Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Caraga Administrative
Region Division of Butuan
City

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Track: Strand/Specialization:
Teacher: Date:

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET ON CITING RELATED LITERATURE USING STANDARD STYLE

Learning Competency (MELC): Cites related literature using standard style. CS_RS11-
IIIf-j-2

Key Concept

In reviewing related literature, you come up with ideas borrowed from someone
else; therefore, it is but polite, honesty, and courtesy to learn to acknowledge other
people’s intellectual rights and to avoid plagiarism. The following are three terms to
express recognition of author’s ownership of borrowed ideas (Sharp, 2012).
1. Acknowledgment. It identifies individuals who have contributed to the making of
the manuscript, written at the start of the paper. It is the beginning portion of
the work that identifies individuals who have contributed something for the
production of the paper.
Guidelines:
1.Write the names of people who in any way were concerned with your
writing task.
2. Now you need to narrow down the list to those names who played a
major role in your assistance and finalize them.
3. Compose a short essay and use phrases that describe “How to thank?”
4. Try to limit acknowledgement within on page.

2. References or Bibliography. A whole list of literary materials including all books,

journal, theses, and dissertations along with other sources mentioned above.
References are arranged alphabetically in some papers or in order of sequence
as it comes out in the paper. This holds the summary of the information of all of
your sources. Information needed in making the referencing list involves the
following:
a. Author’s name
b. Date of the publication of the source.
c. Page number where you found the information.
d. Publisher
e. Place of Publishing
f. Volume
g. Edition
h. Other relevant information –date of access
APA FORMAT in References or Bibliography
1. BOOKS
Author’s last name, first initial . (Publication date). Book title. City of publication:
Publishing company.
Example:
Allen , T. (1974). Vanishing Wildlife of North America . Washington , D . C. :
National Geographic Society .

2. ENCYCLOPEDIA & DICTIONARY

Author’s last name, first initial. (Date). Title of Article. Title of Encyclopedia
(Volume, pages). City of publication: Publishing company.
Example:
Bergmann, P. G. (1993). Relativity. In The New Encyclopedia Britannica (Vol. 26,
pp. 501- 508). Chicago: Encyclopedia Britannica Company.

3. MAGAZINE & NEWS PAPER ARTICLES

Author’s last name, first initial. (Publication date). Article title. Periodical title,
volume number, inclusive pages.
Example:
Harlow , H. F. (1983). Fundamentals for preparing psychology journal articles.
Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology , Vol. 55, 893- 896.

4. AN EBOOK
Author’s last name, first initial. (Publication date). Book title. Additional
information.
Retrieved from <insert
website> Example:
Millbower, L. (2003). Show biz training: Fun and effective business training techniques
from the worlds of stage, screen, and song. Retrieved from http://www.amacombooks.org/

5. JOURNALS
Author’s last name, first initial. (Publication date). Article title. Periodical title,
volume number, inclusive pages.
Example:
Carter, S., & Dunbar-Odom, D. (2009). The converging literacies center: An
integrated model for writing programs. Kairos: A Journal of Rhetoric, Technology, and
Pedagogy, 14(1), 38- 48.
6. WEBSITES
(With an author)
Author, A. (Year, Month Date of Publication). Article title. Retrieved from
URL Example:
Simmons, B. (2015, January 9). The tale of two Flaccos. Retrieved from
http://grantland.com/the-triangle/the-tale-of-two-flaccos/
(Without an author)
Article title. (Year, Month Date of Publication). Retrieved
from URL Example:
Teen posed as doctor at West Palm Beach hospital: police. (2015, January 16).
Retrieved from http://www.nbcmiami.com/news/local/Teen-Posed-as-Doctor-at-
West-Palm-Beach- Hospital-Police-288810831.html
3. Citation, or In-text-citation. Referring author within the main body of the text.
Citations can be done by paraphrasing, summarizing, or through quotations. It
can be written in the beginning of a text, between the text, or at the last part of
the paragraph. There are three basic methods of referencing the author referred
in your paper. These are the APA (American Psychological Association), MLA
(Modern Language Association), and the Chicago Manual Style. However, the two
most commonly used styles of referencing are the APA and MLA. Moreover,
between the two, APA is the most frequently used within the social sciences in
citing various sources.

