Reviewer in ED114 What Environmental Factors Contribute to Mental Illness?

Physical illnesses, Unemployment, Poverty

CHAPTER 1 – MENTAL HEALTH CARING FOR YOUR
MENTAL HEALTH IN THE WORKPLACE What Psychological Factors Contribute to Mental Illness?

Mental health remains misunderstood. It is still considered a • Failure to adjust/cope with the difficulties in life.
taboo and it’s not talked about. A 2014 report of the World
Health Organization (WHO) indicated that there were 2,558 • Painful/traumatic life experiences
suicide cases due to mental health problems in 2012 alone.
• Severe psychological trauma suffered as a child, such as
According to National Center for Mental Health’s statistics:
emotional, physical, or sexual abuse
- Suicide rate for men: 2.5 per 100,000 members of the
• An important early loss, such as the loss of a parent
population
• Neglect
- Suicide rate for women: 1.7 per 100,000 members of the
population • Poor ability to relate to others
Only 1 psychiatrist per 250,000 mentally ill patients, far from Risk factors
the ideal ratio of one is to 50,000. The country only spends 5%
of the National budget on mental health. • Having a blood relative, such as a parent or sibling, with a
mental illness
Mental Health and the Filipino Youth
• Stressful life situations, such as financial problems, a loved
Government data shows that one of five Filipino adults have a one's death or a divorce
mental health disorder, but it is unclear how the numbers apply
to high school and college students. • An ongoing (chronic) medical condition, such as diabetes
Passage of Mental Health Law • Brain damage as a result of a serious injury (traumatic brain
injury), such as a violent blow to the head
• Provides services down to the barangay level
• Traumatic experiences, such as military combat or being
• Integrates mental health programs in hospitals assaulted
• Improve mental health facilities • Use of alcohol or recreational drugs
• Promotes mental health education in schools and workplaces • Being abused or neglected as a child
• Calls on Philhealth to cover psychiatric medicines and • Having few friends or few healthy relationships
consultations, and not just hospitalizations
• A previous mental illness
The State of Mental Health in the Workplace
What are EARLY signs and symptoms of persons with
U.S. - 20% of American adults are afflicted with a mental mental health problems?
illness, while 60% of workers in the UK have experienced a
mental health problem the past year due to work. In Asia • Disturbance in sleep and/or difficulty getting adequate SLEEP
Pacific, most employers cited stress as the leading workforce
risk in the office. Depression, anxiety, and other mental • Attacks of palpitations usually expressed as “nerbiyos” due to
illnesses are on the rise. Just last year, a record number of irrational worries, fear and anxieties
3.29 million people in the Philippines were said to be living with
depression. Statistics also show that 300 million people are • Excessive use of cigarettes, alcohol and drugs
battling the condition worldwide—that’s an 18 percent increase • Reckless behavior
in the period between 2005 and 2015.
• Over sensitivity and irritability
The Effects of Mental Illness in the Workplace
• Unfounded and exaggerated suspicions
In 2015, 18 million days of work were lost to sickness
absences due to mental health conditions. WHO predicts that • Sudden change in behavior
by 2030, businesses around the world will lose approximately
12 billion workdays due to depression and anxiety disorders More serious mental illnesses involve such difficulties as poor
alone. contact with reality, extreme mood swings, paranoia, and
auditory and visual hallucinations.
What can you do? How can I help a co-worker?
Why is there a need for assessment?
• Ask how you can help—and respect your co-worker’s wishes.
• To determine the cause/s of the behavior difficulties or
• Continue to include your co-worker in the workplace’s usual problems
activities.
• To identify intervention strategies based on the different
• Depending on your relationship, you can keep in touch with a aspects of the behavior
co-worker who takes time off.
Adele, Ryan Reynolds, Amanda Seyfried, J.K. Rowling, Selena
• Advocate for healthy workplaces. Many wellness strategies Gomez, Kristen Bell
are lowcost or no-cost, but they can still improve everyone’s
well-being and build inclusive spaces. The Top Mental Health Challenges

Mental health is a balance of all aspects of life: Physical, • Anxiety

Emotional, Social and Spiritual
• Major Depressive Disorder
Wellbeing
• Bipolar Disorder
A person who is mentally healthy...
• Schizophrenia
• Realizes one’s own potential (Positive self-image)
• Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
• Can cope with the normal stresses of life (Resiliency)
• Eating Disorders
• Can work productively and fruitfully (Productivity and
Creativity) • Addiction/Substance Abuse

• Can contribute to the community (Sense of purpose) When does Depression become a mental health condition?

