Answer key

Vocabulary
Module 1 1 1 course 5 essay
2 exam 6 term
Reading
3 research 7 presentation
1 B 4 assignments 8 report

2 B 2 1 terms 6 research
2 courses 7 report
4 1 B 3 D 5 D 3 Grades 8 essay
2 C 4 A 6 A 4 assignments 9 presentation
5 project 10 examination
5a Possible answers
1 What software can help students to see processes that 3 1 C 2 C 3 A 4 B
are too rapid to show in the classroom?
2 Using software, what can students create that will help 4 1 do 6 complete
them learn more about electricity usage? 2 prepare 7 give
3 What can teachers give to students that has helpful 3 ask 8 give
activities that stay up to date? 4 get 9 do
4 What technology can students use to study with students 5 take 10 have
in other countries?
5 In what type of software do students look at actual 5 1 B 3 E 5 A
situations? 2 D 4 C 6 F
6 What can lessons that are unlike the usual class activities
teach creative people? Writing
1 A and D
5b 2 Paragraph A (Digital simulations can help ... demonstrate
in a classroom.) 2 Possible answers
3 digital simulations Many students do not like working in groups.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of working in
5c 1 digital simulations 4 video conferencing groups?
2 model house 5 games Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant
3 personalised textbook 6 innovative thinking examples from your own knowledge or experience.
1 working in groups
6 2 No, they are expressed using different words.
2 advantages and disadvantages
Language development 3 reasons and examples

1 1 F 3 H 5 F 3a Advantages: 2, 4
2 S 4 H 6 S Disadvantages: 1, 3

2 1 don’t write, use 5 walk, takes 3b/3d Possible answers

2 study 6 has Advantages: Students can learn from each other (e.g.
3 am 7 aren’t, don’t talk, expects someone may not be good at a particular subject, but can
4 don’t teach, is 8 doesn’t ask learn from others who are). Group work promotes different
skills (e.g. decision making, problem solving, negotiation skills).
3a 1 Do you work or study?
Disadvantages: Group work can sometimes be difficult to
2 Where does your family live?
organise (e.g. if someone has to work in the evenings, while
3 What is the educational system like in your country?
the majority of the group work/are free in the daytime, it may
4 Do you have/Have you got any hobbies?
be difficult to organise a group meeting). Reaching a decision
5 What do you like to do at the weekend?
may take more time (e.g. if half of the group disagree with a
6 How long does your English class last?
suggestion or an idea, it may take more time to come up with
7 Is there anything you dislike about your job or studies?
one that everyone will agree with).
8 How often does your English teacher give you homework?
3c A 2 B1
4 1 seems 6 refers
2 isn’t 7 plan
4 Advantages mentioned: sharing opinions, different views,
3 have 8 spend
more efficient
4 do some people finish 9 doesn’t mean
5 lies 10 manage Disadvantages mentioned: there can be conflict, different
working methods, no motivation
5 1 complete/don’t complete
2 know/don’t know 5a 1 One/Another
3 ask/don’t ask 2 main
4 make/don’t make 3 One/Another
5 think/don’t think
6 hand in/don’t hand in

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 Answer key

Listening R: Yes, you need to prepare a five-minute presentation.

1 A S: And do we have a topic for the presentation?

2a B, D and E. The others have too many words/numbers. R: You do. It’s called ‘My company’. You can choose any focus
you want – although it’s good to choose something you
2b 1 B 3 C 5 E know well.
2 D 4 A S: OK, that sounds fine. What skills will the tutor look at?
R: In the first week, the focus is on organisation. In the second
2c 6 a place/somewhere where you can find information week, he’ll look at your voice, body language and how you
7 a topic/a title interact with the audience.
8 a skill
S: That sounds interesting. Right, so registration is online?
3 1 Hamilton 5 Smith R: That’s right.
2 (Monday) 5/5th/fifth (of) 6 online
S: That’s great. Thank you so much for your help.
3 900 7 my company
4 intermediate 8 organisation Language development
1 1 never 5 usually
Audio script 1.1 2 sometimes 6 rarely
N = Narrator R = Receptionist S = Student 3 always 7 Occasionally
N: You will hear a student talking to a receptionist about 4 often
courses available in a school.
Expert language
R: Fahad Management School, how can I help? usually and normally
S: Yes, hello, um … I’d like to find out some details about the
short courses you have available in March. 2 1 I always prepare for lectures by reading about the topic
first.
R: Certainly. We have three short courses next month. The
2 I rarely write reports.
topics are communication skills, presentation skills and
3 Are you often late for class?
report-writing skills.
4 We don’t normally work in groups.
S: I’m interested in your presentation skills course. Where does 5 My sister usually stays up late to revise for exams.
it take place? 6 I occasionally have problems understanding the
R: All our short courses take place in the Hamilton Building. assignment brief.
7 We never have to give presentations.
S: Sorry, could you spell that, please?
R: It’s H-A-M-I-L-T-O-N. It’s in the city centre, next to the train 3 1 Do you normally pass your exams?
station. 2 She’s always busy in the evenings, practising for the
S: Ah, I know it. And when does the course begin? accountancy module.
3 He’s never late for lectures.
R: The first lesson is on Monday 5 March. And you need to 4 Research often shows a connection between effort and
register by Friday 2 March. results.
S: That’s next week, isn’t it? 5 Students normally use an electronic device for taking
notes.
R: That’s right.
S: And how much does the course cost? 4 Possible answers
R: It’s £1,000 for the two-week course. There is a ten-percent 1 I’m never late for work/class.
discount for early bookings, so you save £100 and only pay 2 I rarely study in the evening.
£900. Can I just ask, are you interested in the advanced, 3 I often do research online.
intermediate or beginner course? 4 I always listen to music while studying.
5 I never fail exams!
S: Well, I’m not a complete beginner, but I don’t think I’m an
expert either, so probably the intermediate course. 5 1 C 2 A 3 B
R: OK, they are the same time and cost – I just need to put
you in the right group. 6 1 Can 4 can 7 can
S: OK. Could you tell me a bit more about the course? Who 2 can 5 can’t 8 Can
will the tutor be? 3 can’t 6 can 9 can
R: Let me just check your tutor … It’s Mr Rasheed. Actually, no, 7a 1 Students can’t ask questions in person.
sorry – Mr Rasheed is on the communication skills course 2 Students can work at their own speed.
in March. Your tutor is Professor Smith. All of our tutors are 3 You can’t meet your fellow students in person.
experts in their area and work with many top companies. 4 Users can watch videos of lectures many times.
S: And what about the course details? Do I need to buy a 5 Students can study in their own time.
book for the course?
R: No, all of our worksheets, reading texts and homework tasks
are available online. You don’t need to buy anything else.
S: That’s great, thanks. So do we have to do anything before
the course starts?

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 Answer key

7b Possible answers
Students can choose from a wider variety of courses. Expert language
Students can attend lectures and study in the comfort of their 1 abroad
own home. 2 one of the main advantages of … is … ; another advantage is … ;
Students can access course material more easily if it is one disadvantage is … ; another problem is …
available online.
Studying alone can be demotivating.
Students can’t work in groups or share ideas. 3b/4b Possible answers
Advantages: Programmes are often better than those in
Vocabulary your own country. (A foreign university/college may have
more advanced materials and/or teaching techniques.)
1 1 C 4 G 7 H 10 J Being abroad can help you find new interests. (A foreign
2 D 5 F 8 A country often offers many new activities which may not
3 E 6 B 9 I be available in your own country.)
2 1 lecturer (The others are courses of study.) Disadvantages: Studying abroad can be very expensive.
2 campus (The others refer to different levels of study.) (For example, there may be expenses you wouldn’t have
3 classmate (The others refer to people who work at a to cover in your own country, such as accommodation.)
university/college.) A student may find that they do not ‘fit in’. (Different
4 advisor (The others refer to buildings or rooms.) cultures mean different habits, and students may find it
5 tutor (The others refer to parts of a university/college.) hard to live with these, or to live without certain habits
from their own country.)
3 1 advisor 5 tutor Speaking
2 degree 6 lecturer
3 MBA 7 admissions office 1 A 5, 6 B 2, 4 C 1, 3
4 PhD 8 laboratory
2a Possible answers
4 1 law 5 architecture 1 interesting, exciting, fun, easy, great
2 medicine 6 dentistry 2/3 boring, hard, difficult, challenging
3 business studies 7 accountancy
4 computer science 8 economics 2b The candidate uses the following adjectives: interesting, fun,
easy (easier), hard, boring, difficult, long, challenging.
5a 1 a lecture 4 progress
2 an assignment 5 a mistake Audio script 1.2
3 lessons 6 a mistake
E = Examiner C = Candidate
5b 1 pass, exams 5 attend, lectures 1 E: What do you like most about your studies?
2 make, mistakes 6 fail, exam
C: I really enjoy working in groups. I think it’s very
3 make progress 7 do, assignments
interesting to find out other people’s opinions. It’s also
4 miss, lectures/lessons
a lot more fun working with other people. I also find
Writing group work easier than studying on my own.
2 E: Is there anything you don’t like about your course?
1 2 Possible answers
• Students want to experience a foreign culture. C: Well, I really don’t enjoy the maths! It’s a hard subject
• There are better courses than those available in their home and I also find it a bit boring. We also have to sit a lot of
country. difficult tests every term – I don’t like those either!
• They want to become more independent. 3 E: What’s the most difficult thing about your course?
• They feel it will look good on their CV.
C: I find all of the reading we have to do difficult. The texts
2 1 F 2 F 3 T 4 F 5 T are usually long and hard. Um, and it’s really challenging
to try to use information from these texts in our essays
3a/4a The answers to Exercise 3a are underlined. The answers to and presentations.
Exercise 4a are in bold.
In my opinion, one of the main advantages of studying in 3a Possible answers
another country is the opportunity to meet new people. 1 Well, I don’t think it’s the same for everyone. It can be
For example, you can meet people from a wide range easier for some people because some languages are
of cultures and backgrounds, not just those from more similar to English than others.
the country you are studying in. Another advantage 2 Yes, I love it – I think it’s great. One of the reasons why I
is that you can get a degree from a university with an like it is that when you learn a language, you also get to
international reputation. In other words, you can use learn about the country and its culture.
this experience to help you get a job in the future. 3 The group work. In my opinion, working in groups is
both interesting and important as you can share opinions
One disadvantage is the fact that you will not be near the and ideas with other people.
people who support you, such as your friends and family.
This means you may find it difficult at times on your 3b Introducing an opinion: I don’t think, I think, In my opinion
own. Another problem is that the language spoken in the Giving a reason for an opinion: because, One of the reasons
country might be hard to understand or use. For instance, why, as
someone might be able to use the language as a tourist
but it is much more difficult to write long essays and to
read academic books in another language.

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 Answer key

Vocabulary
Module 2 1 2 niece 7 cousin
3 stepfather 8 grandfather
Reading
4 uncle 9 mother-in-law
1 1 It was originally used for hunting but today it is used for 5 grandson 10 granddaughter
entertainment and as a sport. 6 nephew
2 You throw it in a particular way and it comes back to you.
2 1 G 4 F 7 B 10 I
2 B 2 D 5 A 8 J
3 E 6 C 9 H
4a A 4 B 3 C 1 D 5 E 2
3 1 colleagues 6 neighbours
4b Possible answers 2 lecturers 7 manager
A But these days, young adults … to 50 percent. 3 classmates 8 acquaintances
B There are many reasons for this development. … This 4 roommate 9 employer
means that … Another issue is … It is therefore much 5 tutor 10 co-workers
harder …
C … what happens to the parents who have to pay all of the 5 1 The person I look up to most is my mother – she’s such a
costs? hard worker.
D This shows that in many different countries … too 2 I sometimes fall out with my sister because we have such
dependent on their parents. different personalities.
E In some countries, however, … and is, in fact, an 3 correct
advantage for all. 4 I get on well with most of my family – we spend a lot of
time together.
5 Possible answers 5 I often have to look after my little sister if my parents are
i The impact on other people of young adults living at working late.
home 6 I definitely don’t take after my dad – he’s really short and
ii Positive views on who should live together I’m really tall!
iii A situation that will get worse in the future
iv A change in where young adults choose to live 6a 1 enjoy 3 are 5 get 7 have
v Problems with the housing and job markets today 2 have 4 keep 6 lose
vi A difficult situation happening in more than one country
vii A comparison of the cost of living in different countries Writing
The heading that matches the ideas in paragraph A is heading iv. 1a 1 D 2 C 3 A 4 B

6 B v C i D vi E ii 1b A graph, 3 C table, 4
B chart, 1 D chart, 2
7 1 the whole paragraph
2 They are usually different unless they are common words. 1c C
3 There are two extra headings:
iii – the passage does not talk about the future. 2a 1 how many friends Spanish and German university
vii – there is no information comparing costs in different students usually go out with
countries. 2 black: Germany; grey: Spain
3 x axis: number of friends,
Language development
y axis: number of young people who gave this answer
1a 1 (the) funniest 4 (not as) tall (as)
2 (as) close (as) 5 (the) oldest 2b 1 chart 5 number
3 older (than) 2 friends 6 one/1
3 Germany/Spain 7 five/5
1b 1 C 3 B 5 C 4 Spain/Germany
2 A 4 B
3 Possible answer
2a 1 older 5 happier The chart shows how often German and Spanish university
2 better 6 easier students meet their friends outside of class per week. It gives
3 more expensive 7 more similar information in numbers, ranging from every day to once a week.
4 more common
Listening
3a 1 youngest 5 most confident 2a See Exercise 2b below for examples of other words or phrases the
2 closest 6 most interesting speaker might use.
3 best 7 oldest
4 funniest 2b 1 more time 6 very small
2 wash 7 looking after
4 1 isn’t as cheerful as 4 am not as busy as 3 items 8 hold
2 isn’t as important as 5 am not as sociable as 4 babies 9 secure
3 as lazy as 5 cot 10 there’s no need

