cfos/ lgb]{lzsf @)^^ -;+;f]lwt @)&&_ sf] ;+lIflKts/0f

l;=P= lgd{n >]i7

kl/5]b &= /sdx?sf] kl/df0fLs/0f, afF8kmfF8 /

rfl/qLs/0f (Quantification, Allocation and Characterization of
Amounts)

/sdx?sf] kl/df0fLs/0f
kl/df0fLs/0f ;DaGwL Joj:yf
@&-!_ s'g} e'QmfgLnfO{{ b]xfosf] /sd a/fa/df
kl/df0fLs/0f ug{' kg]{5 M–
@&-!_-s_s'g} Ps JolQmn] csf]{ JolQmnfO{ ;DklQ
x:tfGt/0f u/L ul/Psf] e'QmfgLsf] xsdf
x:tfGtl/t ;DklQsf] ahf/ d"No a/fa/sf] /sd,

æe'QmfgLÆ eGgfn] b]xfosf] sfd sf/afxL ;Demg' k5{ M–

-!_ s'g} Ps JolQmsf] /sd jf ;DklQ csf]{ JolQmsf] gfpFdf
/ s'g} csf]{ JolQmsf] bfloTj ;f] JolQmsf] gfpFdf
x:tfGt/0f ePdf,
-@_ s'g} Ps JolQmaf6 l;lh{t ;DklQ ;f] ;DklQsf] l;h{gfkl5
csf]{ JolQmsf] :jfldTjdf ePdf jf s'g} Ps JolQmsf]
bfloTjsf] ef/ csf]{ JolQmn] axg u/]df,
-#_ Ps JolQmn] csf]{ JolQmnfO{{ ;]jf k|bfg u/]df,
-$_ s'g} Ps JolQmsf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf] ;DklQ csf]
{ JolQmn] k|of]u u/]df jf k|of]usf] nflu pknAw ePdf
.

pbfx/0f &=@=!M dfgf}+, lbud afGtjf eGg] JolQmn] :s6 g]kfn

k|f=ln= gfdsf] ;+:yfnfO{{ s'g} ;]jf pknAw u/fPsf /x]5g\ .
pQm ;+:yfn] lgh lbudnfO{{ ;f] ;]jfsf] d"No gubdf e'QmfgL
glbO{ Pp6f 6]lnlehg lbPsf] /x]5 . pQm 6]lnlehgsf] ahf/ d"No ?
= %),))) /x]5 eg] ;f] cj:yfdf lgh afGtjfn] /sd e'QmfgL glnP klg ?
=%),))) sf] e'QmfgL k|fKt u/] ;/x dflgg]5 .
Example 7.2.1: Suppose, Digam Bantawa has provided any service to enity named Scot
Nepal Pvt. Ltd. The company did not pay him any cash instead provided a Television. The
market price of that Television is Rs. 50,000. In this case, although, Bantawa has not received
any cash, he is assumed to receive the payment of Rs. 50,000.

pbfx/0f &=@=@M dfgf}+, g]kfn cfon lguddf sfo{/t

sd{rf/LnfO{{ dfl;s %) ln6/ k]6«f]n ;'ljwf :j¿k pknJw u/fpg] Joj:yf

1
cfos/ lgb]{lzsf @)^^ -;+;f]lwt @)&&_ sf] ;+lIflKts/0f
l;=P= lgd{n >]i7

/x]5 / To:tf] k]6«f]nsf] ahf/ d"No k|lt ln6/ ?=*) /x]5 eg] lghsf]
/f]huf/Lsf] cfo u0fgf ubf{ cfodf -*) x %)_Ö ?= $,))) k|lt dlxgfsf
b/n] x'g] ?=$*,))) nfO{{ ;d]t /f]huf/Lsf] cfodf ;dfj]z ug'{ kb{5 .
Example 7.2.2: Suppose, Nepal Oil Corporation provides 50 litres petrol facility to its
employee and the market value of petrol is Rs. 80 per litre. Then, while computing income
from employment of such employee Rs. 4,000 (80x50) per month i.e. Rs. 48,000 per year
shall be included in his income.

pbfx/0f &=@=#M dfgf}+, s'g} Ps rfprfp km\ofS6«Ln] jflif{s

¿kdf tf]lsPsf] kl/df0f laqmL ug]{ s'g} l8n/nfO{{ Pp6f /+uLg
6]lnlehg lbg] Joj:yf u/]sf] /x]5 . pQm l8n/n] lghnfO{{ tf]lsPsf]
kl/df0f laqmL u/L Target meet u/] afkt lghnfO{{ k|fKt ePsf]
6]lnlehg -;DklQ_ sf] ahf/ d"No ?=@),))) /x]5 eg] pQm ?=@),)))
nfO{{ l8n/n] cfk\mgf] Joj;fosf] cfodf ;dfj]z ug'{ kb{5 .
Example 7.2.3: Suppose, a Chowmin Factory provides color television to one of its dealer
who meets the targeted sales. If the market value of such television is Rs. 20,000 then the
amount shall be included in business income dealer.

pbfx/0f &=@=$M dfgf}+, ABC Travel Agency Pvt. Ltd. df sfo{/t k|

aGw lgb]{zs >L xl/k|sfz >]i7nfO{{ lghsf] ;+:yf k|ltsf]
OdfGbfl/tfsf] sb/ ub}{ ;~rfns ;ldltn] lg0f{o u/L lghnfO{{ Jeep
x:tfGt/0f u/]sf] /x]5 . o; cj:yfdf lghsf] OdfGbfl/tfsf] sb/ :j¿ksf]
e'QmfgL ;DklQsf] x:tfGt/0faf6 ePsf] x'Fbf pQm Jeep sf] ahf/
d"No a/fa/sf] /sd lghsf] kfl/>lds cfodf ;dfj]z ug'{ kb{5 . ahf/
d"No eGgfn] ;DklQsf] vftfdf pNn]v ul/Psf] Written Down Value
geO{ pQm Jeep ahf/df laqmL ubf{ slt /sd k|fKt x'g ;S5 ;f]
cfwf/df lgwf{/0f ug'{ kb{5 .
Example 7.2.4: Suppose, Hari Prasad Shrestha, a managing director of ABC Tavel Agency
Pvt. Ltd. is provided with a jeep by the Board of Director of the company in recognition of
his sincere service. The market value of assets in the form of jeep provided in recognition of
his sincere service shall be included in his employment income. The market value will be
determined by the sale value if sold in the market but not the written down value in the
company’s book.

pbfx/0f &=@=%M dfgf}+, ljB't ljt/0f ug]{ lgsfon] cfkm\gf

sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{{ ;'ljwfsf ¿kdf k|lt dlxgf lglZrt o'lg6;Dd
dx;'n glng] u/L 5'6 lbg] jf 6]lnkmf]g sDkgLn] cfkm\gf sfdbf/ jf
sd{rf/Lx?nfO{{ ;'ljwfsf ¿kdf k|lt dlxgf lglZrt sn;Dd dx;'n glng]
u/L 5'6 lbg] Joj:yf u/]sf] /x]5 jf cGo o:t} 5'6x? cfˆgf

2
cfos/ lgb]{lzsf @)^^ -;+;f]lwt @)&&_ sf] ;+lIflKts/0f
l;=P= lgd{n >]i7

sd{rf/LnfO{{ pknAw u/fOg] Joj:yf 5 eg] To:tf lgsfon] o;/L lbOg]

5'6nfO{{ ahf/ d"Nosf cfwf/df lx;fj u/L cfpg] /sd ;'ljwf pkef]u
ug]{ sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Lx?sf] /f]huf/Lsf] cfo u0fgf ubf{ cfodf ;dfj]z
ug'{ kb{5 .
Example 7.2.5: Suppose, electricity distributing entity has provided its employee or workers
a certain unit of bills at free of cost and a telephone company has provided its worker or
employees certain calls at free of cost or similar other concessions provide to employees then
market value of such concessions provided by the entity to its employees shall be included in
employment income of those employees.

@&-!_-v_ b]xfosf s'/f pknAw u/fPafkt ePsf]

e'QmfgLsf] nflu tf]lsP adf]lhd lgwf{/0f x'g] /sd
jf /sd lgwf{/0f ug]{ Joj:yf gul/Psf]df v08 -ª_ cg';f/
lgwf{/0f x'g] /sd M–
@&-!_-v_-!_ e'QmfgL kfpg] JolQmsf] k"0f{ jf cf+lzs
¿kdf lghL k|of]hgsf nflu k|of]u ul/Psf] jf k|of]usf]
nflu pknAw ePsf] ;jf/L ;fwg, jf

cfos/ lgodfjnL sf] lgod !# sf] pklgod -!_ df lghL k|of]hgsf]

;jf/L ;fwg ;DaGwdf lgDgfg';f/ Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 M
-!_ sd{rf/L jf sfdbf/ nufotsf] s'g} lxtflwsf/Lsf] nflu
s'g} JolQmaf6 k"0f{ jf cf+lzs ¿kdf lghL k|of]hgsf]
nflu k|of]u ePsf] jf k|of]usf] nflu pknAw
ePsf] ;jf/L ;fwgnfO{{ P]gsf] bkmf @& sf] pkbkmf
-!_ sf] v08 -v_ sf] pkv08 -!_ adf]lhd s'g} cfojif{sf]
nflu b]xfo adf]lhd /sd lgwf{/0f x'g]5 M–
-s_ sd{rf/L jf sfdbf/ jf dfl;s ¿kdf kfl/>lds k|fKt
ug]{ cGo s'g} JolQmnfO{{ pknAw u/fPsf]df
lghn] vfO{kfO{ cfPsf] tnasf] z"Go bzdnj
kfFr k|ltztn] x'g] /sd .
-v_ v08 -s_ df pNn]v ePsf] cj:yfdf afx]s
;jf/L;fwgsf] k|rlnt ahf/ d"Nosf] jflif{s Ps k|
ltztn] x'g] /sd .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; lgodsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu
æ;jf/L ;fwgÆ eGgfn] df]6/, sf/, hLk / o:t} lsl;dsf]
cGo ;jf/L ;fwg ;Demg' k5{ .

3
cfos/ lgb]{lzsf @)^^ -;+;f]lwt @)&&_ sf] ;+lIflKts/0f
l;=P= lgd{n >]i7

cfos/ lgodfjnL, @)%( sf] lgod !$ cg';f/ æs'g}

e'QmfgLnfO{{ P]gsf] bkmf @& adf]lhd kl/df0fLs/0f
ubf{ jf P]gsf] bkmf @* jdf]lhd g]kfnL ¿k}ofFdf kl/jt{g
ubf{ ¿k}ofFeGbf a9L ePsf] rfgr'g k};fnfO{{ u0fgf ul/g]
5}g\ .Æ

pbfx/0f &=@=^M dfgf}+, s'g} sd{rf/LnfO{{ p;sf]

/f]huf/bftfn] lghL tyf Jofj;flos sfdsf] nflu Pp6f sf/ pknAw
u/fPsf] /x]5 . ;f] sf/sf] ahf/ d'No ?=@),)),))) /x]5 . lghn] cfkm\
gf] dfl;s kfl/>lds lgDgfg';f/ k|fKt ug]{ u/]sf /x]5g\ .
tna ?=!%,)))
u|]8 -hDdf_ ?=%,(#)
dxËL eQf ?=^))
cGo eQf ?=!,)))
;jf/L ;fwg lghL sfo{sf] nflu ;d]t pknAw u/fPsf]df, Perquisite sf]
d"No lgwf{/0f ug{sf] nflu lghn] vfOkfO{ cfPsf] tna lgwf{/0f
ug'{ kb{5 .
z'? tna -!%,))) x !@_ !,*),)))
u|]8 %,(#)
vfOkfO{ cfPsf] tna ?=!,*%,(#)
)=%% sf b/n] x'g] -!,*%,(#) x )=%/!))_ = ?=(@(=^%
lghsf] ;jf/L ;fwg k|of]u u/]afkt ?=(@( e'QmfgL lbP ;/x dfgL
lghsf] /f]huf/Lsf] cfodf ;dfj]z ul/G5 . o;/L kl/df0fLs/0f (Quantification)
ubf{ k};fnfO{{ u0fgf ug'{ kb}{g .
Example 7.2.6: Suppose, a employer has provided a car to its employee for his personal and
commercial use. The market value of such car Rs. 2,000,000. His monthly remuneration is as
follow:
Salary Rs. 15,000
Grade Rs. 5,930
Dearness Allowance Rs. 600
Other Allowance Rs. 1,000
As car facility is provide for personal use so value of his perquisite will be asseses as below:
Initial Salary (15,000x12) Rs. 180,000
Grade Rs. 5,390
Regular salary Rs. 185,930
0.5% of Rs. 185,930 will be Rs. 929.65
For the facility of car, Rs. 929 will be assumed to be paid to him and will be included in his
employment income. While quantifying facilities paisa shall not be included.

