UNIT 4: FOR A BETTER

COMMUNITY
PART I: THEORY
A. VOCABULARY
New words (Từ mới)
Words Type Pronunciation Meaning
access (n) /ˈækses/ sự tiếp cận
advertisement =
(n) /ədˈvɜːtɪsmənt/ /ˈædvɜːt/ quảng cáo
advert
announcement (n) /əˈnaʊnsmənt/ thông báo
application (n) /ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃn/ đơn xin gia nhập
apply (v) /əˈplaɪ/ xin vào
appreciate (v) /əˈpriːʃieɪt/ trân trọng
area (n) /ˈeəriə/ khu vực
available (adj) /əˈveɪləbl/ rảnh, sẵn sàng
be willing to (v) /biː ˈwɪlɪŋ tuː/ sẵn sàng, tự nguyện
benefit (v) /ˈbenɪfɪt/ giúp ích
boost (v) /buːst/ thúc đẩy
by chance /baɪ ʧɑːns/ tình cờ
care about (v) /keər əˈbaʊt/ quan tâm đến
careful ≠ careless (adj) /ˈkeəfl/ ≠ /ˈkeələs/ cẩn thận ≠ cẩu thả
centre (n) /ˈsentə(r)/ trung tâm
charity (n) /ˈtʃærəti/ hội từ thiện
cheerful (adj) /ˈtʃɪəfl/ vui vẻ
communication skills (n) /kəˌmjuːnɪˈkeɪʃən skɪlz/ kĩ năng giao tiếp
community (n) /kəˈmjuːnəti/ cộng đồng
community service (n) /kəˈmjuːnɪti ˈsɜːvɪs/ dịch vụ cộng đồng
confidence (n) /ˈkɒnfɪdəns/ sự tự tin
confused (adj) /kənˈfjuːzd/ bối rối
contact with (v) /ˈkɒntækt wɪð/ kết nối với
course (n) /kɔːs/ khóa học
deadline (n) /ˈdedlaɪn/ hạn chót
deliver (v) /dɪˈlɪvə(r)/ phân phát, giao hàng
development (n) /dɪˈveləpmənt/ sự phát triển
digital technology (n) /ˈdɪdʒɪtl tekˈnɒlədʒi/ công nghệ số
disaster (n) /dɪˈzɑːstə(r)/ thảm họa
donate (v) /dəʊˈneɪt/ hiến tặng, đóng góp
donation (n) /dəʊˈneɪʃn/ vật hiến tặng, sự đóng góp
duty (n) /ˈdjuːti/ /ˈduːti/ nghĩa vụ
endless (adj) /ˈendləs/ vô tận
essential (adj) /ɪˈsenʃl/ cần thiết
experience (n) /ɪkˈspɪəriəns/ kinh nghiệm
export (n) /ˈekspɔːt/ sự xuất khẩu
flooded area (n) /ˈflʌdɪd ˈeri:ə/ vùng lũ lụt
focus on (v) /ˈfoʊkəs ɑːn/ tập trung vào

1
food bank (n) /fuːd bæŋk/ điểm từ thiện thức ăn
form (n) /fɔːm/ mẫu đơn
gain (v) /ɡeɪn/ đạt được
generous (adj) /ˈdʒenərəs/ hào phóng
handmade items (n) /ˌhændˈmeɪd ˈaɪt̬əmz/ đồ thủ công
hardship (n) /ˈhɑːdʃɪp/ sự nghèo đói, sự thiếu thốn
hard-working (adj) /ˌhɑːd ˈwɜːkɪŋ/ chăm chỉ
homeless (adj) /ˈhəʊmləs/ vô gia cư
hopeful ≠ hopeless (adj) /ˈhəʊpfl/≠ /ˈhəʊpləs/ triển vọng ≠ vô vọng
increase (n) /ɪnˈkriːs/ sự gia tăng
interest (n) /ˈɪntrəst/ /ˈɪntrest/ sở thích
international (n) /ˌɪntəˈnæʃnəl/ quốc tế
interview (n) /ˈɪntəvjuː/ buổi phỏng vấn
involved (adj) /ɪnˈvɒlvd/ tham gia
life-saving (n) /ˈlaɪf seɪvɪŋ/ kĩ năng cứu đuối nước
local (adj) /ˈləʊkl/ thuộc địa phương
non-governmental (adj) /ˌnɒn ˌɡʌvnˈmentl/ phi chính phủ
non-profit (adj) /ˌnɒn ˈprɒfɪt/ phi lợi nhuận
object (n) /ˈɒbdʒɪkt/ /ˈɒbdʒekt/ vật thể
offer (v) /ˈɒfə(r)/ phục vụ, yêu cầu
opportunity (n) /ˌɒpəˈtjuːnəti/ cơ hội
organization (n) /ˌɔːɡənaɪˈzeɪʃn/ tổ chức
orphanage (n) /ˈɔːfənɪdʒ/ trại trẻ mồ côi
participate (v) /pɑːˈtɪsɪpeɪt/ tham gia
position (n) /pəˈzɪʃn/ vị trí
positive (adj) /ˈpɒzətɪv/ tích cực
practical (adj) /ˈpræktɪkl/ thực tế, thiết thực
project (n) /ˈprɒdʒekt/ dự án
purpose (n) /ˈpɜːpəs/ mục đích
quality (n) /ˈkwɒləti/ phẩm chất
raise (v) /reɪz/ làm tăng lên, quyên góp
realise (v) /ˈriːəlaɪz/ nhận ra
record (v) /ˈrekɔːd/ ghi chép lại
regular (adj) /ˈreɡjələ(r)/ thông thường
reliable (adj) /rɪˈlaɪəbl/ đáng tin cậy
remote (adj) /rɪˈməʊt/ xa xôi, hẻo lánh
revise (v) /rɪˈvaɪz/ ôn lại
service (n) /ˈsɜːvɪs/ dịch vụ
similar (adj) /ˈsɪmələ(r)/ tương đồng
skill (n) /skɪl/ kĩ năng
sort (v) /sɔːt/ sắp xếp
successful (adj) /səkˈsesfl/ thành công
suffering (n) /ˈsʌfərɪŋ/ sự đau đớn, sự bất hạnh
thankful = grateful (adj) /ˈθæŋkfl/ /ˈɡreɪtfl/ biết ơn
time management /taɪm ˈmænədʒmənt
(n) kĩ năng quản lí thời gian
skills skɪlz/
useful (adj) /ˈjuːsfl/ hữu dụng
various (adj) /ˈveəriəs/ đa dạng
village (n) /ˈvɪlɪdʒ/ ngôi làng

2
 tình nguyện viên, làm tình
volunteer (n,v) /ˌvɒlənˈtɪə(r)/
nguyện

B. GRAMMAR
I. Past simple and past continuous (Review)
Past Simple (Quá khứ đơn) Past Continuous (Quá khứ tiếp diễn)
Công thức Công thức
(+ S + V(-ed/ cột 2) (+ S + was/ were + V-ing
) )
(-) S + didn't + V nguyên (-) S + was/ were + not + V-ing
(? Did + S + V nguyên? (? Was/ Were + S + V-ing?
) )
Cách dùng Cách dùng
- Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra và chấm dứt - Hành động diễn ra tại thời điểm xác định
hoàn toàn trong quá khứ. trong quá khứ
E.g: My mother left this city 2 years ago. E.g: I was watching TV at 9 o'clock last
- Diễn đạt các hành động xảy ra liên tiếp night.
trong quá khứ
E.g: She came home, switched on the
computer and checked her e-mails.
Dấu hiệu Dấu hiệu
- last night/ year/month, yesterday, ago (2 - at this time last night, at this moment last
years ago), in + năm trong quá khứ (in year, at 8 p.m last night, while,...
1999)

II. Past simple and past continuous with “When” and “While”
- Hành động đang xảy ra thì có hành động khác xen vào
S1 + QKTD + when + S2 +
QKÐ
E.g: I was watching TV when she came home.
When + S1 + QKÐ, S2 +
QKTD
E.g: When she came home, I was watching television.
Dùng “while” hoặc
- Những hành động xảy ra song song
“when” để chỉ mối liên hệ
S1 + QKTD + while + S2 +
giữa 2 hành động xảy ra
QKTD
trong quá khứ.
E.g: She was doing her homework while I was preparing
dinner.
While + S1 + QKTD, S2 +
QKTD
E.g: While they were running, we were walking.
- Thói quen xấu với trạng từ “always”
E.g: He was constantly talking. He annoyed everyone.