What is mental disorder? Who can have mental disorder? Depression becomes a mental health condition when it is
Any person regardless of age, sex, socio-economic status can excessive, profound and prolonged, and already affects our
develop mental disorders. daily functions.

Biological Factors -Hereditary predisposition ; poor nutrition/ What causes Depression? Life events, Persistent, sad,
poverty anxious or empty mood, Feelings of hopelessness or
pessimism, Feelings of guilt, worthlessness or helplessness, of breath, Irregular heartbeat, Muscle pain and tension,
Loss of interest or pleasure in ordinary activities, Decreased Headaches, Frequent upset stomach or diarrhea
energy, feeling of fatigue, Difficulty concentrating or making
decisions, Restlessness or irritability, Changes in appetite or Bipolar disorder, formerly called manic depression, is a
weight, Changes in sleeping pattern, Unexplained aches and mental health condition that causes extreme mood swings that
pains include emotional highs (mania or hypomania) and lows
(depression). When you become depressed, you may feel sad
D- depressed/irritable mood or hopeless and lose interest or pleasure in most activities.

E- eating pattern changes Eating Disorder can be life threatening. A young person with
anorexia nervosa, for example, cannot be persuaded to
P- pleasure decreased maintain a minimally normal body weight.
R- restlessness Bulimia Nervosa a serious, potentially life-threatening eating
disorder. People with bulimia may secretly binge — eating
E- energy low
large amounts of food with a loss of control over the eating —
S- sleep changes and then purge, trying to get rid of the extra calories in an
unhealthy way.
S- self-blame/guilt
SYMPTOMS : Distorted or poor body image, Excessive
E- executive functioning impaired exercise, Irregular heartbeats, Dehydration, Feeling like
eating is out of control, Fear of eating in public, Constantly
D- death/suicide thoughts/attempts making excuses for eating habits

Schizophrenia is a serious mental disorder in which people

interpret reality abnormally. Schizophrenia may result in some
Suicidal thoughts/ suicide acts combination of hallucinations, delusions, and extremely
“Masked” depression Sometimes risk-taking behaviors can disordered thinking and behavior that impairs daily functioning
include acts of aggression, gunplay, and alcohol or substance and can be disabling.
abuse. TIPS FOR HAVING A SOUND MENTAL HEALTH
Efforts to hurt oneself Self-injury behaviors are warning signs. • Self-awareness
Inability to concentrate or think clearly Such problems may -into the reason for one’s own behavior; self-understanding.
be reflected in workplace behavior, work habits, performance,
household chores, even conversation. -Becoming self-aware is:
Changes in physical habits and appearance What you want in your life
Changes include inability to sleep or sleeping all the time, Your strengths and weaknesses
sudden weight gain or loss, disinterest in appearance or
hygiene. What motivates you and makes you happy

Sudden changes in personality, friends, behaviors What you want to change about yourself or about your life

Changes can include withdrawing from friends and family, Your achievements
skipping work, loss of involvement in activities that were once
important, and avoiding friends. How you relate to others

Death and suicidal themes Your most important beliefs and values

These might appear in drawings, work samples, journals or -You are responsible for your beliefs.
homework.
-You are responsible for your thoughts.
Anxiety Disorder
-You are responsible for your feelings.
Anxiety disorder refers to specific psychiatric disorders that
-You are responsible for your actions.
involve extreme fear or worry, and includes generalized anxiety
disorder (GAD), panic disorder and panic attacks, agoraphobia, - It’s an agreement with yourself to appreciate, validate, accept
social anxiety disorder, selective mutism, separation anxiety, and support who you are at this very moment.
and specific phobias.
What does a person with low self-esteem look like?
Anxiety disorders include:
Individuals with low self-esteem tend to view themselves poorly
• Phobia – an unrealistic and overwhelming fear of some object and feel that others view them the same way. People with low
or situation. self-esteem may feel as if no one will like them or accept them
or that they can't do well in anything.
• Generalized Anxiety Disorder – a pattern of excessive,
unrealistic worry not attributable to any recent experience. Withdrawn/Shy/Quiet, Insecure, Underachieving, Negative
(Attitude), Unhappy, Socially inept, Angry/Hostile, Unmotivated,
• Panic disorder – terrifying panic attacks that include physical
Depressed, Dependent/Follower, Poor self-image, Lacks self-
symptoms such as rapid heartbeat and dizziness.
confidence, Poor communication, Acts out
• Obsessive Compulsive Disorder – being trapped in a pattern
Steps to Improving Self-Esteem
of repeated thoughts and behaviors such as counting or hand
washing. Look at all your positive qualities, Take on a new challenge,
Keep a “well done” list, View mistakes as learning opportunities,
• Post-traumatic stress disorder – (PTSD) is a mental health
Spend time with people who make you feel good, Try to stop
condition that's triggered by a terrifying event — either
thinking negative thoughts about yourself, Try new things,
experiencing it or witnessing it. Symptoms may include
Recognize what you can change and what you can't, Change
flashbacks, nightmares and severe anxiety, as well as
your mental diet, Set goals, Join or take part in activities where
uncontrollable thoughts about the event.
you’ll meet new friends, It is okay to talk about your problems.
SYMPTOMS Symptoms of anxiety disorders can be mistaken
Forgive Letting go is healing. Forgiving others for the harm
for everyday stress or written off as someone worrying too
they have done is good for your personal wellbeing
much. Panic attacks may be mistaken as a physical ailment,
such as a heart attack or tension headache, depending on how Develop a strong support system involving family and friends,
your body responds to the increased levels of certain Create a Meaningful Budget Financial problems cause stress
chemicals. Symptoms manifest differently in each person, so
what is true for you won’t be true for a friend. Volunteer