4
cfos/ lgb]{lzsf @)^^ -;+;f]lwt @)&&_ sf] ;+lIflKts/0f
l;=P= lgd{n >]i7

pbfx/0f &=@=&M dfgf}+, x/Lz/0f eGg] JolQm ABC Travel Agency

Pvt. Ltd. df Pp6f sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{ Psd'i7 ?=%),))) z'Ns kfpg]
u/L k/fdz{bftf lgo'Qm ePsf /x]5g\ . lghnfO{{ JolQmut k|of]hg
tyf tf]lsPsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug{;d]t ;xof]u k'uf];\ eGg] p2]Zon] ;f]
lgsfon] Pp6f sf/ tLg dlxgfsf] nflu pknAw u/fPsf] /x]5 . ;f] sf/sf]
ahf/ d'No ?=@),)),))) /x]5 eg] lghn] cfkm\gf] Joj;fosf] cfodf ;f]
lgsfoaf6 gub} k|fKt ?=%),))) sf] cltl/Qm ?=@),)),))) sf] ! k|
ltztn] # dlxgfsf] x'g cfpg] /sd ?=%,))) ;d]t cfodf ;dfj]z
ug'{ kb{5 .
Example 7.2.7: Suppose, Harisharan is appointed as consultant by ABC Travel Agency Pvt.
Ltd. to operate a program for a lump sum amount of Rs. 50,000. He has been provided with a
car for three months for his personal work and to support for performance of the his work.
The market value of the car is Rs. 2,000,000. In addition to the cash received by him Rs.
50,000, he has to include 1% of Rs. 2,000,000 for 3 months i.e. Rs. 5,000 in his business
income.

@&-!_-v_-@_ e'QmfgL kfpg] JolQmsf] nflu pknAw

u/fOPsf] ejg .
cfos/ lgodfjnLsf] lgod !# sf] pklgod -@_ df lghL k|of]hgsf]
ejg ;DaGwdf lgDgfg';f/ Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 M
-@_ sd{rf/L jf sfdbf/ nufotsf] s'g} lxtflwsf/Lsf] nflu s'g}
JolQmaf6 lghL k|of]hgsf] nflu k|of]u ePsf] jf k|of]usf]
nflu pknAw ePsf] ejgnfO{{ P]gsf] bkmf @& sf] pkbkmf
-!_ sf] v08 -v_ sf] pkv08 -@_ adf]lhd s'g} cfojif{sf] nflu
b]xfo adf]lhd /sd lgwf{/0f x'g]5 M–
-s_ ejg pknAw u/fpg] JolQmn] sd{rf/L jf sfdbf/ jf dfl;s
¿kdf kfl/>lds k|fKt ug]{ cGo s'g} JolQmnfO{{ ejg
pknAw u/fPsf]df lghn] vfOkfO{ cfPsf] tnasf] @ k|
ltztn] x'g] /sd,
-v_ ejg pknJw u/fpg] JolQmn] 3/ ef8fdf lnO{ v08 -s_ df
pNn]v eP afx]ssf] JolQmnfO{{ ejg pknAw u/fPsf]df
ef8fafkt e'QmfgL u/]sf] /sdsf] @% k|ltztn] x'g] /sd,
-u_ ejg pknAw u/fpg] JolQmn] ef8f ltg'{ gkg]{ 3/ v08 -
s_ df pNn]v eP afx]ssf] JolQmnfO{{ ejg pknAw
u/fPsf]df k|rlnt 3/ef8fsf] @% k|ltztn] x'g] /sd .
pbfx/0f &=@=*M dfgf}+, pbfx/0f &=@=^ sf
sd{rf/LnfO{{ tna eQfsf] cltl/Qm ?=^),))) jflif{s ef8f k|fKt x'g]
ejg ;d]t pknAw u/fPsf] /x]5 . lgh ;f] sDkgLsf] sd{rf/L ePsf]n]
5
cfos/ lgb]{lzsf @)^^ -;+;f]lwt @)&&_ sf] ;+lIflKts/0f
l;=P= lgd{n >]i7

ejg ;'ljwf afkt ;f] JolQmn] vfOkfO{ cfPsf] tnasf] @ % sf b/n]

x'g] /sd ?=#,&!*.^) -!,*%,(#) x @/!))_ ;'ljwfsf] ¿kdf u0fgf u/L
/f]huf/Lsf] cfodf ;dfj]z ug'{ kb{5 . ejg ;'ljwfsf] d"Nof+sg ?
=#,&!*.^) eP tfklg cfos/ lgodfjnL,@)%( sf] lgod !$ cg';f/ rfgr'g
k}+;fnfO{{ u0fgf ul/g] 5}g eGg] Joj:yf cg';f/ ?=#,&!* dfq
cfodf ;dfj]z ul/g' kb{5 . /f]huf/bftfn] sfdbf/ tyf sd{rf/Lsf] nflu
af;:yfgsf] nflu eg]/ gub jf ;f] ;/x pknAw u/fPsf] 5 eg] pknAw
ePsf] s'n /sd g} eQfsf] ¿kdf lghsf] cfodf ;dfj]z u/L cfo u0fgf
ug'{ kb{5 .
Example 7.2.8: Suppose, in example 7.2.6, in addition to remuneratuiio, an employee has
been provided a building with Rs. 60,000 monthly rent. As he is the employee of the
company, 2% of the salary Rs. 3,718.60 (185,930x2%) will be included as benefit in his
income from employment. The quantified amount to be included will be Rs. 3,718 as per rule
14 of the Income Tax Rule, 2059 because paisa shall not be included. However, if employer
has provided its workers or employee cash facility or similar in lieu of their housing facility
then such whole facility/cash will be included in his employment income.

pbfx/0f &=@=(M Dffgf}, g]kfn a}Í lnld6]8sf] e}/xjfdf Ps

cltyL u[x /x]5 . pQm cltyL u[xsf] Ps tNnf (Flat) pQm a}Ísf ;~rfns
>L eb|]Zj/ dxtnfO{{ ! jif{ a:gsf] nflu pknAw u/fPsf] /x]5 .
dfgf}, pQm cltyL u[x /x]sf] ;f]xL Onfsfdf To:t} k|sf/sf] tNnf (Flat)
nfO{{ dfl;s ?=%,))) ef8f kbf]{/x]5 . o; cj:yfdf lgh ;~rfns >L
eb|]Zj/ dxtn] dfl;s ?=!,@%) -%,))) x @%÷!))_ cfkm\gf]
cfodf ;dfj]z u/L cfo u0fgf ug'{ kb{5 .
Example 7.2.9: Suppose, Nepal Bank Limited has Guest House in Bhairahawa. The Bank
has provided one floor of the building to Mr. Bhadreshwor Mahat, a director of the Bank for
1 year. Suppose, similar floor in the locality will cost rent of Rs. 5,000 per month. In this
case, a director Mr.s Bhadreshwor Mahat shall include Rs. 1,250 per month (5,000x25/100)
in his income.

pbfx/0f &=@=!)M dfgf}+, dfl;s ?=@%,))) tna kfpg] lbks

eGg] Ps sd{rf/LnfO{{ sfof{non] af;:yfg pknAw u/fPsf] /x]5 .
sfof{non] a:gsf] nflu cfjf; u[x pknAw u/fP afkt dfl;s ?=@))
cfˆgf] sfof{nonfO{{ ltb}{ cfPsf /x]5g\ . pQm cfjf; u[x
lghnfO{{ ;'ljwfdf pknAw u/fPsf] x'Fbf lgodfjnL cg';f/ lghsf]
cfodf vfOkfO{ cfPsf] tnaaf6 @ k|ltztsf b/n] x'g cfpg] /sd
cyf{t ?=%)) k|lt dlxgf lghsf] /f]huf/Lsf] cfodf ;dfj]z ug'{ kb{5 .
Example 7.2.10: Suppose, Mr. Dipak, an employee getting Rs. 25,000 per month as salary is
provided with residence. He is paying Rs. 200 per month for the residence provided by the

6
cfos/ lgb]{lzsf @)^^ -;+;f]lwt @)&&_ sf] ;+lIflKts/0f
l;=P= lgd{n >]i7

office. Residence has been provide to him as facility by the office so 2% of his regular salary
i.e. Rs. 500 per month shall be included in his employment income.

pbfx/0f &=@=!!M dfgf}+, ;fd/L eGg] Ps hgf g]kfn luo/ k|

f=ln=sf ;~rfnsnfO{{ ;f] k|f=ln=n] cfjf; (Quarter) pknAw u/fPsf]
/x]5 . pQm cfjf; :yn sdnfbL, sf7df8f}+df cjl:yt /x]5 . sdnfbL
If]qdf lghnfO{{ pknAw u/fPsf] cfjf;:yfg a/fa/sf] 3/ ef8fdf lnPsf]
cj:yfdf dfl;s ?=%),))) pQm k|f=ln=n] ltg'{kg]{ cj:yf /x]5 eg]
lgh ;~rfns sd{rf/L jf sfdbf/ gePsf] sf/0f lgh ;~rfnsn] pQm
kl/df0fLs/0f ul/Psf] /sd ?=%),))) sf] @% k|ltztn] x'g] ?=!@,%))
e'QmfgL kfP ;/x dfgL cfkm\gf] cfodf ;dfj]z ug'{ kb{5 .
Example 7.2.11: Suppose, Mr. Samari, a director of Nepal Gear Pvt. Ltd. has been provided
with him a quarter for his residence. The residence is provided in Kamaladi, Kathmandu. If
company has to pay rent for similar quarter in that area, it would have cost Rs. 50,000. As
director is not an employee of the company so 25% of Rs. 50,000 i.e. Rs. 12,500 will be
included in his income assuming that he has received that amount.

pbfx/0f &=@=!@M dfgf}+, g]kfn luo/ k|f=ln=n] cfkm\

gf] ;~rfnsnfO{{ dfl;s ?= $),))) kg]{ 3/ ef8fdf lnO{ af;:yfgsf]
nflu pknAw u/fPsf] cj:yfdf eg] dfl;s @% k|ltztsf b/n] x'g] ?
=!),))) lgh ;~rfnsn] e'QmfgL kfP ;/x dfgL cfkm\gf] cfodf ;dfj]z
ug'{ kb{5 . t/ lgh ;~rfnsnfO{{ af;:yfgsf] Joj:yf pknJw
gu/fO{ af;:yfgsf] nflu egL dfl;s ?=$),))) pknAw u/fPsf] v08df
eg] ;Dk"0f{ /sdg} lghn] cfkm\gf] cfodf ;dfj]z ug'{ kb{5 .
Example 7.2.12: Suppose, Nepal Gear Pvt. Ltd. provides a residence facility to its directors
by taking a building at monthly rent of Rs. 40,000. In this case, 25% of the facility i.e. Rs.
10,000 shall be included in income of the directors assuming they have received that value.
But, if directors are not provide with residence facility rather provided cash Rs. 40,000 per
month then the whole amount shall be included in their income.

@&-!_-u_ b]xfosf s'/f pknAw u/fPafkt e'QmfgL lbg]

JolQmn] u/]sf] vr{af6 e'QmfgL k|fKt ug]
{ JolQmsf] of]ubfg s6fO{ afFsL x'g cfPsf] /sd M–
@&-!_-u_-!_ 3/sf] /]vb]vstf{, efG5], ;jf/L rfns, dfnL jf
cGo 3/]n' ;xfossf] ;]jf,
pbfx/0f &=@=!#M dfgf}+, ljsf; a}+Í lnld6]8n] cfkm\gf] d'Vo
sfo{sf/L clws[tsf] nflu 3/df sfd ug{sf] nflu Ps hgf ;xof]uL
pknAw u/fPsf] /x]5 . pQm ;xof]uL ljsf; a}Í lnld6]8df sfd ug]
{ sd{rf/L x'g\ . lghsf] dfl;s ?=%,))) tna /x]5 / ;+:yfn] lghsf]
7
cfos/ lgb]{lzsf @)^^ -;+;f]lwt @)&&_ sf] ;+lIflKts/0f
l;=P= lgd{n >]i7

sfo{If]q d'Vo sfo{sf/L clws[tsf] 3/df tf]s]sf] /x]5 . lgh sfo{sf/L

clws[tnfO{{ lgo'lQm lbFbfsf cj:yfdf ePsf] s/f/gfdfdf ;+:yfn] Ps
hgf ;xof]uL pknAw u/fP afkt lghsf] tnjaf6 dfl;s ¿kdf ?=!,))) s§f
ug]{ Joj:yf /x]5 . o; cj:yfdf a}Ín] ;xof]uLnfO{{ e'QmfgL u/]sf]
kfl/>lds ?=%,))) af6 ;]jf k|fKt ug]{ JolQm d'Vo sfo{sf/L
clws[tsf] of]ubfg ?=!,))) ePsf] x'Fbf pQm of]ubfg s6fpFbf afFsL
x'g cfpg] /sd ?=$,))) k|lt dlxgf -%,)))–!,)))_ d'Vo sfo{sf/L
clws[tsf] /f]huf/Lsf] cfo u0fgf ubf{ ;dfj]z ug'{ kb{5 . cyf{t s'g}
JolQmn] ;+:yfsf] nfutdf k|fKt u/]sf] ;'ljwf g} ;'ljwf k|fKt ug]
{ JolQmsf] Perquisite x'g cfpF5 .
Example 7.2.13: Suppose, Bikas Bank Limited has provided a support staff to work in house
of its Chief Executive Officer (CEO). Support staff is employee of Bikas Bank Limited. His
monthly remuneration is Rs. 5,000 and he is deputed to work in CEO’s house. In a contract of
appointment of CEO, it has been provided that Rs. 1,000 per month shall be deducted from
CEO’s remuneration for the support staff provided to him by the bank. Thus, Rs.1,000
contirbuted by CEO when deducted from remuneration of Rs. 5,000 provided to support staff
will be Rs. 4,000 which shall be included in employment income of the CEO. It means, if any
person receives any benefit at the cost of the entity then value of such benefits shall included
as perquisite in his income.