PART II:
A. PHONETIC
LANGUAGE
Exercise 1. Choose the correct option for stress for the word in italic
1. A. Food prices increased by 10% in a year.
a. ’increased b. in’creased

3
 B. The temperature increase was quite small.
a. ‘increase b. in’crease
2. A. The car was in perfect condition.
a. ‘perfect b. per’fect
B. The best way to perfect your English is to live in a country where it’s spoken.
a. ‘perfect b. per’fect
3. A. She was presented with an award.
a. ’presented b. pre’sented
B. The present situation could get much worse.
a. ’present b. pre’sent
4. A. High duties were placed on luxury imports.
a. ’imports b. im’ports
B. In 2021, Britain exported more cars than it imported.
a.’imported b. im’ported
5. A. The snow was icy and white, contrasting with the brilliant blue sky.
a.’contrasting b. con’trasting
B. The artist has used contrast marvelously in his paintings.
a. ’contrast b. con’trast
6. A. She’s promised to do all she can to help.
a. ’promised b. pro’mised
B. She made a promise to visit them once a month.
a. ’promise b. pro’mise

Exercise 2. Find the word which has a different stress pattern from the others.
1. A. homeless B. provide C. donate D. remote
2. A. contact B. equip C. service D. interest
3. A. benefit B. charity C. generous D. volunteer
4. A. already B. deliver C. management D. announcement
5. A. activity B. experience C. application D. appreciate
6. A. release B. local C. hardship D. village
7. A. purpose B. blanket C. forward D. reward
8. A. participate B. secondary C. development D. immediately
9. A. afternoon B. teenager C. orphanage D. family
10. A. popular B. similar C. refugee D.
national

Exercise 3. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined.
1. A. area B. beach C. peace D. sea
2. A. wide B. child C. unit D. countryside
3. A. theatre B. thousand C. through D. though
4. A. contest B. listen C. taste D. coast
5. A. activities B. dishes C. buses D. houses
6. A. rural B. surprise C. successful D. volunteer
7. A. application B. benefit C. non-profit D.
narrow-minded
8. A. reference B. remote C. reaction D. creation
9. A. area B. market C. martyr D.
archaeology
10. A. dedicated B. demonstrate C. development D.
delicate
4
B. VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR
Exercise 1. Complete the sentences with the words given
donate generous participate deliver community
join join in sense benefit remote

1. Several voluntary organisations are trying to provide community care.

2. We join a volunteering group, and join in several volunteering campaigns.
3. They are working together to benefit the whole community.
4. Their houses are remote from the village.
5. It was generous of him to donate a big sum of money to the orphanage.
6. The concert organisers say they will donate all the profits to charity.
7. They set off to deliver supplies to a flooded village.
8. You should participate in the volunteer club, and you will understand the sense of
purpose in life.

Exercise 2. Fill in each blank with a suitable word or phrase from the box.
generous donated remote volunteer various
raised delivering participate items benefits

1. The professor donated his books to the library last Saturday.

2. Working with us in this project means that it's a volunteer job with no paid salary.
3. Our neighbour is very generous as he often buys things for other people.
4. Peasants in remote areas of the country used to be exploited by wealthy landowners.
5. The new factory will bring considerable benefits to the area.
6. There are various techniques for dealing with industrial pollution.
7. I hope everyone will participate in this discussion and we'll have a solution.
8. Many items in daily use are made out of plastic.
9. She raised a very important question at the meeting.
10. He worked as a volunteer, delivering hot meals to poor patients in hospitals.

Exercise 3. Complete the sentences with the words given

donate confidence orphanage meaningful volunteers

charity helpful endless food bank homeless
1. All the money raised by the concert will go to charity.
2. Those women sell their jewelry, and donate the money to charity.
3. Most of the relief work was done by volunteers.
4. That celebrity agreed to arrive at the event to encourage volunteers to help the
homeless.
5. That programme provides a(n) food bank to help children from poor families perform
better in school.
6. Our organization will provide you with endless opportunities for helping people in need.
7. The win boosted the team’s confidence.
8. My father showed us that life was not meaningful without work.
9. It is helpful to discuss your problems with your friends.
10. You can work as a social worker or a volunteer at a(n) orphanage in your free time.

Exercise 4. Complete the sentences with the correct preposition.

1. Students in our school raised money, old books, and clothes for charity.
2. He likes to give a small amount of what he earns to charity.
3. The programme helps students get some experience of the world of work.
5
4. The road they built is a direct benefit to the villagers.
5. Many workers have little attachment to the company.
6. The children are aware of the danger of cyberbullying.
7. Many young people are ignorant of recent history.
8. The internet is a tool that is useful for all of us.
9. They want to walk 30 miles for charity.
10. He advised me to get experience in a related field like travel.

Exercise 5. Supply the correct form of the word in the brackets.

1. She received a refund on the unused tickets. (use)
2. Julia was an orphan and lived with her aunt when she was a child. (orphanage)
3. He underwent a lot of hardships in his childhood. (child)
4. The flat has four separate bedrooms and a communal kitchen. (commune)
5. It's scary to see the flooded river carried trees along. (flood)
6. This is the biggest donation we've had up to now. (donate)
7. Governments are constantly striving to create equality. (equal)
8. They are a poor and underdeveloped nation. (develop)
9. She is currently a voluntary worker at the hospital. (volunteer)
10. The entire organization is funded by charitable donations. (charity)

Exercise 6. Choose the best option A, B, C or D.

1. I particularly have a(n) _______ in working with children.
A. luck B. opportunity C. chance D. interest
2. The win _______ the confidence of the football team.
A. rose B. helped C. grew D. boosted
3. They had to sit through _______ meetings, and they felt very tired.
A. finishing B. ending C. endless D. ends
4. The elderly people in our neighbourhood appreciated the _______ of the place.
A. cleaning out B. cleaning away C. cleaning up D. cleaning on
5. Many teenagers _______ their applications to become volunteers in that summer
campaign.
A. give out B. give in C. send in D. send away
6. Many people who _______ think that they are very fortunate to live the way of giving all
children
A. volunteer B. volunteers C. volunteering D. voluntary
7. I would like to continue to lend my helping hands to achieve the goal of giving all children
an equal chance of having _______ futures.
A. succeed B. successive C. successful D. succeeding
8. Last year we _______ in the Community Village project in Mai Chau, Hoa Binh while the
disabled artisans _______ to follow their trades.
A. join – are trying B. joined – were trying
C. joined – had tried D. were joining – were trying
9. During the volunteer programme, they _______ up international understanding while they
_______
For the needs of the local community.
A. builds – are working B. were building –
were working
C. were building - worked D. built - were building
10. _______ also helped to set up and arrange two retail stalls, selling the
products to visitors.
A. Volunteer B. Volunteers C. Volunteering D. Voluntary
11. If you don't have time to volunteer, you can__________ money and food.

