Mathematics 3201

Unit Review Exponential Functions & Equations

Formula: A  P 1  i  A  P 1  rt 
n

1. Which represents an exponential function?

5 𝑥 3𝑥
(A) 𝑦 = 3𝑥 −1 (B) 𝑦 = 𝑥3 (C) 𝑦=( ) (D) 𝑦=
3 2

2. Which represents a decreasing exponential function with a y – intercept of 4?

1 𝑥
(A) 𝑦 = 24 ( ) (B) 𝑦 = 4(0.75)𝑥
6
(C) 𝑦 = (4)− 𝑥 (D) 𝑦 = 4(1)𝑥

3. Which is an increasing exponential function?

1 5 𝑥
(A) 𝑓(𝑥) = ( ) (B) 𝑓(𝑥) = 0.5(0.5)𝑥
3 2

3 3 𝑥
(C) 𝑓(𝑥) = (1)𝑥 (D) 𝑓(𝑥) = 2 ( )
2 4

4. Which graph represents the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 3(2)𝑥 ?

y y
(A) 8 (B) 8
7 7
6 6
5 5
4 4
3 3
2 2
1 1

-3 -2 -1 1 2 3 x -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 x
-1 -1
-2 -2

y y
(C) (D)
8 8
7 7
6 6
5 5
4 4
3 3
2 2
1 1

-3 -2 -1 1 2 3 x -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 x
-1 -1
-2 -2
5. Which exponential function best represents the graph?
y

1 𝑥
8
(A) 𝑓(𝑥) = ( ) 7
4
6
5
(B) 𝑓(𝑥) = (4)𝑥 4
3

1 𝑥 2
(C) 𝑓(𝑥) = 4 ( ) 1
4
-3 -2 -1 1 2 3 x
-1
(D) 𝑓(𝑥) = 4(4)𝑥 -2

1 𝑥
6. Which represents the range for: 𝑦 = 12 ( ) ?
4
1
(A) {𝑦|𝑦 > 0, 𝑦 ∈ 𝑅} (B) {𝑦|𝑦 > , 𝑦 ∈ 𝑅}
4
(C) {𝑦|𝑦 > 3, 𝑦 ∈ 𝑅} (D) {𝑦|𝑦 > 12, 𝑦 ∈ 𝑅}

7. Which exponential function models the data?

x -1 0 1 2

y 81 27 9 3

1 𝑥
(A) 𝑦 = 81 ( ) (B) 𝑦 = 81(3)𝑥
3
1 𝑥
(C) 𝑦 = 27 ( ) (D) 𝑦 = 27(3)𝑥
3

8. Which exponential function models the data?

x 1 2 3 4

y 12 36 108 324

(A) 𝑦 = 12(3) 𝑥 (B) 𝑦 = 4(3)𝑥

1 𝑥 1 𝑥
(C) 𝑦 = 12 ( ) (D) 𝑦 = 4( )
3 3

9. Which is true of the table given below?

x (years) 0 3 6 9 12

y (amount) 160 80 40 20 10

Initial Amount Amount Growth

(A) 80 reduces to half every three years
(B) 80 reduces to one third every two years
(C) 160 reduces to half every three years
(D) 160 reduces to one third every two years
 3
10. Solve: 8𝑥−1 = √16.

5 1 7 13
(A) − (B) (C) (D)
9 9 9 9

1 2𝑥
11. Solve for x: ( ) = 27
9

3 3 3 3
(A) − (B) − (C) (D)
4 2 2 4

12. The population of a strain of bacteria growing in a Petri dish is modeled by

𝑡
the function 𝑃(𝑡) = 6000(2)7 , where 𝑃(𝑡) represents the number of
bacteria and 𝑡 represents the time in hours after the initial count. How much
time will it take for the number of bacteria to reach 24 000?

(A) 7h (B) 14 h (C) 28 h (D) 56 h

𝑡
1 5730
13. The function that models the decay of carbon-14 is 𝐴(𝑡) = 100 ( ) ,
2
where 𝐴(𝑡) is the number of grams of carbon-14 present at time 𝑡, in years.
Which statement is true?

