The UCT Mathematics Competition

Die UK Wiskundekompetisie

INSTRUCTIONS 2022 INSTRUKSIES

1. Do not turn over before you are told Moenie omblaai voor jy aangesê word
to do so. om dit te doen nie.
2. No calculators or other calculating Geen sakrekenaars of ander reken-
aids are allowed. hulpmiddels word toegelaat nie.
3. Every question has five possible an- Elke vraag het vyf moontlike ant-
swers, numbered from 1 to 5. Only woorde, genommer van 1 tot 5. Slegs
one is correct. Write the number of een is korrek. Skryf die nommer van
the correct answer in the block below die korrekte antwoord in die blokkie
the question number (do not write onder die vraagnommer (moenie die
the answer itself). antwoord self skryf nie).

Example Suppose Question 31 reads: Voorbeeld Gestel Vraag 31 is:

31. The smallest integer larger than 1 is / Die kleinste heelgetal groter as 1 is
(1) 0 (2) -1 (3) 1 (4) 2 (5) -2
The correct answer is 2, which is an- Die korrekte antwoord is 2 en dit is
swer number (4). Therefore you must antwoord nommer (4). Dus moet jy 4
write 4 in the block below 31. in die blokkie onder 31 skryf.

Question number
Vraag nommer 27 28 29 30 31
Answer number
Antwoord nommer
Marking / Puntetoekenning
Question Wrong answer No answer Correct answer
Vraag Verkeerde antwoord Geen antwoord Korrekte antwoord
1 – 10 0 1 5
11 – 20 0 1 6
21 – 30 0 1 7
Time: 75 minutes Tyd: 75 minute
 2

QUESTIONS / VRAE GR8

1. What is / Wat is 2022 + 202.2 + 20.22 + 2.022?

(1) 2222.22 (2) 2246.442 (3) 2444.442 (4) 2624.242 (5) 8088

2. Calculate / Bereken:
2×0+2×2
2+0×2+2

1 2
(1) 0 (2) (3) 1 (4) 2 (5)
2 3

3. Which of the following is not a perfect square?

Watter van die volgende is nie ’n volkome vierkant nie.

(1) 100 (2) 169 (3) 196 (4) 441 (5) 1000

4. Points P, Q, R and S are arranged in order on a line segment.

If P Q = 1, QR = 2P Q and RS = 3QR, determine the length of P S.

Punte P, Q, R en S word gereël in orde op ’n lynstuk.

As P Q = 1, QR = 2P Q en RS = 3QR, bepaal die lengte van P S.

(1) 7 (2) 6 (3) 9 (4) 8 (5) 10

5. 20222 is equal to / is gelyk aan

(1) 4808844 (2) 4084884 (3) 4844884 (4) 4880884

(5) 4088484
Grade 8 / Graad 8 3

6. Through what angle does the minute hand of a clock move in 25

minutes?

Deur watter hoek beweeg die minuutwyser van ’n horlosie in 25 minute?

(1) 110◦ (2) 115◦ (3) 120◦ (4) 125◦ (5) 150◦

7. 9876 − 6789 is equal to / is gelyk aan

(1) 3087 (2) 3113 (3) 3708 (4) 3197 (5) 3175

1 1 1 1
8. + × + is equal to / is gelyk aan
2 3 4 5

4 5 1 4 3
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
5 6 6 9 8

9. How many prime numbers are there between 110 and 130?

Hoeveel priemgetalle is daar tussen 110 en 130?

(1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 (4) 4 (5) 5

10. The sum of a number and a quarter of the number is 15. What is the
number?

Die som van ’n getal en ’n kwart van die getal is 15. Wat is die getal?
3 1 1
(1) 14 (2) 8 (3) 12 (4) 15 (5) 12
4 4 4
Grade 8 / Graad 8 4

11. The corresponding terms of the sequences

7, 14, 21, · · · and 13, 26, 39, · · ·
are added. What is the millionth term formed?

Die ooreenstemmende terme van die rye

7, 14, 21, · · · en 13, 26, 39, · · ·
word bymekaar getel. Wat is die miljoenste term wat gevorm word?
(1) 100 000 000 (2) 20 000 000 (3) 28 000 000
(4) 390 000 000 (5) 700 000 000

12. A rectangle is formed by putting 7 identical squares next to one

another. What is the ratio of the perimeter of the rectangle to the
perimeter of each square?

’n Reghoek word gevorm deur 7 identiese vierkante langs mekaar to

plaas. Wat is die verhouding van die omtrek van die reghoek tot die
omtrek van elke vierkant?

(1) 4 : 1 (2) 9 : 2 (3) 27 : 7 (4) 35 : 4 (5) 39 : 5

13. Two taps are turned on together. One tap drips once every three
seconds and the other tap drips once every five seconds. How many
times in the next twenty four hours will they drip at the same time?

Twee krane word saam gedraai. Een kraan drup een keer elke drie
sekondes en die ander kraan drup een keer elke vyf sekondes. Hoeveel
keer in die volgende vier en twintig uur sal hulle op dieselfde tyd drup?

(1) 1440 (2) 2880 (3) 4320 (4) 5760 (5) 7200
Grade 8 / Graad 8 5

14. A rectangle W XY Z is drawn inside triangle ABC, with W on BA,

X on AC and Y and Z on CB. If ∠BW Z = 22◦ and ∠CXY = 65◦ ,
determine ∠BAC.

’n Reghoek W XY Z word in die driehoek ABC getrek, met W op BA,

X op AC en Y en Z op CB. As ∠BW Z = 22◦ en ∠CXY = 65◦ ,
bepaal ∠BAC.

(1) 82◦ (2) 87◦ (3) 90◦ (4) 93◦ (5) 104◦

15. A prime number P is called a superprime if 2P − 1 is a different

prime number. How many superprimes are less than 20?

’n Priemgetal P word ’n superpriem genoem as 2P − 1 ’n ander

priemgetal is. Hoeveel superpriemgetalle is kleiner as 20?

(1) 4 (2) 5 (3) 6 (4) 7 (5) 8

16. The value of k∇m is defined to be k(k − m).

For example, 7∇2 = 7(7 − 2) = 35.
What is the value of 5∇1 + 4∇1?

Die waarde van k∇m word gedefinieer deur k(k − m).

Byvoorbeeld, 7∇2 = 7(7 − 2) = 35.
Wat is die waarde van 5∇1 + 4∇1?

(1) 9 (2) 84 (3) 20 (4) 32 (5) 72

17. A six-sided die is rolled twice. What is the probability that the result
of the first roll is greater than or equal to the result of the second roll?

’n Seskantige dobbelsteentjie word twee keer gegooi. Wat is die

waarskynlikheid dat die uitslag van die eerste gooi groter as of gelyk
aan die uitslag van die tweede gooi is?
1 5 1 7 2
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
6 12 2 12 3
Grade 8 / Graad 8 6

18. In triangle ABC, ∠A is three times ∠B and half ∠C.

What is the size of ∠A?

In driehoek ABC is ∠A drie keer ∠B en die helfte van ∠C.

Wat is die grootte van ∠A?

(1) 30◦ (2) 36◦ (3) 54◦ (4) 60◦ (5) 72◦

19. For how many three-digit numbers is the sum of the digits equal to 25?

Vir hoeveel drie-syfergetalle is die som van die syfers gelyk aan 25?

(1) 2 (2) 4 (3) 6 (4) 8 (5) 10

1 a
20. If a + = 3, what is the value of 2 ?
a a +1
1 a
As a + = 3, wat is die waarde van 2 ?
a a +1
√ √ 1
(1) 1 (2) 3 (3) 2 (4) 5 (5)
3

21. The area of a circle is reduced by 36%. By what amount is the

circumference reduced?

Die oppervlakte van ’n sirkel word met 36% verminder. Met watter
hoeveelheid word die omtrek verminder?

(1) 6% (2) 8% (3) 20% (4) 36% (5) 64%

Grade 8 / Graad 8 7

22. Find four two-digit numbers AB, CD, AC, BD are such that
AB is a square
CD is a cube
AC is divisible by 3
BD is a square.
Determine A + B + C + D.

Vier tweesyfergetalle AB, CD, AC, BD is sodat

AB ’n kwadraat is
CD ’n derdemag is
AC deur 3 deelbaar is
BD ’n vierkant is.
Bepaal A + B + C + D.

(1) 16 (2) 17 (3) 18 (4) 19 (5) 22

23. If P is a number with 2022 digits each equal to 1, and D = 2022 × P ,

what is the sum of the digits of D?

As P ’n getal is met 2022 syfers elk gelyk aan 1, en D = 2022 × P ,

wat is die som van die syfers van D?

(1) 2022 (2) 20222 (3) 12 132 (4) 6066 (5) P

24. Two different isosceles triangles each have at least one angle of 70◦ . In
one of the triangles the sum of the equal angles is S, and in the other
triangle the sum of the equal angles is T . What is the value of S + T ?

Twee verskillende gelykbenige driehoeke het elk minstens een hoek van
70◦ . In een van die driehoeke is die som van die gelyke hoeke S, en
in die ander driehoek is die som van die gelyke hoeke T . Wat is die
waarde van S + T ?

(1) 280◦ (2) 250◦ (3) 220◦ (4) 200◦ (5) 180◦
Grade 8 / Graad 8 8

25. It is possible to create 24 distinct four digit numbers, where each

number uses each of the digits 1, 2, 3 and 4 exactly once. How many
of these are divisible by 4?

Dit is moontlik om 24 verskillende viersyfergetalle te vorm, waar elke

getal elk van die getalle 1, 2, 3 en 4 presies een keer gebruik. Hoeveel
van hierdie getalle is deelbaar deur 4?

(1) 12 (2) 8 (3) 6 (4) 4 (5) 3

26. Which of the following numbers can be expressed as the product of

four different integers, each of them greater than 1?

Watter van die volgende getalle kan uitgedruk word as die produk van
vier verskillende heelgetalle, elkeen van hulle groter as 1?

(1) 625 (2) 124 (3) 108 (4) 2187 (5) 2025

27. A teacher hands out a test to four pupils, and then requires them to
mark the tests themselves. He hands out the tests so that no pupil
marks his/her own test.
In how many ways can the teacher hand out the test papers?

’n Onderwyser deel toetse onder vier leerlinge uit, en vra hulle dan om
self die toetse te merk. Hy deel dit só uit dat geen leerling sy/haar eie
toets merk nie.
Op hoeveel maniere kan die onderwyser die toetsantwoordstelle uit-
deel?

(1) 8 (2) 9 (3) 10 (4) 12 (5) 13

Grade 8 / Graad 8 9

28. Twenty-seven unit cubes are each coloured completely black or

completely red. The unit cubes are assembled into a larger cube. If
half of the surface area of the larger cube is red, what is the smallest
number of unit cubes that could have been coloured red?

Sewe-en-twintig eenheidsblokkies is elk heeltemal swart of heeltemal

rooi gekleur. Die eenheidsblokkies word in ’n groter kubus saamgestel.
As die helfte van die oppervlakte van die groter kubus rooi is, wat is
dan die kleinste aantal eenheidsblokkies wat rooi kon gewees het?

(1) 9 (2) 10 (3) 11 (4) 12 (5) 13

29. The list 11, 20, 31, 51, 82 is an example of a list of five positive
integers in which the sum of the first and second integers is the third,
the sum of the second and third is the fourth, and the sum of the
third and fourth is the fifth. If the fifth term of such a sequence is 27
and the ninth term is 186, what is the tenth term?