5a 1 less 3 more 5 smaller c 1 noun 3 noun 5 noun

2 fewer 4 greater 2 verb 4 noun 6 noun

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3 1 back(s) 3 clothes 5 television 5 Top to bottom:

2 cry 4 toys 6 batteries daily, three times a week, several times a month, every four
months, twice a year, once a year, hardly ever, never
Audio script 2.1
7a 1 abroad
N = Narrator Nu = Nurse 2 somewhere hot or cold
N: You will hear a nurse giving advice to people who are 3 outdoors
about to become grandparents. 4 anywhere
5 at night
Nu: Well, at the hospital we find that we get a lot of questions
6 far
from people who are about to become grandparents. They
7 today
worry that things are different nowadays compared to
when they had their children years ago. New grandparents
want to be sure they’re doing the right thing with their new Vocabulary
grandchild.
1 -(a)n: American, European, German, Indian
So, what things have changed? Well, one of the most -ian: Brazilian, Canadian, Egyptian, Italian
important changes is to do with how babies sleep. In -ish: British, Irish, Spanish, Turkish
the past, we put babies on their stomachs, but now we -ese: Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese
definitely want babies to have as much time as they can on other endings: French, Greek, Thai
their backs. Research shows this is much safer.
Another difference is connected to holding the baby. 2 1 C 3 A 5 A 7 B
Grandparents might think that you shouldn’t hold the baby 2 B 4 C 6 C
a lot because this is not good for them. Actually, the advice
now is that this is OK. Leaving them to cry for a long time is 3 1 celebrate 5 invites
not a good idea; picking them up can help them to stop. 2 has the day off 6 dress up
3 decorate 7 hold
In the past, nurses told people to take lots of extra care
4 take place
with cleaning, and we still want people to wash milk bottles
very carefully. But when it comes to the baby’s clothes, it’s Writing
not necessary to clean them separately or with a special
liquid – just wash everything together. 1 3 English: 35 percent – highest percentage
4 See Exercise 3b for examples of main features.
Grandparents also need to be careful in the home as there
are many things that could be dangerous to little ones. One
2 A 2, 4 B 1, 3, 5, 6
thing that’s different now is what you can and can’t put in
the cot when the baby goes to sleep. Make sure you take
3a 1 C 2 D 3 A 4 B
all the toys out. A light blanket is OK though.
Of course, not everything has changed. You still need to 3b 1 English 3 Arabic
make sure your grandchildren can’t open your bathroom 2 Korean 4 Nepali
and kitchen cupboards. But something else to think about
now is fixing your television to the wall securely. This is 5a Possible answer
because they are very light these days and can easily fall The chart shows the languages primary schools teach in
and hurt a child. Australia. It gives information about how many thousands of
Things are getting smaller and smaller these days. Another students study ten different languages.
important thing to remember is to put away small objects
that children can swallow easily. Things such as batteries 5b Possible answers
that you find in watches are especially dangerous. It’s best The largest number of students in the chart study Mandarin.
to put these things away before the grandchildren arrive. Half as many students study Arabic as study Mandarin.
The least popular language is Spanish.
Now, let’s look at how grandparents … Slightly fewer students study Greek than Japanese.
Slightly more students study Aboriginal languages than Spanish.
Language development
1 1 I make friends easily. C Speaking
2 I rarely have to cook for the whole family. A 1a/b 1 colleagues, birthday cake, restaurant
3 We love having picnics outdoors. B 2 presents, books, expensive
4 We meet up on Saturdays. D 3 handmade gift, expensive
4 party, milestone
2a 1 C 2 A 3 B

2b 1 Sales are rising sharply. Audio script 2.2

2 Prices are dropping slightly. E = Examiner C = Candidate
3 Employment figures are increasing steadily. 1 E: How do you usually celebrate your birthday?
3 1 easy 4 well 7 loudly C: Let me think … Well, I’m often at work on my birthday
2 sharp 5 slow and my colleagues buy me a birthday cake. Then, in the
3 carefully 6 quickly evening, my best friend usually takes me to a restaurant
for dinner. We have a lot in common and get on really
4 1 B 3 D 5 E 7 F well, so we talk all evening.
2 A 4 C 6 G 8 H

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2 E: What kind of presents do you like to receive? Language development

C: My favourite presents … I like to get books, especially 1 1 Add -ing: happen – happening, listen – listening,
ones written by my favourite authors. I really love books visit – visiting
as a gift because new ones are sometimes too expensive 2 Drop -e and add -ing: have – having, make – making,
for me to buy. I don’t usually buy books – in fact, I take – taking
usually borrow them from the library. 3 Double final consonant and add -ing: begin –
beginning, plan – planning, stop – stopping
3 E: Is the cost of the gift important? 4 Change -ie to -y and add -ing: die – dying, tie – tying
C: Definitely not. A cheaper gift or a handmade gift can be
just as good as a more expensive gift. A gift is nice, but 2 1 am not planning 4 aren’t learning
the best thing is just to get together with people you 2 isn’t working 5 are creating
enjoy spending time with to celebrate. 3 is rising, are moving 6 are finding
4 E: Are birthdays important in your culture?
3a 1 Are you working or studying at the moment?
C: Yes, but some birthdays are more important than others. 2 Is the government in your country doing anything to help
For instance, in some countries, 18 and 21 are usually young people find work?
celebrated with a party or a night out. Some older ages 3 Is unemployment where you live rising or (is it) falling?
like 40 are celebrated too – it’s a milestone and that’s 4 Are people in your country finding it easier to find work
why it’s important. And, of course, 80 and 90 are really nowadays?
important as you have made it to a very old age! 5 What are you planning to do on your next day off?

1c 2 so, G 5 but, F 4 1 speak 5 is thinking

3 because/as, A 6 and that’s why, B 2 do you usually have 6 Does your partner visit
4 in fact, E 7 as/because, D 3 are working 7 are meeting
4 I never read
1e 1 and that’s why, as, because
2 and, in fact 5 1 am reading 6 Does he always arrive
3 so 2 eat out 7 are finding
4 but 3 is working 8 are working
4 isn’t doing, are thinking 9 Do you ever give
2a It is too short and there is not enough explanation or 5 don’t usually drink 10 is having
expansion of the topic.
6 1 A 2 B 3 A
2b Yes. It is longer, the candidate gives reasons and examples, The verbs in these sentences are in the present simple. The
explaining and justifying answers clearly. verbs in the present continuous describe actions.

2 Well, there are definitely some differences, like where they go. 7 1 seem
Young people like to be with their friends, so they go out to 2 am having
places where they can be together, such as a restaurant or a 3 means
music concert. They also want to get lots of presents or money 4 Do you agree
because they don’t have much money of their own. For old 5 are organising, don’t know
people it’s different. They don’t need a lot of gifts as they have 6 is preparing
most things already, and they don’t want a big party. In fact, they 7 recognise
probably just celebrate at home. For instance, they might invite a 8 think, know
few people over for tea in the afternoon. But one thing that’s the 9 Are you still working, Do you need
same is the birthday cake – everyone wants to eat that! 10 doesn’t like, has to

Module 3 Vocabulary
1a A shop assistant C chemist
Reading B dentist D architect
1a/b B
1b 1 dentist 6 shop assistant
2a 1 The aim of most technology is to leave less work for 2 architect 7 accountant
people to do. T (Phones, lifts, cars … minimise work) 3 lawyer 8 engineer
2 People today work less because of technology. F (When 4 chemist 9 doctor
machines … work more hours) 5 actor 10 police officer
3 John Maynard Keynes used to work many hours each
week. NG (John Maynard Keynes … 15 hours a week) 2 1 badly paid 5 stressful
2 rewarding 6 challenging
2b C 3 repetitive 7 well-paid
4 demanding
3 1 F 3 NG 5 T
2 F 4 T 3a 1 B 3 C 5 E
2 A 4 F 6 D
4 4 There is one Not given statement (3). Yes, the following
words in the statement are also in the passage: businesses,
successful, online products.

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3b Possible answers CA: Yes, they’re very good points, but from the feedback BIT
1 secretary, teacher, doctor gave me last year, the biggest problem with candidates
2 lawyer, salesperson, banker applying is that they don’t prepare well enough. You really
3 lecturer, salesperson need to know about the company, its projects and work.
4 accountant, secretary, lawyer So look things up before you go.
5 (sales) manager, film director, music producer
6 doctor, banker, vet S: OK, thank you. Should I prepare a PowerPoint presentation
with slides ready to take with me?
Writing CA: You should. But what you really need to focus on is who
1a A, C, D, E you are speaking to. The people you’ll be presenting to
actually work for the company, and this is your chance
1b You need to include four paragraphs: to show them your talent, creativity and knowledge. It’s
1 introduction: point D important to show this in the interview.
2 main body paragraph 1: point A
3 main body paragraph 2: point C 3a 2 Possible answers
4 conclusion: point E 1–2
A employment history: experience
2a Reasons: 1, 4 Solutions: 2, 3 B education history: degree, qualifications, studies
C personal contact details: phone number, (email) address,
2b Possible answers contact information
Reasons: young people have no experience; higher education D personal statement: description, sentence, summary
and/or training is often very expensive E references: letters, emails, previous employers
Solutions: governments can offer benefits to employers hiring 3–4
young/inexperienced people; governments should make A–B preparing: thinking about, writing (down), planning;
higher education/training programmes cheaper (or free) questions: things you want to know, queries; answers:
replies, responses
2c The essay does not mention the ideas in Exercise 2a. C impression: reaction, opinion
D planning: thinking about, preparing; what to wear: clothes
2d Yes. Paragraph 1 is the introduction (D); paragraph 2 is the E paying attention: thinking about, being careful (with);
first main body paragraph (A); paragraph 3 is the second main body language: position, movements, the way you stand
body paragraph (C); paragraph 4 is the conclusion (E).
Expert language
3a 1 the main reason for … is … , due to, because background
2 so, as a result
3b 1–2 A, D
3b 1 B 2 A 3 C 3–4 B, E

Listening Audio script 3.2

1b B N = Narrator CA = Careers advisor S = Student
N: You will hear the second part of a conversation between a
2a Possible answers careers advisor and a student applying for an internship.
1 create, make, prepare
2 effective, good CA: Let’s just take a quick look at the application form together.
3 think about, know Like a CV, it contains standard things like your personal
4 people, crowd, listeners contact details and references.
5 find out, look up S: What kind of references?
6 look (someone) in the eye, look (directly) at (someone)
CA: The usual ones – letters from teachers or previous
7 speak, talk
employers that talk about your strengths. But I’d like to
focus on a couple of other points first.
2b B, C
S: Sure. What’s this large section here?
Audio script 3.1 CA: That’s your personal statement and it’s one of the ones I
wanted to mention. A personal statement is your chance
N = Narrator CA = Careers advisor S = Student
to write about yourself, what you are good at and why
N: You will hear the first part of a conversation between a you should get the job. This section helps you to get to the
careers advisor and a student applying for an internship. interview stage. Because you are all graduates, you will often
CA: So Kevin, you’re applying for an internship at BIT have similar educational backgrounds, so your personal
technology this summer. How far have you got? statement is where you can make people really notice you.
S: Well, I haven’t done anything so far. I wanted to come and S: OK, and what about the other section – here?
speak to you about the different things I need to do. There CA: Well, that’s about your personal achievements. Do you
are three parts to the application, aren’t there? have any work experience or any things you did really well
CA: Yes, that’s right – a presentation, an application form and at university?
an interview. Most people worry about the presentation S: Well, we have a family business and I have quite a lot of
most, so let’s start with that. experience helping with that.
S: OK. My tutor often talks about looking the audience in the CA: Good, because that’s the next most important section:
eyes and making your voice sound interesting. Are these your experience. Right, now let’s just talk briefly about the
important? interview. Is this your first interview?

