WOULD

Would is an auxiliary verb - a modal auxiliary verb. We use would mainly:

● talk about the past

● talk about the future in the past

● express the conditional mood

We also use would for other functions, such as:

● expressing desire, polite requests and questions, opinion or hope, wish and regret.

Structure of would

The basic structure for would is:

Subject + Auxiliary verb would + Main verb

Look at the basic structure again, with positive, negative and question sentences:

Subject Auxiliary would Main verb base Predicate

+ I would like tea
- She would not go
? Would you help?

- "Would you” - As a polite way to ask someone to do something and to make

requests.
Ex.- Would you close that window, please?

- “Would you like”- to make invitations or offers.

Ex.- Would you like a cup of coffee?

- "Would like" - It is a polite way to express a request.

Ex.- I would like to see the menu, please.

Instructions I: Complete the sentences in affirmative, negative or interrogative

with the modal verb would and choose one verb from the box.
 Open Like (2x) Go Know Be (2x)

1.- I’m thirsty. I _________________ a glass of water, please.

2. -________ you _________ the door, please?
3.- __________ you ______ with me? I don't want to go alone.
4.- _______ you________ the answer?
5.- (A) Can I help you? (B) Yes, I _________________ a ticket to Melbourne.
6.- That_____________ very nice.
7.- I_________________ pleased if you could go with me.

Instructions II: Transform the following sentences into questions using "would":

1. You like to go to the cinema. ___________________________________________

2. They help us with the project. __________________________________________

3. She eat sushi for dinner. _______________________________________________

4. He come to the party. _________________________________________________

5. You try a new hobby. __________________________________________________

Instructions III: Create sentences using "would" with the following words:

1. She / like / learn / dance __________________________________________

2. You / like / join / us / dinner/? _____________________________________

3. He / like / travel / next year _________________________________________

4. You / prefer / tea / coffee/? _________________________________________

Instructions IV: Write a dialogue in an imaginary restaurant using the modal verb
'would.' Also, create your own menu.

Waiter: MENU

Customer:

Waiter:

Customer:

Waiter:

Customer:
Waiter:

Customer:

Waiter:

Customer:

PRESENT CONTINUOUS/ PROGRESSIVE

The Present Continuous (also called the Present Progressive) is a verb tense used
to describe actions or events that are happening right now, are in progress, or are
temporary. It can also be used to talk about future plans or arrangements.

Structure

Affirmative Subject + verb to be (am/is/are) + verb+ing + predicate.

Ex.- I am studying English.
Negative Subject + verb to be (am/is/are) + not + verb+ing + predicate.
Ex.- She is not (isn't) sleeping.
Question Verb to be (am/is/are) + subject + verb+ing + predicate.
Ex.- Are they coming to the party?

Uses

1.- Actions happening now (at the moment of speaking):

She is reading a book right now.

We are watching TV.

2.- Temporary actions or situations:

I am staying with my friend for a few days.

He is working on a project this week.

3.- Future plans or arrangements:

They are traveling to Paris next month.

We are meeting him tomorrow.

 Instructions I: Find the mistake in each sentence and correct it using the
Present continuous tense.

Example. -

• . I’m have a party for my birthday. I am having a party for my birthday.

• a.- She does a science test tomorrow. _____________________________________

• b.- Are we visit Grandma tomorrow? _______________________________________

• c.- They’re not go to school next week. ______________________________________

• d.- My brother takes me to a football match on Saturday. _____________________

• e.- We’s having a picnic on Sunday. _________________________________________

• f.- I’m look after my friend’s cat at the weekend. _____________________________

• g.- What is you do tonight? _________________________________________________

Instructions II: Read and circle true or false for these sentences.

