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8 views

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ayaspy75
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9/13/2023

Density

Density
Density is the mass per unit volume
density = m
ρ V
𝜌=

Density is measured by (g/cm3) SI unit for density is (kg/m3)


grams per cubic centimeter kilograms per cubic metre

To convert (g/cm3) to (kg/m3)


We multiply by 1000

Density of water is 1.0 g/cm3 in kg/m3 we multiply by 1000 it


becomes 1.0 × 103 kg/m3
2

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9/13/2023

Densities of some substances

Calculations

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Simple density measurements


To find the density of any object, we need to
know the mass and the volume of the object.
Then we use the formula
𝜌=

Regularly shaped solid


1- find the mass m using a balance
2- measure the dimensions of the object with a ruler
3- calculate the volume V
4- calculate the density 𝜌 using
𝜌=

Irregularly shaped solid


Regularly shaped solid
1- find the mass m using a balance
2- measure the volume by a displacement method. Two Displacement methods
3- calculate the volume V
4- calculate the density 𝜌 using
𝜌=
The volume is
the volume of
The volume is the water
the difference collected in
between the the measuring
two readings cylinder

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9/13/2023

Density of a liquid

Regularly shaped solid


1- find the mass of an empty beaker on a balance
2- a known volume of a liquid is transferred using
measuring cylinder into the beaker.
3- the new mass of the beaker is measured.
4- mass of the liquid is the difference between the
two masses
5- calculate the density 𝜌 using
𝜌=

Density of air

Regularly shaped solid


1- find the mass of 500 cm3 round-bottomed flask
on a balance
2- remove the air from the flask using a vacuum
pump.
3- the new mass of the flask is measured.
4- mass of the air is the difference between the two
masses
5- volume of air is found by filling the flask with
water then measure the volume of water using a
measuring cylinder.
6- calculate the density 𝜌 using
𝜌=

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Floating and sinking


An object sinks in a liquid if the object density is Think?!!!
greater than the liquid density. An iron nail sinks in water but
an iron ship floats . Why??
An object floats in a liquid if the object density is
less than the liquid density. (partly or wholly
submerged

For example, a piece of glass of density 2.5 g/cm3


sinks in water (density 1.0 g/cm3) but floats in
mercury (density 13.6 g/cm3).

Floating and sinking


An object sinks in a liquid if the object density is Think?!!!
greater than the liquid density. An iron nail sinks in water but
an iron ship floats .
An object floats in a liquid if the object density is The ship enclose lots of air
less than the liquid density. (partly or wholly inside it. So, its average
submerged density is less than the density
of water
For example, a piece of glass of density 2.5 g/cm3
sinks in water (density 1.0 g/cm3) but floats in
mercury (density 13.6 g/cm3).

10

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9/13/2023

Floating and sinking

Liquids over liquid


The lower density liquid will float on
the liquid with higher density.
This will happen if the two liquids do
not mix.

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