@&-!_-u_-@_ s'g} vfgf, hnkfg jf dgf]/~hg, jf

pbfx/0f &=@=!$M dfgf}+, xf]6n sf7df8f}+ /]h]G;Ldf sd{rf/L
;]jf ljlgodfjnL cg';f/ txfF sfo{/t clws[t sd{rf/Lx?n] cfkm"n] jf
cfkm\gf kl/jf/hgsf a9Ldf @ hgf ;b:on] ?=@)) lt/L a'km]6 l8g/
vfg kfpg] ;'ljwf /x]5 . pQm a'km]6 (Buffet) l8g/ cGo JolQmx?n] k|
lt JolQm ?=&)) lt/L vfg kfpg] cj:yf 5 eg] /f]huf/bftfsf] vr{ ?=
&)) af6 ;'ljwf k|fKt ug]{ sd{rf/Lsf] of]ubfg ?=@)) s§f u/L afFsL
x'g cfpg] ?= %)) lgh ;'ljwf pkef]u ug]{ JolQmsf] /f]huf/Lsf]
cfodf ;dfj]z ug'{ kb{5 .
Example 7.2.14: Suppose, officer level employee of Hotel Kathmandu Regency can avail
buffet dinner facility for him and maximum two member of his family by paying only Rs.
200 as per Employee Service Bylaws of the Hotel. If such buffet dinner is available at Rs. 700
per person to other then the contribution of employee Rs. 200 when deducted from value of
service of employer Rs. 700 then the resultant Rs. 500 shall be included in the employment
income of the employee who receives such facility.

@&-!_-u_-#_ e'QmfgL k|fKt ug]{ JolQmsf] lgjf;:yfgdf

h8fg ul/Psf] wf/f, lah'nL, 6]lnkmf]g h:tf ;]jfx?,
pbfx/0f &=@=!%M dfgf}+, g]kfn v';L sDkgL ln=n] cfkm\gf]
d'Vo sfo{sf/L clws[tsf] lghL lgjf;df h8fg ul/Psf] wf/f afktsf]
8
cfos/ lgb]{lzsf @)^^ -;+;f]lwt @)&&_ sf] ;+lIflKts/0f
l;=P= lgd{n >]i7

dx;'n k|lt dlxgf ?=!,))) lah'nLsf] dx;'n afkt k|lt dlxgf ?=@,))) /
6]lnkmf]g dx;'n afkt k|lt dlxgf ?=#,))) ltg]{ u/]sf] /x]5 .
o; ;DaGwdf lghsf] lgjf; :yfgdf pknAw u/fOPsf dfly pNn]v ul/P
adf]lhdsf ;'ljwf afkt ;+:yfn] k|lt dlxgf lt/]sf] ?=^,)))
nfO{{ lghsf] /f]huf/Lsf] cfo u0fgf ubf{ ;dfj]z ug'{ kb{5 .
Example 7.2.15: Suppose, Nepal Khusi Company Limited has paid Rs. 1,000 per month for
water, Rs. 2,000 per month for electricity and Rs.3,000 per month for telephone facility of
personal residence of its Chief Executive Officer (CEO). The total cost paid Rs. 6,000 in lieu
of facilities provided in personal residence of CEO shall be included in employement income
of the CEO.

pbfx/0f &=@=!^M dfgf}+, s'g} /f]huf/bftfn] cfkm\gf sfdbf/

jf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{{ ;'ljwfsf ¿kdf k|lt dlxgf lglZrt jf clglZrt
o'lg6;Ddsf] dx;'n jf ;'ljwfsf ¿kdf k|lt dlxgf lglZrt sn;Ddsf] dx;'n
pknAw u/fOg] Joj:yf 5 eg] To:tf lgsfon] o;/L
lbOg] ;'ljwfnfO{{ ;f] /f]huf/bftfn] e'QmfgL u/]sf] /sd ;'ljwf
pkef]u ug]{ sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Lx?sf] /f]huf/Lsf] cfo u0fgf
ubf{ cfodf ;dfj]z ug'{ kb{5 .
Example 7.2.16: Suppose, any employer provides its workers or employee certain or
uncertain units of charges or certain call charges per month at free of cost as facilities then
payment made by employer for such facilities shall be included in employement income of
employee who utilizes such facilities.

@&-!_-3_ s'g} cfo jif{df e'QmfgL k|fKt ug'{kg]{ s'g}

JolQmn] C0f afkt lt/]sf] Aofh k|rlnt Aofh b/ cg';f/
ltg'{kg]{ Aofh /sd eGbf sd ePdf ;f] sd ePhlt /sd, /
pbfx/0f &=@=!&M dfgf}+, s'g} JolQmnfO{{ ?=!,)),))) jflif{s
$% sf b/n] Aofh ltg]{ u/L s'g} shf{ pknAw u/fPsf] /x]5 / k|rlnt
Aofhb/ *% /x]5 eg] km/s b/ $% sf lx;fan] x'g] ?=$,))) ;f]
sd{rf/Ln] k|fKt u/]sf] Aofh ;x'lnotsf ¿kdf u0fgf u/L /f]huf/Lsf]
cfodf ;dfj]z ug'{kb{5 .
Example 7.2.17: Suppose, a person is provided with Rs. 100,000 loan at the interest rate of
4% and prevailing interest rate is 8% in the market then the amount derived Rs. 4,000 with
difference interest rate of 4% shall be included in employment income of such employee who
receives such loan facility.

@&-!_-ª_ v08 -s_, -v_, -u_ / -3_ df plNnlvt e'QmfgL afx]s

cGo e'QmfgLsf] ;DaGwdf e'QmfgL kfpg] JolQmsf] ;§f

9
cfos/ lgb]{lzsf @)^^ -;+;f]lwt @)&&_ sf] ;+lIflKts/0f
l;=P= lgd{n >]i7

t];|f] JolQmn] e'QmfgL kfPdf ;fdfGotofM kfpg]

kmfObfsf] d"No a/fa/sf] /sd,
pbfx/0f &=@=!*M dfgf}+, af]N8 ls8 k|f=ln=df xl/k|;fb eGg]
sd{rf/L sfd ubf{ /x]5g\ . lghsf] 5f]/f Kinder World eGg] :s'ndf k9\g]
u/]sf] /x]5 . pQm :s'nsf] dfl;s lkm afkt x'g] /sd ?=!),))) ;f] k|
f=ln=n] l;w} ;f]xL :s'nnfO{{ e'QmfgL ug]{ u/]sf] /x]5 . o:tf]
e'QmfgL /sd sd{rf/LnfO{{ ck|ToIf¿kdf /f]huf/bftfn] ;'ljwf pknJw
u/fPsf] dfgL lgh xl/k|;fbsf] /f]huf/Lsf] cfo lgwf{/0f
ubf{ cfodf ;dfj]z ug'{kb{5 . oxfF xl/k|;fbn] ltg'{kg]{ bfloTj ;f]
k|f=ln=n] ltl/lbPsf] x'Fbf xl/k|;fbnfO{{ ck|ToIf¿kdf kmfObf
k'u]sf] 5 . t;y{ ck|ToIf¿kdf t]>f] JolQmn] cyf{t Kinder World n]
pQm e'QmfgL kfPsf] eP tfklg xl/k|;fbnfO{{ kmfObf ePsf]
x'Fbf ;f] /sdnfO{{ lghsf] cfo dflgG5 .
Example 7.2.18: Suppose, Hari Prasad is an employee working in Bold Kid Pvt. Ltd. His son
is studying in Kinder World School. The company is paying Rs. 10,000 monthly fee of his
son directly to the school. Assuming that the payment of school fee is the befnefit provided
by the company, is shall be included in employment income of Hari Prasad. Here, the liability
of Hari Prasad is paid by the company because of this he has been indirectly benefitted. Thus,
although, the payment has been received by unrelated third party (kinder World), the benefit
has been consumed by Hari Prasad so it shall be included in his income.

kl/df0fLs/0fsf] ;do
e'QmfgL k|fKt -cfh{g_ u/]sf] cj:yf M—
@&-@_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -s_ / -ª_ sf] ;DaGwdf e'QmfgL
cfh{g u/]sf], k|fKt u/]sf], lbPsf], axg u/]sf] jf s/ k|
of]hgsf] nflu cGo ¿kdf lx;fa ul/Psf] ;donfO{{ g} /sdx?
sf] kl/df0fLs/0f ePsf] ;do dflgg]5 .
pbfx/0f &=@=!(M dfgf}+, ABC Consultancy Pvt. Ltd.
nfO{{ g]=a}=ln=n] s/ k/fdz{bftfsf] ¿kdf @)^% >fj0f ! ut]b]lv
nfu" x'g] u/L ldlt @)^$÷!)÷@* df lgo'lQm u/]sf] /x]5 . pQm
s/f/gfdf cg';f/ a}Ín] ;f] sDkgLnfO{{ jflif{s ?=!,)),))) e'QmfgL
lbg] Joj:yf /x]5 . ;f] ;Demf}tf adf]lhd lghn] s/f/ ubf{sf] cj:yfdf
cyf{t ldlt @)^$÷!)÷@* df clu|d k]ZsL afkt ?=$),))) lnPsf]
/x]5 . ABC Consultancy Ps sDkgL ePsf] x'Fbf Accrual Basis df n]vfÍg
ug'{kg]{ / k/fdz{ afktsf] z'Ns cf=j=)^%÷^^ ;fndf dfq cfh{g
(Accure) ePsf] dflgg] x'Fbf clu|d k]ZsL afkt k|fKt ePsf] ?=$),)))
cf=j=)^$÷^% sf] cfh{g gdflgg] / cfh{g (Accure) gx'Fbf;Ddsf nflu
bfloTjsf] ¿kdf n]vfÍg ug'{kg]{ x'G5 .

10
cfos/ lgb]{lzsf @)^^ -;+;f]lwt @)&&_ sf] ;+lIflKts/0f
l;=P= lgd{n >]i7

Example 7.2.19: Suppose, Nepal Bank Limited has appointed ABC Consultancy Pvt. Ltd. on
2064/10/28 as tax consultant effective from Shrawan 1, 2065. The contract has provision to
pay Rs. 100,000 to that company. The company has received advance of Rs. 40,000 on the
date of contract i.e. 2064/10/28. As ABC Consultancy is a company, it has to account its
consultancy fee on a accrual basis so it has to book that income in FY 2065/66. Thus, the
advance taken by the company Rs. 40,000 will be shown as liability until it is accrued.

k|fKt u/]sf] dflgg] cj:yf M—

pbfx/0f &=@=@)M dfgf}+, >L xl/z ljsf; a}Ísf sd{rf/L /x]5g\ .
a}Ísf] lgodfg';f/ lghnfO{{ JolQmut ;fy} sfof{no k|of]hgsf] nflu
uf8Lsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] /x]5 . dfgf+} lghsf] dfl;s tna ?=$),)))
/x]5 . o; cj:yfdf lghn] ;jf/L ;fwg k|of]u u/]afkt k|lt dlxgf ?=@))
sf b/n] x'g cfpg] ;'ljwfnfO{{ e'QmfgL k|fKt u/]sf] dflgG5 . pQm
/sd tnj e"Qmfg u/]sf] cj:yfdf g} lghn] k|fKt u/]sf] dflgG5 .
Example 7.2.20: Suppose, Mr. Harish is employee of the Bikas Bank. He has been provided
with vehicle for his personal and office use as per the bank’s rule. His monthly salary is Rs.
40,000. He is assumed to receive Rs.200 (0.5% of 40,000) per month for the vehicle facility
provided. He is assumed to receive that amount on the salary payment date.

5'6 lbPsf] cj:yfdf M—

pbfx/0f &=@=@!M dfgf}+, ABC sDkgLsf] cfly{s jif{ @)^$÷^
% sf] jf;nftdf pNn]v ul/P cg';f/ B&W nfO{{ ?=$ nfv e'QmfgL
ug'{kg]{ /x]5 . @)^% >fj0f !) ut] B&W sf] ;~rfns ;ldltsf]
lg0f{ofg';f/ cfkm"n] k|fKt ug'{kg]{ ?=$ nfv ABC sDkgLsf] v/fa
cfly{s cj:yfsf sf/0f ldGxf u/]sf] /x]5 . o;/L ldGxf ePsf] ?=$ nfv
ABC Co. n] ;f]xL ;do cyf{t @)^% >fj0f !) df g} cfDbfgL dfgL
n]vfÍg ug'{ kb{5 .
Example 7.2.21: Suppose, ABC company has to pay Rs. 4 lakhs to B&W as per the balance
sheet of FY 2064/65. As per the decision of board of director of B&W on 10 th Shrawan 2065,
the company has waived the receivable from ABC company due to their poor economic
condition. Such waiver amount of Rs. 4 lakhs received by ABC company shall be included in
income of the company on the same date i.e. 10th Shrawan 2065.

bfloTj axg u/]sf] cj:yfdf M—

pbfx/0f &=@=@@M dfgf}+, /fdn] xl/z P08 s+= nfO{{ ?=%
nfv ltg'{kg]{ /x]5 . lzj z+s/ / /fdaLrsf] ;dembf/L cg';f/ /fdn] xl/z
P08 s+= nfO{{ ltg'{kg]{ bfloTj, lzj z+s/n] ldlt @)^^÷#÷!^
df axg u/]sf] /x]5 . o; cj:yfdf pQm ldltdf g} bfloTj lgM;u{ u/]sf]
dflgg] x'Fbf /fdn] pQm /sd cfkm\gf] cfDbfgL dfgL n]vfÍg
ug'{ kb{5 .
11
cfos/ lgb]{lzsf @)^^ -;+;f]lwt @)&&_ sf] ;+lIflKts/0f
l;=P= lgd{n >]i7

Example 7.2.22: Suppose, Ram has to pay Harish & Co. Rs. 5 lakhs. The liability of Ram
payable to Harish & Co. has been assumed by Shiv Shanker on 2066/03/16 according to
understanding between Shiv Shanker and Ram. In this case, the liability is disposed on the
same date so Ram has to include that amount in his income.