Common symptoms for anxiety disorders may include: Being involved in community gives a sense of purpose and
satisfaction that paid work cannot.
Feelings of stress and apprehension, Irritability, Trouble
concentrating, Fearfulness, Sweating and dizziness, Shortness Manage Stress
Just How Stressed Are You? the thought that is the trouble – it is what we do when we are
angry that is the issue.
• 20 - 30 = You are super cool! Or maybe on DENIAL!
Anger is a problem when: It is too frequent, It is too intense, It
• 31 - 41 = You are of normal variety! lasts too long, It leads to aggression, It destroys work or
personal relationship.
• 42 - 52 = You are feeling edgy! Life is getting more
complicated! Why control Anger? Anger destroys personal relationship,
Anger destroys work relationship, Anger makes bad situations
• 53 - 63 = You are loaded! You can feel yourself being
worse, Anger often leads to aggression
stretched!
GET A PET Whether it’s a dog, cat, bird or fish, a pet can play
• 64 – 74 = Stress is taking a toll on you. You may get sick!
a vital role in stress relief.
• 74 - 100 =You need counseling! You are taking on too much
TAKE UP A HOBBY If you pursue a hobby, you genuinely like,
stress!
you’re apt to get so absorbed in it that you don’t notice time
What causes stress? What is Stress? passing.

-the feeling we have when under pressure EAT RIGHT What you can eat promote or relieve stress and
help or hinder the body in how it handles the physical stress
-it is the body's way of responding to any kind of demand response.

-it can be good or bad. DON’T FORGET BREAKFAST Gives you energy. Best you
have low fat and high carbo breakfast: improves performance
Kinds of Stress and lessens emotional upset. Eat wisely Plenty of fresh fruits
and vegetables – raw or lightly cooked; especially the bright
• Eustress – good and useful kind of stress evoked by positive colored ones (tomatoes, carrots, watermelons, peppers, green
events leafy, watercress, papaya, oranges, berries) for they are right
• Distress – bad kind of stress evoked by negative feelings in antioxidants.

Stressors EXERCISE

Any event that, threatens us!, provokes us!, scares us! worries To work away your tension and fortify yourself against the
us, thrills us! negative physical effects of stress. Exercising not only keeps
one healthy but can even reverse the ageing process. Ideally,
Stress Response “Fight or Flight Response” we should accumulate 20-30 minutes of moderate physical
activity most days. We can also split this into three 10-minute
-Natural reaction of the body to stress sessions.
-Physical changes that prepare a person to react quickly and Examples of Mild to Moderate Aerobic Activities:
effectively to handle the pressure of the moment
• Take a short walk around the block
-Sensory receptors are stimulated
• Rake leaves
Stress Overload
• Play actively with the kids
Long-term stressful situations can produce a lasting, low-level
stress that can wear out the body’s reserves, leaving a person • Walk up the stairs instead of taking the elevator
feeling depleted or overwhelmed, weaken the body’s system
and cause other problems. • Take an activity break-- get up and stretch or walk around

Chronic Effects of Stress : Hypertension, Coronary heart • Park your car a little farther away from your destination
disease, Stroke, Anxiety disorder, Peptic ulcer Examples of higher intensity aerobic activities:
Feelings of stress are normally triggered by things happening • Bicycling
in your life which involve: being under lots of pressure, facing
big changes, worrying about something, not having much or • Jogging
any control over the outcome of a situation, having
responsibilities that you're finding overwhelming, not having • Brisk Walking
enough work, activities or change in your life, times of
uncertainty • Swimming