Die lys 11, 20, 31, 51, 82 is ’n voorbeeld van ’n lys van vyf positiewe
heelgetalle waarin die som van die eerste en tweede heelgetalle die derde
is, die som van die tweede en derde die vierde is, en die som van die
derde en die vierde die vyfde is. As die vyfde term van so ’n ry 27 is
en die negende term 186, wat is die tiende term?

(1) 331 (2) 301 (3) 285 (4) 264 (5) 241
Grade 8 / Graad 8 10

30. Dali runs three times as fast as he walks. In the morning he goes to
school. He walks half the distance and runs half the distance, taking
24 minutes altogether.
After school he goes home. He walks half the time and runs half the
time. How many minutes does it take Dali to get home?

Dali hardloop drie keer so vinnig as wat hy loop. Soggens gaan hy

skool toe. Hy loop die helfte van die afstand en hardloop die helfte
van die afstand, en neem in totaal 24 minute.
Na skool gaan hy huis toe. Hy loop die helfte van die tyd en hardloop
die helfte van die tyd. Hoeveel minute neem dit vir Dali om by die
huis te kom?

(1) 16 (2) 18 (3) 20 (4) 24 (5) 30

 11

QUESTIONS / VRAE GR9

1. What is / Wat is 2022 + 202.2 + 20.22 + 2.022?

(1) 2222.22 (2) 2246.442 (3) 2444.442 (4) 2624.242 (5) 8088

2. Which of the following is not a perfect square?

Watter van die volgende is nie ’n volkome vierkant nie.

(1) 100 (2) 169 (3) 196 (4) 441 (5) 1000

3. Points P, Q, R and S are arranged in order on a line segment.

If P Q = 1, QR = 2P Q and RS = 3QR, determine the length of P S.

Punte P, Q, R en S word gereël in orde op ’n lynstuk.

As P Q = 1, QR = 2P Q en RS = 3QR, bepaal die lengte van P S.

(1) 7 (2) 6 (3) 9 (4) 8 (5) 10

4. 20222 is equal to / is gelyk aan

(1) 4808844 (2) 4084884 (3) 4844884 (4) 4880884

(5) 4088484

5. Through what angle does the minute hand of a clock move in 25

minutes?

Deur watter hoek beweeg die minuutwyser van ’n horlosie in 25 minute?

(1) 110◦ (2) 115◦ (3) 120◦ (4) 125◦ (5) 150◦
Grade 9 / Graad 9 12

6. What is the remainder when 2022 is divided by 11?

Wat is die res wanneer 2022 deur 11 gedeel word?

(1) 1 (2) 3 (3) 5 (4) 7 (5) 9

1 1 1 1
7. + × + is equal to / is gelyk aan
2 3 4 5

4 5 1 4 3
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
5 6 6 9 8

8. If three-eighths of a number is 12, what is a quarter of the number?

As drie-agstes van ’n getal is 12, wat is ’n kwart van die getal?

(1) 6 (2) 8 (3) 9 (4) 10 (5) 12

9. Solve for x: / Los op vir x:

x+4 x−5
=
6 5

(1) 50 (2) 48 (3) 36 (4) 24 (5) 18

10. If a−b−c = 2, b−c−a = −3 and c−a−b = 5, then a+b+c is equal to

As a − b − c = 2, b − c − a = −3 en c − a − b = 5, dan is a + b + c gelyk
aan

(1) −1 (2) −2 (3) −3 (4) −4 (5) −5

20222022 − 20222020
11. is equal to / is gelyk aan
20222021 + 20222020

1 1
(1) (2) 2021 (3) (4) 2022 (5) 2020
2022 2021
Grade 9 / Graad 9 13

12. What is the sum of the prime factors of 1001?

Wat is die som van die priemfaktore van 1001?

(1) 31 (2) 30 (3) 29 (4) 28 (5) 27

2 3
13. If 3a + 2b = 4 and + = 5, determine ab.
a b
2 3
As 3a + 2b = 4 en + = 5, bepaal ab.
a b
3 4 3 4 5
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
5 5 4 3 3

14. At a birthday party, if each child took one apple from the fruit bucket
then 7 apples would still remain in the bucket. However, if each child
took two apples, the supply would be 16 apples short. How many
children were at the party?

Tydens ’n verjaardagpartytjie, as elke kind een appel uit die vrugte-

emmer sou haal, sou daar 7 appels in die emmer oorbly. As elke kind
egter twee appels neem, sou die voorraad 16 appels te min hê. Hoeveel
kinders was daar by die partytjie?

(1) 19 (2) 20 (3) 21 (4) 22 (5) 23

15. A six-sided die is rolled twice. What is the probability that the result
of the first roll is greater than or equal to the result of the second roll?

’n Seskantige dobbelsteentjie word twee keer gegooi. Wat is die

waarskynlikheid dat die uitslag van die eerste gooi groter as of gelyk
aan die uitslag van die tweede gooi is?
1 5 1 7 2
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
6 12 2 12 3

16. For how many three-digit numbers is the sum of the digits equal to 25?

Vir hoeveel drie-syfergetalle is die som van die syfers gelyk aan 25?

(1) 2 (2) 4 (3) 6 (4) 8 (5) 10

Grade 9 / Graad 9 14

17. The average of 10 different positive integers is 10. What is the largest
possible value for the biggest of the ten numbers?

Die gemiddelde van 10 verskillende positiewe heelgetalle is 10. Wat is

die grootste moontlike waarde vir die grootste van die tien getalle?

(1) 10 (2) 45 (3) 50 (4) 55 (5) 91

18. Line segments P T and QS intersect at R, with P Q = P R and

RS = RT .
If ∠RST = x◦ , determine ∠QP R.

Lynsegmente P T en QS sny mekaar by R, met P Q = P R en RS =

RT .
As ∠RST = x◦ , bepaal ∠QP R.

(1) 4x◦ − 180◦ (2) x◦ + 90◦ (3) 4x◦ − 90◦ (4) 2x◦ + 90◦
(5) 360◦ − 2x◦

19. The area of a circle is reduced by 36%. By what amount is the

circumference reduced?

Die oppervlakte van ’n sirkel word met 36% verminder. Met watter
hoeveelheid word die omtrek verminder?

(1) 6% (2) 8% (3) 20% (4) 36% (5) 64%

Grade 9 / Graad 9 15

20. Find four two-digit numbers AB, CD, AC, BD are such that
AB is a square
CD is a cube
AC is divisible by 3
BD is a square.
Determine A + B + C + D.

Vier tweesyfergetalle AB, CD, AC, BD is sodat

AB ’n kwadraat is
CD ’n derdemag is
AC deur 3 deelbaar is
BD ’n vierkant is.
Bepaal A + B + C + D.

(1) 16 (2) 17 (3) 18 (4) 19 (5) 22

21. Two different isosceles triangles each have at least one angle of 70◦ . In
one of the triangles the sum of the equal angles is S, and in the other
triangle the sum of the equal angles is T . What is the value of S + T ?

Twee verskillende gelykbenige driehoeke het elk minstens een hoek van
70◦ . In een van die driehoeke is die som van die gelyke hoeke S, en
in die ander driehoek is die som van die gelyke hoeke T . Wat is die
waarde van S + T ?

(1) 280◦ (2) 250◦ (3) 220◦ (4) 200◦ (5) 180◦
Grade 9 / Graad 9 16

22. “Irrational” dice have the numbers

√ √ √ √ √ √
2, 3, 5, 8, 10, 12
on their six faces. If two such dice are thrown and the product of
the two numbers is calculated, what is the chance that the result is a
whole number?

“Irrasionele”dobbelsteentjies het die getalle

√ √ √ √ √ √
2, 3, 5, 8, 10, 12
op hul ses kante. As twee sulke dobbelsteentjies gegooi word en die
produk van die twee getalle bereken word, wat is die waarskynlikheid
dat die uitslag ’n telgetal is?
1 2 5 1 7
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
6 9 18 3 18

23. (−11)0 + (−4)0 + 30 + · · · + 5070 is equal to / is gelyk aan

(1) 80 (2) 507 (3) 75 (4) 90 (5) 510

24. Two sides of an isosceles triangle are 22 cm and 61 cm. What is the
area of the triangle, in cm2 ?

Twee sye van ’n gelykbenige driehoek is 22 cm en 61 cm. Wat is die

oppervlakte van die driehoek, in cm2 ?

(1) 671 (2) 660 (3) 576 (4) 630

(5) Not enough information / Nie genoeg inligting nie

25. The diagonal through the centre of a cube has a length of x cm. What
is the total surface area of the cube, in cm2 ?

Die hoeklyn deur die middel van ’n kubus het ’n lengte van x cm. Wat
is die totale oppervlakte van die kubus, in cm2 ?
√ √ √
(1) 2x2 (2) 2 2x2 (3) 2 3x2 (4) 3 3x2 (5) 6x2
Grade 9 / Graad 9 17

26. The sum of all the numbers that can be formed by all possible
permutations of the three different positive digits a, b and c, with
0 < a < b < c, is 1554.
What is the value of c?

Die som van al die syfers wat gevorm kan word deur alle moontlike
permutasies van die drie verskillende positiewe syfers a, b en c, waar
0 < a < b < c, is 1554.
Wat is die waarde van c?

(1) 3 (2) 4 (3) 5 (4) 6 (5) 7

27. Twenty-seven unit cubes are each coloured completely black or

completely red. The unit cubes are assembled into a larger cube. If
half of the surface area of the larger cube is red, what is the smallest
number of unit cubes that could have been coloured red?

Sewe-en-twintig eenheidsblokkies is elk heeltemal swart of heeltemal

rooi gekleur. Die eenheidsblokkies word in ’n groter kubus saamgestel.
As die helfte van die oppervlakte van die groter kubus rooi is, wat is
dan die kleinste aantal eenheidsblokkies wat rooi kon gewees het?

(1) 9 (2) 10 (3) 11 (4) 12 (5) 13

28. The average mass of a group of people at a party is equal to the

number of people in the group. Another person with the mass of 103
kg arrives, but the average mass of the group remains equal to the
number of people now at the party. How many people were originally
at the party?

Die gemiddelde massa van ’n groep mense by ’n partytjie is gelyk aan

die aantal mense in die groep. ’n Ander persoon met ’n massa van
103 kg daag op, maar die gemiddelde massa van die groep bly gelyk
aan die aantal mense wat nou by die partytjie is. Hoeveel mense was
oorspronklik by die partytjie?

(1) 43 (2) 49 (3) 51 (4) 103

(5) Not enough information / Nie genoeg inligting nie
Grade 9 / Graad 9 18

29. For how many integers n is the equation (n2 − 3n + 1)n+1 = 1 true?

Vir hoeveel heelgetalle n is die vergelyking (n2 − 3n + 1)n+1 = 1 waar?

(1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 (4) 4 (5) 5

30. A bag contains red and white marbles. Another 30 red marbles
are added to the bag, so that now one-third of the marbles in the
bag are red. Then 30 white marbles are added to the bag, and
three-tenths of the total number of marbles in the bag are now red.
What fraction of the number of the marbles in the beginning were red?

’n Sakkie bevat rooi en wit albasters. Nog 30 rooi albasters word by

die sak gevoeg, sodat een derde van die albasters in die sak nou rooi
is. Dan word 30 wit albasters by die sak gevoeg, en drie-tiendes van
die totale aantal albasters in die sak is nou rooi. Watter breukdeel van
die aantal albasters in die sak was in die begin rooi?
1 2 3 4 5
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
4 9 14 15 16
 19

QUESTIONS / VRAE GR10

1. What is the remainder when 2022 is divided by 11?

Wat is die res wanneer 2022 deur 11 gedeel word?