¿k}ofFdf kl/jt{g M
@*-!_ o; P]gsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu s'g} JolQmsf] cfo tyf ;f]
cfo lgwf{/0f ubf{ ;dfj]z ul/g] / s§L ul/g] /sdx?
g]kfnL ¿k}ofFafx]s cGo d'b|fdf c+lst ul/Psf] eP
To:tf] /sdnfO{{ g]kfnL ¿k}ofFdf kl/jt{g ug{' kg]
{5 .
@*-@_ s'g} JolQmsf] s'g} cfo jif{df cfo u0fgf
ubf{ ;dfj]z ul/g] jf s§L ul/g] /sd g]kfnL
¿k}ofFafx]s cGo d'b|fdf clÍt ul/Psf]df ;f] /sd k|fKt
ul/Psf], vr{ ul/Psf], lbPsf], a'emfPsf] jf s/ k|
of]hgsf] nflu cGo s'g} lsl;dn] lx;fa ubf{sf avt k|
rlnt ljlgdo b/ cg';f/ ;f] d'b|fnfO{{ g]kfnL ¿k}ofFdf
kl/jt{g ug{' kg]{5 .
@*-#_pkbkmf -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ;f]
pkbkmfsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu ljefun] lnlvt¿kdf ;"rgf
hf/L u/L cg'dlt lbPsf]df s'g} JolQmn] ;f] cfojif{df
ljefun] tf]s]sf] cf};t ljlgdo b/ k|of]u ug{ ;Sg]5 .
pbfx/0f &=#=!M dfgf}+ sf]nu]6 g]kfn sDkgLn] @)^
%.#.#@ ut]sf lbg US $ %),))) a/fa/sf] ljleGg k|sf/sf Toothpaste
lgof{t lan hf/L u/L lgof{t u/]sf] /x]5 . pQm lbg sDkgLn] cfkm\
gf] laqmL lstfjdf US $ %),))) sf] laqmL lx;fj n]vfÍg u/]sf / ;f]xL lbg
g]kfn /fi6« a}+sn] tf]s]sf] vl/b b/ ! US $ = *) g]=?=df kl/0ft u/L
hDdf ?=$),)),)))laqmL lstfasf] g]=?= snddf cfDbfgL hgfpg'k5{
.
Example 7.3.1: Suppose, Colgate Nepal Company has exported various types of toothpaste
for amount equal to USD 50,000 by issuing export invoice on 2065/03/32. The company has
to book income of USD 50,000 on the same date by converting the sales at the exchange rate
of USD 1 = Rs. 80 prescribed by Nepal Rastra Bank on that date which is equal to Rs.
4,000,000 in its sales book.

ck|ToIf e'QmfgLx? M

12
cfos/ lgb]{lzsf @)^^ -;+;f]lwt @)&&_ sf] ;+lIflKts/0f
l;=P= lgd{n >]i7

@(= s'g} JolQmn] e'QmfgLstf{ jf lgh;Fu ;Da4 JolQmn]

u/]sf] e'QmfgLaf6 ck|ToIf¿kn] kmfObf lnPdf jf e'QmfgL
k|fKt ug]{ cGo JolQm tf]s]sf]df ljefun] lnlvt¿kdf ;"rgf
hf/L u/L To:tf] kmfObf lng] jf To:tf] cGo JolQm tf]Sg]
JolQmnfO{{ g} To:tf] e'QmfgL k|fKt ug]{ JolQmsf] ¿kdf
dfGg ;Sg]5 .
pbfx/0f &=$=!M Zenith Co. / ;'n]dfg Housing Co. aLr ePsf] s/f/gfdf
cg';f/ Zenith Co. cfkm}n] Aofh lt/L lbO{ cfkm\gf] k|
aGw ;~rfnsnfO{{ ls:tfaGbLdf 3/ laqmL u/]sf] /x]5 eg] k|
aGw ;~rfnsn] ck|ToIf¿kdf kmfObf lnPsf] Aofh vr{ lghn] k|fKt
u/]sf] e'QmfgL dflgG5 .
Example 7.4.1: Suppose, Zenith Co. has provided house to its Managing Director on
installment by paying interest itself as per the contract between Zenith Co. and Sulemon
Housing Co. The interest benefit received by the Managing Director indirectly will be
assumed to be the payment received by him.

pbfx/0f &=$=@M ;'n]dfg sDkgLn] sd{rf/Lsf] aLdf ug]{ u/]sf]

5 . sd{rf/L aLdfsf] lk|ldod @) jif{;Dd sDkgLn] ltg]{ / ;f] k5fl8
aLdf sDkgLaf6 k|fKt nfe aLdssf] x}l;otn] sd{rf/Ln] kfpg] Joj:yf
u/]sf] /x]5 . o;/L sd{rf/LnfO{{ e'QmfgL gu/L aLdf
sDkgLnfO{{ e'QmfgL b]vfPsf] lk|ldod /sd sd{rf/Ln]] k|fKt
u/]sf] e'QmfgL dfgL ;f] sd{rf/Lsf] /f]huf/Lsf] cfodf ;dfj]z
ug'{kb{5 .
Example 7.4.2: Suppose, Suleman Company has done insurance of its employees. The
company pays the premium of the employees for 20 years and the provision has been made
that the gain received from Insuracne company will be received by the employee in a capacity
as insured. The premium directly paid to the insurance company will be assumed to be
received by the employee and will be included in their employment income.

;+o'Qm :jfldTjdf /x]sf] nufgL

#)= s'g} JolQmn] csf]{ JolQm;Fusf] ;+o'Qm :jfldTjdf
/x]sf] nufgLaf6 cfh{g u/]sf] cfo u0fgf ug]{ k|of]hgsf]
nflu cfo u0fgf ubf{ ;dfj]z jf s§L ul/g] /sdx? ;
+o'Qm :jfldTj ePsf JolQmx?sf] ;f] nufgLdf /x]sf] cf–
cfˆgf] lxtsf] ;dfg'kflts cfwf/df afF8kmfF8 ug{' kg]{5 .
pbfx/0f &=%=!M dfgf}+, ;flgof / ;lkmofn] s'g} hUuf vl/b
ug{sf] nflu ;flgofn] ?=@) nfv / ;lkmgfn] ?=#) nfv nufgL ug]
{ u/L /sd of]ubfg u/]sf /x]5g\ . ;f]xL cg';f/ sf7df8f}+sf] l;kmndf

13
cfos/ lgb]{lzsf @)^^ -;+;f]lwt @)&&_ sf] ;+lIflKts/0f
l;=P= lgd{n >]i7

?=$%,)),))) df Pp6f hUuf vl/b u/L ;+o'Qm gfddf hUuf kf;

u/]sf /x]5g\ . hUuf kf; ubf{ /lhi6«]zg b:t'/ Pjd\ sld;g vr{ u/L
hDdf ?=%,)),))) ePsf] /x]5 . ;f] vr{ ;d]t ;flgofn] ?=@),)),)))
tyf ;lkmof ?=#),)),))) vr{ u/]sf /x]5g\ . pQm ;+o'Qm nufgLsf]
hUuf ?=*^ nfvdf laqmL ePsf] /x]5 / ;f] hUuf laqmL ubf{ laqmL
sldzg tyf cGo zLif{sdf hDdf ?=^,)),))) vr{ ePsf] /x]5 eg] lghx?
sf] cfo lgDgfg';f/ afF8kmfF8 ul/G5 .
ljj/0f s"n ;flgof ;lkmof
vr{ M
hUufsf] df]n ?= $%,)),)))
cGo vr{ ?= %,)),)))
hDdf vr{ @M# sf] #),)),)))
cg'kft ?= %),)),))) @),)),))
)
laqmL cfDbfgL
laqmL d"No ?= *^,)),)))
Go"gM cGo vr{ ?= -^,)),)))_
v'b laqmL d"No ?= *),)),))) $*,)),)))
#@,)),)
))
cfo @M# sf] cg'kft ?= #),)),))) ! !*,)),)))
@,)),)))

Example 7.5.1: Suppose, Sania and Safia have contributed each Rs. 20 lakhs and Rs. 30
lakhs investment respectively to purchase land. They have purchased a plot of land at Sifal,
Kathmandu for Rs. 4,500,000 and passed in their common name. While passing the land, Rs.
5 lakhs was incurred as expenses for registration fee and commission. The total investment
was Rs. 50 lakhs including registration and commission. The joint investment land was sold
for Rs. 86 lakhs and sales commsiion of Rs. 6 lakhs was incurred on sale. Their income will
be allocated as below:
Particulars Total Sania Safia
Expenses:
Cost of the Land Rs. 5,000,00
Other expenses Rs. 500,000
Total Expenses (2:3 ratio) Rs. 5,000,000 2,000,000 3,000,000
Sales Income
Sales Value Rs. 8,600,000
Less: Other Expenses Rs. 600,000
Net Sale Value Rs. 8,000,000 3,200,000 4,800,000
Income (2:3 ratio) Rs. 3,000,000 1,2000,000 1,800,000

14
cfos/ lgb]{lzsf @)^^ -;+;f]lwt @)&&_ sf] ;+lIflKts/0f
l;=P= lgd{n >]i7

pbfx/0f &=%=@M dfgf}+, s'g} a}Ídf ;flgofn] ?=@)

nfv / ;lkmofn] ?=#) nfv nufgL u/L d'2lt vftf vf]n]sf /x]5g\ .
b'a}sf] nufgL ePsfn] of] /sd bkmf #) adf]lhd ;+o'Qm nufgL xf]
/ o;af6 cflh{t cfo nufgLsf] cg'kftdf k|To]ssf] cfo x'g]5 . of]
jif{ a}Ín] ;f] vftfdf ?=! nfv %) xhf/ Aofh e'QmfgL u/]sf] /x]5 .
a}Ísf] vftfdf /fv]sf] /sd b'a}sf] JolQmut lgIf]k ePsfn] To;/L k|fKt
x'g] Aofhdf clGtd¿kn] e'QmfgLdf s/ s§L x'G5 . ;f] AofhdWo] ?
=^) xhf/ ;flgofsf] tyf ?=() xhf/ ;lkmofsf] cfo dflgG5 . clGtd s/
s§Lsf] ljlwaf6 s/ nfu]sfn] lghx?n] cfkm\gf] jflif{s cfo ljj/0fdf eg]
of] cfonfO{{ ;dfj]z ug'{ kb}{g .
Example 7.5.2: Suppose, a fixed deposit has been done in any bank by contributing Rs. 20
lakhs by Sania and Rs. 30 lakhs by Safia. As both of them have investment, it is a joint
investment under section 30 of the Act and income earned through this investment will be the
income of both person in their investment ratio. The Bank has paid Rs. 1.50 lakhs interest on
the deposit. Their deposit for the bank is by natural person so tax whithhelding by the bank
will be final. Interest income of Sania will be Rs. 60,000 and Safia will be Rs. 90,000. The
interest is paid after final withholding tax so it shall not be included in their income.

Ifltk"lt{ afktsf] e'QmfgLsf] rfl/qLs/0f M

#!= aLdf afktsf] e'QmfgL nufot b]xfosf s'/fx? afkt s'g}
JolQm jf ;f] JolQmsf] ;Da4 JolQmn] s'g} Ifltk"lt{ /sd k|
fKt u/]sf]df ;f] Ifltk"lt{ afktsf] /sd k|fKt u/]sf] ;dodf
To:tf] /sd cj:yf cg';f/ /f]huf/L, Joj;fo jf nufgLaf6 ePsf]
cfosf] u0fgf ubf{ ;dfj]z ug{' kg]{5 M–
-s_ s'g} Joj;fo, /f]huf/L jf nufgLaf6 ;f] JolQmn] k|fKt
u/]sf] jf k|fKt x'g ;Sg] s'g} cfo jf ;f] cfosf]
u0fgfdf ;dfj]z x'g] s'g} /sd afktsf] Ifltk"lt{, jf
-v_ s'g} Joj;fo jf nufgLdf ;f] JolQmnfO{{ ePsf] jf x'g;Sg]
gf]S;fgL jf ;f] JolQmsf] cfosf] u0fgf ubf{ s§L x'g] vr{
/sd afktsf] Ifltk"lt{ .
t/,
-!_ afl;Gbf k|fs[lts JolQmsf] JolQmut b'3{6gfaf6 ePsf]
zf/Ll/s Iflt afktsf] Ifltk"lt{ e'QmfgL /sd cfodf ;dfj]z
ug'{kg]{ 5}g / To:tf] b'3{6gfaf6 ePsf] Ifltsf] pkrf/df
nfu]sf] vr{ bkmf %! adf]lhd s/ ldnfg bfaL ug{ kfpg]
5}g .