6
 A. participate B. boost C. donate D. deliver
12. This clean water project will ______________the people in the village.
A. benefit B. donate C. raise D. volunteer
13. Our club needs more_____________ to clean up the park at the weekend.
A. spectators B. assistants C. volunteers D. electrician
14. I am ___________________ in community development activities.
A. interested B. interesting C. excited D. exciting
15. There are ________________ volunteering opportunities in our community.
A. excite B. excitedly C. excited D. exciting
16. They visit a retirement home and ____ time doing fun activities with the elderly who lack
immediate family.
A. spend B. lose C. waste D. consume
17. Fundraising for charity is a ____ thing for everyone to do to help the community.
A. meant B. meaningful C. meaningless D. meaning
18. Both community ____ and volunteerism are an investment in our community and the
people who live in it.
A. life B. language C. performance D. service
19. We hope that students themselves will enjoy taking part ______ the projects.
A. in B. on C. at D. for
20. Many international volunteer organizations are trying to find a ____ to the problem of
world hunger.
A. way B. method C. suggestion D. solution
21. Chloe_____________ in my wardrobe when I _____________ her.
A. hid - found B. was hiding - found
C. was hiding - was finding D. hid - was finding
22. We _____________ many sport cars when we _____________ for the bus.
A. saw - were waiting B. were seeing -
waited
C. saw - waited D. were seeing - were waiting
23. The taxi driver _____________ very fast when the accident_____________.
A. drove was - happening B. drove - happened
C. wasn't driving - happened D. wasn't driving - was happening
24. My sister _____________ the dishes when it _____________ out of her hand.
A. was washing - was slipping B. washed - was slipping
C. washed - slipped D. was washing - slipped
25. She _____________ the news while I_____________ the ironing.
A. was reading - did B. read - did
C. read- was doing D. was reading -was doing
26. While he _____________ the house, he_____________ some glasses
A. was cleaning - broke B. was cleaning -
was breaking
C. cleaned - was breaking D. cleaned - broke
27. The laptop's battery _____________ out of energy when she _____________ the websites.
A. was running - surfed B. ran - was surfing
C. was running - was surfing D. ran - surfed
28. Alexandre _____________ out of the window when dark clouds_____________.
A. was looking - were appearing B. was looking - appeared
C. looked - appeared D. looked - were
appearing
29. The photographer _____________ some photos when the model _____________.
A. was B. took - acted taking - acted
C. took - was acting D. was taking - was acting

7
30. While our dad _____________ the gardening, my brother _____________ the lesson.
A. did - revised B. did -was revising
C. was doing - revised D. was doing -was
revising
31. It _____________ to rain while my dad _____________ the flowers in the garden.
A. started - was watering B. was starting - was watering
C. was starting - watered D. started - watered
32. While the children _____________, their parents _____________ social media.
A. slept - checked B. slept - were checking
C. were sleeping - were checking D. were sleeping - checked
33. The thieves _____________ (hide) in the basement when the policeman _____________
(surround) in the building.
A. hid - was surrounding B. were hiding - surrounded
C. were hiding - was surrounding D. hid - surrounded
34. He_____________ a lot of friendly people while he _____________ as a volunteer.
A. met - worked B. was meeting - worked
C. was meeting - was working D. met - was working
35. He _____________ the television, his coat and _____________ out.
A. turned off -put on -was walking B. turned off - put on - walked
C. turned off - was putting on - walked D. was turning off - put on - walked
36. He_____________ a poor sense of direction and soon _____________ lost in the jungle.
A. had -was getting B. was having -got
C. had got D. was having -was getting
37. Linh _____________ English at university when he _____________ to play the guitar.
A. was studying - was learning B. studied - was learning
C. studied learnt D. was studying - learnt
38. While Henry _____________ an ice-cream, his sister _____________ with other kids.
A. was having -was playing B. had -played
C. had was playing D. was having was playing
39. I _____________ (see) a famous celebrity when I_____________ in the supermarket
yesterday.
A. saw -shopped B. saw - was shopping
C. was seeing - shopped D. was seeing -was shopping
40. She _____________ when I_____________ (have) a shower, so I_____________ the door.
A. arrived - had - wasn't answering B. was arriving - was having - didn't answer
C. arrived - was having - didn't answer D. was arriving - had - wasn't answering

Exercise 7. Choose the answer which is CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined

words.
1. We have made some minor changes to the program.
A. small B. super C. large D. low
2. Through play children act out and learn how to master situations.
A. adapt B. become proficient C. exchange D. deal with
3. Agriculture used to be the economic backbone of this country.
A. aspect B. field C. foundation D. weakness
4. We've had to make some adjustments to original calculations.
A. derivative B. premier C. modified D. first
5. His research has contributed enormously to our understanding of the disease.
A. kept B. added C. deducted D. divided

Exercise 8. Choose the answer which is OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined

words.

8
1. The community is appealing to everyone to save water.
A. rescue B. waste C. use D. store
2. You can't be dependent on your parents all your life.
A. related B. reliant C. helpless D. independent
3. Cheap goods are available, but not in sufficient quantities to satisfy demand.
A. enough B. adequate C. poor D. abundant
4. He closed his business voluntarily and signed his assets over to someone else.
A. unwillingly B. freely C. readily D. intentionally
5. There have been some fundamental structural changes in society.
A. nonessential B. basic C. important D. foundational

Exercise 7. Choose the correct adjectives.

1. I’m really annoyed / annoying because I can’t find my mobile phone.
2. I love parties. They’re really excited/ exciting.
3. I’ll be surprised/ surprising if Viet Nam win the World Cup.
4. I don’t like this film. It’s bored/ boring.
5. This TV programme is very interested/ interesting.
6. I forgot her name. It was really embarrassed / embarrassing.
7. We really enjoyed the film. It was very entertained/ entertaining.
8. I worked hard last term, but my exam results were disappointed / disappointing.
9. The children were fascinated/ fascinating by the clown’s performance.
10. This weather is very depressed/ depressing. It really gets me down.
11. It was an exhausted / exhausting tennis match, but he won in the end.
12. Mai had studied hard for her exams and her results were very satisfied/ satisfying.

Exercise 8. Complete the sentences with the –ed or ing form of the verbs in
brackets.
1. She’s very pleased (please) with my new laptop.
2. He was very disappointed (disappoint) when his best friend didn’t give him a birthday
present.
3. The weather’s really depressing (depress). It’s raining today and it rained yesterday,
too.
4. That film is really amusing (amuse). I laughed all the way through it.
5. It’s Sunday afternoon and Sue’s got nothing to do. She’s really bored (bore).
6. That maths question was really confusing (confuse).
7. He’s delighted (delight). He passed his driving test this morning.
8. They’re going to watch their favorite group at a concert tonight. They’re very excited
(excite).

Exercise 9. Complete the sentences with the appropriate adjectives from the nouns
below and the suffixes –ful or –less.

meaning care hope colour use power

1. A. There is a(n) colourful display of flowers in the school garden.
B. Carbon dioxide is a(n) colourless and odourless gas.
2. A. The villagers were powerless against the rising flood water.
B. G7 is the group of the richest and the most powerful countries in the world.
3. A. It was careless of him to leave the front door unlocked last night.
B. He is a(n) careful driver because he has never caused accidents.
4. A. Things might get better, and it looks hopeful right now.
B. Most of the students are making good progress, but Mike is a(n) hopeless case.
5. A. Having a job after retirement makes life more meaningful.
9
 B. I don’t understand this phrase because it is meaningless.
6. A. Without fuel, a vehicle becomes useless for moving supplies.
B. A sharp knife is very useful in the kitchen.

Exercise 10. Supply the correct form of the verb in the brackets.
1. Yesterday, he was talking (talk) to his guests when I entered (enter) the room.
2. Who were you speaking (you speak) to when I saw (see) you last night?
3. Last year Emily was travelling (travel) in Viet Nam when she lost (lose) her passport.
4. We haven’t seen (not see) each other since the date we graduated (graduate) from
high school.
5. She took (take) a lot of photos as we were sitting (sit) in a wedding party last night.
6. While Mr. Lane was having (have) dinner, his dog was eating (eat) his steaks.
7. Last Monday we were discussing (discuss) the problem when Robert stood (stand) up
to leave.
8. We were watching (watch) some video clips while we were waitting (wait) for you
some minutes ago.
9. They were drinking (drink) tea when a nice girl came (come) to their table.
10. The children were playing (play) in the park while their parents were looking (look)
after them.

Exercise 11. Supply the correct form of the verbs in the past simple or the past
continuous.
1. When she opened (open) the door, it was raining (rain).
2. While I was studying (study), I suddenly felt (suddenly feel) sleepy.
3. We were listening (listen) to music when my mother phoned (phone).
4. Anna was having (have) a shower when her phone rang (ring).
5. When I was going (go) to school, it started (start) to rain.
6. The electricity was going (go) out when Jim was reading (read) in his room.
7. Were you thinking (you think) of her when she called (call) you?
8. They were waitting (wait) for me when I arrived (arrive).
9. He was climbing (climb) a mountain when the storm began (begin).
10. While Brian was driving (drive), he saw (see) saw an accident.
11. She was reading (read) when the lights went (go) off.
12. It began (begin) to rain when I was cycling (cycle) home.
13. When I woke (wake) up this morning, it was (be) still dark.
14. I was walking (walk) downstairs when I heard (hear) a thunder.
15. We were playing (play) chess in class when the teacher came (come) in.
16. When they left (leave) work for home, the sun was still shining (still shine).
17. James ran (run) into an old friend while he was walking (walk) home.
18. What were you doing (you do) when your phone rang (ring)?
19. Mr. and Mrs. Wilson were having (have) lunch when the visitors arrived (arrive).
20. When Mr. Kelvin came (come) home, his child was sleeping (sleep).