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S: Yes, it is – I didn’t have to interview for the family business! 3b 1 The most important thing in a job for me is to earn a lot
But I’ve written down some questions I want to ask in the of money.
interview. Was that the right thing to do? 2 I’d like to do business with a lot of foreign companies.
3 It’s hard to make a living as an artist.
CA: That’s good, but for an internship, it’s probably more 4 It’s difficult to run a business.
important to think about how you will respond to the 5 I don’t think employees should go on strike because they
things they ask you. We can work on this together next are not getting enough money.
time. Let’s make an appointment to meet again and I can 6 A lot of young people nowadays are finding it difficult to
give you a practice interview. Wear what you think you find work.
should wear to the actual interview.
S: OK. Does it matter much for an internship? 4 1 experience 5 bonus
2 opportunities 6 job satisfaction
CA: Well, it’s part of the first impression you will make and that’s
3 pay rise 7 promotion
important. Actually, the key thing to think about is how you
4 pension 8 salary
communicate without words. The way you stand, how you
greet someone and the way you sit. These show a lot about
5a 1 C 3 A 5 B
you, your confidence and your personality. They are really
2 F 4 E 6 D
important.
5b The phrasal verbs are:
4 1 Yes, the speakers mention all the options.
1 setting up 3 turn down 5 give up
2 Some words were the same, but they also used words/
2 deal with 4 looking for 6 fill in
phrases with similar meanings (synonyms/paraphrases).
Writing
Language development 1 Possible answers
With the help of technology, many people nowadays often
1 A mustn’t C must
work from home.
B don’t have to D have to
What problems might this cause? What can they do to solve
2 1 have to 3 has to 5 must these problems?
2 must 4 have to 6 must Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant
examples from your knowledge or experience. Write at least
3a 1 don’t have to 5 mustn’t 250 words.
2 mustn’t 6 have to
3 must 7 don’t have to 2a Possible answers
4 have to 8 must • no face-to-face contact with colleagues so people may feel
lonely
4 1 need to 4 need to • it may be difficult for managers to check standard of work
2 don’t need to 5 mustn’t people do at home
3 mustn’t
2b 1 B 2 A
5 2 You should speak to your advisor.
3 You should leave now. 2c Possible solutions to problems in Exercise 2a
4 You shouldn’t work so hard. • use technology that helps employees stay in touch
5 You shouldn’t stay at work – you should go home. (e.g. online meetings)
6 You should speak to your boss. • ask employees to report on their progress regularly

6 1 don’t need to 6 don’t have to 2d 1 two (lack of face-to-face contact with colleagues, inability
2 need to 7 should to check the standard of work people do at home)
3 mustn’t 8 have to 2 three (use technology that makes it easy for employees
4 have to 9 need to to stay in touch, ask employees to report to their
5 should 10 mustn’t manager regularly, managers can also compare different
employees and how long it takes to complete similar
Vocabulary tasks)
1 1 full-time 5 part-time
2 voluntary work 6 overtime 3 The student uses the following phrases: One solution is to … ;
3 internship 7 shift work One way to solve the problem of … is to … ; (Managers) can also …
4 apprenticeship Other phrases to introduce solutions: Another solution is to … ;
Another way to solve the problem is to … ; To solve this, …
2 1 partner 7 employer
Speaking
2 colleague 8 unemployment
3 employee 9 career 1a 1 a difficult job
4 profession 10 employment 2 four (what it is, what it involves, what skills you need for
5 interviewer 11 interviewee it, why it is difficult)
6 applicant 12 application
1b 1 difficult, interesting 4 easy
3a 1 D 3 C 5 F 7 B 2 boring 5 rewarding
2 A 4 G 6 E 3 unusual

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 Answer key

Audio script 3.3 4b 2 G 4 H 6 B

3 A 5 E
E = Examiner C = Candidate
E: Can you start speaking now, please? Help
3 It makes us look for things like sugary or fatty foods.
C: Well, I think being a doctor is a difficult but interesting job.
4 illness
They are usually very busy. Also, they work very long days.
I imagine the job is never boring – every patient and case is
Language development
different. As a doctor, you have to diagnose the problem a
patient has and then think of the right procedure to follow – 1a 1 I cycled to work yesterday.
the right way to help them. Obviously, they also have to 2 I had dinner with my friends last night.
deal with some unusual cases. They must work carefully to 3 I didn’t have time for exercise last week.
make sure they don’t make any mistakes and they also have 4 I didn’t do (any) exercise last month.
to work well in a team with other doctors and nurses. 5 I felt really stressed at work last week.
You obviously need to be well-qualified and it takes a long 6 I didn’t feel well yesterday.
time to train. I think it takes about seven years to become 7 I didn’t get enough sleep last night.
qualified. You also have to always learn new techniques and
methods as medicine develops. So it’s never easy to be good 2a 1 Did you eat much junk food last week?
at your job. However, at the same time, it’s probably very 2 Did you go to the gym yesterday?
rewarding helping others. Knowing that you help someone 3 Were you stressed last month?
live a longer and better life must be very satisfying. Probably, 4 Was your diet healthy last weekend?
the most difficult thing is not being able to predict what will 5 Did you have breakfast this morning?
happen. Many people’s jobs do not change much from day 6 Did you follow a healthier lifestyle two years ago?
to day, but I don’t think this is true for doctors. You have to
be very good at dealing with unknown situations – and that’s 2b 1 Yes, I did./No, I didn’t.
one of the most difficult aspects of the job, I think. 2 Yes, I did./No, I didn’t.
3 Yes, I was./No, I wasn’t.
1c/d
Positive: interesting, unusual, easy, rewarding, beautiful, 4 Yes, it was./No, it wasn’t.
brilliant, enjoyable, exciting, fantastic, fascinating 5 Yes, I did./No, I didn’t.
6 Yes, I did./No, I didn’t.
Negative: difficult, boring, unusual, routine, terrible
3 1 was checking, was running
2 1 no 3 key words
2 was training
2 no 4 yes
3 Were you trying
4 wasn’t feeling
3 1 yes 2 yes 3 yes 4 yes
5 was becoming
6 Was she paying, was saying
4 1 I think the most difficult aspect of the job is managing
teams of people.
4 1 My sister broke her leg while she was skiing.
2 Accountants often have to work long days.
2 He was making breakfast when the phone rang.
3 My brother is studying medicine – at the moment he is
3 As I was driving to work, a man ran past my car.
doing his internship at a hospital in Vancouver.
4 We were trekking through the mountains when I fell over
4 Most primary school teachers have to teach many
5 It was raining, so we didn’t go for a run.
different subjects.
6 She was trying to follow a healthier lifestyle, so she joined
5 It can be a difficult and stressful job, but it can also be
a gym.
very rewarding.
7 She was getting ready for her yoga class when I called her.
8 I lost my watch while I was swimming.

Module 4 5a 1 took up 9 gave

2 was trying 10 broke
Reading 3 thought 11 was playing
1 Possible answer 4 encouraged 12 had to
what causes stress/unhealthy lives and what we can do about it 5 was training 13 was recovering
6 decided 14 received
2 A, B, D, F, G, H 7 found 15 took
8 was
3a 1 E 2 A
Vocabulary
3b 1 so 3 if 5 that 1 1 D 3 B 5 C 7 F
2 while 4 while 6 if 2 A 4 G 6 E

3c 1 A 3 F 5 E 2 1 (in any order) headache, toothache, stomachache

2 D 4 C 6 B 2 a runny nose
3 a sore throat
4a 1 Continuing with our modern lifestyle into the future 4 pain
2 Modern diets mean … such long lives. 5 a temperature
3 D 6 a cough
4 This … could mean that in the future people might not
live such long lives.

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 Answer key

3 1 cut 4 broke 7 injury 2b Possible answers

2 sting 5 bruise 1 plants, environment, natural world, sea, ocean, jungle,
3 burnt 6 bite river, wildlife, animals, cure, problems, health, help
2 disease: illness, health problem; pain: hurt, ache
Expert language
Injury. The verb form is injure. 3 1 A 3 B 5 A
2 C 4 A 6 C
4 1 prescription 4 antibiotics 7 treatment
2 cure 5 vaccinations Audio script 4.1
3 surgery 6 prevention
N = Narrator L = Lecturer
5 1 write 4 gave 7 feeling N: You will hear part of a lecture on how plants and animals
2 develop 5 get 8 prevent are used in medicine.
3 had 6 take
L: In today’s lecture we are going to look at how we use
nature to help us fight illnesses. No one knows for certain
6a 1 stay in 3 do 5 go
how people first started to treat pain, illnesses or diseases,
2 have 4 get
but we can take a guess that people used the world around
Writing us as a place to start. Medicine often uses this as a starting
point for further research.
1 1 whether there are more advantages than disadvantages
Let me give you some examples. There’s a small flower
to being stressed
called the Rosy Periwinkle that grows in Madagascar. Local
2 Yes, you need to give your opinion.
people have used it as a medicine for a long time. But now
scientists have researched the plant and discovered that
2a 1 paraphrases
it has a number of different uses, such as fighting a type
2 two or three sentences
of cancer called leukaemia. Before this discovery, only 10
3 the two points of view in the question
percent of people survived leukaemia, but now 95 percent
do. Another example is the willow tree, which grows near
2b A sentence 3 B sentence 2 C sentence 1
lakes and rivers and which we find all around the world.
A substance from this tree is used to make aspirin, one
3a 1 feel = think, bad = negative, body = physical (health),
of the earliest examples of a drug to come from a plant.
mind = mental (health), being stressed = stress, benefit =
Aspirin is still one of the most commonly used drugs for the
be positive, reach = achieve, targets = goals
treatment of symptoms such as headaches, and we have
2 people, stress, help(ing)
the willow tree to thank for it! Another tree, usually only
found in India, is the Guggul tree. Local people use this tree
3b a number of individuals = many people
to make a medicine that helps people lose weight. They
companies = workplaces
started making it over 600 years ago. Recently, however,
exercise = (physical) activity
American scientist David J. Mangelsdorf discovered that a
in order to make (sb) = to encourage (people)
substance from the Guggul tree can also help to reduce the
increase taxes = tax (cars) more
risk of problems connected with the heart. The substance
issues = problems
takes its name from the tree and is called ‘guggulsterone’.
minimise = reduce
offer = include But it’s not just on land that scientists are finding new drugs.
think = feel The seas and oceans of the world are also very useful when
throughout = during developing new drugs. Take the example of the Caribbean
vehicles = cars sea sponge. Scientists have used it to make a new drug for
fighting cancer. To make this drug, they use a substance
3c Possible answers that the sea sponge itself uses to fight harmful bacteria. It
1 A number of individuals think that governments should appears that apart from bacteria, this substance can also kill
increase taxes on vehicles in order to make people walk cancer cells. Another example is the sea squirt, or tunicate,
more. a small colourful creature that lives on the ocean floor.
2 Companies should offer physical exercise throughout the Although still at an early stage, research suggests that this
day in order to miminise health-related issues. creature could help to destroy cancer cells.
Other animals living in different parts of the ocean are also
4a Possible answer proving interesting to study. Some sea animals can’t easily
Many individuals think that schools should begin later as get away from other animals when under attack, so they
getting more sleep is good for the pupils’ health. However, have to fight in other ways. An example is the cone sea
there are both positive and negative aspects, such as the snail. Early studies show that a chemical it produces when
impact this would have on families. So, what are the key under attack may help to make a drug that is 100 times
arguments for and against school lessons starting later? stronger in helping with pain than some of the painkillers
we use today. In addition to being stronger and more
Listening
effective, scientists believe the new drug will also have fewer
1a 1 and 3 side-effects than the painkillers we use today.
Now let’s move on to look at some plants which …
2a 1 What medical problems do these plants and animals help
with? 4 2 For options A–C, some of the words were the same and
2 six questions; three options; yes some were expressed differently. For questions 1–6, the
3 specific points speaker used exactly the same words.

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Language development Speaking

1 1 Plants are essential to the air that we breathe. 1a/b 1 totally 4 couldn’t
2 The amount of meat people eat can be bad for the 2 true, sure 5 disagree
environment. 3 a point 6 some extent
3 Flowers attract bees.
4 We have a garden and grow our own vegetables. Audio script 4.2
5 correct
6 correct E = Examiner C1–6 = Candidates 1–6
7 Rain is an important part of the water cycle. E: Some people think that governments should spend more
8 Doctors often give advice on healthy living. money on protecting the natural world than on other areas.
9 correct What’s your view?
10 There was some very interesting information about rare
C1: I totally agree. We have to protect the natural world – our
bird species in the article.
survival depends on it.
2 1 Some 3 Some 5 An, a C2: Yes, that’s true. However, I’m not sure I agree with people
2 a 4 Some 6 some, a who think governments should spend this money on
protecting just some animals. Animals are important, of
3 1 A few 3 a little 5 a little 7 a little course, but governments also need to …
2 a little 4 a few 6 a few 8 a few C3: Well, I agree up to a point. Animals, plants and the land in
general are important. However, governments should also
4a 1 much 3 many 5 much spend money on other …
2 many 4 much 6 many
C4: I couldn’t agree more. Governments are certainly not doing
5a 1 enough 4 enough 7 enough enough to protect the environment. They need to …
2 too much 5 too many 8 Too many C5: I totally disagree. Health and education are more important
3 too many 6 too much and governments should focus on these rather than …

Vocabulary C6: Well, I agree to some extent. Governments do need to

invest in protecting the environment but other areas also …
1 1 B 2 A 3 C
2c 1 For instance, like 3   such as
2b cat (M), dog (M), fish (S), hamster (M), lizard (R), rabbit (M), 2 For example 4    Another example of this is
snake (R), turtle (S)
Audio script 4.3
3a 1 C 3 D 5 H 7 E
2 B 4 G 6 F 8 A E = Examiner C = Candidate
E: Some people say that holidays in nature are more relaxing
3b 1 wings 4 colouring 7 habitat and interesting. What do you think?
2 fur 5 life cycle 8 species
C: I agree to some extent, but I think it depends on the person.
3 nest 6 feathers
For instance, some people find nature quite boring and
they are more relaxed in places like a gallery or museum.
4 1 desert (The others are areas with trees/plants.)
For example, I don’t mind nature, but a week-long holiday I
2 wood (The others contain water.)
think would be boring.
3 rainforest (The others contain water.)
4 island (The others contain water.) E: People often say that holidays are bad for the environment.
5 beach (The others are areas with trees/plants.) What’s your view?
6 river (The others are high areas.) C: I think that’s true. A lot of travel uses transport such as
aeroplanes, which are really bad for the environment.
5 1 coast 4 woods 7 island Another example of this is other forms of transport people
2 desert 5 mountains 8 beaches use: they drive long distances, take lots of taxi journeys
3 rivers 6 forest and generally travel more. So yes, I totally agree with that
statement.
6 1 plant 4 farm 7 protect
2 grow 5 pick 3 She does 1, 2 and 3 but not 4 – she speaks with too many
3 fish 6 hunt silences.
Writing
Audio script 4.4
1 1 There are four paragraphs: introduction (paraphrasing
the question and explaining the approach the writer is E = Examiner C = Candidate
going to take), main body paragraph 1 (discussing the E: People often say that holidays are bad for the environment.
weaker side – the disadvantages), main body paragraph What’s your view?
2 (discussing the stronger side – the advantages),
C: Um … I’m not sure I agree with that. Yes, some holidays are
conclusion (stating the writer’s point of view)
bad for the environment, such as ones with international
2 yes
flights. However, people can take holidays that have, um …
3 the stronger side
that have very little impact on the natural world. Yes … For
instance, they could take a train to a local campsite. This
2 1 topic sentences
type of holiday isn’t really very bad for the natural world. So,
2 A and C
I only agree to some extent.