(A) 0 g of carbon-14 will be present after 5730 years.

(B) 25 g will be present after 11460 years.
(C) The amount of carbon-14 doubles every 5730 years.
(D) There are 50 g of carbon-14 present initially.

14. Which of the following equations will produce a graph with a y-intercept of
5 and doubles its amount every 20 years?
𝑡 𝑡
1 20 1 5
(A) 𝑦= 5( ) (B) 𝑦= 20 ( )
2 2
𝑡 𝑡
(C) 𝑦 = 5(2) 20 (D) 𝑦 = 20(2) 5

15. A sample of bacteria was taken from a patient. A lab technician

then records the growth of the bacteria population over fixed time
intervals. The first five observations are given in the table.

The equation of the exponential regression function that models the

data is: 𝑃(𝑛) = 4120(1.5)𝑛 where P(n) represents the population
size and n is the observation number. Which represents the number of
bacteria for the tenth observation?

(A) 61 800 (B) 62 570 (C) 156 425 (D) 237 580
16. Which equation models the value of a $10 000 investment with an annual
interest rate of 4% that is compounded quarterly over 3 years?

(A) 𝐴 = 10000(1.04)12 (B) 𝐴 = 10000(1.04)36

(C) 𝐴 = 10000(1.01)12 (D) 𝐴 = 10000(1.01)36

17. A $40 000 vehicle depreciates by 25% annually. Which function

models the value of the vehicle based on its age in years?

(A) 𝐴(𝑡) = 40000(0.25)𝑡 (B) 𝐴(𝑡) = 40000(1.25)𝑡

(C) 𝐴(𝑡) = 40000(0.75)𝑡 (D) 𝐴(𝑡) = 40000(1.75)𝑡

18. An investment can be modelled by the following function, where x

represents the time in years: y = 2500(1.018)x What was the principal
invested?

(A) $1250 (B) $2500 (C) $18 (D) $1018

19. An investment can be modeled by the following function, where x represents

the time in years: y = 2500(1.018)x What was the annual interest rate for the
investment?

(A) 25% (B) 1.018% (C) 18% (D) 1.8%

20. Eli invested $1000 at 3%/a compounded quarterly. Which exponential

function represents this investment in the form A(n) = P(1 + i)n where n
represents the number of compounding periods?
(A) A(n) = 1000(1.003)n (B) A(n) = 1000(1.0075)n
(C) A(n) = 1000(1.03)n (D) A(n) = 4000(1.03)n

21. Denis recently spent $1280 on a new laptop. He read that the depreciation
rate for this model laptop is 25%. How much money should Denis expect to
sell his laptop for at the end of three years?

(A) $540 (B) $960 (C) $320 (D) $740

22. An investment can be modelled by the following function, where x

represents the time in years: y = 2500(1.018)x Determine the value of the
investment at 4 years.

(A).$2684.92 (B) $2680.00 (C) $2683.24 (D) $2677.25

23. Aaron invested $2400 at 4.8%/a compounded monthly. Define an

exponential function for this investment in the form A(n) = P(1 + i)n
where n represents the number of months.

(A) A(n) = 2400(1.048)n (B) A(n) = 2400(1.48)n

(C) A(n) = 2400(1.004)n (D) A(n) = 2400(1.04)n
24. Solve each exponential equation.

1 𝑥+1 3
(a) (25) = (√125) (b) 2(27)1−2𝑥 = 162

1 1 3−𝑥
(c) √ =4 5x+1
(d) 2( ) + 1 = 65
2 16

3
𝑥 2 1 4
(e) √32 = ( )
64

25. Solve the equation and verify your answer by substitution.

26. The table represents the annual value of a $2000 investment over 4 years.

Time (yrs) 0 1 2 3 4

Amount ($) 2000 2100 2205 2315.25 2431.01

𝑡
(a) Determine the exponential function 𝐴(𝑡) = 𝐴0 (𝑏)𝑐 that could be
used to predict the future value of the investment.