(1) 1 (2) 3 (3) 5 (4) 7 (5) 9

2. The point P lies above the straight line ABCD.

If ∠P BA = 149◦ and ∠P CD = 109◦ , determine ∠BP C.

Die punt P lê bokant die reguit lyn ABCD.

As ∠P BA = 149◦ en ∠P CD = 109◦ , bepaal ∠BP C.

(1) 78◦ (2) 102◦ (3) 88◦ (4) 92◦ (5) 68◦

3. The midpoint of the line segment AB has coordinates (2; 6). If A has
coordinates (10;12), what are the coordinates of B?

Die middelpunt van die lynstuk AB het koördinate (2; 6). As A

koördinate (10;12) het, wat is die koördinate van B?

(1) (6;10) (2) (–6;0) (3) (–8;–4) (4) (18;16) (5) (22;18)

4. A pyramid with 10 sloping faces has

’n Piramide met 10 skuins vlakke het

(1) 20 vertices / 20 hoekpunte

(2) 20 edges / 20 kantlyne
(3) 10 edges / 10 kantlyne
(4) 10 vertices / 10 hoekpunte
(5) 30 edges / 30 kantlyne
Grade 10 / Graad 10 20

5. The mean of 48, x, 27, 36, 2x and 24 is 37. What is the value of x?

Die gemiddelde van 48, x, 27, 36, 2x en 24 is 37. Wat is die waarde
van x?

1 2 3
(1) 13 (2) 16 (3) 29 (4) 33 (5) 40
3 3 4

6. At 12 o’clock the hands of a clock overlap. Which of the following is

closest to the number of minutes that pass before they again cross?

Om 12 uur oorvleuel die wysers van ’n klok. Watter van die volgende
is die naaste aan die getal minute wat verbygaan voordat hulle weer
kruis?

(1) 60 (2) 720 (3) 58 (4) 75 (5) 65

7. The corresponding terms of the sequences

7, 14, 21, · · · and 13, 26, 39, · · ·
are added. What is the millionth term formed?

Die ooreenstemmende terme van die rye

7, 14, 21, · · · en 13, 26, 39, · · ·
word bymekaar getel. Wat is die miljoenste term wat gevorm word?
(1) 100 000 000 (2) 20 000 000 (3) 28 000 000
(4) 390 000 000 (5) 700 000 000

8. In a right-angled triangle, the sum of the squares of the three side

lengths is 1800. What is the length of the hypotenuse?

In ’n reghoekige driehoek is die som van die vierkante van die drie
sylengtes 1800. Wat is die lengte van die skuinssy?
√ √
(1) 1800 (2) 21 1800 (3) 90 (4) 30 (5) 45
Grade 10 / Graad 10 21

9. A rectangle W XY Z is drawn inside triangle ABC, with W on BA,

X on AC and Y and Z on CB. If ∠BW Z = 22◦ and ∠CXY = 65◦ ,
determine ∠BAC.

’n Reghoek W XY Z word in die driehoek ABC getrek, met W op BA,

X op AC en Y en Z op CB. As ∠BW Z = 22◦ en ∠CXY = 65◦ ,
bepaal ∠BAC.

(1) 82◦ (2) 87◦ (3) 90◦ (4) 93◦ (5) 104◦

1 1 1
10. If + = , what is the value of a − c?
a b c
1 1 1
As + = , wat is die waarde van a − c?
a b c
ab bc b c ac
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
c a ac ab b

20222022 − 20222020
11. is equal to / is gelyk aan
20222021 + 20222020

1 1
(1) (2) 2021 (3) (4) 2022 (5) 2020
2022 2021

12. What is the final digit of 2022 − 2220 ?

Wat is die laaste syfer van 2022 − 2220 ?

(1) 0 (2) 2 (3) 4 (4) 6 (5) 8

13. The lines with equations y = 3x + 7, y = x + 9 and y = mx + 17

intersect at a single point. Determine the value of m.

Die lyne met vergelykings y = 3x + 7, y = x + 9 en y = mx + 17 sny

mekaar by ’n enkele punt. Bepaal die waarde van m.

(1) −3 (2) 4 (3) −5 (4) 6 (5) −7

Grade 10 / Graad 10 22

14. A six-sided die is rolled twice. What is the probability that the result
of the first roll is greater than or equal to the result of the second roll?

’n Seskantige dobbelsteentjie word twee keer gegooi. Wat is die

waarskynlikheid dat die uitslag van die eerste gooi groter as of gelyk
aan die uitslag van die tweede gooi is?
1 5 1 7 2
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
6 12 2 12 3

15. A box contains pens of three different colours. 48 are either red or
white, 37 are either white or blue and 39 are either red or blue. How
many pens are there in the box?

’n Houer bevat penne van drie verskillende kleure. 48 is òf rooi òf wit,
37 is òf wit òf blou en 39 is òf rooi òf blou. Hoeveel penne is daar in
die houer?

(1) 76 (2) 96 (3) 84 (4) 62 (5) 74

16. (−11)0 + (−4)0 + 30 + · · · + 5070 is equal to / is gelyk aan

(1) 80 (2) 507 (3) 75 (4) 90 (5) 510

17. In the rhombus ABCD, points E and F lie on CD and DA, respec-
tively, such that AB = BF = F E = EB = BC. Determine ∠DAB.

In die ruit ABCD lê punte E en F op onderskeidelik CD en DA, sodat

AB = BF = F E = EB = BC. Bepaal ∠DAB.

(1) 72◦ (2) 76◦ (3) 80◦ (4) 82◦ (5) 84◦
Grade 10 / Graad 10 23

18. A teacher hands out a test to four pupils, and then requires them to
mark the tests themselves. He hands out the tests so that no pupil
marks his/her own test.
In how many ways can the teacher hand out the test papers?

’n Onderwyser deel toetse onder vier leerlinge uit, en vra hulle dan om
self die toetse te merk. Hy deel dit só uit dat geen leerling sy/haar eie
toets merk nie.
Op hoeveel maniere kan die onderwyser die toetsantwoordstelle uit-
deel?

(1) 8 (2) 9 (3) 10 (4) 12 (5) 13

19. The diagonal through the centre of a cube has a length of x cm. What
is the total surface area of the cube, in cm2 ?

Die hoeklyn deur die middel van ’n kubus het ’n lengte van x cm. Wat
is die totale oppervlakte van die kubus, in cm2 ?
√ √ √
(1) 2x2 (2) 2 2x2 (3) 2 3x2 (4) 3 3x2 (5) 6x2

20. If p is the larger of the two roots of 3x2 − 5x = 7, what is the value of
6 + 5p − 3p2 ?

As p die groter een van die twee wortels van 3x2 − 5x = 7 is, wat is die
waarde van 6 + 5p − 3p2 ?

(1) −1 (2) −2 (3) −3 (4) −4 (5) −5

Grade 10 / Graad 10 24

21. The area of a rectangle ABCD remains the same when AB is made
15 cm longer and BC is made 4 cm shorter, and also when AB is
made 15 cm shorter and BC is made 8 cm longer. What is the area,
in cm2 , of rectangle ABCD?

Die oppervlakte van ’n reghoek ABCD bly onveranderd indien AB 15

cm wyer en BC 4 cm korter gemaak word, en ook indien AB 15 cm
korter en BC 8 cm wyer gemaak word. Wat is die oppervlakte, in cm2 ,
van reghoek ABCD?

(1) 120 (2) 180 (3) 240 (4) 360 (5) 720

22. For how many integers n is the equation (n2 − 3n + 1)n+1 = 1 true?

Vir hoeveel heelgetalle n is die vergelyking (n2 − 3n + 1)n+1 = 1 waar?

(1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 (4) 4 (5) 5

23. The square ABCD has sides of length 9 cm. How many points (inside
or outside the square) are equidistant from B and C, and exactly 6
cm from A?

Die vierkant ABCD het sye van lengte 9 cm. Hoeveel punte (binne of
buite die vierkant) is ewe ver van B en C, en presies 6 cm vanaf A?

(1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 (4) 4 (5) more than / meer as 4

24. The expression 3n2 + 3n + 23 is a composite number for just one of

the following values of n. Which one?

Die uitdrukking 3n2 + 3n + 23 is ’n saamgestelde getal vir slegs een van

die volgende waardes van n. Watter een?

(1) 2 (2) 4 (3) 6 (4) 17 (5) 22

Grade 10 / Graad 10 25

25. If x, y and z are real numbers and x + y = 2 and xy − z 2 = 1, what is

the value of x2 + y 2 + z 2 ?

As x, y en z reële getalle is en x + y = 2 en xy − z 2 = 1, wat is die

waarde van x2 + y 2 + z 2 ?

(1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 (4) 4

(5) Not enough information / Nie genoeg inligting nie

26. Sizwe must cycle from A to B and he plans to ride at his normal
speed.
If he cycles 5 km/h faster than normal he will arrive 5 hours earlier.
If he cycles 10 km/h faster than normal he will arrive 8 hours earlier.
What is his normal speed, in km/h?

Sizwe moet van A na B ry en hy beplan om teen sy normale snelheid

te ry.
As hy 5 km/u vinniger as normaal ry, sal hy 5 uur vroeër arriveer.
As hy 10 km/u vinniger as normaal ry, sal hy 8 uur vroeër arriveer.
Wat is sy normale snelheid, in km/u ?

(1) 10 (2) 15 (3) 20 (4) 25 (5) 30

27. In the tetrahedron SABC all the angles at the vertex S are equal to
90◦ . The areas of the lateral faces SAB, SAC and SBC are 3, 4 and
6, respectively. Find the volume of the tetrahedron.

In die tetrahedron SABC is al die hoeke by die hoekpunt S gelyk

aan 90◦ . Die oppervlaktes van die syvlakke SAB, SAC en SBC is
onderskeidelik 3, 4 en 6. Bepaal die volume van die tetrahedron.
√ √ √ √ √
(1) 4 (2) 2+ 3 (3) 2 3 (4) 3 2 (5) 5
Grade 10 / Graad 10 26

28. In the equilateral triangle P QR, T is the midpoint of QR and W is a

point on P R with ∠T W R = 90◦ . Determine the ratio of the area of
quadrilateral P QT W to the area of triangle T W R.

In die gelyksydige driehoek P QR is T die middelpunt van QR en W

is ’n punt op P R met ∠T W R = 90◦ . Bepaal die verhouding van die
oppervlakte van vierhoek P QT W tot die oppervlakte van driehoek
T W R.

(1) 5 : 1 (2) 15 : 2 (3) 8 : 1 (4) 33 : 4 (5) 7: 1

29. An equilateral triangle AP Q is inscribed in a square ABCD, with P

on BC and Q on CD. If AB = 1, determine the area of the equilateral
triangle.

’n Gelyksydige driehoek AP Q is in ’n vierkant ABCD ingeskryf, met

P op BC en Q op CD. As AB = 1, bepaal die oppervlakte van die
gelyksydige driehoek.
√ √ √ √
(1) 4√ 3 − 6 (2) 3√2 − 4 (3) 2( 3 − 2)
(4) 3−1 (5) 2 3 − 3

30. Ann and Bob play a game in which Ann starts by rolling a fair die
and then Bob tosses a fair coin. They repeat in this way, taking turns,
until one of them wins.
Ann wins if a “six” occurs and Bob wins if a “head” occurs.
What is the probability that Ann wins the game?