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 Answer key

1b Example answers
Module 5 1 I really like package holidays because everything is
organised for me, including the flights and hotels.
Reading 2 I often travel by ferry to get to work because I live near a
big river that flows through the city.
2 The Bering Strait is a channel/a narrow passage of water 3 On holiday, I prefer to stay in a hostel because it is much
connecting the Pacific and Arctic Oceans. It is between Russia cheaper than a hotel.
and the USA.
2a 1 fares 5 departure lounge
3 Possible answers 2 distance 6 reservation
He loves adventure. Perhaps he wants to set a new world 3 flight 7 reception desk
record for being the first person to walk around the world in 4 time
one continuous journey.
3a 1 transport 4 one-way 7 round
4 1 B 2 D 3 A 4 C 2 hotel 5 desk
3 flight 6 flights
5a 1 examples
2 the words ‘other challenging places on the journey for 4 1 out 4 off 7 around
Bushby’ 2 around 5 in 8 around
3 to 6 out
5b F
5 1 on 5 with 9 to
5c 1 the (A) reason (B) why few people try to do what Bushby did 2 as 6 around 10 by
2 the (A) reason (B) why an extraordinary walk began 3 in 7 by/on 11 on
3 a (A) description of the (B) ideal time for a dangerous activity 4 for 8 by
4 a (A) reference to an (B) improvement in the environment
that made things easier Writing
5 a (A) description of a (B) problem with equipment
6 a (A) reason for the length of (B) time an activity is taking 1 1 T 2 T 3 F 4 T 5 T
7 a (A) prediction about a (B) future achievement for Bushby
8 a (A) reference to how (B) Bushby will fund the rest of his 3 1 B 2 D 3 A 4 C
journey
4a/b Going up: increased, rose, grew, reached a peak, peaked
6 1 B 3 C 5 E 7 A Going down: declined, decreased, fell
2 G 4 E 6 A 8 G Staying the same: remained unchanged, remained stable,
levelled off, stayed constant
7 1 Usually the words in the passage are not the same as in
the task. 5 Possible answer
2 Yes, A, E, and G are used more than once. Over the 11-year period, the number of people visiting
3 No, D and F are not used. Australia for a holiday increased from roughly 350,000 in
2003 to reach a peak of over 500,000 in 2005. After that,
Language development the number of holiday-makers stayed constant at roughly
450,000 up to 2013. The number of people visiting friends or
1a A -ing form D infinitive with to relatives grew over the period from around 200,000 in 2003
B infinitive with to E both to about 400,000 in 2013. Figures for travelling for business
C -ing form remained fairly stable over the period, at around 190,000
visitors each year. There was, however, a decrease by about
1b 1 C 4 E (-ing form) 20,000 businesspeople in 2009.
2 D 5 A
3 B 6 E (infinitive without to) In contrast, the number of visitors coming to Australia from
New Zealand for employment fell from roughly 90,000 in
2 1 inviting 3 Visiting 5 to see 2003 and 2004 to about 40,000 in 2005. Numbers remained
2 have 4 going 6 to look unchanged at this low figure through to 2013.

Listening
3 1 Getting 6 make 11 make
2 driving 7 to find 12 reducing 1 2 The main points will be about three community groups,
3 to answer 8 driving 13 benefit the activities they do and extra details about these
4 to do 9 to relax 14 Changing activities. We know by looking at the headings in the table.
5 travelling 10 Walking
2 Possible answers
4a A I don’t mind to travel travelling; To visit Visiting 2 a (plural) noun – a type of person or animal
museums; I’m good at learn learning 3 a noun – something that people on the walk will need
B it’s better going to go; I always want to talking talk; Travel 4 a noun – something that people can pick, wash and sell
Travelling with them 5 a noun – a person or people (who can join the gardening
club)
Vocabulary 6 a noun – something that can be moved in order to help
1a 1 beach 3 bike 5 hotel an animal or plant
2 City 4 coach 6 cottage 7 a noun – something that we can find on a beach and that
we can count
8 a noun – something in the water that we can measure

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 Answer key

3 1 D 2 B 3 A 4 C There are two new and exciting projects that researchers

at the university have asked the Youth Group to help them
4 1 dolphins 4 fruit 7 plastic with. One is to walk along the beach and count – not
2 Dogs 5 Beginners 8 temperature animals, but plastic. The information that they collect will be
3 jacket 6 sand very important for trying to reduce unnecessary packaging.
The second new project is looking for changes in the
Audio script 5.1 climate. This will involve collecting sea water at different
points and checking the temperature. This process will be
N = Narrator S = Speaker repeated many times. It will be important work, and lots of
N: You will hear a man who works at a community centre fun, and is open for ages 12 up to 25.
talking to a group of visitors who are interested in The next thing I’d like to tell you about …
becoming volunteers.
S: Hello, everyone, and welcome to our Community Centre Language development
open day. We are the biggest Environmental Community
1a 1 in 5 along 9 on
Centre on this part of the Australian coast and we are well-
2 near 6 behind 10 Below
known for our work with sea animals. I want to tell you
3 opposite 7 next to 11 Between
about some of the groups we have at the centre. Joining
4 over 8 above
them is a good way of helping out.
Let’s start with one of our most popular groups, the Coastal 2a On night is wrong – we say at night.
Walkers. One of the group’s main activities is to count how At the morning is wrong – we say in the morning.
many animals they see on their walk. So if you like spotting In my birthday is wrong – we say on my birthday.
wildlife, then this is the group for you. If you’re very lucky,
you might see a penguin because their numbers are slowly 2b 1 in 2 on 3 at
increasing. Or, very occasionally, we get whales migrating
past our bay. You’re much more likely, however, to spot 3 1 In 3 On 5 At 7 On
dolphins playing around in the sea. 2 At 4 At 6 in 8 on
An extra point about this group: families can come on
the walks, and children of all ages are very welcome. 4 1 across 3 into 5 towards
However, it’s not possible to bring dogs with you – they 2 down 4 along 6 back
can really cause problems for the native animals and the
environment. 5 1 in 5 over 9 by
2 between 6 at 10 at
There are a few things to remember if you’d like to join 3 down 7 to 11 below
the Coastal Walkers. The first thing is you’ll need to call us 4 up 8 over 12 to
to register, so we’ll put you on the list. We’ll then tell you
where to meet your guide on the day of your walk at the Vocabulary
community centre. Another thing to remember is what
1 1 fog 5 thunder (and) lightning
you’ll need to bring with you. Everyone remembers to
2 blizzard 6 flood
bring a hat and a water bottle, but a lot of our visitors arrive
3 drought 7 hurricane
without a jacket. They soon realise this is a mistake as it can
4 heat wave
get quite cool out there! Please come prepared.
Our Gardening Club is also very popular. We have a large 2a 1 B, C, F 2 A, D, E
garden full of food, all grown organically. There are plenty
of jobs for volunteers to do. The main one is to get the 2b 1 thick 4 mild 7 extreme
vegetables ready to be sold, as well as the fruit we grow. 2 light 5 higher 8 violent
Volunteers have to pick the produce, make sure it’s clean, 3 heavy 6 lower
then decide on how much we want people to pay for it.
Now, another point about the Gardening Club: of course, 3 1 warming 3 effect 5 caps
you’ll learn a lot about plants and what grows well in 2 fuels 4 fires
different seasons. But another good thing about joining the
group is that you will find new friends. Spending time with 4 1 Big airplanes cause noise pollution.
other people who have the same interest as you is a great 2 People should put their rubbish in the bin.
experience. Please remember that you don’t need to be an 3 Recycling paper and plastic is common these days.
expert gardener for this activity! Beginners are also welcome. 4 Toxic waste from factories is a big problem.
5 Air pollution can cause breathing difficulties.
Finally, the Youth Group gets together every Sunday 6 More trees in cities can improve the air quality.
afternoon out on the bay. The idea is for young people
to help protect the plant and animal life along the coast. 5 1 takes 3 affect 5 deal
One of the main activities the group is involved with at the 2 produces 4 increases 6 prevent
moment is actually carrying buckets of sand from one place
to another further up the beach. They’re doing this to help
the penguins that come here to nest each year. Writing
1a/b B

2 A 4 B 1 C 3 D 2

3a increased dramatically, steady rise, rose steadily, sudden

growth, decreased significantly

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 Answer key

3b There was a dramatic increase in the figures.

Recycling rates rose steadily. Module 6
There was a steady rise in the percentage.
Those numbers grew suddenly. Reading

Speaking 2 1 suggest 3 businesses 5 stores

2 small 4 problems 6 popular
1a The main topic is helping the environment. The important
question words are what, when, how often and why. 3 1 In the past people shopped in very regular ways but
today many are shopping online instead.
1b 1 E 3 D 5 A 2 New data suggests that, for the first time, the majority
2 F 4 C 6 B of online shopping sales in the UK are now done on
smartphones and tablets.
1c 1 Overall, generally, On the whole 3 While online shopping is growing, there is still an
2 First of all important place on the high street for certain foods.
3 also, Another thing is 4 Stores are also having to change the type of product they
are selling.
1d 1 – 5 In the USA, more money is now spent on eating out than
2 lastly, to start with on groceries.
3 as well, one more point is
4 paragraphs C–E
2a Possible answers
what: take part in neighbourhood clean-up day 5a 1 a noun
when: when he was in primary school 2 Shopping on the web is increasing but it is still better to
how often: once a year
buy some products such as 1 in traditional shops, as
why: important to work together as a community; helps build
we can see from the example of the Hotel Chocolat range.
friendships; helps him to be more active
3 the first three sentences of paragraph C
4 foods
2b right now (I don’t do a lot to help the environment right now)
at the moment (I’m leading such a busy life at the moment)
5b 2 luxury 4 bay 6 queues
when I was younger (I began doing this when I was younger)
3 prepared 5 cashier
at that time (At that time we did the clean-up two or three times
a year) Language development
these days (These days the neighbourhood clean-up day only
takes place once a year) 1 1 P 2 I 3 P 4 I
last year (Last year I cleaned up with a neighbour)
2 1 am going to cut down, am also going to cook
2 isn’t going to be
Audio script 5.3 3 is going to give up, isn’t going to drink
Well, I have to say that generally, I don’t do a lot to help the 4 aren’t going to buy, are going to get
environment right now because I’m leading such a busy life 5 isn’t going to become
at the moment. There’s one thing I do every year though and 6 am going to eat
that’s to take part in the neighbourhood clean-up day. I began
doing this when I was younger – much younger, actually – just 3a 1 Are you going to eat fewer takeaways?
a boy in primary school! At that time we did the clean-up two 2 Are you going to become vegetarian?
or three times a year. These days the neighbourhood clean- 3 What are you going to do to improve your diet?
up day only takes place once a year and everyone in the area 4 Where are you going to shop for food this week?
gets involved. The reason why I became interested in this is, 5 What healthy foods are you going to eat more of?
first of all, because I think working together as a community
is really important. It’s a great feeling to work as a team with 4 Possible answers
your neighbours. It can also help to build friendships between 2 I’m going to learn to cook.
people. Another thing is, I think I’m a bit lazy, so cleaning up 3 I’m going to be sick.
with other people really helps me to be more active! Last year 4 I’m going to make them a chocolate cake.
I cleaned up with a neighbour who was very fast at picking 5 I’m going to go shopping.
up rubbish – I think he wanted to be the best! I really enjoy 6 I’m going to eat fewer takeaways.
helping to clean up the neighbourhood. It’s a great way to meet
people and also help the local community. 5 1 I’m going to study different topics of vocabulary every
day.
2c Present tenses: at the moment, nowadays, right now, these days 2 My teacher is going to recommend some books I can
Past tenses: a few years ago, at that time, in the past, last year, read.
when I was younger 3 My friend and I are going to listen to the news in English
every evening.
3a 1 C 3 A 5 E 4 I’m going to read newspapers and magazines in English.
2 D 4 F 6 B 5 correct
6 correct

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 Answer key

Vocabulary A: What about these ones over here?