Next week is very busy for me! On Monday, we're going to the science museum with
school. On Tuesday, our grandparents are visiting us. On Wednesday, I'm playing
tennis. On Thursday, my sister Is taking me shopping. On Friday, I'm staying at home!

a) She's very busy next week. True False

b) On Monday, she's going to the art museum. True False
c) On Tuesday, her aunt and uncle are visiting. True False
d) On Thursday, her sister is taking her to the cinema. True False
e) On Friday, she's staying at home. True False

Instructions III: Put the words in the correct order to form meaningful sentences.
1. have / finished / I / my homework ____________________________________________
2. she / seen / has / the movie / already _________________________________________
3. hasn't / cleaned / the room / been ____________________________________________
4. we / finished / haven't / yet / the project _______________________________________
5. the book / read / wasn't / by him _______________________________________________
6. have / the documents / you / sent / yet? _______________________________________
7. been / ever / has / invited / he / to a wedding? __________________________________
8. finished / they / had / the work / before / the deadline? ___________________________
9. have / the rules / been / explained / clearly? ____________________________________
10. been / has / solved / not / the problem _________________________________________
 REGULAR AND IRREGULAR VERBS IN THE PAST TENSE
PARTICIPLE
The past participle is the third form of a verb, used in perfect tenses, passive voice, and
some other structures. It often ends in -ed for regular verbs (e.g., worked, played,
finished), but irregular verbs have unique forms (e.g., gone, written, eaten).

Key Notes

• Regular verbs: Add -ed (work → worked).

• Irregular verbs: Memorize unique forms (go → gone, eat → eaten).

Instructions I: Fill in the blanks with the correct past participle of the verbs in
parentheses.

1. She has _______ (finish) her homework already.

2. The cake was _____ (eat) by the children.
3. Have you ever _______ (see) the Eiffel Tower?
4. They had _______ (leave) before we arrived.
5. The project has been ______ (complete) successfully.
6. He has never _______ (be) to Japan.
7. We’ve _______ (know) each other for years.
8. The book was _______ (write) by a famous author.
9. I have _______ (choose) my outfit for the party.
10. The keys were ______ (find) under the couch.

Instructions II: Write sentences using the past participle of the following verbs

• Do _________________________________________________________

• Go _________________________________________________________

• Build _______________________________________________________

• Work _______________________________________________________

• Eat _________________________________________________________

Instructions III: Match the base form of the verb to its past participle.

1.- Go _______ Spoken

2.- See _______ Gone
3.- Speak ________ Eaten
4.- Eat _______ Written
5.- Write _______ Seen
Instructions IV: Rewrite the sentences in the present perfect tense using the past
participle.
1. (She / finish / her homework) ______________________________________________
2. (We / visit / the museum) __________________________________________________
3. (He / break / his phone) ____________________________________________________
4. (They / not clean / the house) ______________________________________________
5. (I / visit / New York) _______________________________________________________
6. (She / not finish / her project) ______________________________________________
7. (They / buy / a new car) ____________________________________________________
8. (You / ever / read / this book?) ______________________________________________
9. (The children / break / the vase) ____________________________________________
10. (She / cook / dinner for everyone) ___________________________________________

Instructions V: Read the following text about Antonia, a taxi driver. Then, circle the
regular and underline the irregular verbs in past participle.
Antonia is now 67 years old, and she has had a peculiar life. She was born in a time
when the country had lots of problems, even more than now. She is the oldest of her
siblings, so she had taken care of them because their father died when they were very
young. Even when she doesn’t have children, she has lots of nieces and nephews. She
treats them just as if they were her sons and daughters. She has taken them to school,
has been up all night when they have been sick, and has even gone to school when
there has been a problem. She is practically their mother.
Antonia has been a taxi driver for almost ten years. She found that job when she was
looking for a friend. One day, she took a taxi, and since she is very talkative, she started
having a conversation with the taxi driver. He told her about a man who had some taxis,
and that needed driver. If she knew how to drive, she could have the job.
Being a taxi driver means having a different adventure each day. So, Antonia has lived
through all kinds of experiences. She has met all sorts of people, has gone to every part
of the city, and has solved all types of problems. Her clients have thanked her in many
ways because of the way she has helped them. She should be a psychologist, they say.
She just listens and then comes up with the perfect solution for any problem she is told.
One of the advantages of being a taxi driver is that they can have some days off
whenever they decide to. They are their own boss, so they don’t have to ask for
permission or something like that. Thanks to that, Antonia has traveled widely. She
hasn’t gone abroad, but she has friends all over the country. So, she has never paid for
a hotel when she has visited any of her friends. She has decided to retire, not because
she feels tired or because she dislikes driving. She wants to stop working because she
wants to spend more time with her family. She has never woken up after 7:00 am, so
she wants to know what it feels like to get up without an alarm clock.
 Instructions VI: Write the verbs from the previous reading in the box, dividing them into
regular and irregular verbs in the past participle