Exercise 12. Choose the underlined words that need correction.

1. People no longer live-in small communities to the same extent than they used to.
A B C D
2. Added training is probably the best way to further your career these days.
A B C D
3. The money was donated by a local businessman who wishes to remain anonymously.
A B C D
4. Arranged childcare over the school holidays can be quite a problem for working
parents.
10
 A B C D
5. The city developed fast in the past years, and lots of people come, and lots of people
come to seek
A B C D
opportunities.

11
 PART III: SKILLS

A Listening
Exercise 1. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).
Statements True False
1. Rosa Louise McCauley Parks was honored “mother of the

modem civil rights movement” by the US Congress.
2. She became an international icon representing the movement

against racism
3. She won a Nobel Peace Prize. 
4. From 1965 to 1988 she worked as a seamstress. 
5. She was voted as one of the 100 most influential figures of the

20th century by Time magazine

AUDIO SCRIPT
Rosa Louise McCauley Parks was born on February 4th, 1913. She was an African-
American human rights activist who was honored by the US Congress as the "mother of
the modern human rights movement".
On December 1, 1955 in Montgomery; Alabama, Parks, at the age of 42, turned down the
offer of the bus driver called James Blake to make room for a white passenger. Although
she was not the first to disobey the orders of racist proposals, Parks' action raised the
movement of boycotting Montgomery buses.
Her actions became a symbol of the modern human rights movement, and Parks became
an international icon representing the movement against racism, She organized and
collaborated with a lot of civil rights leaders, including Martin Luther King, who won a
Nobel Peace Prize. Although widely honored in later years, she also suffered for her act;
she was fired from her job as a seamstress in a local department store, and received
death threats for years afterwards.
From 1965 to 1988 she served as a secretary and receptionist to John Conyers, an
African-American US Representative.
She was also active in the Black Power movement and the support of political prisoners
in the US.
She was voted as one of the 100 most Influential figures of the 20th century by Time
magazine. She died in October 24, 2005 at the age of 92.

B Speaking
Exercise 1. Match the sentences in column A with the sentences in column B.
A B
1. The agency is voluntary, not run for a. Oh, I was talking to a friend of mine.
profit. b. Yes, it is.
2. What did they do with the money? c. Why not? We should give him food.
3. He's well-known in the community. d. They made a big donation to charity.
4. Why do you want to be a volunteer? e. You're so kind and generous.

12
 5. I can spare some money for the homeless. f. I know. He's my neighbor.
6. Don't 1let that beggar in! g. I’ve learned something new and helped
7. I called you some minutes ago, but the some kids.
line was busy. h. The government should build free house
8. Is Red Cross an international charity? for them.
9. The poor has nowhere to live. i. Does that mean they don't need money?
10. You look very cheerful today. What's it? j. Because I find volunteer work very
interesting.
Answers
1.i 2.d 3.f 4.j 5.e
6.c 7.a 8.b 9.h 10.g

Exercise 2. Choose the best answers to complete the dialogues.

1. - A: The poor starve while the rich feast.
- B: __________________________________________________________.
A. I don't think they are the
B. poor. How rich they are!
C. That's really a big feast.
D. Do you know that most of the rich used to be the poor?
2. - A: __________________________________________________________.
- B: I gave a small donation.
A. Do you like your work at the childcare? B. What did you do at the funding event?
C. Who are the parents of that disable kid? D. Why do you want to help them?
3. - A: There are really people in more difficult conditions than us.
- B: __________________________________________________________.
A. That's true. B. We need to do more things than that.
C. It's my pleasure to help you. D. How difficult it is!
4. - A: __________________________________________________________.
- B: That's why we provided them with food first.
A. Those men are among the richest in town. B. We didn't do
anything to save them.
C. They had no home to go back. D. They were miserable from hunger.
5. - A: Who will take part in this project?
- B: __________________________________________________________.
A. They'll start to take it soon. B. We've planned it.
C. Mary, Robert, and Kayla. D. This will be great!

Exercise 3. Choose the correct response. Then practice the short exchanges in pairs.
B: a) There are some charity centres.
1. A: Are there people who need help
b) They are some street children.
B: a) Teach a man to fish, and you feed him
2. A: Why should we train young people to for a lifetime.
get their own jobs? b) When they have jobs, they'll help us
with money.
3. A: What should we do first to help street B: a) They need healthy lifestyles
people? b) They need a shelter first
B: a) We helped local people widen some
4. A: What did you do in the Green Summer roads
Campaign? b) We could gain experience in social
work.
5. A: I can't donate money. B: a) You can contribute time and work.

13
 b) You can donate cheques or cash.
6. A: Why did you pick up litter on the
B: a) We tried to protect the environment.
beach?
b) We protected the necessary facilities.

B: a) We helped take care of war invalids.

7. A: What did you do at the nursing home? b) We helped old people have happy
time.
B: a) They're basic facilities for their lives.
8. A: Why should we help villagers repair
b) They need a healthy environment,
their houses and have running water?
too.
9. A: I taught poor children in evening B: a) It sounds great!
classes. b) That’s a good idea!
B: a) We need reliable volunteers for our
10. A: How can we help the disadvantaged office.
in our neighbourhood? b) We can raise the issue in the next
meeting.

Exercise 4. Complete the conversation with the sentences from the box.
A. Can I also come to help the kids?
B. What program?
C. How often do you get there, the childcare?
D. Let me check it again and tell you later.
E. What do you mean "play"?
F. By staying with them and playing with them we can help to
make them have more fun and live better.

Jane
I’m going to join a volunteer program next week.
s:
Luca
Really? (1) What program? What are you going to do?
s:
Jane
We're going to play with disabled kids at a childcare.
s:
Luca (2) I What do you mean "play"? think that you will do something instead of playing
s: with the kids.
You know, some kids at the childcare always feel lonely. Most of the kids there
Jane don't know who their parents are, and they have never had a chance to meet them.
s: (3) By staying with them and playing with them we can help to make them have
more fun and live better.
Luca
Oh, that's it. (4) How often do you get there, the childcare?
s:
Jane I've visited it three times, and have done volunteer work there for two times, half a
s: day each time.
Luca
That's amazing. (5) Can I also come to help the kids?
s:
Jane I'm afraid that you have to register in advance so that the organizer can have a list
s: of participants and assign work.
Luca
Can I register now?
s:
Jane
(6) Let me check it again and tell you later.
s:
Luca Oh, thanks a lot.

14
s:
Jane
Never mind.
s:

Exercise 5. Complete the conversation between the reporter and Nun Nguyen about
Hai Bang's story of her forever lasting smile, using the responses (A-F) given. There
is an extra one.
A. With great help from the FPT team, Hai Bang and I were able to reach Operation
Smile's examining day.
B. Instead, with her smile, she can live as a normal person: having friends and
attending school.
C. Hai Bang did not cry, she just lay in hospital bed and looked at us with her lovely
bright eyes.
D. It took me days to days to take care of the baby and she was getting better little by
little.
E. But if she wishes to go to college, I will also do my best to support her. We think
schooling is a priority task.
We heard
F. When the doctor saidthat
thatHai
sheBang has
could left hospital
receive surgeryafter
the the surgery.
following It'severybody
day, good news
Reporter : for both of you, and it's a long story before the forever lasting smile. When
was she taken to your pagoda?
Nun Nguyen Hai Bang was abandoned by her own mother when she was only 2 months
: old. At that time, the baby was hardly to eat anything even a little milk.
Reporter : Maybe the baby was malnourished, and what happened then?
Nun Nguyen 1. D. It took me days to days to take care of the baby and she was getting
: better little by little.
Reporter : Of course, with effort, patience, and love. How could she get surgery?
One day, the crew from FPT arrived at our pagoda bringing great news for
the poor kid: Operation Smile had come to Ho Chi Minh City for the
Nun Nguyen
surgical mission.
:
2. A. With great help from the FPT team, Hai Bang and I were able to
reach Operation Smile's examining day.
Reporter : And when did Hai Bang receive the operation?
Nun Nguyen 3. F. When the doctor said that she could receive surgery the following
: day, everybody was filled with happiness and joy.
After the surgery, her life would change forever, and she would smile
Reporter :
brighter than ever after the surgery.
That's right. From now on, Hai Bang would no longer need to hide herself
Nun Nguyen
behind the pagoda's doors. 4. B. Instead, with her smile, she can live as a
:
normal person: having friends and attending school.
Reporter : Well, do you have any plans for Hai Bang now?
If she has strong belief in Buddhism, I will help her to become a nun
Nun Nguyen
5. E. But if she wishes to go to college, I will also do my best to support
:
her. We think schooling is a priority task.
Reporter : Thank you for the interview. Nun Nguyen.