Ann en Bob speel ’n speletjie waarin Ann begin deur ’n billike dobbel-
steen te rol en dan gooi Bob ’n regverdige muntstuk. Hulle herhaal op
hierdie manier, en neem beurte totdat een van hulle wen.
Ann wen as ’n “ses” voorkom en Bob wen as ’n “kop” voorkom.
Wat is die waarskynlikheid dat Ann die spel wen?
1 1 3 1 2
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
3 5 8 6 7
 27

QUESTIONS / VRAE GR11

1. 20222 is equal to / is gelyk aan

(1) 4808844 (2) 4084884 (3) 4844884 (4) 4880884

(5) 4088484

1 1 1 1
2. + × + is equal to / is gelyk aan
2 3 4 5

4 5 1 4 3
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
5 6 6 9 8

3. The midpoint of the line segment AB has coordinates (2; 6). If A has
coordinates (10;12), what are the coordinates of B?

Die middelpunt van die lynstuk AB het koördinate (2; 6). As A

koördinate (10;12) het, wat is die koördinate van B?

(1) (6;10) (2) (–6;0) (3) (–8;–4) (4) (18;16) (5) (22;18)

4. If 2x2 = 9x − 4 and x ̸= 4, what is the value of 2x?

As 2x2 = 9x − 4 en x ̸= 4, wat is die waarde van 2x?

(1) 4 (2) 1 (3) −1 (4) 0 (5) 2

5. The mean of 48, x, 27, 36, 2x and 24 is 37. What is the value of x?

Die gemiddelde van 48, x, 27, 36, 2x en 24 is 37. Wat is die waarde
van x?

1 2 3
(1) 13 (2) 16 (3) 29 (4) 33 (5) 40
3 3 4
Grade 11 / Graad 11 28

6. The corresponding terms of the sequences

7, 14, 21, · · · and 13, 26, 39, · · ·
are added. What is the millionth term formed?

Die ooreenstemmende terme van die rye

7, 14, 21, · · · en 13, 26, 39, · · ·
word bymekaar getel. Wat is die miljoenste term wat gevorm word?
(1) 100 000 000 (2) 20 000 000 (3) 28 000 000
(4) 390 000 000 (5) 700 000 000

7. In a right-angled triangle, the sum of the squares of the three side

lengths is 1800. What is the length of the hypotenuse?

In ’n reghoekige driehoek is die som van die vierkante van die drie
sylengtes 1800. Wat is die lengte van die skuinssy?
√ √
(1) 1800 (2) 21 1800 (3) 90 (4) 30 (5) 45

8. A prime number P is called a superprime if 2P − 1 is a different

prime number. How many superprimes are less than 20?

’n Priemgetal P word ’n superpriem genoem as 2P − 1 ’n ander

priemgetal is. Hoeveel superpriemgetalle is kleiner as 20?

(1) 4 (2) 5 (3) 6 (4) 7 (5) 8

9. The value of k∇m is defined to be k(k − m).

For example, 7∇2 = 7(7 − 2) = 35.
What is the value of 5∇1 + 4∇1?

Die waarde van k∇m word gedefinieer deur k(k − m).

Byvoorbeeld, 7∇2 = 7(7 − 2) = 35.
Wat is die waarde van 5∇1 + 4∇1?

(1) 9 (2) 84 (3) 20 (4) 32 (5) 72

Grade 11 / Graad 11 29

10. If a−b−c = 2, b−c−a = −3 and c−a−b = 5, then a+b+c is equal to

As a − b − c = 2, b − c − a = −3 en c − a − b = 5, dan is a + b + c gelyk
aan

(1) −1 (2) −2 (3) −3 (4) −4 (5) −5

11. In triangle ABC, ∠A is three times ∠B and half ∠C.

What is the size of ∠A?

In driehoek ABC is ∠A drie keer ∠B en die helfte van ∠C.

Wat is die grootte van ∠A?

(1) 30◦ (2) 36◦ (3) 54◦ (4) 60◦ (5) 72◦

12. What is the sum of the prime factors of 1001?

Wat is die som van die priemfaktore van 1001?

(1) 31 (2) 30 (3) 29 (4) 28 (5) 27

13. How many prime numbers less than 100 end with a 9?

Hoeveel priemgetalle kleiner as 100 eindig op 9?

(1) 4 (2) 5 (3) 6 (4) 7 (5) 8

14. Line segments P T and QS intersect at R, with P Q = P R and

RS = RT .
If ∠RST = x◦ , determine ∠QP R.

Lynsegmente P T en QS sny mekaar by R, met P Q = P R en RS =

RT .
As ∠RST = x◦ , bepaal ∠QP R.

(1) 4x◦ − 180◦ (2) x◦ + 90◦ (3) 4x◦ − 90◦ (4) 2x◦ + 90◦
(5) 360◦ − 2x◦
Grade 11 / Graad 11 30

15. Two sides of an isosceles triangle are 22 cm and 61 cm. What is the
area of the triangle, in cm2 ?

Twee sye van ’n gelykbenige driehoek is 22 cm en 61 cm. Wat is die

oppervlakte van die driehoek, in cm2 ?

(1) 671 (2) 660 (3) 576 (4) 630

(5) Not enough information / Nie genoeg inligting nie

16. The roots of the equation x2 − 5x + 1 = 0 are a and b.

1 1
Which of the following equations has roots − and − ?
a b
Die wortels van die vergelyking x2 − 5x + 1 = 0 is a en b.
1 1
Watter een van die volgende vergelykings het wortels − en − ?
a b
(1) x2 + 5x + 1 = 0 (2) x2 + x + 5 = 0 (3) 5x2 + 5x + 1 = 0
(4) 5x2 + x + 1 = 0 (5) x2 + 5x + 5 = 0

17. For which value of k are the graphs of y = k − x2 and y = x2 − 5x + 6

tangent to each other?

Vir watter waarde van k is die grafieke van y = k−x2 en y = x2 −5x+6

raaklynig aan mekaar?
47 35 53 23 14
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
13 19 17 8 5

18. In triangle ABC, D lies on BC and E lies on AC such that AB = AC

and AD = AE. If ∠BAD = 40◦ , what is ∠EDC?

In driehoek ABC lê D op BC en E op AC sodat AB = AC en AD =

AE. As ∠BAD = 40◦ , wat is ∠EDC?

(1) 10◦ (2) 12◦ (3) 15◦ (4) 18◦ (5) 20◦
Grade 11 / Graad 11 31

19. For each positive real number x, f (x) is the number of primes p that
satisfy x ≤ p ≤ x + 20. What is the value of f (f (20))?

Vir elke positiewe reële getal x is f (x) die aantal priemgetalle p wat
x ≤ p ≤ x + 20 bevredig. Wat is die waarde van f (f (20))?

(1) 4 (2) 5 (3) 6 (4) 7 (5) 8

20. Pipe A fills a bath in a minutes and pipe B fills the same bath in b
minutes. The number of minutes required for the two pipes, running
together, to fill the bath is

Pyp A vul ’n bad in a minute en pyp B vul dieselfde bad in b minute.

Indien A en B gelyktydig vloei is die aantal minute benodig om die
bad te vul
a+b a+b ab 2(a + b) a+b
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
2 ab a+b ab 2ab

21. For how many integers n is the equation (n2 − 3n + 1)n+1 = 1 true?

Vir hoeveel heelgetalle n is die vergelyking (n2 − 3n + 1)n+1 = 1 waar?

(1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 (4) 4 (5) 5

22. If P is a number with 2022 digits each equal to 1, and D = 2022 × P ,

what is the sum of the digits of D?

As P ’n getal is met 2022 syfers elk gelyk aan 1, en D = 2022 × P ,

wat is die som van die syfers van D?

(1) 2022 (2) 20222 (3) 12 132 (4) 6066 (5) P

23. The expression 3n2 + 3n + 23 is a composite number for just one of

the following values of n. Which one?

Die uitdrukking 3n2 + 3n + 23 is ’n saamgestelde getal vir slegs een van

die volgende waardes van n. Watter een?

(1) 2 (2) 4 (3) 6 (4) 17 (5) 22

Grade 11 / Graad 11 32

24. If x, y and z are real numbers and x + y = 2 and xy − z 2 = 1, what is

the value of x2 + y 2 + z 2 ?

As x, y en z reële getalle is en x + y = 2 en xy − z 2 = 1, wat is die

waarde van x2 + y 2 + z 2 ?

(1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 (4) 4

(5) Not enough information / Nie genoeg inligting nie

25. Sizwe must cycle from A to B and he plans to ride at his normal
speed.
If he cycles 5 km/h faster than normal he will arrive 5 hours earlier.
If he cycles 10 km/h faster than normal he will arrive 8 hours earlier.
What is his normal speed, in km/h?

Sizwe moet van A na B ry en hy beplan om teen sy normale snelheid

te ry.
As hy 5 km/u vinniger as normaal ry, sal hy 5 uur vroeër arriveer.
As hy 10 km/u vinniger as normaal ry, sal hy 8 uur vroeër arriveer.
Wat is sy normale snelheid, in km/u ?

(1) 10 (2) 15 (3) 20 (4) 25 (5) 30

26. An equilateral triangle AP Q is inscribed in a square ABCD, with P

on BC and Q on CD. If AB = 1, determine the area of the equilateral
triangle.

’n Gelyksydige driehoek AP Q is in ’n vierkant ABCD ingeskryf, met

P op BC en Q op CD. As AB = 1, bepaal die oppervlakte van die
gelyksydige driehoek.
√ √ √ √
(1) 4√ 3 − 6 (2) 3√2 − 4 (3) 2( 3 − 2)
(4) 3−1 (5) 2 3 − 3
r q
p √
27. 2 2 2 is equal to / gelyk aan

√
8
√
16
√
16
√
16
√
8
(1) 23 (2) 23 (3) 211 (4) 25 (5) 211
Grade 11 / Graad 11 33

28. Any six-digit positive integer of the form ababab is a multiple of ...

Enige sessyfer positiewe heelgetal van die vorm ababab is ’n veelvoud

van ...

(1) 91 (2) 35 (3) 52 (4) 63 (5) 77

29. Find the sum of all the two-digit positive even numbers that can be
written as the difference of two squares.

Bepaal die som van alle tweesyfer positiewe ewe getalle wat as die
verskil tussen twee kwadrate geskryf kan word.

(1) 1024 (2) 2000 (3) 1188 (4) 1560 (5) 1260

30. Two circles overlap as shown in the figure below.

Both circles have a radius equal to 1 and the area of the shaded region
is equal to √
2π 3
+ .
3 2
What is the distance between the centres of the circles?

Twee sirkels oorvleuel soos in die figuur hieronder getoon. Beide sirkels
het ’n radius van 1 en die oppervlakte van die gearseerde gebied is gelyk
aan √
2π 3
+ .
3 2
Wat is die afstand tussen die middelpunte van die sirkels?

√ √ 3 π
(1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 (4) (5)
2 2
 34

QUESTIONS / VRAE GR12

1. Which of the following is not a perfect square?

Watter van die volgende is nie ’n volkome vierkant nie.

(1) 100 (2) 169 (3) 196 (4) 441 (5) 1000

2. Through what angle does the minute hand of a clock move in 25

minutes?

Deur watter hoek beweeg die minuutwyser van ’n horlosie in 25 minute?