Regular verbs in past participle Irregular verbs in past participle

Instructions VII: Complete the table with the corresponding verb.

INFINITIVE SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE
1.- Have

2.- Wrote
3.- Driven

4.- Make
5.- Was/ Were

6.- Lived

7.- Show

8.- Eaten

9.- Fly

10.- Won
 PRESENT PERFECT
The Present perfect is a grammatical combination of the present tense and perfect
aspect that is used to express a past event that has present consequences. To show
this time, in Spanish we used the auxiliary haber followed by a verb in participle, in the
same way; in English, we used the auxiliary to have followed by a verb in the past
participle.
Meanings communicated by the Present perfect
1. To talk about past events in your life. I have eaten Chinese food.
2. To declare that an event started in the She has studied English for 5 years.
past and continues in the present.
3. To talk about an event that happened in I have lost my book. (I don’t have my book
the past and has a result in the present. now)

Affirmative formula
I have eaten Chinese food

subject Auxiliary Past participle of Predicate

(have/has) the main verb

Auxiliary verbs
I, you, we, they have
He, she, it has

Instructions I: Complete the affirmative present perfect sentences with the auxiliary
verbs has or have.
1.- I ______ answered the question.
2..- She _______ opened the window.
3.- They ______ called us.
4.- You ______ carried a box.
5.- It ______ rained a lot.
6.- We ______ washed the car.
7.- He ______ closed the window.
8.- Jenny _____ locked the door.
9.- The girls ______ visited the museum.
10.- John and Sophie _____ helped in the garden
Instructions II: Complete the sentences by adding the auxiliary verb (has or have) and
the verb in past participle.
Example:
1.- Bob / visit / his grandma. Bob has visited his grandma.
2.- Jimmy / play / on the computer ________________________________________________
3.- Sue and Walter / wash / their car _______________________________________________
4.- Andrew / repair / his bike ______________________________________________________
5.- Phil / help / Anne with math ___________________________________________________
6.- Brad and Louise / watch / a film ________________________________________________
7.- Tamara / talk to / her best friend ________________________________________________
8.- Bridgette / draw / a picture ____________________________________________________
9.- Carol / read / a computer magazine ____________________________________________
10.- Tom and Alice / be / to a restaurant ____________________________________________

Instructions III: Complete the sentences with the auxiliary verb (has, have) and the
verb from the box in past participle.

Have Iron Break Go Read Clean Correct Speak Finish (2x)

1.- I _____________________________ the house.

2.- Dad __________________________ shopping.

3.- Mrs. Brown _________________________ the clothes.

4.- Susan __________________________ to her colleague.

5.- Pam and Joe ___________________________ their breakfast.

6.- My neighbor ___________________________ the gardening

7.- Our math teacher ____________________________ our tests.

8.- My brother ________________________________ a window.

9.- The basketball match _________________________.