1 1 B 2 A 3 D 4 C 3 B: Have you processed all of the orders? We need to do it
soon.
2 1 savoury 3 sweet 5 spicy
2 salty 4 sour 6 bitter A: You’re right, we do. I’ll do it today.
4 B: Greetings cards aren’t very popular – we’re thinking
3 1 junk 6 home-cooked about removing them altogether.
2 fresh 7 takeaway A: I’m not sure that’s a good idea. We sold over 500 last
3 fattening 8 Fast month.
4 organic 9 processed
5 nutritious 10 ready-made 5 A: Are these the new salads?
B: Yes – this one’s the most popular.
4 1 A low-fat B balanced C poor
A: It does look delicious! Oh, there’s one other thing I
2 A vegetarian B healthy C strict
wanted to ask you. Are all the products in this section
3 A unhealthy B low-calorie C special
suitable for vegetarians?
5 1 recipe 3 thirst
2b 1 foods
2 ingredient 4 appetite
2 products
3 processing all of the orders
6a 1 watch 3 put on 5 lose
4 removing greetings cards
2 have, spoil 4 go
5 salads
Expert language
3 1 C 3 E 5 B
put on weight
2 A 4 F

Writing Help
1 1 F 2 T 3 T B cheap – cheaper

2a Possible answers
Reasons to agree Audio script 6.2
1 These advertisements promote unhealthy eating habits. N = Narrator M = Manager E = Employee
2 A ban would help reduce the amount of unhealthy foods N: You will hear the online sales manager of a supermarket
people consume. talking to a new member of staff about their website.
Reasons to disagree
1 It is unfair to the companies trying to sell their products. M: Hello, Dave. So, today I’d just like to go through our website
2 It reduces consumers’ freedom of choice. People should with you and give you an overview of some of the key
be able to decide for themselves. products and the way customers shop. It’s quite different
from in-store.
3a 1 B 2 C 3 A 4 D E: That would be great. I’m really interested in learning more
about online retail.
3b 1 ii 2 iv 3 i 4 iii
M: OK, so the things we sell the best are actually our processed
foods.
3c i A ii B iii D iv C
E: Oh right. That’s quite different from in-store. Why do these
4a 1 example 4 give 7 such sell better?
2 instance 5 Take M: The products transport well. You know, they can take a
3 One 6 like few knocks and it doesn’t affect their quality. That’s really
important to the customer.
Listening
E: Right. Interesting. Is that the same for frozen food?
1 1 Possible answer
a (new) employee M: Well, that’s different. These sell well because they stay in
2 yes date for quite a while – sometimes a year or more – and
3 no (There is one extra option.) people know that when they’re buying online. There’s no
4 in the same order as they appear in questions 1–5 rush to use such products quickly.
E: So how do you decide what special offers to put on each
2a 1 C 3 A 5 E week?
2 D 4 B M: The really useful thing with online shopping is you can see
how your customers shop. We know what they like, so we
Audio script 6.1 can make every offer match the individual person.
1 A: Which foods are the most popular? E: So, we keep information on what every person buys?
B: The ones with the longest sell-by date. M: Exactly. For example, if we know they usually order cola
A: Did you say ‘sell-by date’? with pizza and this time they haven’t, then we can show
them a special offer on fizzy drinks.
B: Yes, the products that stay in date the longest.
E: So do you use this information to email them offers?
2 A: Which products are you going to put on special offer?
B: Hmm … I’m not sure yet.

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 Answer key

M: We do. It’s a great way to increase sales. We also try to find 4a 1 on 4 in 7 on

out information about the whole family. We sell children’s 2 on 5 on 8 back
products more to parents. 3 on 6 by, in 9 on

E: Like snacks and drinks? Writing

M: Yes, but we also try to sell different things, depending on 1a 1 C 2 B 3 A
the time of year. We might sell pens, pencils and books
when children are starting school again. 1b You need to present and explain your opinion/say whether
E: Or other celebrations that children like, such as their you agree or disagree with the statement.
birthdays or Halloween?
2a/b The student will probably agree with the statement.
M: Exactly. It’s a pretty regular spending pattern that they follow.
E: How else can you use the information you know? 3a 1 E 3 C 5 B
M: Lots of our things you can buy in any supermarket. Like 2 A 4 D
cleaning products. So it’s important to know which ones
customers like. People often have a favourite brand. We 3b as a result B secondly E
look at how much other supermarkets sell these for and try but C such as D
to sell them cheaper. moreover A
E: Right. So it’s important to compare what other Speaking
supermarkets are selling them for?
1a A 2 B 1 C 3
M: Exactly. We need to do this everyday if we can.
E: Well, I certainly didn’t know that. Um, there’s one other Audio script 6.3
thing I wanted to ask you …
A I’m not sure. It’s definitely more popular than it was in the
Language development past. In the past people worried about security online but
this isn’t a big problem nowadays. I could be wrong, but it’s
1 1 D 3 P 5 D probably more popular than shopping on the high street. It
2 P 4 O 6 O saves people a lot of time.
2a 1 ’ll 3 ’ll 5 won’t 7 won’t B It’s difficult to say – I think it depends on the person. My
2 won’t 4 ’ll 6 won’t 8 ’ll grandparents don’t shop online. My parents buy their
weekly food online and also book their holidays online. I
2b 1 D 3 D 5 D 7 P buy nearly everything online, apart from clothes.
2 P 4 O 6 P 8 P C I can’t say for sure. There are definitely fewer shops
nowadays. Well, fewer small shops. Most high streets all
4 1 I’m going to 6 It will look the same and have just a few big businesses. In some
2 are you going to 7 I’ll countries though, online shopping isn’t very popular at the
3 I’ll 8 will moment and it will be a long time before their high street
4 are you going to 9 I’m going to disappears.
5 I’ll 10 I’ll
1b 1 sure 2 wrong 3 say 4 sure
5a 1 are you going to go
2 will people eat 1c to say they are not sure
3 will people’s shopping habits change
4 are you going to do 2a 1 Perhaps 4 maybe 7 Absolutely
5 Are you going to stay 2 probably 5 certainly 8 Clearly
6 will supermarkets close 3 Of course 6 definitely 9 possibly
Vocabulary
Audio script 6.4
1 1 sports shop 5 bookshop
E = Examiner C1 = Candidate 1 C2 = Candidate 2
2 chemist’s 6 department store
3 antique shops 7 florist’s E: Tell me about the different things people buy online.
4 second-hand store 8 newsagent’s C1: Um, perhaps the most popular things to buy online are
music, books and films. People probably buy these online
2a 1 C 3 B 5 G 7 D more than they do in shops. Of course, what people buy on
2 E 4 F 6 H 8 A the internet depends on their age. Older people prefer to
do their shopping in stores, I think, whereas younger people
2b 1 fitting room 5 credit card do a lot of their shopping online.
2 bill 6 discount
3 order 7 receipt E: Do you think online shopping is more popular than
4 shop assistant 8 customer shopping in stores?
C2: Hmm … maybe – it’s difficult to say. We certainly have
3a 1 buy 6 offer more things we can buy online nowadays, but I’m not sure
2 afford 7 browse people do buy them online more than they do in shops.
3 exchange, return 8 spend Online sales are definitely higher than in-store sales for
4 cost 9 advertise some products, but I’m not sure online shopping in general
5 serve is more popular than shopping on the high street.

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 Answer key

E: Do you think high street shops will all close in the future? 4a 1 D 3 E 5 C
2 A 4 B
C3: Absolutely, but I don’t think it will happen for a long time.
Clearly, people today have more ways of shopping that are 5 2Unless you come home from work early, you don’t get to
more convenient, like shopping online or by phone, but know your neighbours.
they still prefer to buy certain things in stores. It will possibly You don’t get to know your neighbours unless you come
take a long time for some shopping habits to change. home from work early.
3 Unless people like their neighbourhood, they move away.
2b 1 NC 4 NC 7 C People move away unless they like their neighbourhood.
2 NC 5 C 8 C 4 Unless you read your local newspaper, you don’t find out
3 C 6 C 9 NC what’s happening locally.
You don’t find out what’s happening locally unless you
3a 1 goods 4 routine read your local newspaper.
2 on the high street 5 certain 5 Unless you live near the city centre, you have to drive to
3 on the internet the shops.
You have to drive to the shops unless you liver near the
3b Possible answers city centre.
1 however, although, though, while, whereas 6 Unless you go to local events, you don’t get to meet
2 stores, businesses, companies people in your area.
3 enjoy, prefer, love You don’t get to meet people in your area unless you go
4 like, for instance, for example to local events.
5 now, these days, today
Vocabulary
1 1 6
Module 7 2
developments
facilities 7
services
residents
3 citizen 8 involvement
Reading 4 council 9 cooperation
5 relationship 10 society
Expert language
a roundabout 2 1 urban 3 rural 5 noisy
2 safe 4 local 6 crowded
3 1 nature 6 roundabout
3a 2 thief 7 police officer
2 industrial 7 house
3 shoplifter 8 criminal
3 greenbelt 8 knowledge
4 suspect 9 vandal
4 competition 9/10 A and C (in either order)
5 burglar 10 mugger
5 concrete
6 witness
Language development
3b 1 judge 3 shoplifter 5 vandal
1a B 2 mugger 4 witness

1b 1 correct 4a vandal – vandalism robber – robbery

2 correct mugger – mugging burglar – burglary
3 The condition (the if clause) can come before or after the shoplifter – shoplifting thief – theft
result (the main clause).
4 There is no comma if the main clause comes first. 4b 1 incorrect – robbery 4 correct
5 correct 2 correct 5 incorrect – mugger
3 incorrect - Shoplifting 6 correct
2 2 (A) If/When you read the local paper, you find out what’s
going on. 5a 1 C 3 E 5 B 7 D
3 (E) If/When you live in the city, you have easy access to 2 A 4 G 6 H 8 F
cultural events.
4 (B) If/When you join a community centre, you meet Writing
people and learn new skills. 1 1 The table shows percentages of stolen objects from
5 (D) If/When you join a leisure centre, you get fit and homes in New South Wales, Australia in the years 2001
have fun. and 2010. The words in the task and the title above the
table give us this information.
3 2 When people have good jobs, crime decreases. 2 Column 1 is the list of commonly stolen items in 2001,
Crime decreases when people have good jobs. column 2 is the percentage for each item, column 3 is
3 If you live in a city, life is very busy. the list of commonly stolen items in 2010 and column 4
Life is very busy if you live in a city. is the percentage for each item.
4 If you move house, you have to make new friends. 3 It shows which year the information in each pair of
You have to make new friends if you move house. columns refers to.
5 If you witness a crime, you need to tell the police. 4 It shows how many house burglaries were reported in
You need to tell the police if you witness a crime. total in 2001 and 2010.
6 If you live near a leisure centre, you are lucky.
You are lucky if you live near a leisure centre. 2 The table provides data about items taken from houses during
burglaries in New South Wales in 2001 and 2010.
Overall, there were fewer house burglaries reported in 2010.