15
cfos/ lgb]{lzsf @)^^ -;+;f]lwt @)&&_ sf] ;+lIflKts/0f
l;=P= lgd{n >]i7

-@_ k|fs[lts JolQmsf] d[To' afkt k|fKt x'g] Ifltk"lt{sf]

/sd cfodf ;dfj]z ug'{ kg]{ 5}g .

cfo;Fu ;DalGwt Ifltk"lt{

d'gfkmfsf] gf]S;fgL afktsf] Ifltk'lt{ (Loss of
Profit)
cfDbfgLsf] gf]S;fg eP afktsf] Ifltk"lt{ (Loss
of income)

vr{ s§L;Fu ;DalGwt Ifltk"lt{

s§L x'g] vr{sf] Ifltk"lt{ (Loss of deductible expenses)
;DklQ afktsf] Ifltk"lt{ (Loss of assets -Trading stock, Depreciable assets
or Business assets or non-business chargeable assets)

pbfx/0f &=^=!M dfgf}+, s'df/ sDkgL k|f=ln=n] sk8fsf]

Joj;fo ug]{ u/]sf] /x]5 . pQm sDkgLsf] uf]bfddf ldlt @)^%.#.@)
df cfuf] nfu]sf] sf/0fn] ubf{ Stock df /x]sf] ?=% nfv d"No a/fa/sf]
sk8f hn]/ gi6 ePsf] /x]5 . sDkgLn] pQm uf]bfdsf] aLdf u/]sf]
aLdf sDkgL ;dIf ldlt @)^%.#.@@ df aLdf bfaL u/]sf] /x]5 . t/
bfaL u/]sf] /sd ldlt @)^%.!).@) df dfq} k|fKt u¥of] eg] o;
cj:yfdf Jofkf/ df}Hbft (Trading Stock) afkt ePsf] gf]S;fgLnfO{{ cfly{s
jif{ @)^$.^% df P]gsf] bkmf !% cg';f/ vr{ bfaL ug'{ kb{5 /
aLdf bfaL afkt k|fKt u/]sf] /sd eg] cf=j=@)^%.^^ df dfq} k|
fKt u/]sf] -jf k|fKt ug]{ clwsf/ l;h{gf ePsf]_ x'Fbf ;f]xL k|fKt
u/]sf] cf=j=cyf{t cf=j=@)^%.^^ df P]gsf] bkmf #! adf]lhd
cfodf ;dfj]z ug'{ kb{5 .
Example 7.6.1: Suppose, Kumar Company Pvt. Ltd. does business of cloths. The fire
occurred in godwon of the company on 2065/03/20 and stock of Rs. 5 lakhs was fired
completely. The company has filed insurance claim with Insurance company on 2065/03/22.
But, the claim amount received only on 2065/10/20. In this case, the loss in trading stock due
to fire shall be claimed as expenses under section 15 of the Act in FY 2064/65 and insurance
claim is received (or right to receive) in FY 2065/66 so will be books as income in FY
2065/66 as per section 31 of the Act.

pbfx/0f &=^=@M dfgf}+, dfly pbfx/0f &=^=! df pNn]v

ul/Psf] s'df/ sDkgL k|f=ln= df cfuf] nfUbf pQm sDkgLdf ePsf
kmlg{r/ tyf sfof{no pks/0f klg hn]/ gi6 ePsf /x]5g\ . lgh
sDkgLn] pQm kmlg{r/ / sfof{no pks/0fsf] gf]S;fgL afkt aLdf

16
cfos/ lgb]{lzsf @)^^ -;+;f]lwt @)&&_ sf] ;+lIflKts/0f
l;=P= lgd{n >]i7

sDkgL;Fu ldlt @)^%.#.@@ df aLdf bfaL u/]sf] / aLdf bfaL afkt

ldlt @)^%.!).@) df /sd k|fKt u/]sf] /x]5 . ;f] jif{sf]
cGtdf ;f] ;d"xsf] ;DklQsf] x|f; cfwf/ ?=%,)),))) /x]5 / sDkgLn]
aLdf sDkgL;Fu ePsf] Insurance Policy cg';f/ ?=^,)),))) aLdf bfaL
u/]sf] /x]5 / aLdf bfaL u/]sf] /sddWo] ?=%,)),))) dfq} ldlt @)^
%.!).@) df k|fKt u/]sf] /x]5 eg] cf=j=@)^$.^% df s/ k|of]hgsf]
nflu lgDgfg';f/ tl/sfn] n]vfÍg ug'{ kb{5 .
cf=j=@)^$.^% df
kmlg{r/ / sfof{no ;fdfgsf] -;d'x “v”_ sf] x|f; ?=%,)),)))
cfwf/
x|f; vr{ -@% k|ltztn]_ ?=!,@%,)))
csf]{ jif{nfO{{ ;g]{ x|f; cfwf/ ?=#,&%,)))
cf=j=@)^%.^^ df
z'?sf] x|f; cfwf/ ?=#,&%,)))
ladf bfaL /sd k|fKt ?= %)),)))
x|f;of]Uo ;DklQsf] lg;u{af6 k|fKt nfe - ?=!,@%,)))
cfodf ;dfj]z x'g]_

Example 7.6.2: Suppose, in example 7.6.1, when fire occurred in Kumar Company Pvt. Ltd.,
the furniture and office equipments were also fired completely. The company has files
insurance calim with insurance company on 2065/03/22 and has received claim on
2065/10/20. The depreciation base of the company at the year end in that pool is Rs. 500,000
and company has claimed for Rs. 600,000 as per insurance policy but received only Rs.
500,000 on 2065/10/20. The company has to account this transaction for tax purpose as
below:
In FY 2064/65
Depreciation base of Furnoture and Office Equipments (Pool B) Rs. 500,000
Depreciation expense (@25%) Rs. 125,000
Depreciation base carried forward for next year Rs. 375,000
In FY 2065/66
Opening Depreciation base Rs. 375,000
Amount received from Insruance claim Rs. 500,000
Gain from the disposal of depreciable assets (include in income) Rs. 125,000

pbfx/0f &=^=#M dfgf}+, dfly pbfx/0f &=^=! df pNn]v

ul/Psf] s'df/ sDkgL k|f=ln=df cfuf] nfUbf pQm sDkgLdf ePsf
kmlg{r/ tyf sfof{no pks/0fdWo] ?=$,%),))) lstfaL d"Nosf]
kmlg{r/ tyf sfof{no pks/0f hn]/ gi6 ePsf /x]5g\ . ;f] sDkgLn]
pQm kmlg{r/ / sfof{no pks/0fsf] gf]S;fgL afkt aLdf sDkgL;Fu
ldlt @)^%.#.@@ df aLdf bfaL u/]sf] / aLdf bfaL afkt ldlt @)^
17
cfos/ lgb]{lzsf @)^^ -;+;f]lwt @)&&_ sf] ;+lIflKts/0f
l;=P= lgd{n >]i7

%.!).@) df /sd k|fKt u/]sf] /x]5 . ;f] jif{sf]

cGtdf ;f] ;d'xsf] ;DklQsf] s'n x|f; cfwf/ ?=%,)),))) /x]5 / sDkgLn]
aLdf sDkgL;Fu ?=^,)),))) aLdf bfaL u/]sf] /x]5 . aLdf bfaL u/]sf]
/sddWo] ?=#,%),))) dfq} ldlt @)^%.!).@) df k|fKt u/]sf] /x]5
eg] cf=j=@)^$.^% / cf=j=@)^%.^^ df s/ k|of]hgsf] nflu
lgDg tl/sfn] n]vfÍg ug'{ kb{5 M
cf=j= @)^$.^% df
kmlg{r/ / sfof{no ;fdfgsf] -;d'x “v”_ sf] x|f; cfwf/ ?=%,)),)))
x|f; vr{ @% k|ltztn] -;d"x k'/} lgM;u{ gePsfn]_ ?=!,@%,)))
csf]{ jif{nfO{{ ;g]{ x|f; cfwf/ ?=#,&%,)))
cf=j= @)^^%.^^ df
z'?sf] x|f; cfwf/ ?=#,&%,)))
Go"gM aLdf bfaL k|flKt ?=#,%),)))
jif{sf] cGtdf /x]sf] x|f; cfwf/ ?=@%,)))

Example 7.6.3: Suppose, in example 7.6.1, when fire occurred in Kumar Company Pvt. Ltd.,
the furniture and office equipments having book value of Rs. 450,000 were also fired
completely. The company has files insurance calim with insurance company on 2065/03/22
and has received claim on 2065/10/20. The depreciation base of the company at the year end
in that pool is Rs. 500,000 and company has claimed for Rs. 600,000 as per insurance policy
but received only Rs. 350,000 on 2065/10/20. The company has to account this transaction
for tax purpose as below:
In FY 2064/65
Depreciation base of Furnoture and Office Equipments (Pool B) Rs. 500,000
Depreciation expense (@25%) Rs. 125,000
Depreciation base carried forward for next year Rs. 375,000
In FY 2065/66
Opening Depreciation base Rs. 375,000
Amount received from Insruance claim Rs. 350,000
Depreciation base at the end of Year Rs. 25,000

jflif{s j[lQ, ls:tfaGbL laqmL / ljQLo k§f cGtu{tsf

e'QmfgLsf] rfl/qLs/0fM
#@-!_jflif{s j[lQ jf ls:tfaGbL laqmL cGtu{t ;DklQ k|fKt
ug]{ JolQmaf6 jf ljQLo k§f cGtu{t s'g} ;DklQsf] k|
of]u afkt s'g} JolQmnfO{{ ul/Psf]
e'QmfgLnfO{{ o; bkmf adf]lhd C0f bfaL cGtu{t
Aofh / k'FhL lkmtf{ ;/x Jojxf/ ug{' kg]{5 .

18
cfos/ lgb]{lzsf @)^^ -;+;f]lwt @)&&_ sf] ;+lIflKts/0f
l;=P= lgd{n >]i7

#@-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf ;a} e'QmfgLx?

nfO{{ Psd'i6 u0fgf u/L ;f]sf] s'n of]unfO{{ b]xfo
adf]lhd b'O{ efudf ljefhg ug{' kg]{5 M–
-s_ cfjZostf cg';f/ jflif{s j[lQ afktsf ;a} e'QmfgL
jf s'g} ;DklQ ls:tfaGbL laqmL ubf{ jf k§fdf
lbFbfsf] ;dodf ;f] ;DklQsf] ahf/ d"No a/fa/
x'g] k'FhLut efu, /
-v_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf ;a} e'QmfgLx?sf] s'n
of]uaf6 k'FhLut efu 36fpFbf x'g cfpg] Aofh
efu .
#@-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd jflif{s j[lQ, ls:tfaGbL
laqmL jf ljQLo k§f lbFbfsf] ;dodfg} ls:tfaGbL
lgwf{/0f ubf{ :ki6¿kdf k'FhLsf] efu / Aofhsf] efu
5'6\ofO{ s'n e'QmfgL tflnsf pknAw u/fpg' kg]
{5 . ;f] adf]lhdsf] tflnsf pknAw u/fpg g;Sg]n]
Aofh / k'FhLut efux?nfO{{ jflif{s j[lQ, ls:tfaGbL
laqmL jf ljQLo k§fnfO{{ 5÷5 dlxgfdf hf]8\b}
nlug] Aofh ;lxtsf] ldl>t C0f ;/x dfgL pkbkmf -!_
adf]lhdsf e'QmfgLx?df ljefhg ug{' kg]{5 .
#@-$_ ldl>t C0f dfgL pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ul/g]
e'QmfgLsf] C0fsf] cjlwe/ Aofhsf] b/ Pp6} x'g]u/L
k|To]s e'QmfgLsf] ;dodf a'emfpg afFsL ;fFjf -
k'FhL_ df Aofhsf] c+z lx;fa u/L C0fLn]
cf+lzs¿kdf ;fFjf / cf+lzs¿kdf Aofhsf] e'QmfgL ug'{
kg]{5 .
#@-%_ o; bkmf adf]lhd ljQLo k§f cGtu{t k§f
ubf{ b]xfosf zt{ k"/f ug'{' kg]{5 .
#@-%_-s_ k§f ;Demf}tfdf k§fsf] axfnL
cjlw ;lsPkl5 :jfldTjsf] x:tfGt/0f ul/g] jf k§f lng]
JolQmn] k§fsf] cjlw ;dfKt ePkl5 lglZrt jf
k"jf{g'dflgt d"Nodf ;f] ;DklQ vl/b ug{ kfpg]
ljsNksf] Joj:yf ePsf],

pbfx/0f &=&=!M dfgf}+, XYZ Co. n] YZ Co. af6 jflif{s ?= !) nfv

ef8f ltg]{ u/L Excavator kfFr jif{sf] nflu ef8fdf lnPsf] /x]5 / ef8f
cjlw ;dfKt ePkl5 lgh XYZ Co. n] ?=@) nfvdf vl/b ug{ ;Sg] ljsNk
/x]sf] s'/f ;Demf}tfdf :ki6 ¿kdf pNn]v u/]sf] /x]5 eg] o; k|
19
cfos/ lgb]{lzsf @)^^ -;+;f]lwt @)&&_ sf] ;+lIflKts/0f
l;=P= lgd{n >]i7

fjwfgdf lnhdf lnPsf] ;DklQ lnh ;dosf] ;dflKtkl5 lglZrt d"No ?=@)
nfvdf vl/b ug{ ;Sg] ljsNk /x]sf] x'Fbf XYZ Co. / YZ Co. aLr ef8fdf
d]l;g lng] k|aGw (Arrangement) ljQLo k§f xf] .
Example 7.7.1: Suppose, XYZ Co. has taken Excavator in rent from YZ Co. for Rs. 10 lakhs
per annum for 5 years and there has been a clear provision in the contract that XYZ Co. can
buy that Excavator for Rs. 20 lakhs at the end of contract period of rent. As there has been a
clause that the tenant can buy the rented assets at certain price Rs. 20 lakhs at the end of rent
period, this arrangement of rent between XYZ Co. & YZ Co. is finance lease.