10.- Mr. White ________________________________ the newspaper

Present Perfect negative form

We use the present perfect simple to talk about your experiences. How? The perfect
present allows us to express experiences that happened in the past or at a specific time
and which are essential in the present.
Negative formula
Subject Auxiliary verb Past participle Predicate
negative verb
I, you, we, they haven´t worn red denim shoes.
He, she, it hasn´t

Example:
Jenny hasn't jumped from a plane twice, only once.
I haven’t played against my Canadian friends online.
My brother hasn’t invited a lot of friends to his birthday party

Instructions VI: Complete the sentences by adding the auxiliary verb (hasn't or haven't)
and the verb in past participle. Follow the example.
1. Sarah / not / wash the dishes. Sarah hasn't washed the dishes.
2. Anita / not / clean the kitchen. __________________________________________
3. Maureen and Gavin / not / water the plants. _______________________________
4. Joey / not / make his bed. ________________________________________________
5. David / not / buy milk. ___________________________________________________
6. Lisa / not / be to the baker's. _____________________________________________
7. Aran and Jack / not / do their homework. __________________________________
8. Jane and Ben / not / tidy up their rooms. __________________________________
9. Alex / not / feed the hamster. ____________________________________________
10. Hazel / not / empty the bin. ____________________________________________

Instructions V: Complete the negative sentences by adding the auxiliary verb hasn't or
haven't and the verb in parentheses in past participle, follow the example.
1. I haven't finished my homework yet. (finish)
2. Lucy ________________________ to my email. (reply)
3. They ________________________ the new movie yet. (see)
4. John ____________________ his parents in some time. (visit)
5. We ______________________ any updates on our project. (receive)
6. Tom ______________________ how to swim yet. (learn)
7. He ___________________ anything all day either. (eat)
8. They ________ never _____________ abroad before. (travel)
9. I _____________________ with an old friend in years. (speak)
10. We ____________________ any problems with the new software. (have)

Present Perfect Interrogative form

The interrogative form of the Present Perfect is used to offer or ask for information. Also,
to express surprise or disbelief.
Interrogative formula present perfect
I, you, we, they Have + subject + past participle +
predicate?
He, she, it Has + subject + past participle +
predicate?

Interrogative examples
Yes/No Questions Have you played video games? Yes, I
have. / No, I haven’t
Has she played video games? Yes, she
has / No, she hasn’t
Wh-Questions What have you played?
What has she played?

Instructions VI: Write questions in present perfect simple by adding the auxiliary verb
Have or Has and the verb in past participle, and do not forget the question mark at the
end. Follow the example.
1. you / answer / the question. Have you answered the question?
2. Jenny / lock / the door. _______________________________________________
3. Walter / call / us. ____________________________________________________
4. you / see / the picture. ________________________________________________
5. your parents / get / the letter. ___________________________________________
6. it / rain / a lot. _______________________________________________________
7. how often / we / sing / the song. ________________________________________
8. Maureen / watch / the film. ____________________________________________
9. how many books / Bob / read. __________________________________________
10. ever / you / be / to London. ___________________________________________
11. you /paint/ the kitchen door ___________________________________________
12.your /brother /do/ the shopping _________________________________________
13. Julian /ever /touch/ a spider ___________________________________________
14. your father /ever /ride/ on an elephant __________________________________
15. Lee /ask /his parents/ yet _____________________________________________

PAST CONTINUOUS
The past continuous (also known as the past progressive) tense is used to describe an
action or situation that was ongoing at a particular point in the past. It’s formed by
combining the past form of the verb “to be” (was/were) with the present participle of
the main verb (the base form + ing).
There are several common uses for the past continuous tense:
- To describe an action that was happening at a specific moment in the past:
Example: At 6 pm yesterday, I was cooking dinner.
- To describe two actions happening simultaneously in the past:
Example: While I was studying, my sister was watching TV.
- To express an interrupted action in the past:
Example: I was reading a book when the phone rang.
- To describe an action happening over a period of time in the past:
Example: Last summer, we were traveling through Europe.
- To provide background information in a story or narrative:
Example: It was raining heavily, and the streets were deserted.
- To express a past action that was happening when another past action occurred:
Example: The students were taking notes as
I was
the teacher was explaining the lesson
You were
He was
She was playing.
It was
We were
They were
Instructions I: Put the verbs into the correct form (past progressive). Remember
to use the verb to BE in the past and the verb in -ing.