(1) 110◦ (2) 115◦ (3) 120◦ (4) 125◦ (5) 150◦

3. What is the remainder when 2022 is divided by 11?

Wat is die res wanneer 2022 deur 11 gedeel word?

(1) 1 (2) 3 (3) 5 (4) 7 (5) 9

4. The midpoint of the line segment AB has coordinates (2; 6). If A has
coordinates (10;12), what are the coordinates of B?

Die middelpunt van die lynstuk AB het koördinate (2; 6). As A

koördinate (10;12) het, wat is die koördinate van B?

(1) (6;10) (2) (–6;0) (3) (–8;–4) (4) (18;16) (5) (22;18)

5. If 2x2 = 9x − 4 and x ̸= 4, what is the value of 2x?

As 2x2 = 9x − 4 en x ̸= 4, wat is die waarde van 2x?

(1) 4 (2) 1 (3) −1 (4) 0 (5) 2

Grade 12 / Graad 12 35

6. The mean of 48, x, 27, 36, 2x and 24 is 37. What is the value of x?

Die gemiddelde van 48, x, 27, 36, 2x en 24 is 37. Wat is die waarde
van x?

1 2 3
(1) 13 (2) 16 (3) 29 (4) 33 (5) 40
3 3 4

7. In a right-angled triangle, the sum of the squares of the three side

lengths is 1800. What is the length of the hypotenuse?

In ’n reghoekige driehoek is die som van die vierkante van die drie
sylengtes 1800. Wat is die lengte van die skuinssy?
√ √
(1) 1800 (2) 21 1800 (3) 90 (4) 30 (5) 45

8. The three angles of a triangle form an arithmetic sequence. Then the

sum of the smallest and the largest angle is

Die drie hoeke van ’n driehoek vorm ‘n rekenkundige ry. Dan is die
som van die kleinste en die grootste hoek

(1) 60◦ (2) 110◦ (3) 120◦ (4) 130◦ (5) 150◦

9. A rectangle is formed by putting 7 identical squares next to one

another. What is the ratio of the perimeter of the rectangle to the
perimeter of each square?

’n Reghoek word gevorm deur 7 identiese vierkante langs mekaar to

plaas. Wat is die verhouding van die omtrek van die reghoek tot die
omtrek van elke vierkant?

(1) 4 : 1 (2) 9 : 2 (3) 27 : 7 (4) 35 : 4 (5) 39 : 5

Grade 12 / Graad 12 36

10. Two different isosceles triangles each have at least one angle of 70◦ . In
one of the triangles the sum of the equal angles is S, and in the other
triangle the sum of the equal angles is T . What is the value of S + T ?

Twee verskillende gelykbenige driehoeke het elk minstens een hoek van
70◦ . In een van die driehoeke is die som van die gelyke hoeke S, en
in die ander driehoek is die som van die gelyke hoeke T . Wat is die
waarde van S + T ?

(1) 280◦ (2) 250◦ (3) 220◦ (4) 200◦ (5) 180◦

f (a + h) − f (a − h)
11. If f (x) = x2 , then is equal to
h
f (a + h) − f (a − h)
As f (x) = x2 , dan is gelyk aan
h
(1) 2a (2) 4a (3) 2a + h (4) 0 (5) 4a + h

12. For each positive real number x, f (x) is the number of primes p that
satisfy x ≤ p ≤ x + 20. What is the value of f (f (20))?

Vir elke positiewe reële getal x is f (x) die aantal priemgetalle p wat
x ≤ p ≤ x + 20 bevredig. Wat is die waarde van f (f (20))?

(1) 4 (2) 5 (3) 6 (4) 7 (5) 8

13. The roots of the equation x2 + 5x + 3 = 0 are p and q.

Which of the following equations has roots p − 1 and q − 1?

Die wortels van die vergelyking x2 + 5x + 3 = 0 is p en q.

Watter een van die volgende vergelykings het wortels p − 1 en q − 1?
(1) x2 + 7x + 9 = 0 (2) x2 + 6x + 2 = 0 (3) x2 + 8x + 4 = 0
(4) x2 + 6x + 4 = 0 (5) x2 + 8x + 2 = 0
Grade 12 / Graad 12 37

14. The average mass of a group of people at a party is equal to the

number of people in the group. Another person with the mass of 103
kg arrives, but the average mass of the group remains equal to the
number of people now at the party. How many people were originally
at the party?

Die gemiddelde massa van ’n groep mense by ’n partytjie is gelyk aan

die aantal mense in die groep. ’n Ander persoon met ’n massa van
103 kg daag op, maar die gemiddelde massa van die groep bly gelyk
aan die aantal mense wat nou by die partytjie is. Hoeveel mense was
oorspronklik by die partytjie?

(1) 43 (2) 49 (3) 51 (4) 103

(5) Not enough information / Nie genoeg inligting nie

15. If 2022 + a2 + b2 = 2c , where a b and c are positive integers, what is

the minimum value of a + b + c?

As 2022 + a2 + b2 = 2c , waar a b en c positiewe heelgetalle is, wat is

die minimum waarde van a + b + c nie?

(1) 19 (2) 16 (3) 18 (4) 17 (5) 15

16. If a + b = 10, a + c = 24 and b + c = 26 the mean value of a, b and c is

As a + b = 10, a + c = 24 en b + c = 26 is die gemiddelde waarde van

a, b en c

(1) 10 (2) 24 (3) 26 (4) 30 (5) 36

r q
p √
17. 2 2 2 is equal to / gelyk aan

√
8
√
16
√
16
√
16
√
8
(1) 23 (2) 23 (3) 211 (4) 25 (5) 211
Grade 12 / Graad 12 38

18. A teacher hands out a test to four pupils, and then requires them to
mark the tests themselves. He hands out the tests so that no pupil
marks his/her own test.
In how many ways can the teacher hand out the test papers?

’n Onderwyser deel toetse onder vier leerlinge uit, en vra hulle dan om
self die toetse te merk. Hy deel dit só uit dat geen leerling sy/haar eie
toets merk nie.
Op hoeveel maniere kan die onderwyser die toetsantwoordstelle uit-
deel?

(1) 8 (2) 9 (3) 10 (4) 12 (5) 13

19. Twenty-seven unit cubes are each coloured completely black or

completely red. The unit cubes are assembled into a larger cube. If
half of the surface area of the larger cube is red, what is the smallest
number of unit cubes that could have been coloured red?

Sewe-en-twintig eenheidsblokkies is elk heeltemal swart of heeltemal

rooi gekleur. Die eenheidsblokkies word in ’n groter kubus saamgestel.
As die helfte van die oppervlakte van die groter kubus rooi is, wat is
dan die kleinste aantal eenheidsblokkies wat rooi kon gewees het?

(1) 9 (2) 10 (3) 11 (4) 12 (5) 13

20. The list 11, 20, 31, 51, 82 is an example of a list of five positive
integers in which the sum of the first and second integers is the third,
the sum of the second and third is the fourth, and the sum of the
third and fourth is the fifth. If the fifth term of such a sequence is 27
and the ninth term is 186, what is the tenth term?

Die lys 11, 20, 31, 51, 82 is ’n voorbeeld van ’n lys van vyf positiewe
heelgetalle waarin die som van die eerste en tweede heelgetalle die derde
is, die som van die tweede en derde die vierde is, en die som van die
derde en die vierde die vyfde is. As die vyfde term van so ’n ry 27 is
en die negende term 186, wat is die tiende term?

(1) 331 (2) 301 (3) 285 (4) 264 (5) 241
Grade 12 / Graad 12 39

21. A six-sided die is rolled three times. What is the probability that
the result of the first roll is greater than or equal to the result of the
second roll and also greater than or equal to the result of the third roll?

’n Seskantige dobbelsteentjie word drie keer gegooi. Wat is die

waarskynlikheid dat die uitslag van die eerste gooi groter as of gelyk
aan die uitslag van die tweede gooi en ook groter as of gelyk aan die
uitslag van die derde gooi is?
1 128 1 85 91
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
6 216 3 216 216

22. Triangle ABC is equilateral and O is the midpoint of BC. A circle

with centre O and radius r is tangent to AB and AC. What is the
area of triangle ABC?

Driehoek ABC is gelyksydig en O is die middelpunt van BC. ’n Sirkel

met middelpunt O en radius r raak aan AB en AC. Wat is die opper-
vlakte van driehoek ABC?
√ √ 2
2 2 4r2 3 7 2 7 3r
(1) r (2) (3) r (4) 4r2 (5)
3 3 4 4

23. What is the area of a triangle with side lengths 13, 14 and 15?

Wat is die oppervlakte van ’n driehoek met sylengtes 13, 14 en 15?

(1) 72 (2) 80 (3) 84 (4) 85 (5) 91

24. In parallelogram ABCD, M is the midpoint of AD, and M C and BD

intersect at P .
What is the ratio
area triangle M P D : area triangle P BC?

In parallelogram ABCD is M die middelpunt van AD, en M C en BD

sny mekaar in P .
Wat is die verhouding
oppervlakte driehoek M P D : oppervlakte driehoek P BC?
1 1 1 2 3
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
3 4 5 7 8
Grade 12 / Graad 12 40

25. In triangle ABC, AB = AC, and P lies on AB and Q lies on AC such

that AP = P Q = QB = BC. What is the ratio ∠A : ∠B : ∠C?

In driehoek ABC, AB = AC, en P lê op AB en Q lê op AC so dat

AP = P Q = QB = BC. Wat is die verhouding ∠A : ∠B : ∠C?
(1) 2 : 7 : 7 (2) 2 : 5 : 5 (3) 1 : 2 : 2
(4) 1 : 3 : 3 (5) 1 : 4 : 4

26. The positive real numbers a, b, c, d are successive terms of a geometric

progression and their product is equal to 729. If in addition a = bc
then d is equal to

Die positiewe reële getalle a, b, c, d is opeenvolgende terme van ’n

meetkundige ry en hul produk is gelyk aan 729. Indien ook a = bc dan
is d gelyk aan

(1) 1 (2) 3 (3) 9 (4) 18 (5) 27

27. cos2 40◦ − cos2 50◦ is equal to / is gelyk aan

(1) 1 (2) cos2 10◦ (3) sin 20◦ (4) cos 50◦ (5) cos 80◦

28. If P is a number with 2022 digits each equal to 1, and D = 2022 × P ,

what is the sum of the digits of D?

As P ’n getal is met 2022 syfers elk gelyk aan 1, en D = 2022 × P ,

wat is die som van die syfers van D?

(1) 2022 (2) 20222 (3) 12 132 (4) 6066 (5) P

Grade 12 / Graad 12 41

29. Ann and Bob play a game in which Ann starts by rolling a fair die
and then Bob tosses a fair coin. They repeat in this way, taking turns,
until one of them wins.
Ann wins if a “six” occurs and Bob wins if a “head” occurs.
What is the probability that Ann wins the game?

Ann en Bob speel ’n speletjie waarin Ann begin deur ’n billike dobbel-
steen te rol en dan gooi Bob ’n regverdige muntstuk. Hulle herhaal op
hierdie manier, en neem beurte totdat een van hulle wen.
Ann wen as ’n “ses” voorkom en Bob wen as ’n “kop” voorkom.
Wat is die waarskynlikheid dat Ann die spel wen?
1 1 3 1 2
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
3 5 8 6 7

30. Two circles overlap as shown in the figure below.

Both circles have a radius equal to 1 and the area of the shaded region
is equal to √
2π 3
+ .
3 2
What is the distance between the centres of the circles?