#@-%_-v_ k§fsf] cjlw ;f] ;DklQsf] pkof]uL cfo'sf]

krxQ/ k|ltzt eGbf a9L ePsf],
#@-%_-u_ k§fsf] cjlw ;dfKt ePkl5 ;f] ;DklQsf] cg'dflgt
ahf/ d"No k§fsf] k|f/Dedf /x]sf] ;f] ;DklQsf] ahf/
d"Nosf] aL; k|ltzt eGbf sd ePsf],
pbfx/0f &=&=@M dfgf}+, YB & Co. n] BY Co. ;Fu s'g} Ps d]l;g ?
=!,)),))) jflif{s ls:tf a'emfpg] u/L % jif{sf] nflu k§fdf lnPsf]
/x]5 . k§f lnFbfsf cj:yfdf pQm d]l;gsf] ahf/ d"No ?=@) nfv
lyof] . pQm d]l;g % jif{sf] ;dflKtkl5 laqmL ug]{ xf] eg] cg'dflgt
ahf/ d"No ?=@ nfv kb{5 eg] o; cj:yfdf d]l;gsf] cg'dflgt ahf/
d"No !) k|ltzt ePsf] x'Fbf -@ nfv÷@) nfv x !))_ tf]lsPsf] @) k|
ltzteGbf sd ePsf] sf/0f o;nfO{{ klg ljlQo k§f dflgG5 .
Example 7.7.2: Suppose, YB & Co. has taken machine in lease from BY Co. for Rs. 1 lakhs
per annum for 5 years. The market value of the machine at the time of lease taken was Rs. 20
lakhs. If that machine is sold after 5 years then expected market value will be Rs. 2 lakhs. In
this case, the expected market value of machine 10% (Rs. 2 lakhs/Rs. 20 lakhs) which is less
than prescribed 20% so the lease is finance lease.

#@-%_-3_ ;DklQsf] pkof]uL cfo'sf] clGtd kRrL; k|ltzt

cfo' eGbf cufj} k|f/De x'g] k§fsf] xsdf Go"gtd k§f
e'QmfgLsf] jt{dfg d"No k§fsf] cjlw k|f/De x'Fbfsf]
;dodf ;f] ;DklQsf] ahf/ d"Nosf] gAa] k|ltzt a/fa/
jf ;f]eGbf a9L ePsf], jf
pbfx/0f &=&=#M dfgf}+, s'g} Ps ;DklQsf] pkof]uL cfo' @)
jif{ /x]5 . pko'{Qm ;DklQ !% jif{sf] cjlwleq g} ldlt @)^^.!).!
df k§fdf pknAw u/fPsf] tyf ;f] ;dodf o;sf] ahf/ d"No ?=!),))) /x]5
. k|rlnt Aofh b/ !) k|ltzt /x]5, k§f cjlw % jif{ tyf jif{ ;dfKt ePkl5
ltl/g] ls:tf ?=@,%)) /x]5 eg] lgDgfg';f/ % jif{sf] Discounted Value ?=(,
$&& -?=!),))) sf] () k|ltzteGbf a9L_ ePsf] x'Fbf ;f] Transaction
nfO{{ ljQLo k§f dflgG5 .
20
cfos/ lgb]{lzsf @)^^ -;+;f]lwt @)&&_ sf] ;+lIflKts/0f
l;=P= lgd{n >]i7

jif{ ls:tf Discount l8:sfp06]8

factor
/sd ?= d"No ?=
! @,%)) )=()(! @,@&#
@ @,%)) )=*@^$ @,)^^
# @,%)) )=&%!# !,*&*
$ @,%)) )=^*#) !,&)*
% @,%)) )=^@)( !,%%@
!@,%)) (,$&&

Example 7.7.3: Suppose, an assets has a useful life of 20 years. Within 15 years of purchase
of that machinery, it has been made available for lease on 2066/10/01 and at that time the
market value of that asset was Rs. 10,000. The prevailing interest rate iss 10%, lease period is
for 5 years and lease installment is rs. 2,500 to be paid at the end of each year. The five years’
discounted value of the lease is Rs. 9,477 as belwo which is more than prescribed minimum
limit of 90% so the transaction is finance lease.
Year Installment Discount Discounted
Rs. factor Value Rs.
1 2,500 0.9091 2,273
2 2,500 0.8264 2,066
3 2,500 0.7513 1,878
4 2,500 0.6830 1,708
5 2,500 0.6209 1,552
12,500 9,477

#@-%_-ª_ k§f lng] JolQmsf] nflu ljz]if lsl;dn] tof/

ul/Psf] ;DklQ / k§fsf] cjlw ;dfKt ePkl5 ;f] ;DklQ k§f
lng] JolQmnfO{{ afx]s cGo s'g}
JolQmnfO{{ Jojxfl/s k|of]u gx'g] ePsf] .
#@-^_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] k|To]s
e'QmfgLnfO{{ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd b'O{ efux?df
ljefhg ul/g]5 / C0f bfaL cGtu{t Aofh
efunfO{{ a'emfPsf] jf a'emfpg] Aofhsf] ¿kdf /
k'FhLut efunfO{{ k'FhLsf] lkmtf{sf] ¿kdf Jojxf/
ug{' kg]{5 .
#@-&_ ljQLo k§f cGtu{t k§f lng] JolQmnfO{{ k§f
ul/Psf] ;DklQsf] :jfldTj ePsf] JolQm ;/x dflgg]5 / k§f
lbg] JolQmsf] k§f lng] JolQm dfly C0f bfaL ;/x
dflgg]5 .

21
cfos/ lgb]{lzsf @)^^ -;+;f]lwt @)&&_ sf] ;+lIflKts/0f
l;=P= lgd{n >]i7

#@-*_ k§f e'QmfgLsf] jt{dfg d"NonfO{{ ;fdfGo

Aofhb/ a/fa/sf] 5'6 -l8isfp06_ b/ k|of]u u/L u0fgf
ug'{ kg]{5 .
:ki6Ls/0fM æk§fsf] cjlwÆ eGgfn] k§f lng] JolQmn]
k§f gjLs/0f u/fpg kfpg] cltl/Qm
cjlw ;d]tnfO{{ ;Demg' k5{ .

pbfx/0f &=&=$M dfgf}+, Aban Construction Company Pvt. Ltd. Pp6f

lgdf{0f sDkgL /x]5 . pQm k|f=ln=n] klxnf] jif{ Heavy Duty cy{d'ljª
d]l;g jflif{s ?=% nfv ef8f ltg]{ u/L Zircon Exim Pvt. Ltd. af6 % jif{sf]
nflu ef8fdf lnPsf /x]5g\ . % cf}+ jif{sf] cGTodf Aban Construction
Company Pvt. Ltd. n] pQm d]l;g ?=#),)),))) df vl/b ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf
/x]5 . plNnlvt Joj:yfsf cfwf/df Aban Construction Company Pvt. Ltd.
nfO{{ lnh ;dosf] cGTodf jf ;dfKt ePkl5 lglZrt /sd ?=#) nfvdf
vl/b ug]{ ljsNksf] Joj:yf ePsf] x'Fbf o:tf] ;Demf}tf jf
s/f/nfO{{ P]gsf] bkmf #@ sf] pkbkmf -%_ sf] v08 -s_ adf]lhd
ljQLo k§f (Finance Lease) eg]/ elgG5 . t;y{ o:tf] k§fnfO{{ laqmL
dflgg] x'Fbf Aban Construction Company Pvt. Ltd. pQm ef8fdf lnPsf] d]l;gsf]
dflns (Owner) / ef8fdf lbg] Zircon Exim Pvt. Ltd. (Lessor) C0f bfaL ug]
{ JolQm dflgG5 . t;y{ o:tf] cj:yfdf P]gsf] bkmf #@ nfu" x'g]
cj:yf ePsf] x'Fbf k§f cGtu{t ltl/g] ef8f e'QmfgL /sdnfO{{ C0f
bfloTj cGtu{t k'FhLsf] lkmtf{ / Aofh e'QmfgL u/L ef8f
/sdnfO{{ k'gM rfl/qLs/0f ug'{ kb{5 .
ef8f /sdnfO{{ k'gM rfl/qLs/0f ug]{ qmddf k§f cGtu{t
ul/g] ;Dk"0f{ e'QmfgL / k§fsf] ;dflKt;Fu} d]l;gsf] nflu ltl/g]
lglZrt d"NonfO{{ Psd'i7 e'QmfgL dfgL P]gsf] bkmf #@ sf]
pkbkmf -@_ cg';f/ k'FhLsf] / Aofhsf] efu u/L 5'§ofpg' kb{5 .
o;/L Psd'i7 /sd ?=%% nfv -?=#) nfv ± ?=@% nfv_ df k'FhLsf]
efu eg]sf] d]l;gsf] ahf/ d"No / afFsL efu Aofh xf] . dfgf}+,
d]l;gsf] ahf/ d"No ?=#% nfv 5 eg] ?=@) nfv Aofhsf] efu x'g
cfpF5 . o;/L P]gsf] bkmf #@ sf] pkbkmf -#_ cg';f/ x/]s k§f
e'QmfgLnfO{{ k'FhLut efu / Aofh efu lgDgfg';f/ 5'6\ofpg' kb{5
.
jif{ ;'? ;fFjf hDdf Aofhsf ;fFjfsf] ;fFjf
?= e'Qmf ] c+z ? c+z ?= afFsL ?
gL ?= = =
1 35,00,000 5,00,000 4,21,356 78,644 34,21,356

22
cfos/ lgb]{lzsf @)^^ -;+;f]lwt @)&&_ sf] ;+lIflKts/0f
l;=P= lgd{n >]i7

2 34,21,356 5,00,000 4,11,888 88,112 33,33,244

3 33,33,244 5,00,000 4,01,280 98,720 32,34,524
4 32,34,524 5,00,000 3,89,396 1,10,604 31,23,920
5 31,23,920 35,00,000 3,76,080 31,23,920 -
20,00,000 35,00,000
Aofh b/ pknAw gePsf]n] of] Aofh u0fgf PVIF Table df cfwfl/t ePsfn]
Simulation t/Lsfaf6 u0fgf ul/Psf] -!@=)$ k|ltzt_ 5 . kfFrf}+ jif{sf]
e'QmfgLdf jflif{s ef8fdf yk ?=#) nfv ;dfj]z u/L ;f] d]l;g Aban
Construction Company Pvt. Ltd. n] vl/b ug{ kfpg] x'g' kb{5 .
o;/L o; pbfx/0fdf pNn]v ul/P adf]lhdsf] Aofhsf] efudf e'QmfgLsf
cj:yfdf e'QmfgLdf s/ s§f ug'{ kb{5 / Aban Construction Company Pvt. Ltd. n]
pQm Aofh efunfO{{ P]gsf] bkmf !$ cg';f/ vr{ bfaL ug{ kfpF5 .
dfly pNn]v ul/P cg';f/ Aban Construction Company Pvt. Ltd. n] P]gsf] bkmf
#@ sf] pkbkmf -&_ cg';f/ d]l;g lnh z'? x'Fbf s} cj:yfdf vl/b
u/] ;/x dflgg] x'Fbf bkmf $@ v08 -v_ cg';f/ pQm d]l;gsf] ahf/
d"No e'QmfgL u/] ;/x dflgG5 . t;y{ dfgf}+ pQm d]l;gsf] vl/b
d"No ?=#% nfv Aban Construction Company Pvt. Ltd. sf] nflu Outgoing x'g
cfpF5 . ;DklQsf] dflnssf] x}l;otn] Aban Construction Company Pvt. Ltd. n]
k§f z'? x'Fbfsf cj:yf b]lvg} x|f; vr{ bfaL ug{ kfpFb5 . lnh /sd
e'QmfgL ubf{ k'FhLut efu C0f bfaL cGtu{t e'QmfgL u/]sf]
dflgG5 . k§f cjlwsf] ;dflKt;Fu bfloTjsf] e'QmfgL klg ;lsg] x'Fbf
C0f bfloTjsf] lg;{uaf6 s'g} klg nfe÷xfgL (Gain/Loss) x'Fb}g .
Example 7.7.4: Suppose, Aban Construction Company Pvt. Ltd. is a construction company. The
company has leased Heavy Duty Earth Moving machine from Zircon Exim Pvt. Ltd. for Rs. 5 lakhs
rent per year for a period of 5 years. At the end of 5 th year, there has been a provision that Aban can
buy the machine for Rs. 30 lakhs. As there has been option for the Aban Company to buy the machine
at the end of lease period for ascertained amount of Rs. 30 lakhs, the contract is financial lease under
para. (a) of section 32(5) of the Act. Thus, this type of lease is assumed to be sale, Aban Construction
Company is owner of the machine and Zircon Exim company is a person providing a loan. As section
32 of the Act is applicable in this case, the payment of rent under the lease agreement shall be re-
characterized as segregation of repayment of principal and payment of interest.
In the process of re-characterizing rental amount, the whole payment under the lease and ascertained
amount paid at the end of lease period shall be segregated as payment of principal and repayment of
interest under section 32(2) of the Act. In total payment of Rs. 55 lakhs (Rs. 30 lakhs+ Rs. 25 lakhs),
the repayment of principal will be the market value of machine and remaining will be interest.
Suppose, the market value of machine is Rs. 35 lakhs then remaining Rs. 25 lakhs will be interest.
Thus, for each payment of lease, the portion of principal and interest must be segregated as below as
per section 32(3) of the Act:
Year Opening Total Interest Principal Principal
Principal Payment Rs. Portion Rs. Portion Rs. Outstanding
Rs. Rs.
1 35,00,000 5,00,000 4,21,356 78,644 34,21,356
2 34,21,356 5,00,000 4,11,888 88,112 33,33,244
3 33,33,244 5,00,000 4,01,280 98,720 32,34,524