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 Answer key

There was also some change in the type of items that thieves S1: Let’s start by saying that the apartments in Keltford are
stole and how often people reported them as stolen. going to be tall – 35 storeys in total.
Between 2001 and 2010 there was an increase in the theft of
S2: Yes, good idea. We can also say that the site where they will
some items. In 2001 stealing money represented just over a
build the apartments in the new development is 43 acres.
fifth of all domestic burglaries. This figure increased to over
30 percent in 2010. There was an increase in the number of S1: OK.
cameras reported as stolen from around one in ten in 2001 S2: And that a lot of locals are really against it. They think most
to almost a quarter in 2010. Theft of mobile phones increased people will buy an apartment there as an investment, not as
slightly from 12 percent in 2010 to 14 percent in 2010. By 2010 a home. And so it won’t feel like a community.
computers were high on the list of things stolen (26 percent).
S1: But let’s mention that the architects are going to try to make
On the other hand, there was a decrease in the theft of several
their development a lot like the Pontwick area of Helby.
items. Jewellery decreased from 21 percent in 2001 to 15
It has lots of high-rise apartments that are actually really
percent in 2010, while watches fell slightly from 13 percent in
2001. Roughly one in ten reported thefts were televisions in popular with families.
2001 and this figure decreased slightly over the period. There S2: Good point. One thing I love about the design of the
was a general decrease in reported home burglaries over the Pontwick apartments is that they’re built in a square shape
period: the 2001 figure of 75,000 reduced by half by 2010. with a lake in the middle.
S1: Yes, with lots of green spaces around the outside of the
3 1 gives information – provides data apartments.
objects – items
stolen – taken S2: We can say that people there are happy and really feel part
home – house(s) of the local community. For example, there are playgrounds
2 The first overview sentence describes the general for children. And the local park has tennis courts that
decrease in reported domestic burglaries. The second people can use for a small fee.
overview sentence explains that there were increases and S1: OK. Now another big high-rise area is Norpool. This
decreases for different items. The overview sentences development will be even bigger than the Keltford
focus on trends, not detail. apartments when it’s finished.
S2: But can people who live in a huge development like this
4a 1 F 4 B 7 H 10 A feel like part of a community?
2 D 5 K 8 I 11 J
3 G 6 L 9 E 12 C S1: Well, Norpool will have so many people living there they’re
planning on holding an annual festival to get all of the
4b 1 A 2 C residents together!
S2: Really? Well, it’s a big problem for people in tall apartment
Listening buildings – how do the residents get to meet each other?
1 1 C 3 G 5 F 7 D S1: I know. In the Keltford development they’re thinking of
2 E 4 A 6 B moving the lifts for this reason. Instead of putting them
in the centre of the building, they’re going to put them
2 2 Possible answers outside. It’ll look modern and it’ll create more communal
1 a number space where the lifts usually go. That space can then be
2 a person or a group of people used as a lounge area or gym, for example.
3 a building or other structure (e.g. a square), a natural S2: There’s a really well-known apartment development in
feature (e.g. a wood, a lake) Drentworth that we could show a picture of. It has six
4 a facility, a service, a building high-rise towers. What’s interesting about them is they’re all
5 an event/special occasion connected by covered bridges on two of the floors. Inside
6 an (unusual) place them are community areas such as playgrounds, gyms and
7 a structure (e.g. a bridge, a walkway, a corridor) garden spaces.
8 a public facility, a public building
S1: What a clever idea! It’s interesting that in many
3 You need to listen for what the students decide to do. communities, the most popular public building is a library.
I hope they manage to build one in the Keltford apartments
4 1 35 (storeys/floors) 6 outside somewhere – as well as all of the shops they’re planning to
2 locals 7 (covered) bridges put in.
3 (a) lake 8 (a/the) library S2: Well, we seem to have a lot of ideas. What do you think we
4 tennis courts 9/10 B and C should do next for our presentation?
5 a festival/annual festival
S1: How about finding some photos on the internet of the places
we’ll be talking about? We need to decide which ones to use.
Audio script 7.1 S2: Actually, I’ve already got images of the buildings we talked
N = Narrator S1 = Student 1 S2 = Student 2 about on my USB.
N: You will hear two architecture students talking about S1: Oh great! You’re organised!
a presentation they are going to give on building large S2: I think we’ve done enough reading on Keltford, don’t you?
apartment blocks.
S1: Well, actually, I’d like to know a bit more about the history –
S1: Are you ready to talk about our presentation? how it got its name, for example.
S2: Yes, let’s get started. So, we’ve decided to talk about what S2: OK, I’ll try to find out a bit more too. I can do that this
makes a good community, and in particular what are some afternoon.
of the issues facing new high-rise apartment developments
like the one planned for the Keltford area in Helby.

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 Answer key

S1: Professor Smith said we could go and see her if we needed 2 1 prison (The others are types of holiday accommodation.)
to ask her any questions. Shall I organise a time with her? I 2 library (The others are important buildings in an
think she’s free tomorrow. emergency.)
3 hospital (The others are entertainment places.)
S2: Well, I think I’d rather do that when we have the
presentation almost finished. We still have a few weeks to 3a 1 public housing
work on it; there are other things I think we should do first. 2 public spaces
S1: I see what you mean. One thing I’d like to do is actually talk 3 education
to some of the people who live in one of the new high-rise 4 environmental protection
apartments near here. You know, get their point of view on 5 health care
what it’s like. 6 police and fire services
S2: Mm, I’m just not sure how we’d find someone. I don’t want
to just knock on someone’s door! I think it might be better 3b 1 F 3 B 5 D
to watch the programme that’s on TV this week. I’m sure 2 C 4 E 6 A
they’ll interview people in that. Writing
S1: Great idea! We should definitely do that. Now what time
shall I … 1 1 shows 5 fell 9 numbers
2 illustrates 6 drop 10 remained
Language development 3 decreased 7 percentage
4 differences 8 comparison
1 1 two
2 can start with the if clause or the result clause 2 1 B 2 C 3 A 4 D
3 the if clause
3 1 amount 3 comparison 5 number
2 1 I’ll take the job at the local supermarket if the salary is 2 differences 4 information
reasonable.
2 Unless my neighbours stop being so loud, I’ll have to find Speaking
a new place to live.
3 He’ll rent the apartment if he can afford it. 1b 1 D 3 E 5 C
4 Unless they have a problem with traffic, they’ll be here for 2 A 4 B
the meeting at 11 a.m.
5 The concert will finish at 11 p.m. unless they do some 2 Possible answers
extra songs. 1 … that families should look after elderly people at home.
6 I’ll get a gym membership if they are open at the weekends. 2 … some elderly people have a lot of savings and can
afford to pay for themselves.
3a 1 will try 5 do 9 do 3 … this situation can become very hard if everyone has to
2 move 6 will increase 10 will be go out to school and work.
3 don’t move 7 get 4 … will the government be able to afford it?
4 won’t allow 8 will use 5 … they could raise taxes slightly to afford it.

3b If people don’t move here, then I guess the council won’t 3a 2

allow …
If they do, then employment opportunities will increase … 3b 1 B 2 A 3 C

4a 1 C 3 D 5 B Audio script 7.2

2 A 4 E That’s a really important question, especially in today’s world
where many people eat too much and have health problems.
4b A If the fashion doesn’t change a lot, I’ll paint the walls Why are they important? Well, first of all people need to go
white. there to improve their health and fitness. It’s true that people
B People will have to travel further unless they can afford to could exercise by themselves – by walking or running, for
live close to the city. example – but we can be lazy, so an actual facility might
C I’d like to move house soon, but unless I find a better encourage us to exercise more regularly. Another reason,
one, I’ll stay where I am. um, … let me see … Another reason is it gives people the chance
D I think homes will get bigger if families don’t have fewer to try new sports and activities. Some people might think going
children. to the swimming pool is boring, but if they try water aerobics,
E Unless we reduce the amount of time we spend at work, for example, they might find a new interest.
we’ll know each other less.

Vocabulary
Module 8
1a 1 centre 4 hall 7 station
2 hall 5 centre 8 home Reading
3 centre 6 centre
2 1 D 3 G 5 G
1b 1 concert hall 2 D 4 D
2 tourist information centre
3 community centre 3 1 B 6 university education
4 retirement home 2 C 7 problems
5 leisure centre 3 D 8 evening
6 health centre 4 A 9 leadership qualities
5 school attendance 10 social situations
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 Answer key

Language development 2 The student gives three reasons (desk-based jobs,

dependency on cars, no time) and three solutions
1 A started in the past and continues in the present
(companies introducing exercise programmes,
B an indefinite
government encouraging people to walk/cycle to work,
C an experience or achievement
TV programmes).
2 Regular: closed, finished, opened, played, started, stopped, tried
3a 1 One 3 main 5 Another
Irregular: become, bought, chosen, driven, gone, swum, taught
2 further 4 solve
3 1 have never met 5 have done
3b Phrases in model answer
2 Have you ever won 6 Has he given up
Introducing reasons: The main reason for (this lack of activity)
3 have failed 7 haven’t been
is that … ; Another reason is that …; Finally, (busy private lives)
4 haven’t renewed 8 has never taken
is a further reason for …
Introducing solutions: Firstly, (governments) could help
4a 1 for 3 for 5 since
solve the problem by … ; A further solution could be for
2 since 4 for 6 since
(governments) to … ; Lastly, (exercise programmes) could …
5 1 A never 3 A just
Other phrases – Possible answers
B yet B ever
Introducing reasons: One reason why this happens is … ; This
C ever C yet
happens because …
2 A already 4 A already
Introducing solutions: One possible solution (to this
B before B lately
problem) is … ; … is another possible solution; One way to
C always C always
solve the problem could be …
6a 1 Have you tried 7 haven’t entered Listening
2 have tried 8 have always preferred
3 haven’t won 9 Have you played 1 1 C 3 D 5 E
4 have only played 10 have just started 2 B 4 A
5 Have you ever won 11 have already joined
6 have won 12 haven’t made 2 A 3 B 1, 4, 5 C 2

A yet B since C for D yet 3b 1 temperature 6 football

2 pillow 7 candles
Vocabulary
3 TV/television 8 water
1 1 boxing 3 taekwondo 5 athletics 4 white 9 A
2 ice hockey 4 rugby 6 surfing 5 golf 10 C

2 1 play 3 play 5 go
Help
2 go 4 do 6 do
1 thin   2 water or milk
3 1 course 3 pool 5 track 7 rink
2 pitch 4 court 6 ring Audio script 8.1
4 1 E 4 G 7 F N = Narrator S = Speaker
2 I 5 D 8 C N: You will hear a sports psychologist talking about the science
3 B 6 H 9 A of sleep.
S: Today I’m going to talk to you about the science of sleep
5 1 champion 3 coach 5 referee
and how we can use it in sport. You might ask yourself,
2 captain 4 player
‘What has sleep got to do with sport?’ Well, in the same way
that a coach helps an athlete reach their best performance,
6 Fan and supporter have a similar meaning (= a person who
sleep coaches help athletes get the best night’s sleep
supports a team). Spectator is different (= someone who is
possible. This then helps them to perform well.
watching a sports event).
The first factor to consider when trying to get a good night’s
7a 1 B 3 F 5 E sleep is to look at the bedroom itself. Many people think it’s
2 C 4 A 6 D good for it to be warm, but the opposite is true. The perfect
temperature is only 16–18 degrees Celsius, which is really
Writing quite cool.
1b Possible answers Often professional sportspeople spend money on buying
1 work or study pressure, desk-based jobs, dependency on lots of expensive items for the bedroom. This isn’t what you
cars, lazy hobbies (e.g. watching TV, surfing the web) need to get the best night’s sleep. You can spend a fortune
2 working less, being more active at work, walking, taking on duvets filled with feathers, but what you actually need is
up new hobbies one thin pillow and a soft mattress that will hold your body
shape. These will really help.
2 1
There are four paragraphs: Another common mistake people make is seeing the
• introduction: paraphrases the statement in the writing bedroom as a place to do things other than sleep. While
task and explains the writer’s approach there’s nothing wrong with reading a book in bed, it’s not a
• main body paragraph 1: gives reasons good idea to watch anything. So, the first thing I tell athletes
• main body paragraph 2: suggests solutions is to lose the TV. It’s far too stimulating.
• conclusion: summarises the writer’s point of view.

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 Answer key

Which brings me to the final point I want to make about 5 correct

the bedroom. You may not realise it but certain colours 6 I play volleyball every Monday night.
are going to help you have a good night’s sleep. Red, for 7 Most sports centres in my town have a swimming pool.
example, is a popular colour for the bedroom, but it’s not 8 Exercising with a friend can make a workout more
the best. It’s much better to have a colour like white on the enjoyable.
walls. It’s far more calming just before going to bed.
6 1 The 6 the 11 The
Now I’d like to tell you a bit more about the job of the sleep 2 – 7 the 12 a
coach. The first one to give himself that job title was also a 3 an 8 the 13 –
professional sportsperson before he retired. He wasn’t an 4 a 9 a
Olympic athlete, but he played golf all around the world. He 5 a 10 –
found a job working for a company that sold sleep products,
The student is answering questions 1 and 2.
which is when he first realised that no one was thinking
about sleep. He now travels the world supporting football Vocabulary
players most of the time, but also occasionally cyclists.
1 1 matches 4 championship
One of the things he recommends is developing a bedtime
2 race 5 semi-final
routine. Things such as turning the lights down low or
3 marathon 6 final
using candles help the body get ready for sleep. Bright
lights from phones are the worst thing to use in that final
2a 1 E 3 C 5 B
hour before sleep.
2 D 4 F 6 A
His final recommendation might be surprising. Everyone
knows that coffee keeps us awake and so we shouldn’t drink 2b 1 host 3 sponsor 5 train
it before bed. But did you know that water also wakes the 2 sign 4 support 6 compete
body up? Consequently, he suggests avoiding taking a glass
to bed. 3a 1 C 3 F 5 D
Now, the area of ‘sleep science’ in sport is growing in 2 A 4 B 6 E
popularity. One of the reasons for this is because it’s very
common for professional sportspeople to have trouble 4a 1 a goal 2 a match 3 a race
getting a good night’s sleep. But what’s the reason for this?
Well, often they have to compete all around the world. 4b 1 won 3 score 5 beat
So by the time they get back home, it’s lunchtime, and 2 lost 4 lost 6 won
they’ve lost a night’s sleep. If they’re still living at home, most
parents are working, so they also don’t realise how little 5 1 set goals 4 break rules
sleep they’ve had. 2 play by the rules 5 do my best
3 breaking records 6 make an effort
This brings me onto the way that we actually think about
sleep. Even though I’ve used the term ‘sleep science’ Writing
previously, it’s not helpful to think about it like that. Yes, we
can talk about how many hours we get in one night, but 1 B
that’s the wrong way of looking at it. It’s far better to think
of sleep as a series of stages that last for about 90 minutes 2a Plan 2 is better. Plan 1 does not work because the reasons
each. So we should aim to get about four or five of these and solutions are not organised into clear paragraphs. Also,
each night for the body and mind to recover. you should not discuss any advantages or disadvantages of
the situation in your answer; you should only present reasons
So, to sum up, the most important factors to consider … and solutions.