(b) If the annual interest rate to this investment was 10% annually, what
value of the exponential function you developed in 16(a) changes?

(c) Describe how the value of this investment would be affected over
time if the investment grew according to the interest rate in 16(b)
compared to 16(a).

27. The amount of a substance present at 𝑥 hours is given in the table below.

Time 0 1 2 3 4
(hours)

Amount (g) 2000 1000 500 250 125

𝑡
Use this information to create an equation of the form 𝐴(𝑡) = 𝐴0 (𝑏)𝑐 that
models the data. Use this equation to determine the time at which the amount
present is 31.25 g.

28. Carbon-14 is a compound that has a half-life of 5750 years. It is frequently

𝑡
1 5750
used to determine the age of fossils. The function: 𝐴(𝑡) = 512 ( )
2
models the decay of carbon – 14. Use the function to algebraically determine
the time it would take for an 512 mg sample to decay to 8 mg.
29. Small rural water systems are often contaminated with bacteria by
animals. Suppose that a water tank is initially infested with a colony
of 15 000 E. Coli bacteria. In this tank, the colony triples. The number
of bacteria in this tank after t days can be modeled by the function
𝑡
𝐴(𝑡) = 𝐴0 (𝑏)𝑐. Develop the function and use it to algebraically
determine the tripling time if it takes 44 days for the population of
bacteria to reach 1 215 000.

30. Lakshmi put $6500 into a bank account that pays compound interest
monthly. She found bank statements showing the value of her investment,
over several months as shown.
Month Value ($)
0 6500.00
1 6514.63
4 6558.70
6 6588.25

(a) Determine an exponential growth function that models her investment.

(b) What is the annual interest rate that is being paid on the account?
Explain.
(c) Assuming the same growth rate, how much interest will she earn
at 2 years?

31. Rodrigo put $1800 into a bank account that pays compound interest
semi-annually. His bank gave him figures for the first two years of his
investment, as shown.
Compounding Value ($)
Period
0 1800.00
1 1832.40
2 1865.38
3 1898.96
4 1933.14

(a) Determine an exponential growth function that models the growth of

his investment.
(b) What is the annual interest rate that is being paid on the account?
Explain.

32. Joel invested $4000 in a savings account that pays 5%/a compounded
quarterly. How much money will Joel have in the account at the end of
3 years?
 33. You are about to invest $5 000 and must consider two options:

Option I: Scotiabank

 Pays 5% compounded quarterly over 4 years

Option II: BMO

 Pays 4.75% compounded monthly over 4 years

(a) Write a function that models the growth of each option and use
each function to determine the value of each investment.

(b) Which option is the best choice and determine the difference.

ANSWERS:

1.C 2.B 3.A 4.B 5.C 6.A 7.C 8.B 9.C 10.D 11.A 12.B 13.B 14.C 15.D 16.C 17.C 18.B 19.D 20.B 21.A 22.A 23.C
13 1 1 17 20
24.(a) − 4
(b) − 6 (c) − 4 (d) 4
(e) − 9
25. x = 4

26.(a) 𝐴(𝑡) = 2000(1.05)𝑡 (b) ‘b’ changes to 1.10 (c) It would accelerate the growth of the investment as it earns
1 𝑡
10% annually. 27. 𝐴(𝑡) = 2000 (2) t = 64 hours 28. 34 500 years

29. Tripling time is 11 days. 30.(a) 𝐴 = 6500(1.00225)𝑛 (b) 2.7% annually (c) $360.23

31.(a) 𝐴 = 1800(1.018)𝑛 (b) 3.6% compounded semi annually 32. $4643.02

33.(a) Scotiabank 𝐴 = 5000(1.0125)16 = $6099.45 BMO 𝐴 = 5000(1.00396)48 = $6044.46

(b) Scotiabank is the better option by $54.99.