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Chapter 5-ECE-Embedded System Processor (4h)_8-2023

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Chapter 5-ECE-Embedded System Processor (4h)_8-2023

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Chapter 5 - Embedded System: Processor (4h)

TS. Lê Quốc Huy ([email protected])


DUT– UD
Embedded System - Basics

Generic Embedded Systems Structure


• The ability to transfer data between and from a dispersed set of devices is the key
enabling technology of machine-to-machine communication and the Internet of Things.

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Embedded System - Basics

Generic Embedded Systems Structure


• The ability to transfer data between and from a dispersed set of devices is the key
enabling technology of machine-to-machine communication and the Internet of Things.

3
Embedded System - Basics

Generic Embedded Systems Structure


• The ability to transfer data between and from a dispersed set of devices is the key
enabling technology of machine-to-machine communication and the Internet of Things.

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Embedded System - Components

Processor
• FPGA
• Microprocessor
• Microcontroller
• Micro-computer

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Embedded System - Components
Processor: FPGA Field-Programmable Gate Arrays

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Embedded System - Components
Processor: FPGA Field-Programmable Gate Arrays
• integrated circuit that can be programmed or reprogrammed after manufacturing.
• consists of an array of programmable logic block and interconnects that can be configured to perform
various digital functions.
• commonly used in applications where flexibility, speed, and parallel processing capabilities are
required, such as in telecommunications, automotive, aerospace, and industrial sectors.

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Embedded System - Components
Processor: FPGA Field-Programmable Gate Arrays

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Embedded System - Components
Processor: FPGA

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Embedded System - Components
Processor: FPGA

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Embedded System - Components
Processor: FPGA

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Embedded System - Components
Processor: FPGA

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Embedded System - Components
Processor: FPGA

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Embedded System - Components
Processor: FPGA

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Embedded System - Components
Processor: FPGA

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Embedded System - Components
Processor: FPGA

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Embedded System - Components
Processor: FPGA

https://www.linkedin.com/feed/update/urn:li:activity:7037344858063196160
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Embedded System - Components
Processor: FPGA

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Embedded System - Components
Processor: Micro-processor (μP)
• computer processor where the data processing logic and control is included on a single
integrated circuit (IC), contains the arithmetic, logic, and control circuitry required to perform
the functions of a computer's central processing unit (CPU)
• capable of interpreting and executing program instructions and performing arithmetic
operations, accepts binary data as input, processes it according to instructions stored in its
memory, and provides results (also in binary form) as output

Working of a Microprocessor: 3 steps


1. Fetch – The instructions are in storage from
where the processor fetches them
2. Decode – It then decodes the instruction to
assign the task further. During this, the
arithmetic and logic unit also performs to
register the data temporarily
3. Execute – The assigned tasks undergo
execution and reach the output port in binary
form.

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Embedded System - Components
Processor: Micro-processor

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Embedded System - Components
Processor: Micro-processor
1. First Generation – 4bit Microprocessors
Intel - first generation of microprocessors in 1971: 4-bit processors namely Intel 4004; speed of 740 kHz taking 60k
instructions per second. It had 2300 transistors and 16 pins inside.

2. Second Generation – 8bit Microprocessor


began in 1973 by Intel as the first 8 – bit microprocessor. It was useful for arithmetic and logic operations on 8-bit words.
The first processor was 8008 with a clock speed of 500kHz and 50k instructions per second. Followed by an 8080
microprocessor in 1974 with a speed of 2 MHz and 60k instruction per second. Lastly came the 8085 microprocessor in
1976 having an ability of 769230 instruction per second with 3 MHz speed.

3. Third Generation – 16bit Microprocessor


began with 8086-88 microprocessors in 1978 with 4.77, 8 & 10 MHz speed and 2.5 million instructions per second. Other
important inventions were Zilog Z800, and 80286, which came out in 1982 and could read 4 million instructions per second
with 68 pins inside.

4. Fourth Generation – 32bit Microprocessors


Intel 32-bit microprocessors around 1986. Their clock speed was between 16 MHz to 33 MHz with 275k transistors inside.
One of the first ones was the Intel 80486 microprocessor of 1986 with 16-100MHz clock speed and 1.2 Million transistors
with 8 KB of cache memory. Followed by the PENTIUM microprocessor in 1993 which had 66 MHz clock speed and 8-bit of
cache memory.

5. Fifth Generation – 64bit Microprocessors


Began in 1995, the Pentium processor was one of the first 64-bit processors with 1.2 GHz to 3 GHz clock speed. There
were 291 Million transistors and 64kb instruction per second. Followed by i3, i5, i7 microprocessors in 2007, 2009, 2010
respectively. These were some of the key points of this generation.

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Embedded System - Components
Processor: Micro-processor

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Embedded System - Components
Processor: Micro-processor

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Embedded System - Components
Processor: Micro-processor

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Embedded System - Components
Processor: Micro-processor

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Embedded System - Components
Processor: Micro-controller
• The ability to transfer data between and from a dispersed set of devices is the key
enabling technology of machine-to-machine communication and the Internet of Things.

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Embedded System - Components
Processor: Micro-controller

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Embedded System - Components
Processor: Micro-controller
• Leading microcontroller unit (MCU) manufacturers worldwide in 2021, by market share

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Embedded System - Components
Processor: Micro-controller

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Embedded System - Components
Processor: Micro-controller

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Embedded System - Components
Processor: Micro-computer
• A microcomputer is a small, relatively inexpensive computer having a central processing
unit (CPU) made out of a microprocessor; the computer also includes memory and
input/output (I/O) circuitry together mounted on a printed circuit board (PCB)

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Embedded System - Components
Processor: Micro-computer
• A microcomputer is a small, relatively inexpensive computer having a central processing
unit (CPU) made out of a microprocessor; the computer also includes memory and
input/output (I/O) circuitry together mounted on a printed circuit board (PCB)

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Embedded System - Components
Processor: Micro-computer

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