Language development 2b Reasons: 1, 3, 4, 8

1 A Use the C Don’t use an article Solutions: 2, 5, 6, 7
B Use a or an D Don’t use an article
2c Reasons: 1, 3, 4
2 1 a 3 an 5 an 7 the, an Solutions: 2, 5, 6
2 the 4 the 6 the 8 The
3 Phrases in model answer
3 1 –, the 4 –, –, – 7 –, the, – … but there are also solutions.
2 The, the, the 5 The, the, – 8 –, the Furthermore, a lot of people quickly get discouraged …
3 –, the 6 –, – Also, before joining a gym, people could …
Moreover, a gym instructor’s support …
4a 1 the 3 a 5 –, – Other phrases – Possible answers
2 a, – 4 a as well (as this), in addition, too

5 1 correct Speaking
2 What kind of sport do you prefer?
1 A and D
3 I’m terrible at football but I love watching it on TV.
2 Sport can teach children how to work in a team.
2 yes
3 Is sporting success important in your country?
4 The Olympic Games are an example of how sport can
bring people together.

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 Answer key

Audio script 8.2

E = Examiner C = Candidate
Module 9
E: Can you start speaking now, please? Reading
C: I like playing lots of different sports – for example, I like 1 The passage mentions that robots can research facts and write
basketball, golf and beach volleyball; but the one I’m going stories quickly.
to talk about is tennis – my favourite sport. I’m part of a
tennis club and I have a lot of friends I play with. Sometimes 3 Sarah O’Connor: They can write fast. The quality of their
I just play against friends for fun, but I also take part in local writing is good/better than expected.
tournaments. We have training once or twice a week. It’s David Willetts: They can do jobs requiring high level thinking
often only once a week in the winter when the weather is skills.
bad. Then, in spring, I play in tournaments once or twice a Robert Colville: They are good at routine tasks (but cannot do
month. I enjoy playing this sport partly because I’m good more complex or creative jobs.)
at it. What I mean by that is, if I was really bad at playing, I Robbie Allen: They can produce articles that have a regular
don’t think I would enjoy it as much – sometimes the fact pattern.
that you can do something well motivates you to continue Ken Doctor: They can produce texts with accurate facts and
doing it, and makes you like it even more. I believe I have data.
a natural talent in the sport, but I also train a lot, so I’ve
become a lot better at it. I also enjoy playing it for the social 4 1–3 robots
aspect – I have a lot of good friends at the club. In fact, I 4 the ability to stack a shelf or navigate a car
met my best friend there. We often play together and she 5 being good at tasks requiring repetition
enjoys tennis as much as I do. 6 the fact that there is never any sickness
7 a factory
What do I think it takes to be good at this sport? Well,
8 lights
physical fitness is an important factor. However, fitness
9 robots
alone isn’t enough; it’s also about technique and training.
To put it another way, although physical fitness helps, you
5 1 cotton 5 earthquake 9 D
can’t be good without training and improving on your
2 repetition 6 B 10 C
weaknesses. It takes a lot of hard work if you want to be
3 sickness 7 E
good at it, but it’s worth it – it’s a great sport!
4 lights 8 A

3 A Language development
1a A 1 and 2 use the past simple. 3 uses the present perfect.
4a 1 I believe, I think, in my view
B the past simple
2 as, because, due to
C the present perfect
3 as a result, so
4 although, even though, however
1b question 1
5 for instance, like, such as
6 also, as well as, too
1c 1 Lately 3 never 5 When 7 yet
2 Since 4 just 6 ago 8 still
4b 1 I also 3 believe 5 Although
2 because 4 so
2a 1 bought 5 found
2 started 6 Have I missed
5a Possible answers
3 haven’t had 7 have saved
• what the sport is: tennis
4 bought 8 haven’t done
• how often you play it and who with: once or twice a week,
plays in tournaments once or twice a month in spring; plays
3a question 3
with friends/with best friend
• why you enjoy playing this sport: because she is good at it, 3b 1 have started 3 have begun 5 did
for the social aspect 2 was 4 correct 6 correct
• what it takes to be good at this sport: physical fitness,
technique, training 4 1 have 3 were 5 In 7 has
2 has 4 has 6 in
5b 1 B 2 D 3 A 4 C
Vocabulary
6 1 by 3 trying
2 way 4 In 1a 1 C 3 F 5 B 7 H
2 A 4 G 6 E 8 D

2a Positive: believable, effective, entertaining, informative

Negative: boring, depressing

2b 1 boring 4 entertaining
2 depressing 5 effective
3 informative 6 believable

3 1 I often download and listen to podcasts when I’m

travelling to university on the train.
2 Many parents worry about their children talking to
people they don’t know in chat rooms.

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 Answer key

3 I’ve had 50 likes for my latest photos on Facebook. W: Well, a few people in my family are interested in your
4 I find it really interesting to read people’s blogs online – courses. The first person is my mother-in-law. She’s
so many people keep one nowadays. interested in learning basic computer and internet skills.
5 I use emoticons a lot with my friends – I like the little
yellow faces. M: It sounds like our Technology for Seniors course would suit
6 I use instant messaging all the time with my friends. It’s her.
the quickest way of contacting each other. W: Yes, I saw that on your website. I can see it covers emailing
and social media, but I wondered if it would cover online
4 1 go 4 subscribe 7 comment shopping – she’d like to give this a try.
2 follow 5 tag 8 reply
3 post 6 update M: Actually, I’m not sure, but I can call the person who runs the
course and let you know if you like.
5 1 H 3 F 5 D 7 G W: That would be great. The next question I had was about
2 C 4 E 6 B 8 A the 3D Printing course. My daughter’s really interested in
this. But it says on your website that you need to have your
Writing tablet computer to bring with you. She doesn’t have one.
1 1 Australian people’s media preferences M I see. Don’t worry, she’ll be able to use one of our
2 six – TV, books, radio, internet, newspapers, magazines computers here – her teacher can lend her one. I think I
3 No, you should only include data shown in the charts in should add this information to that page online – we don’t
your summary. want to discourage people from coming!
W: Oh good. Now, my husband is interested in the Create Your
2 A 3 B 2 C 1 D 4 Own Website course.
3a 1 All the words/phrases are used to introduce something M: It’s very popular – I’d advise enrolling soon for the next one.
different. W: Yes, I think he will. But he wants to know about the
2–3 although – beginning coursebook – it says on your website that he’ll receive this
however – beginning on the first night of the course. But he’d actually like to get
in contrast (to this) – beginning it before the course starts so he can get familiar with the
on the other hand – beginning content.
while – middle
M: I think this would be OK, once he’s enrolled and paid. I’m
happy to send that out to him in the mail.
3b Possible answers
• In Australia, 80 percent of people in their 20s check social W: That’s good to know. The last question I have is related to
media every day. However/On the other hand/In contrast the Graphic Design course.
(to this), only 40 percent of people in their 60s do this. M: OK.
• While/Although 80 percent of Australians in their 20s check
social media every day, only 40 percent of Australians in W: Your website says that students should attend every class,
their 60s do the same. but I know that I’ll have to miss at least one evening
• In Australia, 80 percent of people in their 20s check social because I have a work trip planned. Is that OK?
media every day, while/although only 40 percent of people M: I’m sure it will be, but I can ask the member of staff. I can
in their 60s do the same. then call you and let you know.

Listening W: That would be great, thanks.

M: OK, so would you like to start the enrolment process for
2b 1 B 2 C 3 A
any of those courses?
2c ‘River’ is the answer. ‘Forest’ is the address of the college. W: Yes, I’ll enrol now and I’ll ask the others to contact you later.
M: Sure, I’ll just need to write down a few details if that’s OK.
3 1 B 6 River
W: That’s fine.
2 C 7 07434 379 562
3 A 8 reception M: So, can I start with your full name?
4 B 9 18 August W: Yes, it’s Emma Steele. That’s S-T-double E-L-E.
5 Steele 10 magazine (article)
M: Thank you. I’ll just make a note of that on the student
enrolment form. Ah hang on, my pen’s not working – let me
Audio script 9.1 just get another one. OK, got it.
N = Narrator   M = Man   W = Woman W: Great.
N: You will hear a conversation between a woman who is M: OK. And can I get your home address, please?
interested in technology courses and a man who works at a
community college. W: Yes, it’s 3 River Road, Trent Town.
M: Good afternoon, Trent Town Community College, Greg M: Oh, you’re not too far away from the college then – we’re
speaking. on Forest Road as you probably know.
W: Oh hi, my name’s Emma. I’ve been looking at your website W: That’s right – I’ll be able to walk there!
and I want to ask a few questions about your technology M: You’re very lucky. You won’t get stuck in traffic like I often
courses. do! And can I get your phone number, please?
M: Of course, how can I help? W: Sure, I’ll give you my mobile. It’s 07434 379 562.
M: OK. Now, we send out a lot of information via email, so can
I get an email address for you, please?

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 Answer key

W: Yes, of course, it’s [email protected]. I’ll pick up the Expert language

emails at work. storage; storage space
M: OK, got that. Now, you said you were interested in the
Graphic Design course, is that right? Writing
W: Yes. When does the next one start? I think I saw 25 1 1, 3, 4
September on the website?
M: We have one before that. Let me see … it’s July now … yes, 2d 2
our next one is 18 August.
W: Great, put me down for that. 3 The writer uses all the words/phrases. They are used to
describe similarities.
M: OK, and the last thing I want to ask you is how you heard
In 2007 the most common reasons for using the internet in the
about our courses. For example, was it through a friend?
UK were emailing and shopping, both at 60 percent each. Only
W: Actually, I first read about the course in a magazine article 30 percent of people said they did banking on the internet and
when I was at the hairdresser’s. I then went to your website similarly, only 20 percent of people used the internet to access
to check. the news. By far, the least popular reason for using the internet
M: Thanks. Now, we need to discuss payment, so … was to make video calls, at 8 percent.
In 2016 people’s reasons for using the internet were different.
Language development Both emailing and shopping were still the most common
reasons for going online – 80 percent and 75 percent
1a Well, it was at our neighbour’s house. His family were respectively. However, there was a dramatic increase in
fairly wealthy and their house was always full of the latest people going online to access news. This figure increased
technology. His mother worked for a computer company – its dramatically by 40 percent, to reach 60 percent. In the same
name was Computer World, I think. Her boss gave her a big way, online banking increased in popularity up to the same
computer to bring home and we played on it for hours! figure of 60 percent. Like the previous two categories, making
video calls through the internet also saw a huge rise, from 8
1b 1 your 4 their 7 Its/Their percent in 2007 to 45 percent in 2016.
2 ours 5 My 8 her
3 my 6 her Speaking

2 1 Each 4 either 7 None 2 Possible answers

2 Both 5 None 8 every Candidate 1 agrees. (Reasons: Everything will be digital/online.
3 Most 6 most Young people prefer getting news online.)
Candidate 2 disagrees. (Reasons: People like to hold a
3 1 deal 3 plenty 5 number newspaper rather then look at a screen. Not everyone has a
2 amount 4 couple computer/mobile phone yet.)
Candidate 3 agrees. (Reasons: Sales have decreased, but local
4 1 both, someone 4 nothing news is becoming more popular.)
2 something 5 anyone
3 everybody 3a Candidate 1: obviously, basically, clearly, definitely
Candidate 2: hopefully, importantly, clearly
5 1 nobody 3 Nobody 5 everybody Candidate 3: sadly, apparently, surprisingly
2 everybody 4 something 6 nobody
Audio script 9.2
Vocabulary
1 I completely agree. Obviously, it’ll take a long time, but we
1 1 download 4 upgrade 7 message can already see changes starting to happen now. Basically,
2 attach 5 google I think the same big newspapers will exist, but they will all
3 crash 6 browsing be digital – you know, read online. Clearly, young people
want to read everything on a screen now, so definitely,
2a 2 A gadget is a small, useful and cleverly designed machine. yeah, newspapers will go.
8 A fast internet connection allows you to get information 2 Mm, I’m not so sure. Hopefully, this won’t happen. I really
from the internet quickly. like reading a newspaper and in my view, a lot of people
like to actually hold a paper rather then look at a screen.
2b 1 devices 4 apps Importantly, not everyone has access to a computer
2 digital age 5 equipment or mobile phone yet, so clearly there is still a need for
3 e-book 6 software newspapers now.
3a develop – development 3 Well, sadly, yes, I agree. Apparently, newspaper sales are
impact – impact dropping fast. Surprisingly though, local news is becoming
affect – effect very popular and more free local newspapers are printed
now than ever before, so maybe these kind of newspapers
3b 1 developments 4 affects will survive, but in much smaller numbers compared to now.
2 impact 5 changes
3 advances 3b 1 I’ve had my phone for a long time now. Hopefully, I’ll get
a new one next year.
4a 1 C, out 3 A, out 5 B, up 7 D, up 2 Sadly, sending letters isn’t as popular now as text
2 G, up 4 E, into 6 F, up messaging.
3 Surprisingly, a lot of old mobile phones aren’t recycled.