COPING Things we do to dilute the effects of stress on our • Aerobic dancing

physical well-being. They are meant to make you fitter for the
• Racket sports
times you have to face unavoidable stress. (Henderson, 2008)
• Rowing
WAYS TO REDUCE STRESS & MANAGE ANGER
• Roller-skating
LAUGH It’s one of the healthiest antidotes to stress. When we
laugh, even smile, blood flow to the brain is increased, • Using aerobic equipment (i.e., treadmill, stationary bike)
endorphins are released, and levels of stress hormones drop.
Laughter reduces the level of stress hormones like cortisol, DEAL WITH DIFFICULT PERSONS–YOU CANNOT AFFORD
epinephrine, and adrenaline. The ability to use humor may TO!
raise the level of infection-fighting antibodies in the body and
boost the levels of immune cells. • Changing him is unlikely.

SOCIALIZE Don’t be a loner. Isolation has been tied to failure • Changing yourself in relation to him is easier.
to cope adequately with stress, heightened vulnerability to
• Try to care for him, know him – what he likes, what he needs,
illness and even premature death.
what he values.
GET RID OF ANGER It is the single most damaging stress-
• Support him on points important to him.
related personality trait that precedes a heart attack.
• Confront him only on points that are vital to you, and only
What is behind your anger? Sadness, Jealousy,
when he is in a good mood, and presenting your points that will
Embarrassment and shame, Fear, Disappointment and hurt,
be of interest to him.
Frustration
• When in conflict, negotiate a win-win situation.
What is Anger? Anger is a completely normal, and usually
healthy, human emotion. But when it gets out of control and CLARIFY YOUR VISION AND HAVE A SENSE OF
turns destructive, it can lead to problems: problems at work, in PURPOSE IN YOUR LIFE
your personal relationships, and in the overall quality of your
life. Anger is an emotional state that varies in intensity from Companies take time out to define their mission, vision and
mild irritation to intense fury and rage. Anger is a common values in order to become successful. Individual persons
feeling, thought, and behavior. It is not so much the feeling or should do the same with their life.
GET SOME SLEEP DON’T GIVE YOUR POWER TO ANYONE No matter how
mean people can be, don't let them make you feel like you are
Lack of adequate sleep can make you moody, angry and more not worthy or a bad person. You have the choice to let people
vulnerable to illness and the daily stressors that stalk you. change how you feel about yourself or not. Don't let them tell
Sleep gives our minds and bodies time for rest and renewal. you differently who you are.
The production of growth hormone, which is instrumental in
repairing and rebuilding cells, is stimulated during sleep. Lack NO MATTER HOW BAD THINGS GET, STAY TRUE TO
of sleep has an effect on the body similar to that of the ageing YOURSELF Sometimes life takes you to unhappy places or
process. The time when the body repairs itself maximally is situations, but you do not need to have that define who you are.
between 10PM – 2AM. It is best that we are asleep during this No matter how bad it may seem, don't let your current situation
time for maximum repair and recovery of our body. drag you down.

BE RESILIENT resilience means being able to adapt to life’s THERE IS ALWAYS SOMETHING TO SING ABOUT Even
misfortunes and setbacks. when things are tough in life it does not mean that there is no
hope. Keep your spirit up and yes, singing does help.
VIRTUAL FRIENDS It is a way of opening yourself up to a new
horizon of social interaction and to view it as an addition to, THERE IS NOTHING WRONG WITH BELIEVING IN A BIT
rather than as a substitute for, face to face socializing. OF MAGIC There is no such thing as a fairy godmother turning
pumpkins into carriages or mice into horses, but there are
ORGANIZE YOUR LIFE TO FREE MORE TIME TO REST unexplainable good things that happen in life. Don't ask why or
how. Just quietly give thanks and embrace them.
• Where do you put your keys?
YOU REAP WHAT YOU SOW If you do good things to others,
• How does your bag and cabinet look?
good things will happen to you. If you do mean things to others,
• How do you file your documents? mean things will happen to you.

RELAX, BREATH DEEPLY PRACTICE FORGIVENESS Holding onto grudges, anger and
wanting revenge festers in one's soul. If you never let go of
Meditate. Concentrate on present, tangible situations. Inhale these negatives thoughts and feelings you will never be able to
aromatic oils. Listen to soothing music. live the rest of your life living happily ever after.