Twee sirkels oorvleuel soos in die figuur hieronder getoon. Beide sirkels
het ’n radius van 1 en die oppervlakte van die gearseerde gebied is gelyk
aan √
2π 3
+ .
3 2
Wat is die afstand tussen die middelpunte van die sirkels?

√ √ 3 π
(1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 (4) (5)
2 2
 42

ANSWERS 2019

8 9 10 11 12

1 2 2 5 5 5
2 3 5 1 5 5
3 5 3 2 2 5
4 3 5 2 2 2
5 5 5 3 3 2
6 6 5 5 2 3
7 1 5 2 4 4
8 5 2 4 1 3
9 2 1 2 4 1
10 5 4 5 4 2
11 2 2 2 3 2
12 1 1 3 1 4
13 4 2 5 2 1
14 2 5 4 1 3
15 1 4 4 2 4
16 4 3 3 1 1
17 4 4 3 4 3
18 3 1 2 5 2
19 3 3 1 4 2
20 5 4 1 3 2
21 3 2 5 4 5
22 4 3 4 3 2
23 3 3 2 5 3
24 2 2 5 2 2
25 3 1 2 2 4
26 5 2 2 5 1
27 2 2 1 3 5
28 2 3 5 1 3
29 2 4 5 3 5
30 2 1 5 3 3
 43

SOLUTIONS GRADE 8
1. 2022 +202.2 + 20.22 + 2.022 = 2246.442 2

2×0+2×2 0+4 4
2. = = = 1. 3
2+0×2+2 2+0+2 4

3. 100 = 102 , 169 = 132 , 196 = 142 and 441 = 212 .

1000 is not a perfect square. 5

4. P Q = 1, QR = 2P Q = 2, RS = 3QR = 6

So P S = P Q + QR + RS = 1 + 2 + 6 = 9. 3

5. 20222 = (2000 + 22)2 = 20002 + 2 × 2000 × 22 + 222

= 4000000 + 88000 + 484 = 4088484 5

6. The minute hand of a clock moves through 360◦ in one hour, and
25
therefore moves through 60 × 360◦ = 150◦ in 25 minutes. 5

7. 9876 − 6789 = 3087 1

1 1 1 1 5 9 3
8. ( + ) × ( + ) = × = 5
2 3 4 5 6 20 8

9. There are only two prime numbers between 110 and 130: 113 and
127. 2

10. If the number is n, then n + n/4 = 5n/4 = 15. So n/4 = 3 and

n = 12. 5

11. The terms of the combined sequence are 20, 40, 60, · · · , with first
term 20 and increases of 20. The millionth term is 20 000 000. 2
Solutions Grade 8 44

12. The side length of the rectangle is 7 and

the width is 1. So the perimeter of the
rectangle is 2(1 + 7) = 16, while the
perimeter of each small square is 4.

So the ratio of the perimeter of the rectangle to the perimeter of

the small square is 16 : 4 = 4 : 1. 1

13. The taps will drip together for the first time after 15 seconds, and
every 15 seconds after that. So they will drip together 4 times in
a minute, or 240 times in an hour, and 24 × 240 = 5760 times in
24 hours. 4

14. Since triangles BW Z and CXY are

right-angled, ∠B = 68◦ and ∠C = 25◦ .

So ∠A = 180◦ − 68◦ − 25◦ = 87◦ . 2

15. The superprimes less than 20 are 2, 3, 7, 19: 4 altogether. 1

16. From k∇m = k(k − m) we have

5∇1 + 4∇1 = 5(5 − 1) + 4(4 − 1) = 5 × 4 + 4 × 3 = 20 + 12 = 32. 4
Solutions Grade 8 45

17. The table below shows the result of rolling two dice. The rows
are the result of the first roll, the columns are the result of the
second roll and the symbol in the table represents the relationship
between the rolls. Here < means that the first roll is less than the
second roll.

There are 36 possible outcomes, and in 21 the result of the first

roll is greater than or equal to the second roll.
The answer is 21 7
36 = 12 . 4

18. We have ∠B = 13 ∠A and ∠C = 2∠A. From ∠A+∠B+∠C = 180◦

it follows that (1 + 13 + 2)∠A = 180◦ . So 10 ◦
3 ∠A = 180 and
∠A = 54◦ . 3

19. The sum of the two largest digits is at most 18, so the smallest
digit is at least 7. There are six possibilities: 799, 889, 898, 979,
988 and 997. 3

1 a2 + 1 a 1
20. From a + = 3 it follows that = 3 and 2 = . 5
a a a +1 3

21. If the original circle had radius r and the reduced circle has ra-
dius s, then πs2 = 0.64πr2 . So s = 0.8r and the ratio of the
circumferences is 0.8. So the circumference has been reduced by
20%. 3
Solutions Grade 8 46

22. Start with the cube CD. There are only two two-digit cubes: 27
and 64. However, we can reject the first case, with D = 7, since
we are told that BD is a square, and no squares end with 7. So
we have C = 6 and D = 4.
Now consider BD: a square. The only square ending with 4 is
64. So B = 6.
Since AB is a two-digit square ending is 6 it must be either 16 or
36. We know that C = 6 and AC must be divisible by 3, so it is
not possible for AB = 16. We now have:
A = 3, B = 6, C = 6, D = 4 and A + B + C + D = 19. 4

23. Multiplying 2022 successively by 1, 11, 111, 1111, 11111, 111111

etc gives the products
2022, 22242, 224442, 2246442, 22466442, 224666442,...
and the pattern soon becomes clear: to get the next product after
the third term, simply insert a 6 into the middle of the previous
product.
The digit-sums of the products are 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36 ... and
the sum of the digits of the 2022th term is 6 × 2022 = 12132. 3

24. The two isosceles triangles have angles

{70◦ , 70◦ , 40◦ } and {55◦ , 55◦ , 70◦ }.
So S = 140◦ and T = 110◦ (or vice versa), and S + T = 250◦ . 2

25. If a number is divisible by four, its last two digits must be divisible
by four. In the present case that means our number must end with
12, 24, or 32.
They are 4312, 3412, 1432, 4132, 1324, 3124: 6 altogether. 3

26. 2025 = 3 × 5 × 9 × 15 is the only possibility. 5

27. There are 24 arrangements of the digits 1, 2, 3 and 4:

1234 1243 1324 1342 1423 1432
2134 2143 2314 2341 2413 2431
3124 3142 3214 3241 3412 3421
4123 4132 4213 4231 4312 4321
There are nine in the above list with all numbers out of place:
2143 2341 2413 3142 3412 3421 4123 4312 4321 2
Solutions Grade 8 47

28. The 6 faces of the cube are made up of 9 × 6 = 54 small squares,

of which 27 must be red, using as few red cubes as possible.
Start by placing 8 red cubes at the corners, contributing 24 red
squares to the surface area. We now need to have three more red
squares, so we place a red cube on one edge, between two red
corners, showing two red faces, and one red cube in the centre of
a face. This arrangement contributes the required 27 red squares
to the total face area, using 10 red cubes. 2

29. If the first two terms are a and b, the first ten terms of the sequence
are a, b, a+b, a+2b, 2a+3b, 3a+5b, 5a+8b, 8a+13b, 13a+21b, 21a+
34b.
So we have the equations 2a + 3b = 27 (5th term) and 13a + 21b =
186 (ninth term) from which a = 3 and b = 7. The tenth term of
the sequence is 21a + 34b = 21 × 3 + 34 × 7 = 63 + 238 = 301. 2

30. Suppose the distance between Dali’s home and school is d km,
and that he walks at u km/h and runs at 3u km/h.
He walks half the distance to school, taking d/2u, and runs the
second half, taking d/6u. The total time is d/2u + d/6u = 2d/3u
hours.
Thus 2d/3u = 2/5 and d/u = 3/5.
If the time taken for returning home is t, then he walks for u(t/2)
km and the distance he runs is (3u)(t/2) km.
So we have d = u(t/2) + (3u)(t/2) = 2ut. So t = d/2u = 3/10
hours: 18 minutes. 2
 48

SOLUTIONS GRADE 9
1. 2022 +202.2 + 20.22 + 2.022 = 2246.442 2

2. 100 = 102 , 169 = 132 , 196 = 142 and 441 = 212 .

1000 is not a perfect square. 5

3. P Q = 1, QR = 2P Q = 2, RS = 3QR = 6

So P S = P Q + QR + RS = 1 + 2 + 6 = 9.. 3

4. 20222 = (2000 + 22)2 = 20002 + 2 × 2000 × 22 + 222

= 4000000 + 88000 + 484 = 4088484 5

5. The minute hand of a clock moves through 360◦ in one hour, and
25
therefore moves through 60 × 360◦ = 150◦ in 25 minutes. 5

6. 2022 ÷ 11 = 183 with remainder 9. 5

1 1 1 5 9 3
7. ( + ) × ( + 51 ) = × = 5
2 3 4 6 20 8

8. If three-eighths of a number is 12, one-eighth of the number is 4

and a quarter (two-eighths) of the number is 8. 2

9. If (x + 4)/6 = (x − 5)/5 then 5(x + 4) = 6(x − 5),

giving x = 20 + 30 = 50. 1

10. Add the three equations:

(a − b − c) + (b − c − a) + (c − a − b) = 2 − 3 + 5 gives −a − b − c = 4,
and a + b + c = −4. 4

11. With a = 2022 the expression becomes

aa − aa−2 aa (1 − a−2 ) a2 − 1
= = = a − 1 = 2021.
aa−1 + aa−2 aa (a−1 + a−2 ) a+1 2
Solutions Grade 9 49

12. Since 1001 = 7 × 11 × 13, the sum of its prime factors is

7 + 11 + 13 = 31. 1

13. The first equation is 3a + 2b = 4 and the second equation can be

rewritten 2b + 3a = 5ab. So we see that 5ab = 4, giving ab = 45 . 2

14. If n is the number of children at the party, and a the number

of apples, then n = a − 7. If each child takes two apples, then
2n = a+16. Subtracting the equations gives n = 23 (and a = 30). 5

15. The table below shows the result of rolling two dice. The rows
are the result of the first roll, the columns are the result of the
second roll and the symbol in the table represents the relationship
between the rolls. Here < means that the first roll is less than the
second roll.

There are 36 possible outcomes, and in 21 the result of the first

roll is greater than or equal to the second roll.
The answer is 21 7
36 = 12 . 4

16. The sum of the two largest digits is at most 18, so the smallest
digit is at least 7. There are six possibilities: 799, 889, 898, 979,
988 and 997 3

17. The sum of the ten different positive integers is 100. The sum of
the 9 smallest positive integers is at least 1 + 2 + 3 + · · · + 9 = 45.
So the largest possible value for the largest of the ten positive
integers is 55. 4

18. ∠P RQ = ∠SRT = 180◦ − 2x◦ .