C Reading
Exercise 1. Read the passage, and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D for each
question.

15
 Projects Abroad Vietnam is a Non-Governmental Organization. Its main placements
mainly focus on providing care for children with disabilities, and its main partners include
Hanoi Friendship Village, Hope Center, Phuc Tue Center for intellectual disabled children,
etc.
Standards of cleanliness and sanitation in care centres can often be quite poor. Many of
the children that attend daycare facilities also come from low-income families where this
isn't a priority. This means that the spread of infections and sickness is common. We educate
and run activities to promote proper hygiene, with the aim of improving overall health in
these care centres.
We aim to promote a lifestyle of proper nutrition, exercise and medical care and life skill
education targeting healthy behaviour. Our health education programme also includes
gender education. Volunteers are encouraged to include physical activities in their daily
routines, promoting healthy foods as well as good hygiene practices.
It has been shown that a lack of stimulation in early years, particularly in situations of
poverty or neglect, can lead to delayed development later in life. With that in mind, we aim
to improve the emotional and cognitive development of the children we work with through
regular games, activities and interaction with our volunteers, while taking care to include
and offer the same level of attention to each child.
In Viet Nam, there are very limited resources made available for people with disabilities.
Those with disabilities can be marginalized and have severely restricted opportunities
when it comes to finding work. This has a huge impact on their quality of life. By providing
individualized care and attention, we can give more specialized and worthwhile treatment to
those who are most in need.
1. The project tries to improve healthcare by_____________.
A. recording poor standards of cleanliness and sanitation in care centres
B. making daycare facilities available for low-income families
C. encouraging proper hygiene to improve overall health
D. educating and running activities to promote the quality of care centres
2. In order to promote healthy behaviour, volunteers should include the promotion of
_____________.
A. physical activities, proper nutrition, and life skill education
B. focusing on gender education only
C. healthy foods as well as good hygiene practices for volunteers
D. their daily routines to follow healthy foods as well as good hygiene practices
3. Volunteers offer_____________ to children to improve their emotional and cognitive
development
A. stimulation in early years
B. later development in life
C. the same level of interaction
D. regular games, activities and interaction
4. The programme provides _____________to disabled people so that they can find work more
easily.
A. opportunities to limited resources
B. a huge impact on their quality of life
C. specific care and attention
D. the emotional and cognitive development
5. The word "marginalized" in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to_____________.
A. put in the outer part
B. treated as if someone is not important
C. being different from the others
D. put in many activities.

16
Exercise 2. Read the passage and choose the best answer A, B, C or D to each
question.
Help Yourself by Helping Others
Volunteering helps others, but it can also help you, too. If you're upset about something
that's happened like a hurricane or other disaster - doing something about it can be a great
way to cope with your feelings.
Volunteering also lets you see your own life in new ways. Sometimes it’s easy to worry
about stuff like grades or get annoyed because you don't have the most expensive sneakers
or the newest computer game. Volunteering lets you spend some time focusing on others for
a while.
Lots of people - and kids - find that they really enjoy volunteering. Volunteer experiences
often put you in a different environment and expose you to people and situations that you
wouldn't have come across in your regular life. For instance, you might learn that just on the
edge of your town are some kids who really need winter clothes.
It feels good to be able to meet a need like that. You'll know that, thanks to you, some
kids have warm coats, hats, mittens, and boots. So whether it’s winter clothes, food for the
hungry, or homes for unwanted pets, doing volunteer work means one very important thing:
You make a difference in the world.
1. What does the author want to do in the first paragraph?
A. Answer how you're upset about something that's happened
B. Compare your anger with a hurricane or other disaster
C. Show you a great way to cope with your feelings
D. Explain why volunteering helps others but it can also help you
2. Why does the author mention the most expensive sneakers or the newest computer game
in the second paragraph?
A. To give examples of dealing with worries
B. To encourage you to buy the items
C. To try to change your mind
D. Because the author likes those items
3. The word "people" in the third paragraph mostly refers to ______________.
A. teenagers B. adults
C. everybody D. adults and children
4. What is the topic of the third and the fourth paragraphs?
A. Why you should do volunteer work.
B. Something you can do to help others.
C. There are many people in need.
D. Life is not that difficult.
5. The word "that" in the fourth paragraph refers to _______________.
A. the environment
B. people and situations that you have come across in your life
C. kids who need winter clothes
D. none of the above
6. According to the author, what is probably the most important thing of doing volunteer
work?
A. It makes a difference.
B. It's a way to cope with your feelings.
C. It lets you spend some time focusing on others instead of your worries
D. It helps you to learn that someone out there is in more difficult situations than you.

Exercise 3. Reading the text, and answer the questions.

Voluntourism

17
 Every year thousands of people take time out from their work or studies and travel
abroad. Some of them don't stay in hotels and they don't lie on the beach and sunbathe.
Instead, they help people in developing countries with local projects. This new way of travel
is called 'voluntourism'.
According to a recent travel survey, 25% of young people are interested in voluntourism.
Organizations like BUNAC and Raleigh International match people to projects around the
world. These organizations make a big difference in countries where children don't go to
school, or people don't have access to medical facilities. Volunteers often build new schools
and medical centres in Africa and Asia.
South America is a very popular destination, too, and right now hundreds of volunteers
work there. Eighteen-year-old Maria Black is a volunteer from the UK. At the moment, she is
teaching English in Chile. 'At the end of this week, I'm flying home, but more volunteers are
arriving tomorrow. It's a great experience, so I want to volunteer again next summer. You
see the world, learn about different cultures and help people, too."
1. What is voluntourism?
 It's travelling to other countries help people with local projects.
2. What is the percentage of young people interested in voluntourism?
 25% of young people are interested in voluntourism.
3. What are the popular destinations of interested in voluntourism?
 They are Africa, Asia, and South America.
4. What do people who take part in voluntourism do?
 They often build new schools and medical centres.
5. What is Maria Black doing at the moment?
 At the moment, she is teaching English in Chile.
6. What do volunteers like Maria Black experience?
 They see the world, learn about different cultures and help people.

Exercise 4. Read the text, and answer the questions.