Purpose of Citation
 To give importance and respect to other people for what they know about the
field
 To give authority, validity, and credibility to other people’s claims,
conclusion and arguments
 To prove your broad and extensive reading of authentic and relevant
materials about your topic
 To help readers find or contact the sources of ideas easily
 To permit readers to check the accuracy of your work
 To save yourself from plagiarism

STYLES OF CITATION
1. Integral Citation
Referring to the authors whose ideas appear in your work by using
active verbs like claims, assert, state, etc. to report the authors ideas. Using
these types of verbs somehow expresses the author’s mental position, stand,
or opinion in relation to the information referred to. This is the reason integral
citation is often used in social sciences or any subjects belonging to the soft
sciences.

A Work by a Single Author

Sanchez (2015) found out building food systems that are more sustainable,
resilient and responsive …

A Work by Two Authors

Name both authors in the signal phrase or in parentheses each time you cite the
work. Use the word "and" between the authors' names within the text and use the
ampersand in parentheses.
Example:
Research by Wegener and Petty (1994) supports...
(Wegener & Petty, 1994)
A Work by Three to Five Authors
List all the authors in the signal phrase or in parentheses the first time you cite the
source. Use the word "and" between the authors' names within the text and use
the ampersand in parentheses.

Example: (Kernis, Cornell, Sun, Berry, & Harlow, 1993)

In subsequent citations, only use the first author's last name followed by "et al." in the
signal phrase or in parentheses.
Example: (Kernis et al., 1993)
Six or More Authors

Use the first author's name followed by et al. in the signal phrase or in parentheses.
 Example: Harris et al. (2001) argued... or.....(Harris et al., 2001).

APA (In-text citations contain MLA (In-text citations contain author’s

author’s name and year of name and page numbers)
the publication)
(Commas are not used in in-
(Commas are used in in- text citations)
text citations)
Examples:
One study by (Manalo 70)
Examples:
One study by Manalo The latest work by (Lee
(2015) reveals…
The latest work by (Lee, 2015) 123) According to (Abad
asserts…
According to Abad et al. (2015) et al.: 54)
context is…

Two or More Works by the Same Author

Use the author's name for all entries and list the entries by the year (earliest
comes first). Example:
Berndt, T. J. (1981).
Berndt, T. J. (1999).

When an author appears both as a sole author and, in another citation, as the first author of
a group, list the one-author entries first.
Example:
Berndt, T. J. (1999). Friends' influence on students' adjustment to school.
Educational Psychologist, 34, 15-28.
Berndt, T. J., & Keefe, K. (1995). Friends' influence on adolescents'
adjustment
to school. Child
Development, 66, 1312-1329.

2. Non-Integral Citation
In contrast to integral, this second citation style downplays any strength of the
writer’s personal characteristics. The stress is given to the piece of information
rather than to the owner of the ideas.

a. The code of ethics for intercultural competence give four ways by which people
from different cultural background can harmoniously relate themselves with one
another. (De La Cruz, 2015)
b. Knowledge is one component of not only Systematic Functional grammar but
Intercultural competence as well. It is the driving force beyond any successful
collaborative activities to develop interpersonal relationships and
communicative competence. (Smith 2015)

General Directions/ Instructions

Do not write anything on the Learning Activity Sheet.

1. Perform the exercises. Answers should be written on a separate sheet of
paper.
2. Write your reflection.
 Guide Questions
1. How to avoid plagiarism?
2. What are the styles of citation?
3. What is APA?
4. How to write APA-style references for each type of work?

Preliminary Activity

1. List down the information that can be found in a bibliography.

Assessment
Direction. Arrange the parts of the given references using APA format.

1. ENCYCLOPEDIA
Chicago: Encyclopedia Britannica.
B Bergmann , P. G.
Relativity . In The New Encyclopedia
Britannica (Vol. 26 , pp. 501-508).
(1993).

2. BOOK
1974
Thomas B. Allen
Uratex publising company
Colorado, United States
Vanishing Wildlife of North America

3. BOOK
The Wars in Ages
Ricardo Dalisay
2006
ABS-NBG house paper
Butuan City, Philippines

4. JOURNAL WITH TWO AUTHORS

Mood Management across affective states: The hedonic contingency
hypothesis 1994
Jourbal of Personality and Social Psychology,
66, 1034-1048
Doroty Andrea Wegener
REsu Edmarie Petty
REFLECTION

I learned from this topic that…

What I want to say about the lesson…
What I found out…