Then ∠QP R = 180◦ − 2∠P RQ =
180◦ − 2(180◦ − 2x◦ ) =
180◦ − 2(180◦ − 2x◦ ) = 4x◦ − 180◦ . 1
Solutions Grade 9 50

19. If the original circle had radius r and the reduced circle has ra-
dius s, then πs2 = 0.64πr2 . So s = 0.8r and the ratio of the
circumferences is 0.8. So the circumference has been reduced by
20%. 3

20. Start with the cube CD. There are only two two-digit cubes: 27
and 64. However, we can reject the first case, with D = 7, since
we are told that BD is a square, and no squares end with 7. So
we have C = 6 and D = 4.
Now consider BD: a square. The only square ending with 4 is
64. So B = 6.
Since AB is a two-digit square ending is 6 it must be either 16 or
36. We know that C = 6 and AC must be divisible by 3, so it is
not possible for AB = 16. We now have:
A = 3, B = 6, C = 6, D = 4 and A + B + C + D = 19. 4

21. The two isosceles triangles

have angles {70◦ , 70◦ , 40◦ } and
{55◦ , 55◦ , 70◦ }.
So S = 140◦ and T = 110◦
(or vice versa), and S + T = 250◦ . 2

22. Squaring each of the six numbers gives a whole number. In addi-
tion,
√ the √ following
√ products √
give whole
√ numbers:
√
2 × 8 = 16 = 4 and 3 × 12 = 36 = 6. So 8 of the
36 products are whole numbers, and the required probability is
8 2
36 = 9 . 2

23. The arithmetic sequence −11, −4, 3, · · · , 507 has common differ-
ence 7 and 75 terms. When each term is raised to the power 0,
they are all equal to 1, with sum 75. 3
Solutions Grade 9 51

24. The two equal sides of the triangle

cannot have length 22 cm, since
22 + 22 = 44 < 61.
So the isosceles triangle has equal sides
of length 61 cm and a base of
length 22 cm.
The altitude of the triangle is
√ p √ √
612 − 112 = (61 + 11)(61 − 11) = 72 × 50 = 3600
= 60 cm, and its area 21 (22)(60) = 660 cm2 . 2

25. If the side length of the cube is a cm,

the length of√ the internal diameter of
the cube is 3a2 = x cm. So 3a2 = x2
and a2 = x2 /3. The surface area of the
cube is 6a2 = 2x2 cm2 .
1

26. There are 6 3-digit numbers with digits a, b and c , and their sum
is (100a+10b+c)+(100b+10c+a)+· · · = (200+20+2)(a+b+c) =
1554.
So a + b + c = 1554/222 = 7.
The only option is a = 1, b = 2 and c = 4. 2

27. The 6 faces of the cube are made up of 9 × 6 = 54 small squares,

of which 27 must be red, using as few red cubes as possible.
Start by placing 8 red cubes at the corners, contributing 24 red
squares to the surface area. We now need to have three more red
squares, so we place a red cube on one edge, between two red
corners, showing two red faces, and one red cube in the centre of
a face.
This arrangement contributes the required 27 red squares to the
total face area, using 10 red cubes. 2
Solutions Grade 9 52

28. If there are originally n people in their group , with average weight
n kg, their total weight is n2 kg.
When one more person arrives, the total weight is n2 + 103 kg,
with average weight (n2 + 103)/(n + 1), which is again equal to
the number in the group, now n + 1.
This gives the equation (n2 +103)/(n+1) = n+1, which simplifies
to 2n + 1 = 103 and n = 51. 3

29. The equation is (n2 − 3n + 1)n+1 = 1.

Case 1: n + 1 = 0, giving n = −1.
Case 2: n2 − 3n + 1 = 1, giving n = 0 or 3.
Case 3: n2 − 3n + 1 = −1 and n + 1 is even, giving n = 1
(rejecting the case n = 2, when n + 1 is odd).
So there are four solutions: −1, 0, 1, 3. 4

30. Suppose at the beginning there are r red marbles and w white
marbles.
After adding 30 red marbles the ratio of red marbles is
r + 30 1
=
r + w + 30 3
giving 3r + 90 = r + w + 30 and 2r − w = −60. (1)
After adding 30 white marbles the ratio of red marbles is
r + 30 3
=
r + w + 60 10
giving 10r + 300 = 3r + 3w + 180, and 7r − 3w = −120. (2)
Subtracting 3 times equation (1) from equation (2) gives r = 60
and then w = 2r + 60 = 180 (from equation (1)).
r 60 1
The initial ratio of red balls is = = . 1
r+w 240 4
 53

SOLUTIONS GRADE 10
1. 2022 ÷ 11 = 183 with remainder 9. 5

2. Draw a line through P parallel to

ABCD.
∠BP C = 180◦ − 31◦ − 71◦ = 78◦ .
1

3. If the coordinates of B are (x; y) then 21 (x+10) = 2 and 12 (12+y) =

6, giving B = (−6; 0). 2

4. The pyramid has 11 vertices, 10 sloping edges and ten edges

around its base: 20 edges altogether. 2

5. The mean of the six numbers is 16 (48 + x + 27 + 36 + 2x + 24) =

1
6 (3x + 135). Equating this to 37 gives (3x + 135) = 6 × 37 = 222.
Then 3x = 87 and x = 29. 3

6. The hands will overlap again shortly after 5 minutes past 1: 65

minutes later.
A more precise answer is given by noting that the minute hand
moves 12 times faster than the hour hand. When the hands over-
lap at t minutes past 1, the hour hand will have moved through
60 + t minutes. So 60 + t = 12t, giving t = 60/11 = 5.45, and the
overlap occurs 65.45 minutes later. 5

7. The sequence of sums is 20, 40, 60, · · · and the millionth term is
20 million. 2

8. If the sides of the triangle are a ≤ b ≤ c, then a2 + b2 + c2 = 1800.

Since a2 + b2 = c2 , it follows that 2c2 = 1800 and c = 30. 4

9. Since ∠ABC = 90◦ − 22◦ = 68◦ and

∠ACB = 90◦ − 65◦ = 25◦ , ∠BAC =
180◦ − 68◦ − 25◦ = 87◦ .

2
Solutions Grade 10 54

1 1 1 1 1 1 a−c ac
10. + = ⇒ = − = ⇒a−c= 5
a b c b c a ac b

11. With a = 2022 the expression becomes

aa − aa−2 aa (1 − a−2 ) a2 − 1
= = = a − 1 = 2021.
aa−1 + aa−2 aa (a−1 + a−2 ) a+1 2

12. The last digit of 2022 is 0.

The last digit of 2220 = (20 + 2)20 is the same as the last digit of
220 = 10242 , which ends with 6.
So the last digit of 2022 − 2220 is 4. 3

13. From y = 3x + 7 and y = x + 9 it follows that 3x + 7 = x + 9 and

x = 1, y = 10. Then 10 = m + 17 and m = −7. 5

14. The table below shows the result of rolling two dice. The rows
are the result of the first roll, the columns are the result of the
second roll and the symbol in the table represents the relationship
between the rolls. Here < means that the first roll is less than the
second roll.

There are 36 possible outcomes, and in 21 the result of the first

roll is greater than or equal to the second roll.
The answer is 21 7
36 = 12 . 4

15. If there are r red pens, w white pens and b blue pens, we have the
following equations
r + w = 48 w + b = 37 b + r = 39
Adding the three equations and dividing by 2 gives r +w +b = 62. 4
Solutions Grade 10 55

16. The arithmetic sequence −11, −4, 3, · · · , 507 has common differ-
ence 7 and 75 terms. When each term is raised to the power 0,
they are all equal to 1, with sum 75. 3

17. Since BF = F E = EB, the triangle is

equilateral with all angles equal to 60◦ .
Let ∠BAF = x and ∠ABF = y.

At F we have x + y = 120◦ (1)

◦ ◦
From triangle F DE: 2y + (180 − x) = 180 , giving x = 2y. (2)
From (1) and (2): x + x/2 = 120◦ , from which x = 80◦ . 3

18. There are 24 arrangements of the digits 1, 2, 3 and 4:

1234 1243 1324 1342 1423 1432
2134 2143 2314 2341 2413 2431
3124 3142 3214 3241 3412 3421
4123 4132 4213 4231 4312 4321
There are nine in the above list with all numbers out of place:
2143 2341 2413 3142 3412 3421 4123 4312 4321 2

19. If the side length of the cube is a cm,

the length of√ the internal diameter of
the cube is 3a2 = x cm. So 3a2 = x2
and a2 = x2 /3. The surface area of the
cube is 6a2 = 2x2 cm2 .
1

20. We are given that 3p2 −5p = 7, so 5p−3p2 = −7 and 6+5p−3p2 =

6 + −7 = −1. 1

21. Let AB = x and BC = y.

Then xy = (x + 15)(y − 4), giving −4x + 15y = 60 (1)
and xy = (x − 15)(y + 8), giving 8x − 15y = 120. (2)
Adding (1) and (2) gives 4x = 180 and x = 45.
Putting x = 45 in (1) gives −180 + 15y = 60.
So y = 16, and the area of the rectangle is 45 × 16 = 720 cm2 . 5
Solutions Grade 10 56

22. The equation is (n2 − 3n + 1)n+1 = 1.

Case 1: n + 1 = 0, giving n = −1.
Case 2: n2 − 3n + 1 = 1, giving n = 0 or 3.
Case 3: n2 − 3n + 1 = −1 and n + 1 is even, giving n = 1
(rejecting the case n = 2, when n + 1 is odd).
So there are four solutions: −1, 0, 1, 3. 4

23. The points equidistant from B and C

lie on the perpendicular bisector of
BC.

There are just two points on this bisector exactly 6 cm from A. 2

24. 3n2 + 3n + 23 = 3n(n + 1) + 23, which is composite (divisible by

23) when n = 22. 5

25. Clearly x = 1, y = 1, z = 0 is a solution,

giving x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 2.
To show that this is the only solu-
tion, we consider the straight line
graph x + y = 2 and the hyperbolas
xy = 1 + z 2 , for different values of z.

For z > 0 the straight line and the hyperbola graphs do not
intersect, and for z = 0 they are tangent at (1, 1). Thus
x = 1, y = 1, z = 0 is the only solution.
For an algebraic solution, substitute the first equation into the
second:
x(2−x) = 1+z 2 ⇒ x2 −2x+1+z 2 = 0 ⇒ (x−1)2 +z 2 = 0, giving
x − 1 = z = 0. So x = y = 1 and z = 0, giving x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 2. 2

26. If the distance from A to B is d km, and Sizwe’s cycling speed is

u km/h, we have the following expressions for d:
d = ut = (u + 5)(t − 5), giving 5t − 5u = 25. (1)
d = ut = (u + 10)(t − 8), giving 5t − 4u = 40. (2)
Subtracting equation (1) from equation (2) gives u = 15. 2
Solutions Grade 10 57

27. Set the tetrahedron in space with its

edges along the three coordinate axes
and the faces on the xy, yz and zx
planes.
If the three sloping edges of the tetrahedron are a, b and c, then
the areas of the three mutually perpendicular faces are
1 1 1
2 ab = 3, 2 bc = 4 and 2 ca = 6.
Multiplying the three equations together gives
1 2 2 2 2 2 2
8 a b c = 3 × 4 × 6 = 72, and it follows that a b c = 8 × 72 = 576
and abc = 24.
The volume of the tetrahedron is then 61 abc = 4. 1

28. The equilateral triangle may be subdi-

vided into 8 triangles, all congruent to
triangle W T R, and 7 of them make up
quadrilateral P QT W .
The ratio of the area of P QT W to the area of T W R is 7 : 1. 5

29. In the figure, triangles ABP and ADQ

are conguent (two sides and a right
angle), so BP = QD and P C = CQ.

√
If AP = P Q =√QA = a, then BP = a2 − 1 = QD and
P C = CQ = 1 − a2 − 1.

From triangle
√ P QC 2we deduce √
that
a = 2(1 − a − 1) = 2(1 − 2 a2 − 1 + (a2 − 1)) .
2 2

√
So a2 = 4 a2 − 1 and (a2 )2 − 16a2 + 16 = 0, a quadratic in a2
with solution√ √
a2 = 21 (16 ± 192) = 8 − 4 3 (rejecting the other root.)