23
cfos/ lgb]{lzsf @)^^ -;+;f]lwt @)&&_ sf] ;+lIflKts/0f
l;=P= lgd{n >]i7

4 32,34,524 5,00,000 3,89,396 1,10,604 31,23,920

5 31,23,920 35,00,000 3,76,080 31,23,920 -
20,00,000 35,00,000
Interest rate is not available thus interest rate has been derived as 12.04% through simulation of PVIF
table. At the end of lease period, the term should provide Aban Construction company the right to buy
the machine at Rs. 30 lakhs in addition to annual rent.
In this example, the tax must be withheld at the time of payment of interest and Aban Constuction
company ycan claim interest expenses under section 14 of the Act.
As mentioned above, as per section 32(7) of the Act, it is assumed that Aban Construction has
purchased the machinery at the time of start of lease period, so the market value of the machine is
assumed to be paid under spara (b) of section 42. Suppose, purchase value of machine Rs, 35 lakhs
will be outgoing for Aban Construction Company. As it is the owner of the machine, it can claim
depreciation allowance of the machine from the start of the lease period. The principal portion shall be
the repayment of loan while making lease installment. On completion of the lease period, the loan will
be fully settled so there will be no gain/loss in disposal of loan liability.

pbfx/0f &=&=%M dfgf}+, Aban Construction Company Pvt. Ltd. Pp6f

lgdf{0f sDkgL /x]5 . pQm k|f=ln=n] Heavy Duty cy{d'ljª d]l;g
jif{sf] z'?df ltl/g] jflif{s ?=!) nfv ls:tf % jif{;Dd ltg]{ u/L Zircon
Exim Pvt. Ltd. af6 @)^^.!).! df vl/b u/]sf] /x]5 . o:tf] lsl;dsf]
ls:tfaGbL laqmLdf P]gsf] bkmf #@ cfsif{0f x'G5 . o; cj:yfdf
P]gsf] bkmf #@ sf] pkbkmf -*_ adf]lhd ;fdfGo Aofh b/ k|of]u
u/L s'n d"NonfO{{ Dicounting u/L k§fsf] e'QmfgLsf] jt{dfg d"No
cyf{t ;fFjf lgDgfg';f/ u0fgf ug'{ kb{5 .
jif{ ls:tf ?= Discount Factor Discounted Value ?
=
1 1,000,000 1=00000 10,00,000=00
2 1,000,000 0=90909 9,09,090=91
3 1,000,000 0=82645 8,26,446=28
4 1,000,000 0=75131 7,51,314=80
5 1,000,000 0=68301 6,83,013=46
hDdf 5,000,000 41,69,865=45
s'n e'QmfgL ?= 50,00,000
;fFjf -k§fsf] e'QmfgLsf] jt{dfg 41,69,865=45
d"No_ ?=
Aofhsf] c+z ?= 8,30,134=55
pko'{Qm sf/f]af/sf] ;fFjf lkmtf{ / Aofhsf] c+z lgDgfg';f/ x'G5 M
jif{sf] ;'? ;fFj hDdf Aofhsf ;fFjfsf] ;fFjf
z'? f ?= e'Qmfg ] c+z ? c+z ?= afFsL ?
L ?= = =
1 41,69,865.45 10,00,000 10,00,000 31,69,865.45

2 31,69,865.45 10,00,000 3,16,986.54 6,83,013.46 24,86,851.99

24
cfos/ lgb]{lzsf @)^^ -;+;f]lwt @)&&_ sf] ;+lIflKts/0f
l;=P= lgd{n >]i7
3 24,86,851.99 10,00,000 2,48,685.20 7,51,314.801 17,35,537.19
4 17,35,537.19 10,00,000 1,73,553.72 8,26,446.28 9,09,090.91
5 9,09,090.91 10,00,000 90,909.09 9,09,090.91 0.00
50,00,000 8,30,124.55 41,69,865.45

Example 7.7.5: Suppose, Aban Construction Company Pvt. Ltd. is a construction company. The
company has purchased Heavy Duty Earth Moving machine from Zircon Exim Pvt. Ltd. for Rs. 10
lakhs rent per year for a period of 5 years on 2066/10/01. In such type of installment sale, section 32
of the Act will be attracted. In this type of installment sale, total payment will be discounted as per the
section 32(8) of the Act using normal interest rate in order to derive the present value as below:
Year Installment Rs. Discount Factor Discounted Value
Rs.
1 1,000,000 1.00000 10,00,000=00
2 1,000,000 0.90909 9,09,090=91
3 1,000,000 0.82645 8,26,446=28
4 1,000,000 0.75131 7,51,314=80
5 1,000,000 0.68301 6,83,013=46
Total 5,000,000 41,69,865.45
Total Payment Rs. 50,00,000
Principal (Present value of total Pyament) Rs. 41,69,865.45
Interest Portion Rs. 8,30,134.55

The repayment of principal and payment of interest of the above transaction will be as below:
Year Initial Total Interest Principal Outstanding
Principal Rs. Payment Rs. Portion Rs. Portion Rs. Balance Rs.
1 41,69,865.45 10,00,000 10,00,000 31,69,865.45
2 31,69,865.45 10,00,000 3,16,986.54 6,83,013.46 24,86,851.99
3 24,86,851.99 10,00,000 2,48,685.20 7,51,314.801 17,35,537.19
4 17,35,537.19 10,00,000 1,73,553.72 8,26,446.28 9,09,090.91
5 9,09,090.91 10,00,000 90,909.09 9,09,090.91 0.00
50,00,000 8,30,124.55 41,69,865.45

;Da4 JolQmx?aLr d"No x:tfGt/0f -6«fG;km/ k|fOl;Ë_ /

cGo k|aGwx?
“;Da4 JolQm” eGgfn] Ps csf{ JolQmsf] dg;fo cg';f/ sfd
ug]{ Ps jf PseGbf a9L JolQm jf To:tf JolQmx?
sf] ;d"x ;Demg'kb{5 / ;f] zAbn] b]xfosf JolQmx?
nfO{{ klg hgfpF5 M
-s_ k|fs[lts JolQm / ;f] JolQmsf] gft]bf/ jf s'g} JolQm
jf ;f] JolQmsf] ;fem]bf/,
-v_ ljb]zL :yfoL ;+:yfkg / ;f] ;+:yfkgdf :jfldTj ePsf]
JolQm, /

25
cfos/ lgb]{lzsf @)^^ -;+;f]lwt @)&&_ sf] ;+lIflKts/0f
l;=P= lgd{n >]i7

-u_ s'g} lgsfo cfkm} jf cfk"m;Fu ;DalGwt cGo JolQm

jf ;xof]uL lgsfo jf To:tf ;xof]uL lgsfo;Fu ;DalGwt cGo
s'g} JolQm jf lgsfo;Fu ldn]/ s'g} lgsfosf] cfo, k'FhL
jf dtflwsf/sf] krf; k|ltzt jf ;f]eGbf a9L lx:;f lgoGq0f
ug]{ jf ;f]af6 kmfObf k|fKt ug]{ lgsfo .
t/ b]xfosf JolQm ;Da4 JolQm x'g] 5}g M–
-c_ sd{rf/L,
-cf_ ljefun] ;Da4 JolQm xf]Og egL tf]s]sf] JolQm .

d"No x:tfGt/0f (Transfer Pricing)

pbfx/0f &=*=!M dfgf}+, sDkgL ABC Global Incorporated Ps ljb]zL
sDkgL xf] . ;f]sf] g]kfndf ABC (Nepal) Pvt. Ltd. gfdsf] Ps Subsidiary
sDkgL /x]5 . pQm k|f=ln= ABC Global Incorporated sf] ;Da4 sDkgL
dflgG5 . o:tf] ;Da4 ;f] lgsfosf] Subsidiary sDkgL
geO{ g]kfndf :yflkt zfvf jf ljb]zL :yfoL ;+:yfkg klg x'g ;Sb5 .
Example 7.8.1: Suppose, ABC Global Incorporated is a foreign company. It has ABC Nepal
Pvt. Ltd. as subsidiary in Nepal. The private company in Nepal is a related company of ABC
Global Incorporated. The related company may be not only subsidiary but also any branch or
foreign permanent establishment in Nepal.

pbfx/0f &=*=@M dfgf}+, ABC (Nepal) Pvt. Ltd. n] ABC Global Incorporated
af6 sRrf kbfy{ vl/b ub{5 / ;fy} cfkm\gf] pTkfbg ljb]zdf lgof{t
ub{5 . pQm k|f=ln=n] ug]{ clwsf+z pTkfbg ABC Global Incorporated
n] jf lghsf] ;Da4 sDkgLn] g} vl/b ub{5 jf d'Vo ljt/ssf ¿kdf sfd
ub{5 . o;nfO{{ k|aGw jf Joj:yf (Arrangement) elgG5 .
Example 7.8.2: Suppose, ABC Nepal Pvt. Ltd. buys raw materials from ABC Global
Incorporated and exports its production in foreign country. The major production of ABC
Nepal Pvt. Ltd. is purchased by ABC Global Incorporated or its related company or act as a
main distributor. This is assumed to have made arrangement.

pbfx/0f &=*=#M dfgf}+, o:tf] l:yltdf sRrf kbfy{ vl/b–laqmL

ubf{ jf pTkflbt a:t' vl/b laqmL ubf{ ABC (Nepal) Pvt. Ltd. n] u/]sf] jf
kfPsf] e'QmfgL ;fdfGo ahf/ Jojxf/ (Arms' Length Dealing) df cfwfl/t ahf/
d"No cg';f/ geO{ 36L–a9L ePdf d"No x:tfGt/0f (Transfer Pricing) sf]
k|aGw (Arrangement) ePsf] dflgG5 . cyf{t\ ;f]xL sRrf kbfy{ s'g} t];|
f] JolQm;Fu vl/b u/]sf] eP ltg'{kg]{ d"No jf pTkflbt j:t' t];|f]
JolQmnfO{{ laqmL u/]sf] eP kfpg' kg]{ d"No km/s x'g] eP o:tf]
km/s /sd a/fa/ d"No x:tfGt/0f u/]sf] dflgG5 .

26
cfos/ lgb]{lzsf @)^^ -;+;f]lwt @)&&_ sf] ;+lIflKts/0f
l;=P= lgd{n >]i7

Example 7.8.3: Suppose, if purchase of raw materials or sale of produced goods in this case
is not in a market value based on an arm’s length dealing but in high or low value then this is
assumed to arrangement of transfer pricing. The price, if the raw materials were purchased
from third party or the price, if the produced goods were sold to third party is different then
such difference amount shal be assumed to transfer price.

pbfx/0f &=*=$M To:t} u/L s'g} cGt/f{li6«o 7]s]bf/n] g]kfndf

lgdf{0f, h8fg sfo{ ubf{ ljb]zl:yt cfkm\g} ;Da4 JolQmaf6
pks/0fx? vl/b u/L e'QmfgL ub{5 / o:tf] e'QmfgL ;f]xL ljb]zL
ahf/df k|rlnt d"NoeGbf 36L jf a9L 5 eg] gfkmf 36fpg jf a9fpg
(Profit Transfer) ;f] 7]s]bf/sf] :yfoL ;+:yfkgn] cfkm\gf] d'Vo sfof{nosf
(Head Office) ;fy d"No x:tfGt/0fsf] Jojxf/ u/]sf] dfGg'kb{5 .
Example 7.8.4: Suppose, an International Contractor purachses and pays equipments from
related company in foreign country for construction and installation work in Nepal and such
payment is more or less than prevailing market value then the permanent establishment of
such contractor has made arrangement of transfer price in coordination with its head office.

pbfx/0f &=*=%M d'n's æsÆ df btf{ /x]sf] æsÆ sDkgLsf]

cWoIf %% k|ltzt z]o/ wgL /x]sf] ævÆ sDkgLsf] ef/tdf zfvf
sfof{no /x]5 . æsÆ sDkgLn] g]kfndf ;8s lgdf{0f 7]Ssf kfPsf]
/x]5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf g]kfnsf] æsÆ sf] ljb]zL :yfoL ;+:yfkg / ævÆ
sDkgLsf] ef/tLo zfvf ;Da4 JolQm x'G5g\ . oL b'O{ lgsfoaLrsf]
sf/f]af/df d"No x:tfGt/0fsf] ;Defjgf /xG5 .
b'a} lgsfo g]kfndf btf{ ePsf cj:yfdf oxL zt{ / cj:yfdf cfo
v08Ls/0f (Income Splitting) sf] cj;/ x'g ;Qm5 .
Example 7.8.5: Suppose, “A” company is registered in “A” country. The chairman of “A”
company has 55% shares in “B” company which has its branch office in India. A company
has obtained contract to construct roads in Nepal. In this case, the foreign permanent
estbalishement of “A” company in Nepal and branch office of “B” company in India are
related companies. There are chances of having transfer pricing arrangement in the
transaction between these two entities.
If both entity are registered in Nepal in the same condition and terms then there will be
chances for income splitting.