Volunteer body collectors help lay Covid-19 victims to rest
Thu Ha-the leader-received a phone request to pick up the body of a dead Covid-19 victim
in Ho Chi Minh City, and then she called - Trung-a member for help, and he agreed without
hesitation. It's one of the tasks of Sunflower Volunteer Group.
Sunflower Volunteer Group has nearly 100 members, of which the burial team includes
about 20. Both Ha and Trung started out with driving ambulances and providing oxygen
tanks for Covid-19 patients. In August 2021, the number of deaths from Covid-19 rapidly
increased and the city's funeral service facilities were packed, they were transferred to a
group specializing in post-mortem examinations. Thu Ha admitted that at first she was quite
worried because she often had to come in close contact with the bodies of Covid-19 patients.
But she thought if she stayed at home who would do these things, so she did it again.
Her group members are clerks, teachers, bankers or even company directors. If they see
people in difficulty, they will help.
Her daily job is to receive information from local people and request support from the
Department of Health. When required, she assigns vehicles and tasks to each member. When
the ambulances set off, Thu Ha stays back to process death certificates, or deliver ashes to
relatives.
Thu Ha's team has supported the burial of about 300 people. Currently, the team
continues to help families whose members have passed away but cannot afford to pay for
their own burial.
1. What work did Thu Ha and Trung start their volunteering work?
 They started out with driving ambulances and providing oxygen tanks for Covid-19
patients.___________________________________________________________________________________

18
2. Why did they transfer to the burial team?
 Because in August 2021 the number of deaths from Covid-19 rapidly increased and
the city's funeral service facilities were packed.
3. What was she worried about?
 She was worried about coming in close contact with the dead bodies of Covid-19
patients.
4. Why did Thu Ha stay with the group?
 Because she thought if she stayed at home who would do those things.
5. What is her daily job?
 Her daily job is to receive information from local people and request support from the
Department of Health, assign vehicles and tasks to each member.
6. What is the current task of the team?
 It is to help families whose members have passed away but not afford to pay for their
own burial.

Exercise 5. Read the text and answer the questions

Friendly Visitors
Americans don't have to do military service, but many young people do voluntary community
service. In some schools they have to do 10 to 100 hours of community service if they want
to graduate. Many students enjoy the experience and continue as volunteers. Nina Davis is
16 and she is a Friendly Visitor volunteer. She visits Maggie Lewis every week. Maggie is 82
years old, and she lives alone. She doesn't have a family, so Nina's visits are very important
to her.
Nina:
"I joined Friendly Visitors last year as my community service project. Volunteers have to visit
an elderly person once a week, but I see Maggie twice or three times every week. I enjoy
visiting her. We talk about films and books. She loves watching science fiction films and she
has an amazing collection of DVDs. Her life isn't easy because she has to use a wheelchair.
She never asks me to do chores, but I sometimes wash the dishes and clear the table. It's
difficult for her to do these things. Maggie likes cooking and she makes delicious biscuits for
me to take home. I never think about our age difference. Maggie is a young person inside!"
Maggie:
'Before Nina started coming. I was very lonely. It was a lovely surprise when Nina arrived
one day. She comes here after school, and we talk about different things. She shows me
photos of her family and school. She likes playing chess, and we sometimes have a game. I
was a teacher when I was younger, and I help her with her homework. Her grades are better
these days. She takes me to the park when it' sunny. Volunteers don't have to do housework,
but Nina often does the grocery shopping for me. She also takes out the garbage. She's kind
to me. I am very grateful."
To become a Friendly Visitor volunteer, you must complete an application form and give
three references. For those under 18, parents have to give their permission.
1. Why are Nina's visits very important to Maggie?
 Because she doesn't have a family.
2. How often does Nina visit Maggie?
 She visits Maggie twice or three times every week.
3. Why is life difficult for Maggie?
 Because she has to use a wheelchair.
4. What chores does Nina do for Maggie?
 She sometimes washes the dishes and clears the table.
5. What game do Maggie and Nina play?
 They sometimes play a game of chess.
6. How does Maggie help Nina?

19
  She helps Nina with her homework.
7. Where do Maggie and Nina go on sunny days?
 They go to the park on sunny days.
8. What must you do if you want to become a Friendly Visitor volunteer?
 We must complete an application form and give three references, and if we are under
18, parents have.

Exercise 6. Read the passage and write True or False next to the sentences.
Charity is the act of giving help to those in need of it. It is a humanitarian act. It involves
giving money, goods or time and effort to those who need it.
It is done without expecting something in return. Giving money or food poor to people is
an example of charity. Poor, sick or injured people are generally considered the proper
people to whom charity should be given. When such people are not supported, they often
begin begging, which is directly asking for help from people they do not know. Others may
rely on support from charitable organisations. These organisations collect money and goods
and then give them to those in need.
Most charities are concerned with providing basic needs, such as food, water, clothing,
health care and shelter. The most common form of charity is donating money. The money is
then used to buy these basic needs. However, there are many other actions that may be
performed as charity, such as teaching orphans, donating blood, or money to help fund
medical research.
1. Charity is the act of giving help to those who will help us in return. F
2. Charity includes giving time and effort to the people who need it. T
3. Giving food to the people in need is not an example of charity. F
4. Only the poor are considered the proper people to whom charity should be given.
F
5. Beggars are considered the people to whom charity should give supports.
T
6. People in need of money and goods may rely on charitable organisations. T
7. Most charities are concerned with providing money to poor people. F
8. The donated money is used to buy basic needs. T

Exercise 7. Read the text, and do the tasks that follow.

Medical students volunteer to join Covid-19 frontline
Since the 4th wave of Covid-19 broke out in Viet Nam in late April 2021, hundreds of
medical students from Ho Chi Minh City's universities have enthusiastically supported
frontlines in the pandemic fight.
While most students left the city for their hometown to avoid getting infected, many
students of the Faculty of Medicine decided to stay and registered to join the fight against
the pandemic. The students were assigned to the rapid response team of the city. They are
on duty at the quarantine checkpoints; they take sample for testing, collect data and trace
contacts. For many days, they start early in the morning and work until the next morning.
When asked, they all say they don't feel tired at all even though the work is quite tough. The
medical officials comment that the students are very supportive, and their expertise and
computer
skills are very good.
Medical students also try to balance between studying online and participating the
volunteer work to fight the pandemic. They hope the city will return to normal soon.
Task 1. Mark the sentences T (true) or F (false).
1. Most medical students have participated in the fight against the Covid-19
F
pandemic.
2. They have done several tasks on duty. T

20
3. They have to work long hours to fulfil their tasks. T
4. They are enthusiastic but they don't have high level of knowledge and skill. F
5. Computer skills may be useful in the volunteer work. T
6. They don't study at all while they take part in the campaign. F
Task 2. Match the words in the text to their meanings.
____D___
1. frontlines A. a disease that spreads over many regions
_
B. a high level of knowledge or skill
2. pandemic ____A____

3. quarantine ____E____ C. to find someone or something that was lost

D. important positions where you have much
4. trace ____C____
influence or face to something serious
E. a period of time during which many activities
5. expertise ____B____
stop to prevent the spread of a disease

Exercise 8. Read the passage and choose the best option A, B, C or D.

(1) _____________ KidsCan was founded in a garage in 2005, the organisation has grown to
become New Zealand's leading charity dedicated to helping Kiwi kids affected by (2)
_____________. Our support is (3) _____________ to more than 200,000 tamariki in over 800
schools and 100 early (4) _____________ centres, with over 5 million items of food, clothing
and health products being sent from our Auckland warehouse each year.
Our partner schools and centres report that KidsCan support (5) _____________ a
difference to the wellbeing of their students, helping to increase participation and
attendance. KidsCan alumni tell us that being warm and dry at school, with a (6)
_____________ meal every day, helped them to learn and achieve their goals.
None of this would be possible (7) _____________ the support of generous Kiwis and our
business community, (8) _____________ donations help ensure no Kiwi kid goes without.
1. A. Since B. As C. Because D. Although
2. A. prosperity B. poverty C. wealth D. property
3. A. value B. valid C. valuable D. available
4. A. childbirth B. childlike C. childhood D. childish
5. A. takes B. makes C. gets D. has
6. A. rotten B. ruined C. spoiled D. guaranteed
7. A. for B. due to C. without D. with
8. A. whose B. that C. where D. which

D Writing
Exercise 1. Reorder the words and phrases to make sentences.
1. their work / always/ are/ help/ trying/ to/ volunteers / recruit/ to/ in / Charities
 Charities are always trying to recruit volunteers to help in their work.
2. should/ Local authorities / be / communities/ accountable to/the/ they /serve/ publicly
 Local authorities should be publicly accountable to the communities they serve.
3. these tools / been / Most of / specially / have / by / disabled people / adapted/ for use
 Most of these tools have been specially adapted for use by disabled people.
4. He / in need of / was/ desperately / help / but / seemed / to want / nobody/ to know
 He was desperately in need of help but nobody seemed to want to know.
5. nurse said/ enjoyed/ as/a/during/the/volunteering/coronavirus pandemic/ Amelia
 Amelia enjoyed volunteering as a nurse's aid during the coronavirus pandemic.
6. a/ the needy / program/ to / launched / send / and medicine / canned food/to/ They've
 They've launched a program to send canned food and medicine to the needy.