ACCOMPLISHMENTS HAPPILY EVER AFTER IS POSSIBLE It does not, however,

come from a Prince Charming. It comes from within. Living
Happiness and satisfaction with life can also be gained through your life with grace and dignity, never compromising with what
achieving goals that are important to you. feels right, and trusting who you are, are the secrets to living a
joyous life.
TAKE CONTROL OF YOUR SURROUNDINGS
MENTAL HEALTH ADVOCACY PMHA is a private non-stock,
ADJUST YOUR STANDARDS non-profit organization dedicated to the promotion of mental
Redefine success and perfection, and you may operate with a health and prevention of mental disorders.
little less guilt and frustration. VISION The Filipino people with the highest level of mental
LEARN TO RELAX health.

• By taking mini breaks during the day. SERVICES AND PROGRAMS

• Having enough sleep I. Education and Information Services

• By breathing well II. Clinical and Diagnostic Services

• By tensing and relaxing body parts III. Special Projects

• Stretching IV. Family Life Enrichment Programs

TAKE VACATIONS V. Barangay Mental Health Caravan

It’s an ideal time to gain perspective on your day-to-day life & VI. Barangay Mental Health Coordinators
put aside the stress load for a few days. It’s important to get a VII. Community Based Mental Health Program
total change of scenery, a new environment.
VIII. Mental Health Beyond Prison Walls
BE ASSERTIVE Being assertive is a core communication skill.
Being assertive means that you express yourself effectively Deaf and Hard of Hearing Community (DHHC)
and stand up for our point of view, while also respecting the
rights and beliefs of others. The Deaf and Hard of Hearing Community is an organization of
Deaf and Hard of Hearing individuals with the following
BE PROACTIVE Don’t ignore your problems or try to wish objectives:
them away. Instead, figure out what needs to be done, make a
plan and take action D-evelop and build self-esteem through education and social
skills training
BE DECISIVE Indecision prevents you from taking action,
causing a loss of a sense of control and thus intensifying stress E-mpowering and Inspiring the Young Deaf Community without
limits
Be Mindful It is a practice that calms the mind and relaxes the
body. Mindfulness is about paying attention in a non- A-chieve selfhood and identity without discrimination, and be
judgmental way able to have jobs

Take a break when needed F-ully competent individuals valuing diversity

Reward yourself Advocacy involves speaking on behalf of a person(s) or

yourself to ensure that their rights and needs are recognized.
Love yourself The word “advocacy” comes from Latin and means 'to add a
voice'.
NURTURE YOUR SPIRITUALITY Religious or spiritual beliefs
give us a context larger than ourselves, which can provide us Why is it important to be an advocate? Advocacy in all its
with perspective when we are deeply stressed. forms seeks to ensure that people, particularly those who are
most vulnerable in society, are able to: have their voice heard
HAVE COURAGE AND ALWAYS BE KIND on issues that are important to them.
These were the last words that Ella's (Cinder-Ella) mother's REMEMBER Mental Health is striking a balance among all the
shared with her before she dies. Although there were times aspects of our life. It is as important as all the other areas that
where it was difficult to do so, Ella honored her mother's we work hard to achieve...so let’s also work to gain better
wishes. She showed us when you live your life with courage mental health, because...
and kindness, life will be good to you.
MENTAL HEALTH is PEACE OF MIND
MENTAL HEALTH MATTERS. -Attendance is not required.

CHAPTER 2 GLOBAL DIGITAL CITIZENSHIP -Online learning provides us variety sources of information
wherein we can use internet to find answers with the proper
Digital citizenship is an idea that all persons using the internet ethics.
internet have civic rights and responsibilities. It centers around
safe, savvy and ethical use of technology. There are five weaknesses of online teaching and learning:

A global citizen sees the world as a community in which all - inability to focus on screens , teachers need to have training,
people live and prosper together. He/she understands that how to manage screen time, technology issues, and sense of
his/her actions contribute to the values of the entire planet and isolation wherein having our peers’ company we could
he/she is concerned on how he/she participates in and collaborate to expand our knowledge.
contributes to the entire world. A digital citizen, on the other
hand, adheres to guidelines that govern the ethical and ALTERNATIVE DELIVERY SYSTEM
responsible use of technology and acts responsibly in all
Broadcast Radio Radio is an ADS which is considered as a
relationships and interactions in the digital world.
powerful tool when deliver a lesson or disseminating
A global digital citizen is a responsible, ethical citizen information to a large group of student.
leveraging technology to foster community on a global scale
Radio - the most accessible ADS for it can reach people even
through connection and compassion. The Global Digital Citizen
in the most deprive areas. The use of radio has started as early
understands that we can govern technology for the benefit of
as 1970’s to employ active learning through “instructional
both ourselves and others. It is a citizen that views the world as
conversation.” Formats delivery in roadcast radio are discuss,
an interconnected community. Additionally, the digital citizen
documentary, drama, docu-drama, discussion, and interview.
realizes that we simultaneously share technological and human
experiences regardless of culture, status, or political/religious High frequency is required to meet the desired clarity of audio
beliefs
Distance education is method of education where students
Digital citizenship is now a component of digital citizenship, can study their own choice of place and time, without having to
and is in fact one of the facets of Global Digital Citizenship. meet their teachers face to face.
Under digital citizenship, there are nine elements: digital
access – full elec participation, digital commerce – buying- Character of Distance Education
selling, digital communication- exchange of info, digital
literacy-teaching and learning, digital etiquette- conduct, 1. Provides learners with physical disabilities, work, and other
digital law – action and deeds, digital rights and personal reasons a chance to learn
responsibilities - freedoms, digital health and wellness –
physical and psychological , and digital securities – 2. It aims to achieve independent learning.
precautions guarantee safety. 3. Provides learners with learning packages
Critical thinking is the fundamental principle of every student 4. It provides accessibility to learners.
and leaders in the present time. One of the characteristic
features of a global digital citizen is being curious about the 5. It provides convenience and flexibility to learners.
world.
6. It cost-effective.
Carl Sagan - ideal citizenry is people “with minds wide awake
and a basic understanding of how the world works.” 7. It provide greater access to new technology.

Digital citizenship - explain how an individual must behave in 8. It support student-centered approach.
the online world.
Technologies that support Distance Education (Alternative
Addressing as to how one participates and contributes in the Delivery System) Broadcast radio, Audio conferencing,
blended physical and digital world is one of the very foundation Video conferencing, Web conferencing, Online
stone of being a Global Digital Citizenship. technologies

Well, in a global citizen, we find the individual having an Disadvantages: 1. People in rural may experience difficulty in
attribute to see the world as a community, While in a digital purchasing a radio and having it prepared 2. Poor reception
citizen we find the individual adhering to the guidelines related may bring poor delivery of instruction 3. Broadcast schedules
to the ethical and responsible use of technology. = Global may bring inconvenience to student for pace of time is beyond
Digital Citizens their control 4. Learning without visual may be challenging for
visual learners 5. Interaction among learners in limited
We define the best assets of the Global Digital Citizenship
using 5 tenets: Audio conferencing as also known as telephone/phone
conferencing (teleconferencing). Teleconferencing is
Personal Responsibility, Global Citizenship, Altruistic Service, alternative delivery system in which instruction may happen
Environmental Stewardship, and Digital Citizenship (Ribble, through telecommunications system; tele or computer. Audio
2017). These five tenets are the essence of what it means to conferencing is a teaching technology that flexible,
be a great Global Digital Citizen. economically reasonable, and available.
CHAPTER 3 – TECHNOLOGY IN ALTERNATIVE DELIVERY Audio conferencing is a synchronous technology that
SYSTEMS transmits communication in real time.
World wide web is used for various purposes and serves as Types of Alternative Delivery System
the sole sources of academic support especially to students;
we can easily access to knowledge and information. 1. Audio teleconference - A teleconference or teleseminar is
the live exchange and mass articulation of Information among
academic websites, there are Qoura, e-notes several persons and machines remote from one another but
linked by a telecommunications system. Terms such as audio
Wikipedia is one of the common and popular site; use to conferencing, telephone conferencing and phone conferencing
gather information about various issues, trends and subjects. are also sometime used to refer to teleconferencing. The
Not always reliable; not fully developed; authors and telecommunications system may support the teleconference by
resources is unknown. providing one or more of the following: audio, video, and/or
These are the advantages of online teaching and learning data services by one or more means, such as telephone,
based on my own observations: computer, telegraph, teletypewriter, radio and television.

- Online learning offers teachers an efficient way to deliver their 2. Distance education/learning
lessons, it could be in the form of videos, PDF’S, podcasts and Distance Learning Advantages:
many more.
Lots of Flexibility. With distance learning courses, students
- Online learning offers students the accessibility of time and can complete their course work from just about anywhere .
place in education.
No commuting. Taking a course online can be one way to
- Online learning reduced financial costs wherein we only cut down on costly gas public transportation.
spend money or loads unlike with the traditional classroom
learning. Numerous choice of schools.
 Lowered costs. sun is available on the Internet. The ‘search engines’ on the
internet can help you to find data on any subject that you need.
Learn while working.
Shopping: Along with getting information on the Internet,
Distance Learning Disadvantages: you can also shop online. There are many online stores and
sites that can be used to look for products as well as buy them
Lack of social interaction.
using credit card. You do not need to leave your house and
Some employers don’t accept online degrees. can do all your shopping from the convenience of your home.