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 Answer key

4 Apparently, there are more mobile devices in the world 2 1 who 4 where 7 which
than people! 2 who 5 whose
5 Clearly, parents need to control how much technology 3 who 6 who
their children use.
3a 1 My sister is the person who I consider my best friend.
4a 1 repeat 4 understand 2 This is the book which I was telling you about.
2 sure, another 5 mind 3 There’s a place where we can go to talk.
3 explain 4 I have a friend whose beliefs are very different to mine.
5 I like to travel to places where there is a different way of life.
4b 1 R 3 C 5 R 6 I love to talk to people whose first language is different to
2 C 4 C mine.
7 I don’t like places where there is no wi-fi.
5a 3 8 I admire people who find it easy to tell funny stories.

5b 3In my view, no they shouldn’t. 2Basically, children are too 3b 1, 2, 8

young at this age and they don’t know how to use things like
mobile phones or tablets properly. 3I think at a young age, 3c 1, 2, 3
they will want to use them all the time. If they have them
when they’re older, they’ll understand when the best time 3d Relative pronouns that can be omitted are in brackets.
to use them is and when they can’t. 2Worryingly, it’s quite 2 Elderly people who/that start to learn a new language
common now to see young children with electronic devices. can improve their memory.
1
For instance, I often see children on a device in restaurants 3 There is research which/that shows that babies
playing games while their parents eat. Some people say this is ‘communicate’ with non-verbal gestures.
OK, 4but 3in my opinion, it’s a bad habit. I 2definitely feel that 5 I’m really pleased with the mobile phone (which/that)
people should eat and talk together as a family. I bought recently.
6 Most of the lectures (which/that) I went to were
interesting.
Module 10 7 I’m catching up with friends tonight at the place (where)
we met last week.
Reading 8 People who/that grew up without social media might
find it hard to see the benefits of it.
1a Possible answers
2 birds, some species of bat/deer/whale 4a The person I most like to talk to her is my flatmate. She’s from
Italy, from a town which is famous for its historical buildings.
1b 1 B 3 A 5 C She’s the kind of person who she is very cheerful and full
2 D 4 E of life. If I have a problem that’s hard to talk about it, then I
usually go to her. She makes me a coffee and we find a place
2 1 F 3 I 5 F where we can talk there quietly. She usually makes me laugh
2 I 4 I so much that I forget about my troubles! I really like people
whose their personality is open and kind.
3 Questions 1–5 focus on facts. Questions 6–10 focus on claims.
Vocabulary
4 1 A, C, D, F
1a 2 announce 4 confirm 6 inform
2 A, B, D, E, G
3 reply 5 convince 7 repeat
5 1 (a) microphone/underwater microphone
1b 2 repeat a point
2 (the) volume
3 announce important news
3 (the) content
4 reply to an email
4 sign language
5 inform everyone about what’s going on
5 directions
6 convince someone in an argument
6 N
7 confirm that you can go to an event
7 Y
8 NG
2a 1 instant 3 verbal 5 formal
9 Y
2 informal 4 effective
10 NG
3a 1 chat 5 lecture
6 2 Question 8: Paragraph D (In 2007 … over here.)
2 conversation 6 debate
Question 10: Paragraph G (Herman also … never seen before.)
3 discussions 7 presentations
Language development 4 speech

1a 1 B 2 D 3 C 4 A 4 1 posture 4 Gestures
2 make, contact 5 facial expression
1b 1 I like people who make conversations interesting. 3 tone 6 body language
2 Very young children whose speech is developing need
lots of conversations with adults. 5 1 shrug your shoulders 6 lower your voice
3 I don’t like going to places where it’s really noisy and hard 2 shake your head 7 nod your head
to hold a conversation. 3 raise your voice 8 point your finger
4 It might be technology which is the cause of poor 4 give someone a hug
communication skills these days. 5 look someone in the eye

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Writing So, what happens in the actual experiment? Well, back

1 1 A 3 A 5 D in Room 1, Brain A thinks of a simple word, such as bird.
2 D 4 D In Room 2, Brain B types a series of questions to find out
which animal it is, for example, ‘Does it fly?’ When Brain A
2 1 sees a question, she concentrates on answering ‘yes’ or ‘no’
by staring at a light. While all of this is going on in Room 1,
3 1 shorter 2 good 3 summarises Brain B in Room 2 tries to receive the answer. She then has
to decide what the answer is. She does this by pressing a
4 1 In conclusion, … button to show that she thinks the answer to that question
2 A To conclude, … was ‘yes’.
B In summary, … There were several outcomes of the Telepathy Experiment.
C To sum up, … Firstly, the results showed that the experiment was successful.
The researchers used 20 participants in total and they were
Listening mostly able to communicate the word they were thinking
2 1 the Telepathy Experiment (We know by looking at the about to each other. Furthermore, the people who took part
title.) in the experiment were of different ages. This means that they
2 two (We know by looking at the pictures.) were representative of the wider population, which helps to
3 in two different rooms (We know by looking at the labels make the experiment more reliable.
in the two parts of the diagram.) There were some limitations to the study, of course. The
4 The information in the lecture will follow the order of the experiments took about two and a half hours to complete.
numbers in the diagram. This meant that any words that people got wrong towards
the end of the experiments were probably due to feeling
3 1 questions 1–6: one word; questions 7–10: two words tired. It wasn’t because the technology was faulty.
2 All the words are probably nouns. The word for question
8 could also be an adjective. Another limitation of the study is that information was only
transferred from Brain A to Brain B and not the other way
4 1 sender 6 button around.
2 activity 7 ages So what do the team of researchers plan to do in future?
3 listener 8 tired Well, one research question they are interested in trying to
4 magnet 9 emotions answer is information that is actually hard to talk about or
5 light 10 brain tutoring find the words for, like emotions, for example.
Another area where the team are exploring the use of
Audio script 10.1 telepathy is connected to health and education. They are
N = Narrator L = Lecturer working on a system that they’ve named ‘brain tutoring’.
This system could be used in health to transfer signals from
N: You will hear part of a psychology lecture about some healthy brains to brains that have been damaged in some
research into telepathy, that is communicating ideas from way. Or it could be used in education as a way of teachers
one person to another through thoughts alone. transferring knowledge to pupils. It’s too early to tell if either
L: So in this part of the lecture, I want to focus on some of these ideas will work but …
research into a more unusual way of communicating. We’re
all familiar with talking to each other on the phone or typing Language development
messages in emails or texts. But how about communicating
1 1 PE 3 PO 5 PE
by just thinking? And by that I mean telepathy. Is it really
2 PE 4 PO
possible to communicate thoughts or feelings from one
person to another without using speech or writing? Well,
2 1 correct
researchers at the University of Washington set up an
2 Now you may pick up your pens to start the test.
experiment to test whether one human could guess what
3 correct
another human in a different room was thinking.
4 You may not use your phones in class!
Let’s look at a simplified diagram of the experiment to try 5 Our cultures might be more similar in the future.
to understand what they did. As you can see, the diagram 6 May I help you with that?
is divided into two halves, to show that the two people 7 correct
involved in the experiment were in two separate rooms. In 8 May I ask you a question?
Room 1 you can see that we have Brain A, otherwise known 9 correct
as ‘the sender’. You can see that ‘Brain A’ is wearing a cap 10 correct
on their head with lots of small holes in it. Those are wires
coming out of the cap, rather than hair, by the way. And 3 1 P 2 R 3 A 4 A 5 R
this cap is connected to a machine which basically makes a
visual record of the activity in the brain. This is then printed 4 1 Could I borrow your notes from the lecture?
out so that the researcher can check it. 2 correct
Now if we look over into Room 2, we have another person. 3 Could you tell me something about your country?
You’ll see on the diagram that they are labelled as ‘Brain B’. 4 correct
This person is also referred to as ‘the listener’. The first thing 5 My grandma couldn’t use a mobile phone until recently.
you’ll notice is that she isn’t wearing a cap. But can you see 6 I couldn’t come to the dinner last night, I’m sorry.
that there’s something behind her head? I mean that thing 7 correct
with a round shape. This is actually a powerful magnet. It 8 Could we talk about the best way to communicate?
plays an important part in helping Brain B know the answer 9 correct
to the question that Brain A is trying to communicate to 10 correct
Brain B.
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 Answer key

5a Well, there could be a number of different problems in this 3 People all over the world would undoubtedly enjoy the
situation. For example, if you don’t know the right word for same music, movies and books./ Undoubtedly, people all
what you want to say, you might take a long time hesitating, over the world would enjoy the same music, movies and
trying to remember the word. Or sometimes you might not books.
understand what the other person said or the question they 4 There would obviously no longer be misunderstandings
asked you – that could be embarrassing. Another issue is you between people because of language differences./
may not know what topic to talk about. For instance, in my Obviously, there would no longer be misunderstandings
country we often start a conversation by talking about the between people because of language differences.
weather. But that may not be what all nationalities do. 5 On the other hand, the world would undoubtedly
become a less interesting place without a range of
5b 1 The biggest difficulty could be the language barrier. 2 If language and cultures.
you can only communicate in a very limited way, then the 6 Language clearly helps to make different nationalities
conversation might finish very quickly! 3 Another issue is unique./Clearly, language helps to make different
time. It may take a long time just to talk about one simple nationalities unique.
thing – for instance, the cost of something. 4 In that case you 7 It would certainly be a very different world.
may run out of time and energy to carry on the conversation.
On the whole though, it is very rewarding to meet people Speaking
from other countries and cultures. 5 It is definitely worth the 2a 1 D 3 E 5 C
effort as you might find new friends and experiences. 2 A 4 B

Expert language
Audio script 10.2
Could. In negative sentences, we use may not or might not, but
not couldn’t (e.g. He may not/might not/could not be able to join E = Examiner C = Candidate
us tomorrow.). E: Can you start speaking now, please?
C: Well, the conversation I want to talk about was with one of
Vocabulary my high school teachers – my science teacher. The essential
1 1 way of life 4 manners 7 behaviour point about the conversation is that it changed my mind
2 values 5 beliefs 8 custom about my future. The conversation took place when I was
3 culture 6 tradition 17. One of the points I’d like to highlight here is that at the
time, I was really unsure about what I wanted to study. I
1b 1 life 4 custom 7 beliefs was actually considering business, not because I liked it
2 manners 5 behaviour but because it was popular among my friends! One day, I
3 culture 6 values was talking to my science teacher after class and he asked
me what subjects I was thinking of studying further. I told
2 1 C 3 B 5 D him I was probably going to do business or economics
2 F 4 A 6 E and he was surprised to hear I was going to drop science
– don’t forget that he was the science teacher! He told me
3a 1 polite 5 tolerant I was actually really good at this subject and that I should
2 honest, loyal 6 flexible continue. I want to stress here that there are no scientists
3 patient 7 sensitive in my family and none of my friends were interested in this
4 friendly subject, so I felt really unsure at first. But then my teacher
helped me to see that the important thing about choosing a
3b in-: intolerant, inflexible career is that you need to research your options. He talked
im-: impolite, impatient about the different industries you can go into with a science
dis-: dishonest, disloyal degree. Some of the jobs sounded really exciting and I
un-: unfriendly liked the idea of finding solutions to problems and doing
important research. Suddenly, I knew a career in business or
Writing economics wasn’t right for me – I chose science, of course!
I’m really grateful to my teacher for helping me to see a
1 There are four paragraphs: different path I could follow.
• introduction: a brief explanation of the topic of the essay
• main body paragraph 1: reasons for agreeing 2b 1 Don’t forget that
• main body paragraph 2: reasons for disagreeing 2 One of the points I’d like to highlight, is that
• conclusion: summing up of the topic/the writer’s point of 3 The essential point about, is that
view 4 The important thing about, is that
5 I want to stress, that
2a The student uses all the words/phrases. They are used to
express certainty about the student’s ideas. 3b A how you would prepare for your visit
B why you would like to visit this country
2b 1 There is no doubt that if we had one global language, C what you know about the country and culture
people would find it much easier to work in other D which country would you like to visit
countries./If we had one global language, there is no
doubt that people would find it much easier to work in 3c 1 to 4 so as not to
other countries. 2 in order to 5 so that
2 Young people would definitely have more time to study 3 the best way to, by 6 by
other subjects at school instead of learning a language.

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Audio script 10.4

E = Examiner C = Candidate
E: Can you start speaking now, please?
C: Yes. The place I’m going to talk about is New Zealand. I’ve
never been there but I’d love to go as I’ve heard so many
good things about it.
What I already know about New Zealand is that people go
there to experience the spectacular scenery and outdoor
activities. There are mountains, lakes, beaches – all kinds
of wonderful places to see and activities to try, like bungee
jumping and helicopter rides! People also go to New
Zealand in order to find out about the traditional Maori
culture there. What I already know about Maori culture is
that they came to New Zealand from other islands about
1,000 years ago. Um, I’d like to take a tour to places where
you can meet local Maori people, look at their craft and
taste their traditional food. I’d also like to try other local
food – I’ve heard there are lots of delicious dishes to try.
I think the best way to do that is by going to some good
restaurants in the big cities and trying some local dishes.
To prepare for a trip there, you should definitely do some
background research on New Zealand so as not to go in
the wrong season – I know it’s pretty cold there in winter.
Also, it’s a good idea to find out about local customs and
behaviour so that you’ll know how to behave. You could
easily do that by searching on the internet or going to the
local library.
I’ve heard and read so many interesting things about New
Zealand, so I’d really like to go and see what it looks like,
meet local people and find out more about their culture
and way of life.

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