21
7. bikes/ It / be/ than cars/ better/ for/ more people/ the environment/ if/ used / rather/ would
 It would be better for the environment if more people used bikes rather than cars.
8. the conviction / possess / make a difference / that / they / to / their community / The
students/ can
 The students possess the conviction that they can make a difference to their
community.

Exercise 2. Rewrite the second sentence so that it means similarly to the first one.
1. I forgot to bring my wallet.
 I didn't remember to bring my wallet.
2. This is my first visit to London.
 This is the first time I've visited London.
3. Exceeding the speed limit is prohibited.
 You mustn't exceed the speed limit.
4. They are building a new school in the village.
 A new school is being built in the village.
5. He has difficulty in taking the science course.
 It is difficult for him to take the science course.
6. Please don't mention this problem this evening.
 I'd rather you didn't mention this problem this evening.
7. It will be more dangerous if you drive faster.
 The faster you drive, the more dangerous it will be.
8. Since he was careless, we were penalized by a penalty kick.
 Because of his carelessness, we were penalized by a penalty kick.

Exercise 3. Complete the second sentence using the words in the brackets.
1. It might rain tonight. (possibility)
 There is a possibility of rain tonight.
2. Did you have to say that? (necessary)
 Was it necessary for you to say that?.
3. I’d advise you to get some rest yourself. (better)
 You'd better get some rest yourself.
4. Perhaps we will not be back until tomorrow night. (may)
 We may not be back until tomorrow night.
5. He could finish his studies next year. (possible)
 It's possible that he will finish his studies next year.
6. If you leave the tap drip, you will waste water. (or)
 Don't leave the tap trip, or you will waste water.
7. Because the weather was so awful, we didn't enjoy the day. (so)
 The weather was so awful, so we didn't enjoy the day.
8. Making alternative arrangements may be necessary. (make)
 It may be necessary to make alternative arrangements.

Exercise 4. Use the given words/phrases to make sentences for an application letter
to respond to the job advertisement. You have to add some words or make some
changes when necessary.
Volunteers Needed: We need reliable, dedicated volunteers to work at our Greenleaf Child
Center. Your job will include helping children at a kindergarten or a primary school, and
instructing some basic football skills to them.
Dear Sir or Madam,
1. I/interested / opportunity / volunteer / Greenleaf Child Center. I have/experience /
working/children/ and / would like/continue/do/it
22
  I am interested in an opportunity to volunteer with the Greenleaf Child Center. I have
some experience working with children and would like to continue to do it.
2. last year/ I /volunteer / a tutor/Friendship Village School/ enjoyable/help children
kindergarten/learn/a classroom. In/position/1/assist / classroom projects and field trips
 Last year I volunteered as a tutor at the Friendship Village School and enjoyed being
able to help children in kindergarten learn in a classroom. In this position, I assisted with
classroom projects and field trips.
3. for previous summers/1/volunteer/children/ my neighbourhood assisting football
coaches/teach basic skills / small children
 For the previous summers, I volunteered with children at my neighbourhood, assisting
football coaches to teach basic skills to small children.
4. if / Greenleaf Center / a need/ a dedicated volunteer/1 willing/ have opportunity work with
 If the Greenleaf Center has a need for a dedicated volunteer, I would be willing to have
the opportunity to work with.
5. my schedule/the summer/flexible / and // available/evening and weekend hours/as
well/during the day
 My schedule during the summer is flexible, and I am available for evening and
weekend hours as well as during the day. I look forward to hearing from you.
I look forward to hearing from you.
Yours sincerely.

Exercise 5. Put the paragraphs of an essay in the correct order (1-5), then complete
the gaps with the phrases below.
Another argument
My first reason for My final point is To conclude
for
1. Another argument for donating our money to WaterAid, is that it helps
communities to set up and maintain their own water and hygiene projects. By
A___3___ doing this it educates people and encourages communities to look after their
own needs
Better hygiene can reduce childhood deaths by 35%.
2. To conclude, I believe that our school should choose WaterAid as its
B __5____ charity, because it helps the poorest people in the communities and it will
recall benefit from our donations.
Our school, Nguyen Thuong Hien High School, has asked the students to
C ___1___ choose its main charity for the year. In my opinion, we should choose
WaterAid, because access to safe, clean water is a basic human right.
3. My final point is that many people might say that WaterAid is a much
smaller charity than other projects. In fact, annual total donations to any
D __4____
other project is nearly ten times the donations to WaterAid. However, this is
why I feel that WaterAid needs our money more.
4. My first reason for choosing WaterAid is that in many parts of the world
the poorest people don't have faucets or even water wells. Often their only
source of water is dangerous because it's dirty and it's very far from their
E___2___
homes. In fact, 884 million people do not have access to safe, clean water
and 5,000 children die each day from water-related diseases. I am convinced
that by supporting WaterAid, we can help reduce these numbers.

23
Exercise 6. Write complete sentences using the words/ phrases given in their
correct forms. You can add some more necessary words, but you have to use all the
words given. Five Reasons Why You Should Volunteer
1. it/so easy/get familiar / a routine/ as a student/class, homework, sleep/so/it/worth
volunteer/make/a difference/the community / and /personal life
 It is so easy to get familiar with a routine as a student with class, homework, sleep, so
it is worth volunteering to make a difference in the community and your personal life.
2. giving/helping hand/community/be/one/best ways/gain experience/a future career
 Giving a helping hand to the community is one of the best ways to gain experience for
a future career
3. volunteering/be/great way/discover/new passions/or/interests/future career
 Volunteering is a great way to discover new passions or interests for a future career.
4. the/most/exciting aspect / volunteer work/be/that/you/not know/who/you/meet /or/what
kind / impact/they/have / your life
 The most exciting aspect of volunteer work is that you don't know who you may meet,
or what kind of impact they would have on your life.
5. applying good lessons/classroom/get practical experience/be/ the most valuable things /
your education
 Applying good lessons in the classroom in order to get practical experience is the most
valuable things to your education.

PART IV. TEST

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose
underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the
following questions.
1. A. donation B. charity C. attachment D. character
2. A. overspent B. achievement C. environment D. movement
3. A. hopeless B. endless C. success D. harmless

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs
from the other three in the position of the primary stress in each of the following
questions.
4. A. interact B. understand C. volunteer D. contribute
5. A. priority B. ability C. community D. voluntary

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to
each of the following questions.
6. Don’t forget to _______ your information about your interests and skills in your CV.
A. finish B. add C. fill in D. compare
7. Our school organize a pop concert to _______ money for the charity.
A. raise B. rise C. give D. bring
8. You can donate the clothes you don’t use any more- there’s no point in having them
_______ in the wardrobe.
A. unusual B. reused C. used D. unused
9. How can I stop _______ emails or junk emails every day.
A. wanted B. unwanted C. unwilling D. uncertain

24
10. Becoming a foreign volunteer had given her a new _______ of purpose
in life.
A. direction B. sense C. taste D. feeling
11. In our volunteer programme, the possibilities are _______, and all you
need is determination and a little creativity.
A. end B. ending C. endless D. everlasting
12. While Tom _______ English to poor children in Phnom Penh last year,
he_______ a lot about Cambodian culture.
A. is teaching- knows B. taught - was
knowing
C. was teaching - knew D. was teaching –
was knowing
13. My passion for volunteering to help children _______ during my
middle school years while I_______ for the summer community service.
A. begin – work B. began – was working
C. have begun – have worked D. was beginning – was working
14. Volunteers _______ games and _______ activities with disadvantaged children while they
_______
for the center.
A. played – had- worked B. were having – having – were working
C. have played – playing – are working D. played – had – were working
15. “_______ your country can do for you - _______ You can do for your
country” (from US President John F. Kennedy’s inaugural address)
A. Don’t ask what – ask what B. Ask what – don’t ask what
C. Ask not what – ask what D. Ask what not – ask what

Fill in each blank in the following letter from the President of “Action for a Better
Community” to volunteers with the correct word below.