Requires adaptability to new technologies Online Chat: There are many ‘chat rooms’ on the web that
can be accessed to meet new people, make new friends, as
Not all courses required to complete the degree may be well as to stay in touch with old friends.
offered online
Downloading Software: This is one of the mot happening
3. Broadcast radio and fun things to do via the Internet. You can download
innumerable, games, music of which are free.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Radio News
Disadvantage of the Internet
Talk radio is opinions and radio news is information coming
through the interpretation of the radio personality. Today talk There are certain cons and dangers relating to the use of
radio and radio news is the same thing with a different name. Internet that can be summarized as:

Advantages and Disadvantages of Talk/News Radio Personal Information: If you use the Internet, your
personal information such as your name, address, etc. Can be
Advantages: accessed by other people. If you use a credit card to ship
online, then your credit card information can also be ‘stolen’
1. Most interactive- the radio allows listeners to call on and which could be akin to giving someone a blank check.
talk to a radio personality immediately about a subject they are
discussing. This makes the situation more interactive where a Pornography: This is very serious issue concerning the
variety of listeners can interject their opinion and create a Internet, especially when it comes to young children. There are
dialogue between the listening community. thousands of pornographic sites on the Internet that can be
easily found and can be a detriment to letting children use the
2. Up to date and Accessible- radio is free and can be heard Internet.
from a portable transmitter like a walkman, or in the car. This
allows the listener to receive up to date information as events Spamming: This refers to sending unsolicited e-mails in
are unfolding from virtually anywhere. bulk, which serve no purpose and unnecessarily clog up the
entire system.
Disadvantages:
Traditional Face-to-Face Learning - This refers to a learning
1. Bias- Often the news is heard through the voice of someone delivery modality where the students and the teacher are both
who is interjecting their opinion into whatever the news may be physically present in the classroom, and there are opportunities
about. This can subject the information to bias and promote for active engagement, immediate feedback, and socio-
possibly one, and not all sides of the story. emotional development of learners.
2. Fleeting- With other programming conflicts and obligations, Type/Modality/Approach/Strategy
often news on the radio is fleeting, which means information is
subject to change with each news update. MISOSA
With the access of information today it’s important to remember IMPACT
where you are getting ou news from.
OHSP
4. Audiographic teleconferencing - (Or “electronic
whiteboarding”, “screen sharing”) A form of teleconferencing in Project EASE
real time using both an audio and a data connection. The
computer screen is shared by more than one site, and used as Face to Face and Modular Learning
an electronic blackboard, overhead projector or still cideo
Community-based Instruction (ALS)
projector. Some systems allow for sharing software also.
Modified Shifting of Classes (MSC)
5. Online technologies
In the shifting of classes, teaching is directly focused on
The Advantages & Disadvantages of The Internet:
concepts with corresponding activities. Supplemental activities
Internet can be known as a kind of global meeting place where and Assessments shall be done, brought by the learners when
people from all parts of the world can come together. It is a shifted at home. The shifting depends on how many days the
service available on the computer, through which everything competencies could be covered based on the competency
under the sun is now at the fingertips of anyone who has codes and the number of competencies to be covered in all
access to the Internet. learning areas.

To get ‘online’, meaning to connect to the Internet, you need to Shifting of Classes with Dyadic Teaching (SCDT)
have:
In this scheme, there would be two teachers inside the class
A computer: Computer equipment is a sizeable investment per learning area. The number of learners they would handle
and thus you should select a computer carefully. should be the total number of learners they handled in the
normal days. During the dyadic teaching, learners have to go
Internet Service Provider: This is the software that you will through series of individual activities after teaching the learning
require to get online. You can now choose from a dial-up competencies to be facilitated, monitored by the two teachers.
service or 24-hour broadband services. This is the service that
will help you to connect to the Internet and start your surfing ESM-Focused Teaching (Junior HS) (ESMT) In this
experiences. approach, only English, Science and Mathematics shall be
taught in school. Other learning areas shall be using the
Advantages of the Internet modular, home-based approach.

The Internet provides opportunities galore, and can be used for RESM-Focused Teaching (Elementary) (RESMT) In this
a variety of things. Some of the things that you can do via the approach, only Reading, English, Science and Mathematics
Internet are: shall be taught in school. Other learning areas shall be using
the modular,home-based approach.
E-mail: E-mail is an online correspondence system. With e-
mail you can send and receive instant electronic messages, Core/Specialized-Focused Teaching (SHS) (CST) In this
which works like writing letters. Your messages are approach, only core and specialized subjects shall be taught in
deliveredinstantly to people anywhere in the world, unlike school. Applied subjects shall be using the home-based, life
traditional mail that takes a lot of time. skill, modular approach.