pbfx/0f &=*=^ M g]kfndf btf{ /x]sf] æsÆ sDkgLsf] cWoIf %

% k|ltzt z]o/wgL /x]sf] ævÆ sDkgLn] æuÆ sDkgLdf ^) k|ltzt
nufgL u/]sf] 5 . æsÆ sDkgL / æuÆ sDkgL ldn]/ æ3Æ sDkgL
vf]n]sf] /x]5 . ærÆ sDkgLsf] @@ k|ltzt æ3Æ sDkgLn] / #) k|
ltzt z]o/ æsÆ sDkgLn] vl/b u/]sf /x]5g\ . æsÆ sDkgLsf] ljutsf]

27
cfos/ lgb]{lzsf @)^^ -;+;f]lwt @)&&_ sf] ;+lIflKts/0f
l;=P= lgd{n >]i7

s/ gf]S;fgL /x]5 . æuÆ sDkgL /fd|f] d'gfkmf cfh{g ug]{ sDkgL

xf] . oL b'O{ lgsfoaLrsf] sf/f]af/df cfo v08Ls/0fsf] tl/sfaf6 d"No
x:tfGt/0fsf] ;Defjgf /xG5 .
Example 7.8.6: Suppose, “A” company is registered in Nepal and its chairman has 55%
shares in “B” company. “B” Company has invested 60% of the shares in “C” Company. “A”
Company and “C” company jointly established “D” company. The 22% of shares of “F”
Company has been purchased by “D” Company and 30% by “A” Company. “A” Company
has tax losses in last years. “C” company is a good profit making company. There can be high
chances of transfer pricing through income splitting between these two companies (i.e. A &
C).

pbfx/0f &=*=& M g]kfndf btf{ /x]sf] æsÆ sDkgLsf] cWoIfsf]

%% k|ltzt z]o/ :jfldTj 5 . lghsf] ;fnfsf] %@ k|ltzt z]o/ /x]sf]
ævÆ sDkgLn] æuÆ sDkgLsf] %! k|ltzt z]o/ vl/b u/]5 . æsÆ
sDkgLsf] ljutsf] s/ gf]S;fgL /x]5 . æuÆ sDkgL /fd|f] d'gfkmf
cfh{g ug]{ sDkgL xf] . oL b'O{ lgsfoaLrsf] sf/f]af/df cfo
v08Ls/0fsf] tl/sfaf6 d"No x:tfGt/0fsf] ;Defjgf /xG5 .
Example 7.8.7: Suppose, 55% shares of “A” company registered in Nepal is owned by its
chairman. “B” company where chairman’s wife’s brother has 52% shares, purchased 51%
shares of “C” company. “A” Company has tax losses in the past. “C” company is good profit
making company. There can be high chances of transfer pricing through income splitting
between these two companies (i.e. A & C).

pbfx/0f &=*=* M æsÆ d'n'sdf btf{ /x]sf] æsÆ sDkgLsf]

cWoIfsf] %% k|ltzt z]o/ :jfldTj 5 . sDkgLn] %@ k|ltzt z]o/ lnPsf]
ævÆ sDkgLn] g]kfndf btf{ /x]sf] æuÆ sDkgLsf] %! k|ltzt z]o/
vl/b u/]5 . æuÆ sDkgL /fd|f] d'gfkmf cfh{g ug]{ sDkgL xf] . t/
sdfPsf] gfkmf cfkm\gf] sDkgLdf k7fpFbf ltg'{kg]{ s/sf] ef/ sd
ug{ of] sDkgLn] sDkgL æsÆ jf ævÆ af6 ljutsf]eGbf a9L
d"Nodf ;fdfg vl/b u/L gf]S;fgL cfh{g ug{ ;Qm5 . of] cj:yf oL tLg
lgsfoaLrsf] sf/f]af/df cfo v08Ls/0fsf] tl/sfaf6 d"No
x:tfGt/0fsf] ;Defjgf /xG5 .
Example 7.8.8: Suppose, 55% of shares of “A” company registered in “A” country is owned
by its chairman. A company whose 52% shares is owned by “A” Company buys the 51%
shares of “C” company registered in Nepal. “C” company is a good profit making company.
But, in order to reduce the tax burden while repatriating the profits outside, “C” company can
buys goods from “A” or “B” company in a price more than earlier to incur a loss. In this case,
the transaction between these three companies will have chances of transfer pricing through
income splitting.

28
cfos/ lgb]{lzsf @)^^ -;+;f]lwt @)&&_ sf] ;+lIflKts/0f
l;=P= lgd{n >]i7

d"No x:tfGt/0f ePdf ul/g] s/ Jojxf/ M

##-!_ ;Da4 JolQmx?aLr s'g} Joj:yf ePsf]df ;f]
Joj:yf ;fdfGo ahf/ Jojxf/ -cfD;{ n]Gy_ cg';f/ ;~rfng
ul/Psf] eP ltgLx?sf] nflu sfod x'g;Sg] s/of]Uo cfo jf
a'emfpg kg]{ s/ k|ltljlDat x'g] lsl;dn] tL JolQmx?
aLr cfo u0fgf ubf{ ;dfj]z jf s§L ul/g] /sdx? ljefun]
lnlvt¿kdf ;"rgf hf/L u/]/ ljt/0f, ljlgof]hg jf
afF8kmfF8 ug{ ;Sg]5 .
##-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df plNnlvt s'g} s'/f ubf{ ljefun]
b]xfo adf]lhd ug{ ;Sg]5 M–
-s_ s'g} cfo, gf]S;fgL, /sd jf e'QmfgLsf] ;|f]t /
lsl;dnfO{{ k'gM rfl/qLs/0f ug{, jf
-v_ s'g} Joj;fo ;~rfng ug{ s'g} JolQmn] d'Vo
sfof{no vr{ nufot ug'{ k/]sf] ljleGg
vr{af6, ;Da4 JolQm jf JolQmx?nfO{{ kmfObf
k'Ug uPsf]df To:tf] vr{ Joj;fosf] sf/f]af/sf]
t'ngfTds cfwf/df ;Da4 JolQmx?aLr afF8kmfF8
ug{ .
pbfx/0f &=*=(M dfgf}+, pbfx/0f &=*=! df plNnlvt ABC Global
Incorporated n] ABC (Nepal) Pvt. Ltd. nfO{{ ?=# k|lt OsfO{df sRrf
kbfy{ laqmL u/]sf] t/ ljb]zL ahf/df ;f] j:t'sf] d"No ?=@.%) /x]sf]
ePdf ABC (Nepal) Pvt. Ltd. n] sRrf kbfy{ afktsf] vr{ s§L bfaL u/]sf] k|lt
OsfOsf ?=# sf] b/nfO{{ cdfGo u/L k|lt OsfOsf ?=@.%) sf] b/n]
dfq k'gM u0fgf u/L ABC (Nepal) Pvt. Ltd. sf] vr{ s§L bfaLnfO{{ ljefun]
;"rgf hf/L u/L -sfof{non] kq n]vL_ jf ;+zf]lwt s/ lgwf{/0fsf] ;"rgf
dfkm{t k'gM rfl/qLs/0f ug{ ;Sb5 . To;}u/L ABC (Nepal) Pvt. Ltd. n]
u/]sf] laqmL pTkflbt j:t' ;f] ABC Global Incorporated n] k|lt OsfO{ ?=%
sf b/n] vl/b ug]{ u/]sf] /x]5 t/ ;f] j:t'sf] df]n ljb]zL ahf/df ?=^ k|
lt OsfO{ d"No /x]5 eg] ;f] km/s /sd ?=! k|lt OsfO{sf b/n] ABC
(Nepal) Pvt. Ltd. sf] cfotkm{ ;dfj]z ul/g] u/L ;f] k|f=ln=sf] cfo
ljefun] ;"rgf hf/L u/L k'gM rfl/qLs/0f ug{ ;Sb5 .
Example 7.8.9: Suppose, in example 7.8.1, ABC Global Incorporated has sold raw materails
to ABC Nepal Pvt. Ltd. for Rs. 3 per unit but if the price of that materials in foreign market is
Rs. 2.5 per unit then, the expense claim of ABC Nepal Pvt. Ltd. for raw materials purchased
at the rate of Rs. 3 per unit shall be disallowed and department can re-characterize the
purchases by re-computing the purchases at the rate of Rs. 2.5 per unit by issuing notices
(letters) or through letter of amended assessment. Similarly, the production of ABC Nepal
Pvt. Ltd. is purchased by ABC Global Incorporated at the rate of Rs. 5 per unit but its market

29
cfos/ lgb]{lzsf @)^^ -;+;f]lwt @)&&_ sf] ;+lIflKts/0f
l;=P= lgd{n >]i7

price at foreign market is Rs. 6 per unit then such differenc amount of Rs. 1 per unit shall be
re-characterized as income of ABC Nepal Pvt. Ltd. by the department by issuing notice.

pbfx/0f &=*=!)M dfgf}+, g]kfndf sfo{/t cGt/f{li6«o 7]s]bf/n]

g]kfndf bfaL u/]sf] d'Vo sfof{no vr{ g]kfndf u/]sf] sfo{sf]
t'ngfdf a9L bfaL u/]sf] b]lvof] . o; cj:yfdf g]kfnL sf/f]af/afkt
x'g'kg]{ c+z dfq vr{ s§L lbO{ afFsL bfaL ljefun] cdfGo
ug{ ;Sb5 .
Example 7.8.10: Suppose, Internatioanl contractor engaged in Nepal has claimed in Nepal
head office expenses more than the value as compared to the work done in Nepal. In this case,
department can allow the portion of expenses relating to transaction in Nepal and can
disallow other claim.

cfosf] v08Ls/0fdf s/ Jojxf/ M

#$-!_ s'g} JolQmn] cfˆgf] cfo csf]{ JolQm;Fu ljefhg
ug{ k|oTg u/L ;f]af6 a'emfpg' kg]{ s/df s'g} sdL
cfpg] b]lvPdf bfloTj 36L x'g glbg ljefun]
lnlvt¿kdf ;"rgf lbP/ k|To]s JolQmsf] cfo u0fgf
ubf{ ;dfj]z jf s§L ul/g] /sdx? ;dfof]hg
u/fpg ;Sg]5 .
#$-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df pNn]v eP adf]lhd JolQm / ;Da4
JolQmaLr k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf ¿kdf Ps jf a9L dWo:y
lgsfox?4f/f b]xfosf /sdx?sf] x:tfGt/0f / ;f]
x:tfGt/0fsf] k|of]hgn] ;f] JolQm jf ;Da4 JolQmaf6
a'emfpg' kg]{ s/df sdL Nofpg cfo ljefhg ug]{ k|
oTg u/]sf] cj:yfx? ;d]tnfO{{ hgfpFg]5 M–
-s_ k|fKt ul/g] /sd jf ul/g] vr{x?, jf
-v_ s'g} ;DklQ x:tfGt/0f ul/lng]
JolQmn] ;f] ;DklQaf6 k|fKt ug]{ /sd jf
pkef]u ug]{ /sd jf ;f] ;DklQsf] :jfldTj lnP
afkt Joxf]/]sf] vr{ jf lbPsf] e'QmfgL .
#$-#_ ljefun] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd s'g} JolQmn] cfo
ljefhg ug{ vf]h]sf] xf] jf xf]Og eGg] s'/f olsg
ubf{ x:tfGt/0fsf nflu ul/Psf] s'g} klg e'QmfgLsf]
ahf/ d"Nosf] cfwf/ lng]5 .

s/ d'lQm lj?4sf] ;fdfGo lgodsf] cjwf/0ff

30
cfos/ lgb]{lzsf @)^^ -;+;f]lwt @)&&_ sf] ;+lIflKts/0f
l;=P= lgd{n >]i7

#%= ljefun] o; P]g adf]lhd s/ bfloTjsf] olsg ug]{ k|

of]hgsf] nflu b]xfosf s'/fx? ug{ ;Sg]5 M–
-s_ s/ d'lQm of]hgfsf] efusf]¿kdf ul/Psf] jf
ug{ vf]lhPsf] s'g} k|aGw jf k|aGwsf] s'g}
efunfO{{ k'gM rfl/qLs/0f ug{,
-v_ s'g} ;f/e"t cfly{s c;/ gb]vfpg] s'g} k|aGw jf k|
aGwsf] s'g} efunfO{{ j]jf:tf ug{, jf
-u_ ;f/e"ttTj gb]vfpg] s'g} k|aGw jf k|aGwsf]
efunfO{{ k'gM rfl/qLs/0f ug{ .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; bkmfsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu æs/ d'lQm
of]hgfÆ eGgfn] s/ bfloTjaf6 d'lQm kfpg] jf s/
bfloTjdf sdL Nofpg] d'Vo p2]Zo ePsf] s'g} k|aGw
;Demg' k5{ .

31