participants decision volunteer poverty community

difference family opportuniti interview participatio
Dear Volunteer, es n
Welcome to our team! Thank you for choosing to become a member of our (16) family! We
are delighted to have you as part of our dynamic, caring team!
“Action for a Better Community” (ABC) was founded more than 45 years ago. In the
beginning, ABC was one of hundreds of “community action agencies”, established in
communities throughout the United States to help low-income people. We started with small
amounts of money with a strong determination to help people break the cycle of (17)
poverty and achieve self-sufficiency.
ABC has made a (18) difference for over 35,000 children and families served through the
Head Start programme.
Your (19) participation as a volunteer is especially important as we move in the future with
a focus on child development services, employment and training, housing, and health
(especially AIDS/HIV-related education and counselling).
(20) volunteer jobs range from direct service to our programme (21) participants to
agency leadership as members of our Board of Directors. Together you bring your range of
skills, experience and dedication to support ABC’s vital work in our (22) community. We
promote and provide (23) opportunities for low-income individuals and families to become
self-sufficient.
Your (24) interview, placement and orientation are important first steps. Your (25)
decision to help ABC in order to help people help themselves is greatly appreciated!
Sincerely,

25
James H. Norman
President & CEO

Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the
following passage.
The Buddha of the Poor
More than 26,000 children now have bright (26) _________faces after receiving free
operations. About 173,000 poor people received free treatment to regain their vision, and
nearly 3,400 deaf children were given hearing aids. These are part of the (27) _________of the
Ho Chi Minh Association for Support of Poor Patients, launched and run by Mr. Nguyen Vinh
Nghiep. Mr Nghiep, the former Chairman of the People’s Committee of Ho Chi Minh City,
retired in 1992, and (28) _________his Association two years later. Together with his former
colleagues, Mr Nghiep has (29) _________billions of VND from individual (30) _________and
organizations to support more than a million poor people nationwide through seven
major (31) _________programmes, such as “For the children’s smile”, “Bringing light to poor
blind people from birth”., “Sound and Vouce for Deaf and Dumb Children”: Wheelchairs for
people with disabilities and paralysed children”.
The “Free meals for patients and their relatives” programme has offered over 2.6 million
free meals to poor people in 10 hospitals. Mr Nghiep said, “Helping one person to gain
their (32) _________means bringing happiness to him or herself, freeing two or three more
people from (33) _________of the patient, and more importantly, building (34) _________for
poor patients in society.”
In 2002, Mr Nghiep, (35) _________ “The Buddha of the Poor”, was given the national title of
Labor Hero in the Reneval Process, and his Association received the title in 2005.
26. A. smile B. smiles C. smiling D. smiley
27. A. acts B. acting C. actions D.
activities
28. A. established B. set C. put up
D. opened
29. A. raised B. got C. risen D.
requested
30. A. donating B. donors C. donations D.
charities
31. A. human B. humanity C. humanities D.
humanitarian
32. A. eyes B. eyesight C. views D. ability
33. A. looking after B. dealing with C. taking care
D. taking place
34. A. trust B. hope C. future D. dream
35. A. knowing B. known as C. regarding
as D. regarding

Read the passage, and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D for each question.
Voluntary Service Overseas (VSO)
VSO is a registered charity dedicated to assisting in developing countries. It is a
recruitment agency which finds, selects and places volunteers in response to overseas
requests.
This work makes it distinctive among other charities and organizations in the UK. It sends
people, not money, so it tries to respond to requests from overseas which ask for volunteers.
Its purpose is toward the poorest members of the community. Both staff and volunteers also
pay special attention to women’s roles in development projects. This is because women’s

26
roles in child–rearing, in education and community relationship are essential in any healthy
process of change.
Over the past 38 years, more than 21.000 volunteers have worked abroad with VSO.
There are now over 1,900 volunteers working in 59 of the less developed countries in Africa
Asia, the Pacific and the Caribbean.
The application of each volunteer is carefully considered in order to select and interview
candidates against each job request from the field, to look for the person with the right blend
of skills and personality.
VSO volunteers do not go to developing countries as visiting experts with all the answers.
It is always a process of sharing and learning. The aim is that when the volunteer returns
home, there exists a community with a stronger sense of independence, and a volunteer with
a new understanding of life and people everywhere. The range of jobs required of VSO is
wide, reflecting the needs of any society in the modern world.
36. VSO is different from other charities and organization from UK because it_________.
A. is a registered body.
B. sends financial aid to developing countries.
C. sends volunteers to help abroad.
D. recruits volunteers to work in Britain.
37. Requests from overseas most likely to be dealt with are those which_________.
A. specifically ask for female staff and volunteers.
B. require volunteers to work with local inhabitants.
C. require help and advice for health care.
D. need help to train less wealthy members of the community.
38. According to those who work for VSO, who plays the most important part in bringing
about change?
A. charitable organizations B. volunteers from abroad
C. women in local communities D. staff who recruit volunteers
39. What happens when VSO wants to appoint new volunteers?
A. They give preference to applicants living abroad.
B. They give each applicants several interviews.
C. They refer applications to countries requesting volunteers.
D. They match all applicants to jobs very carefully.
40. The volunteers chosen to go out to a developing country_________.
A. must have experience of working overseas
B. will quickly become an expert in the field.
C. will gain more knowledge about the world we live in
D. must leave the country before it becomes independent

Complete the conversation, using the parts (A-F) given. There is an extra one.
A. Fantastic. How long has he provided credit to the poor in his community?
B. In which country, Quan?
C. I think access to even a small amount of credit can transform the lives of the poorest
citizens of the world.
D. I think the poor need money exactly the capital - to escape poverty. How did
Professor Yunus originate his idea?
E. I think his small loan helped them break the cycle of poverty for good.
F. How can he develop his ideas to the community? You said that he established a bank
for the poor?
Phon I heard the story about a man who established a bank for the poor, Nam.
g:
Nam: Really? It sounds great! 41. ______B_________
Phon In Bangladesh, one of the poorest countries in the world. He's Professor Muhamad

27
 Yunus. He is recognized for his work in providing small amounts of credits to the
g:
poor for self-employment.
Nam: Great! 42. _____D__________
It was an idea originated on a day in 1976 when he lent $27 from his own pocket to
Phon
forty-two people living in a tiny village. These people only needed enough credit to
g:
the raw material for their trade.
Nam: 43. _______E________
I agree with you. He offered a solution to the world poverty too; that is lending poor
Phon
people money which is suitable to them, teaching them a few sound financial
g:
principles, and they will help themselves.
Nam: Brilliant! 44. _______F________
He established Grameen in 1983, a bank devoted to providing the poorest of
Phon Bangladesh with small loans. They want to help poor people, and they don't see
g: them as an object for making money. Twenty-three years later they won the Nobel
Prize for Peace for their work in eradicating poverty.
Nam: Wonderful! 45. ______C_________

Use the given words/ phrases to make sentences for an application letter to respond
to the job advertisement. You have to add some words or make some changes when
necessary.
Volunteers Needed: We need enthusiastic volunteers who have a love in nature to work for
WWF Center, Viet Nam. Your jobs will include taking care of animals and planting trees.
Dear Sir or Madam,
46. I/interested/ volunteer position / WWF Center / Viet Nam. I/ very enthusiastic/save our
planet/and/contribute / this cause
→ I am interested in a volunteer position at WWF Center in Viet Nam. I am very
enthusiastic about saving our planet and contributing to this cause.
47. since/I/young/I/ curious / both plant/ animal life. Saving / little kittens/ other
animals/distressful situations/and/planting trees / all I do now
→ Since I was young. I have been curious about both plant and animal life. Saving little
kittens or other animals from distressful situations and planting trees is/are all I would
like to do now.
48. my love/nature/make/me/want/work/this field / all my life
→ My love for nature makes me want to work in this field all my life.
49. I/confident/that/I/physical ability / which/needed/ most positions/WWF
→ I am confident that I have the physical ability which is needed in most positions at
WWF.
50. I/excited/opportunity/join/ your organization/a volunteer / and /make/contribution. I/
available / an interview / at any time
→ I am confident that I have the physical ability which is needed in most positions af
WWF.
I look forward to hearing from you.
Thank you for your time and consideration.
Sincerely,

--- THE END ---

28