Access Information: The Internet is a virtual treasure trove Distance Learning This refers to a learning delivery modality
of information. Any kind of information on any topic under the where learning takes place between the teacher and the
learners who are geographically remote from each other during
instruction. This modality has three types: Modular Distance The use of the print materials/learning resources ( modules,
Learning (MDL), Online Distance Learning (ODL), and worksheets, activity sheets, etc.)
TV/Radio-Based Instruction.
The use of digital packets (learning materials)
Modular Distance Learning - individualized instruction that
allows learners to use self-learning modules (SLMs) in print or
digital format/electronic copy,

Suggested Platforms/Resources/Mechanisms:
What is Distance Learning?
The use of Learning Resource Materials/Modules in
This refers to a learning delivery modality where learning takes
multimedia (slides, video and audio files)
place between the teacher and the learners who are
Digital Packets (Learning Materials) geographically remote from each other during instruction.

The use e-learning materials What is Modular Distance Learning?

The use of computer-based learning resources Learning is in the form of individualized instruction that allows
learners to use self-learning modules (SLMs) in print or digital
Online Distance Learning - teacher as facilitator, engaging format/electronic copy, whichever is applicable in the context of
learners’ active participation through the use of various the learner and other learning resources like Learner’s
technologies accessed through the internet while they are Materials, textbooks, activity sheets, study guides and other
geographically remote from each other during instruction. study materials.
0nline learning allows live synchronous instruction. This is
practiced effectively by using a Learning Management System What is Online Distance Learning?
or related technologies. The DepEd Commons and LR Portal
It features the teacher facilitating learning and engaging
fall in this category.
learners’ active participation using various technologies
TV/Radio-Based Instruction utilizes SLMs converted to video accessed through the internet while they are geographically
lessons for Television-Based Instruction and SLMs converted remote from each other during instruction.
to radio script for RadioBased Instruction. Distance learning
What is Home Schooling?
modality is most viable for independent learners, and learners
supported by periodic supervision of parents or guardians. The It is an alternative delivery mode (ADM) that aims to provide
challenge will be in dealing with learners not capable of learners with equal access to quasslity basic education through
independent learning. This is the subject of further discussion a home-based environment to be facilitated by qualified
within DepEd, and with partners and parents. parents, guardians or tutors who have undergone relevant
training.
Suggested Platforms/Resources/Mechanisms:
What is Blended Learning?
The use of virtual classrooms e.g. Google Classroom, Edmodo,
Schoology This refers to a learning modality that allows for a combination
of face to face and online distance learning (ODL), face-to-face
The use of Web-Enhanced Learning Activities
and modular distance learning (MDL), face-to-face and
Free access to OERs (Open Educational Resources) TV/Radio-based Instruction (RBI), and face-to-face learning
and a combination with two or more types of distance learning.
Access to LR Portals
What is Traditional Face-to-Face Learning?
Access to DepEd Commons
This refers to a learning delivery modality where the students
Free access and observance of Intellectual Property and the teacher are both physically present in the classroom,
Rights to some of the educational sites/resources; and there are opportunities for active engagement, immediate
feedback, and socio-emotional development of learners.
BrainPop
What is Alternative Delivery Modes (ADM)?
Curiosity Stream
Alternative Delivery Modes (ADM) are tried and tested
Tynker alternative modalities of education delivery within the confines
of the formal system that allow schools to deliver quality
Outschool
education to marginalized students and those at risk of
Udemy dropping out in order to help them overcome personal, social
and economic constraints in their schooling.
Blended Learning- learning delivery that combines face-to-
face with any or a mix of online distance learning, modular
distance learning, and TV/Radio-based Instruction. Blended
learning will enable the schools to limit face-to-face learning,
ensure social distancing, and decrease the volume of people
outside the home at any given time.

Suggested Platforms/Resources/Mechanisms:

The use of print/non-print learning materials such as but

not limited to the following:

Modules

Worksheets

Activity Sheets

The use of gadgets for K to 3 SpEd learners

Homeschooling -This is an Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM)

that aims to provide learners with access to quality basic
education through a home-based environment to be facilitated
by qualified parents, guardians or tutors who have undergone
relevant training. It allows families to educate according to their
personal faith, philosophy, and values, and to adjust learning
schedules around family schedules and circumstances.
However, there remain several issues in its implementation,
including the supervision of licensed teachers and alignments
with the curriculum. Thus, this modality will be the subject of a
later DepEd issuance before its expansion.

Suggested Platforms/Resources/Mechanisms: