news
Extreme wide shot – to reports actually start from
emphasize the location or written dialogues or written
isolation. scripts.
b. Full Shot – to see the
emotion on the character’s
CONVENTIONS
- Media Conventions –
methods in which codes are INFORMATION LITERACY
organized in a product based, of - Information – the data that
course, on a standard or a norm has been collected, processed,
that acts as a rule-governing and interpreted in order to be
behavior. presented in a usable form.
- Literacy – understanding of a
TYPES OF MEDIA CONVENTIONS specific subject.
1. Form Convention – ways in - Information Literacy – means
which the types of media codes to express personal ideas,
are expected to be arranged. develop arguments, refute the
- How are they presented? opinions of others, learn new
How do they flow from one things, or simply identify the
media code to another? truth or factual evidence of a
- Ex: Convention in Marvel topic.
movies: Post credit scenes Importance of being an
2. Story convention – It simply information literate individual
refers to the basic structures of - Use the data to achieve a
the narrative. particular objective.
- How is the story being told? - To access information
How is the story being ethically
relayed to the audience? - To use the information
3. Genre Convention – common lawfully
use of the elements of - Can collect the data into
narratives such as characters, one's learning base
settings, or themes, in a certain - To make the information
type of media. useful and efficient
- To assess the data and
How does the culture affect sources
these codes and conventions? SKILLS OF INFORMATION
- It is imperative that we LITERATE INDIVIDUAL
understand that culture always - To be able to find resources
determines the meaning a sign - To be able to find information
or code communicates. - Ethical and responsible use of
information
- To communicate one's
information
- To be able to manage your
information
- To be able to examine results

HOW WILL YOU EXAMINE

RESULTS
 - Check if the information is b. Plagiarism – imitation without
appropriate to the question authorization
or task given
- Check if the information is Types of Plagiarism
appropriate - Sources not cited
- Verify the authenticity and 1. The Ghost writer – turns
the source author’s work word for word as
- Consistency of information his own.
given 2. The Photocopy – writer copies
- Rate of having errors in the significant portions without
result alteration.
3. The Potluck paper – copies
FIVE COMPONENTS OF several sources, one whole
INFORMATION LITERACY article.
1. Identify – identifying the 4. The Poor Disguise – changing
nature and extent of the keywords
needed information. 5. The Labor of Laziness –
2. Find – finding information Paraphrase and fit different
effectively and efficiently. sources.
3. Evaluate – the ability to 6. The Self-stealer – plagiarize
evaluate information and its own work.
sources critically.
4. Apply – the ability to apply - Sources cited (but still
information and its sources plagiarism)
critically. 1. Forgotten footnote – neglects
5. Acknowledge - it is the ability to include other elements
to acknowledge the sources of 2. Misinformer – inaccurate
used information. It also sources/ information
includes the understanding of 3. Too-perfect paraphrase –
ethical, legal, and societal forgets to use quotation marks
issues surrounding information. 4. Resourceful citer – do not
include his/her own idea
LEGAL ETHICAL AND SOCIETAL 5. Perfect crime – gathered cited
ISSUES IN MEDIA AND and not cited information
INFORMATION
c. Fair use – using copyrighted
- Intellectual property – work without license only for
products of the mind. certain purposes.
- Ex: Literary and artistic work.
1. Commentary
Types of Intellectual Property 2. Criticism
a. Copyright – gives the author/ 3. Reporting
creator the sole right to publish 4. Research
and sell his/her work. 5. Teaching
- Violation of this IP results to
copyright infringement Guidelines for Fair Use
 - Add your own content
- Give credit
- Do not sell/ make money

d. Netiquette – how do you

behave in the virtual world.

1. We are all humans

2. Respect – say please or thank
you
3. Words – no foul language
4. Attire
5. Criticism – golden rule
6. Professionalism – addressing
professionally
7. Privacy & Copyright
8. Records
9. Bullying
10. Sarcasm
11. Capitals – symbolizes
shouting
12. Focus on Quality – Socratic/
filter test
e. Digital Divide – equalizer in
society: Death, law, air, rights

1. Digital natives and Digital

immigrants – those who were
born during the digital era and
those who were born before the
spread of digital (age gap).
2. Digital rich and Digital poor
– Money and Power
3. Digital skilled and unskilled
– capabilities of a person

f. Internet Addiction – less

conscious in time, failing to
complete tasks, neglecting time
to with family, neglecting the
real-world.

g. Cyberbullying – boomerang
effect, think before you post

h. Cybercrimes