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EE05464Notes-7

PSD NOTE 7

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Sanapala RAJENDRA PRASAD
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10 views

EE05464Notes-7

PSD NOTE 7

Uploaded by

Sanapala RAJENDRA PRASAD
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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3-PHASE FULLY CONTROL FED DC DRIVE

The main power elements are shown in Figure 1. The three-phase


bridge has only two more thyristors than the single-phase bridge, but
the output voltage waveform is vastly better, as shown in Figure 1.There are now six
pulses of the output voltage per mains cycle, hence the description ‘six-pulse’. The
thyristors are again Wred in pairs (one in the top half of the bridge and one – from a
diVerent leg – in the bottom half ), and each thyristor carries the output current for one
third of the time. As in the single-phase converter, the delay angle controls the output
voltage, but now a ¼ 0 corresponds to the point at which the phase voltages are equal
The enormous improvement in the smoothness of the output voltage waveform is clear
when we compare Figure1, and it indicates the wisdom of choosing a 3-phase converter
whenever possible. The very much better voltage waveform also means that the desirable

‘continuous current’ condition is much more likely to be met, and the


waveforms in Figure 1, have therefore been drawn with the assumption
that the load current is in fact continuous. Occasionally, even a sixpulse
waveform is not suYciently smooth, and some very large drive
converters therefore consist of two six-pulse converters with their outputs
in series. A phase-shifting transformer is used to insert a 308 shift
between the a.c. supplies to the two 3-phase bridges. The resultant ripple
voltage is then 12-pulse.
Returning to the six-pulse converter, We note that we can obtain the full range of
output voltages from Vo to _Vdo, so that, as with the single-phase converter, regenerative
operation will be possible.
It is probably a good idea at this point to remind the reader that, in
the context of this book, our interest in the controlled rectiWer is as a
supply to the armature of a d.c. motor. When we examine the d.c. motor
drive in Chapter 4, we will see that it is the average or mean value of the
output voltage from the controlled rectiWer that determines the speed,
and it is this mean voltage that we refer to when we talk of ‘the voltage’

from the converter. We must not forget the unwanted a.c. or ripple
element, however, as this can be large. For example, we see from Figure
2.12 that to obtain a very low voltage (to make the motor run very
slowly) a will be close to zero; but if we were to connect an a.c. voltmeter
to the output terminals it could register several hundred volts, depending
on the incoming mains voltage! Output voltage range In Chapter 4 we will discuss the
use of the fully controlled converter to drive a d.c. motor, so it is appropriate at this stage
to look brieXy at the typical voltages we can expect. Mains a.c. supply voltages
obviously vary around the world, but single-phase supplies are usually 220–240 V,
and we see from equation 2.3 that the maximum mean d.c. voltage
available from a single-phase 240 V supply is 216 V. This is suitable
for 180–200 V motors. If a higher voltage is needed (say for a 300 V
motor), a transformer must be used to step up the mains.
Turning now to typical three-phase supplies, the lowest three-phase
industrial voltages are usually around 380–440 V. (Higher voltages of up
to 11 kV are used for large drives, but these will not be discussed here).
So with Vrms ¼ 415V for example, the maximum d.c. output voltage
(equation 2.6) is 560 V. After allowances have been made for supply
variations and impedance drops, we could not rely on obtaining much
more than 520–540 V, and it is usual for the motors used with sixpulse
drives fed from 415 V, three-phase supplies to be rated in the
range 440–500 V. (Often the motor’s Weld winding will be supplied
from single-phase 240 V, and Weld voltage ratings are then around
180–200 V, to allow a margin in hand from the theoretical maximum of 216 V referred to
earlier.)
Firing circuits Since the gate pulses are only of low power, the gate drive circuitry
is simple and cheap. Often a single integrated circuit (chip) contains all the circuitry for
generating the gate pulses, and for synchronizing them with the appropriate delay angle
(a) with respect to the supply voltage. To avoid direct electrical connection between the
high voltages in the main power circuit and the low voltages used in the control
circuits, the gate pulses are usually coupled to the thyristor by means
of small pulse transformers. Most converters also include what is known
as ‘inverse cosine-weighted’ Wring circuitry: this means that the Wring
64 Electric Motors and Drives

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