1. When I phoned my friends, they _________________(play) monopoly.

2. Yesterday at six I ____________________(prepare) dinner.
3. The kids ________________(play) in the garden when it suddenly began to rain.
4. I _____________________ (practice) the guitar when he came home.
5. We ___________________(cycle) all day.
6. While Aaron ________________(work) in his room, his friends
________________(swim) in the pool.
7. I tried to tell them the truth and finally they _____________________ (listen).
8. What _______________________ (you / do) yesterday?
9. Most of the time we ______________________________(sit) in the park.
10. The students _________________________ (have) a party last night

Instructions II: Complete the sentences with the past progressive.

1. The girls _______________________ (play) cards.
2. Greg ________________________(look) for his wallet.
3. Mr. Miller _______________________ (wash) his car.
4. Susan ________________________(do) her homework.
5. They ______________________(play) football yesterday afternoon.
6. I ________________________(wait) for her in the park.
7. Carol and I ______________________ (have) dinner when he arrived.
8. We ____________________________(play) the guitar when she entered.
9. Tom ____________________________ (swim) in the pool.
10. The boys _______________________ (cycle) home from school.
11. She _____________________________(work) in her office.
12. I _______________________________(study) the new words.
13. Ann ____________________________(lie) on the beach.
14. We _____________________________(sit) on the bench for a long time.
15. He _______________________________(call) his aunt
 Instructions I: Write the ing form of the verbs and write five more examples.
1. live →______________
2. stay → ______________
3. run → ______________
4. win → ______________
5. cycle → ______________
6. _____ → ______________
7. _____ → ______________
8. _____ → ______________
9. _____ → ______________
10. _____ → ______________

Instructions II: Write affirmative sentences in past continuous using the

information below.
1. She / go / home → ______________________________________________
2. They / watch / the match → _______________________________________
3. You / work/ in the shop → ________________________________________
4. I / read/ a magazine → __________________________________________
5. He / wash/ the car → ___________________________________________

Past continuous negative form

I wasn’t
You weren’t
wasn’t = was not
He wasn´t
She wasn’t playing. weren´t = were not
It wasn´t
We weren’t
They weren’t

I. Instructions: Put the verbs into the correct form (past progressive) to write
negative sentences.
1. Sarah and Luke / not / work_______________________________________________
2. Mister Miller / not / teach / chemistry _____________________________________
3. Barry / not / drive / a lorry________________________________________________
4. Mandy / not / have / lunch________________________________________________
5. Albert / not / play / tennis ________________________________________________
6. Taylor and Bob / not / cycle / home________________________________________
7. Annie / not / clean / the table_____________________________________________
8. Benjamin / not / write / an e-mail__________________________________________
9. Jane / not / exercise / in the gym__________________________________________
10.Robert / not / buy / flowers______________________________________________

Past continuous interrogative form

Was I
Were You
Was He
Was She playing?
Was It
Were We
Were They

Instructions I: Form questions in the past progressive with the following words.
1. you / do / what / last weekend? ________________________________________
2. stay / he / in Montreal / how long?_______________________________________
3. dinner / they / have / together? _________________________________________
4. the boys / where / play football? ________________________________________
5. for the test / your sister / study? ________________________________________

Instructions II: Use the past progressive to complete negative or

interrogative sentences.
1. They _______________________ cards. (not /play)
2. I _____________________ the floor. (not/sweep)
3. _______ Sam____________ the newspaper (read)
4. Where ____________ the children__________? (wait)
5. Mom___________________ in her office. (not/work). She was doing a home
office.
6. He__________________ to school. (not/walk) He was riding his bike.
7. When they looked at her, ______she_______? (smile)
8. _______you_______ outside when it started to rain? (play)
9. The boys__________________ their favorite TV series. (not/watch)
10. I _________________yesterday afternoon. (not/work) I was at home.
11. __________Tim and Maggie_________ in the sun? (sit)
12. _________ you________ in the sea? (swim)
13. When ________ they__________ their house? (decorate)
14. Nora ________________ the homework. (not /hand out)
15. _________ Peter ________on the beach? (relax)