So
√ the area
√ of the
√ equilateral
√ triangle AP Q is
3 2 3
4 a = 4 (8 − 4 3) = 2 3 − 3. 5
Solutions Grade 10 58

30. Let P be the probability that Ann wins. This probability can be
expressed as an infinite sum – the probability that she wins on her
first turn plus the probability that she wins on her second turn
plus the probability that she wins on her third turn and so on.
  
1 5 1 1 5 1 1
P = + × × + × × + ···
6 6 2 6 6 2 6
Notice that this can be rewritten as
1 5 1 2
P = + × ×P ⇒P = 5
6 6 2 7
 59

SOLUTIONS GRADE 11
1. 20222 = (2000 + 22)2 = 20002 + 2 × 2000 × 22 + 222
= 4000000 + 88000 + 484 = 4088484 5

2. ( 12 + 31 ) × ( 14 + 51 ) = 5
6 × 9
20 = 3
8 5

3. If the coordinates of B are (x; y) then 12 (x + 10) = 2

and 21 (12 + y) = 6, giving B = (−6; 0). 2

4. Since 2x2 − 9x + 4 = (2x − 1)(x − 4) = 0, and x ̸= 4, 2x = 1. 2

5. The mean of the six numbers is

1 1
6 (48 + x + 27 + 36 + 2x + 24) = 6 (3x + 135).
Equating this to 37 gives (3x + 135) = 6 × 37 = 222.
Then 3x = 87 and x = 29. 3

6. The terms of the combined sequence are 20, 40, 60, · · · , with first
term 20 and increases of 20. The millionth term is 20 000 000. 2

7. If the sides of the triangle are a ≤ b ≤ c, then a2 + b2 + c2 = 1800.

Since a2 + b2 = c2 , it follows that 2c2 = 1800 and c = 30. 4

8. There are 4 superprimes less than 20: 2, 3, 13 and 19. 1

9. From k∇m = k(k − m) we have

5∇1 + 4∇1 = 5(5 − 1) + 4(4 − 1) = 5 × 4 + 4 × 3 = 20 + 12 = 32. 4

10. Add the three equations:

(a − b − c) + (b − c − a) + (c − a − b) = 2 − 3 + 5 gives −a − b − c = 4,
and a + b + c = −4. 4

11. ∠A + 31 ∠A + 2∠A = (1 + 13 + 2)∠A. So 10

3 ∠A = 180◦
and ∠A = 54◦ . 3
Solutions Grade 11 60

12. Since 1001 = 7 × 11 × 13, the sum of the prime factors is

7 + 11 + 13 = 31. 1

13. There are 5 prime numbers less than 100 ending with 9: 19, 29,
59, 79, 89. 2

14. ∠P RQ = ∠SRT = 180◦ − 2x◦ .

Then ∠QP R = 180◦ − 2∠P RQ =
180◦ − 2(180◦ − 2x◦ ) =
180◦ − 2(180◦ − 2x◦ ) = 4x◦ − 180◦ . 1

15. The two equal sides of the triangle

cannot have length 22 cm, since
22 + 22 = 44 < 61.
So the isosceles triangle has equal sides
of length 61 cm and a base of
length 22 cm.
The altitude of the triangle is
√ p √ √
612 − 112 = (61 + 11)(61 − 11) = 72 × 50 = 3600
= 60 cm, and its area 21 (22)(60) = 660 cm2 . 2

16. Since the roots of x2 − 5x + 1 = 0 are a and b, a + b = 5 and

ab = 1.
1 1
The equation with roots − and − is
a b
1 1
(x + )(x + ) = 0
a b
1 1 1
⇔ x2 + ( + ) + =0
a b ab
a+b 1
⇔ x2 + + =0
ab ab
⇔ x2 + 5x + 1 = 0. 1
Solutions Grade 11 61

17. For the parabolas to be tangent, the graphs cut in just one point.
So the equation k − x2 = x2 − 5x + 6 ⇔ 2x2 − 5x + (6 − k) = 0
has just one root, and its discriminant is 25 − 8(6 − k) is zero. So
23
8k = 48 − 25 and k = . 4
8

18. Let ∠DAE = x. Then ∠A = x+40◦ and

∠ABC = ∠ACB = 21 (180◦ − 40◦ − x) =
70◦ − 21 x.

In isosceles triangle ADE, ∠AED = ∠ADE = 12 (180◦ − x) =

90◦ − 21 x.
So ∠EDC = ∠AED − ∠ECD = (90◦ − 12 x) − (70◦ − 12 x) = 20◦ . 5

19. The primes between 20 and 40 are 23, 29, 31, 37. So f (20) = 4.
The primes between 4 and 24 are 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19 and 23. So
f (f (20)) = f (4) = 7. 4

1
20. In 1 minute pipe A alone fills of the bath, and pipe B alone fills
a
1
of the bath.
b
1 1 a+b
Together they fill + = of the bath in 1 minute, and will
a b ab
ab
fill the bath in minutes. 3
a+b

21. The equation is (n2 − 3n + 1)n+1 = 1.

Case 1: n + 1 = 0, giving n = −1.
Case 2: n2 − 3n + 1 = 1, giving n = 0 or 3.
Case 3: n2 − 3n + 1 = −1 and n + 1 is even, giving n = 1
(rejecting the case n = 2, when n + 1 is odd).
So there are four solutions: −1, 0, 1, 3. 4
Solutions Grade 11 62

22. Multiplying 2022 successively by 1, 11, 111, 1111, 11111, 111111

etc gives the products
2022, 22242, 224442, 2246442, 22466442, 224666442,...
and the pattern soon becomes clear: to get the next product,
simply insert a 6 into the middle of the previous product.
The digit-sums of the products are 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36 ... and
the sum of the digits of the 2022th term is 6 × 2022 = 12132. 3

23. 3n2 + 3n + 23 = 3n(n + 1) + 23, which is composite (divisible by

23) when n = 22. 5

24. Clearly x = 1, y = 1, z = 0 is a solution,

giving x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 2.
To show that this is the only solu-
tion, we consider the straight line
graph x + y = 2 and the hyperbolas
xy = 1 + z 2 , for different values of z.

For z > 0 the straight line and the hyperbola graphs do not
intersect, and for z = 0 they are tangent at (1, 1). Thus
x = 1, y = 1, z = 0 is the only solution.
For an algebraic solution, substitute the first equation into the
second:
x(2−x) = 1+z 2 ⇒ x2 −2x+1+z 2 = 0 ⇒ (x−1)2 +z 2 = 0, giving
x − 1 = z = 0. So x = y = 1 and z = 0, giving x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 2. 2

25. If the distance from A to B is d km, and Sizwe’s cycling speed is

u km/h, we have the following expressions for d:
d = ut = (u + 5)(t − 5), giving 5t − 5u = 25. (1)
d = ut = (u + 10)(t − 8), giving 5t − 4u = 40. (2)
Subtracting equation (1) from equation (2) gives u = 15 2
Solutions Grade 11 63

26. In the figure, triangles ABP and ADQ

are congruent (two sides and a right
angle), so P B = QD and P C = DQ.
If AP = P √Q = QA = a, then
PB = a2 −
√1 = QD and
P C = DQ = 1 − a − 1. 2

From triangle P QC we deduce that

√ √
a2 = 2(1 − a2 − 1)2 = 2(1 − 2 a2 − 1 + (a2 − 1)) .
√
So a2 = 4 a2 − 1 and (a2 )2 − 16a2 + 16 = 0, a quadratic in a2
with solution
√ √
a2 = 21 (16 ± 192) = 8 − 4 3 (rejecting the other root.)

So the area of the equilateral triangle AP Q is

√
3 2
√
3
√ √
4 a = 4 (8 − 4 3) = 2 3 − 3. 5
r q
p √ 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 √
16
27. 2 2 2 = 2 2 × 2 8 × 2 16 = 2 2 + 8 + 16 = 2 16 = 211 3

28. The six-digit number ababab = ab × 10101 = ab × 3 × 7 × 13 × 37.

However, the two-digit number ab is not necessarily divisible by
2, 3, 5, 7 or 11, so cannot be divisible by 35, 52, 63 or 77: the
only possible factor is 91. 1

29. Any number which can be written as a difference of two squares

has the form a2 − b2 = (a − b)(a + b), and the two factors have
the same parity, and are therefore even.
Even numbers divisible by 4 have the form 4n = (n+1)2 −(n−1)2 .
The two-digit even numbers divisible by 4 are 12, 16, 20, · · · 96,
with sum 4(3 + 4 + 5 + · · · + 24) = 1188. 3
Solutions Grade 11 64

30. Using radian measure for angles, the

area of sector B is 21 (θ − sin θ.)

So the shaded area A = π − 2B√ = π − (θ − sin θ) = (π − θ) + sin θ.

2π 3 π
Given that the area is + , it follows that θ = .
3 2 3
It follows that
√ the distance between the centres of the circle is
π
2 cos( ) = 3. 3
3
 65

SOLUTIONS GRADE 12
1. 100 = 102 , 169 = 132 , 196 = 142 and 441 = 212 .
1000 is not a perfect square. 5

2. The minute hand of a clock moves through 360◦ in one hour, and
25
therefore moves through 60 × 360◦ = 150◦ in 25 minutes. 5

3. 2022 ÷ 11 = 183 with remainder 9. 5

4. If the coordinates of B are (x; y) then 21 (x+10) = 2 and 12 (12+y) =

6, giving B = (−6; 0). 2

5. Since 2x2 − 9x + 4 = (2x − 1)(x − 4) = 0, and x ̸= 4, 2x = 1. 2

6. The mean of the six numbers is 16 (48 + x + 27 + 36 + 2x + 24) =

1
6 (3x + 135). Equating this to 37 gives 3x + 135 = 6 × 37 = 222.
Then 3x = 87 and x = 29. 3

7. If the sides of the triangle are a ≤ b ≤ c, then a2 + b2 + c2 = 1800.

Since a2 + b2 = c2 , it follows that 2c2 = 1800 and c = 30. 4

8. If the angles of the triangle are a − d, a, a + d, than 3a = 180◦ .

The sum of the largest and smallest angles is 2a = 120◦ . 3

9. The side length of the rectangle is 7 and

the width is 1. So the perimeter of the
rectangle is 2(1 + 7) = 16, while the
perimeter of each small square is 4.

So the ratio of the perimeter of the rectangle to the perimeter of

the small square is 16 : 4 = 4 : 1. 1
Solutions Grade 12 66

10. The two isosceles triangles have angles

{70◦ , 70◦ , 40◦ } and {55◦ , 55◦ , 70◦ }.
So S = 140◦ and T = 110◦ (or vice versa), and S + T = 250◦ . 2

f (a + h) − f (a − h) (a + h)2 − (a − h)2 4ah

11. = = = 4a 2
h h h

12. The primes between 20 and 40 are 23, 29, 31, 37. So f (20) = 4.
There are 7 primes between 4 and 24: 5, 7, 11,13, 17, 19 and 23.
So f (f (20)) = f (4) = 7. 4

13. In the equation x2 + 5x + 3 = 0 the sum of the roots is p + q = −5,

and the product of the roots is pq = 3.
In the new equation:
the sum of the roots is (p − 1) + (q − 1) − 2 = −5 − 2 = −7,
and the product of the roots is (p − 1)(q − 1) = pq − p − q + 1
=3+5+1=9
So the new equation is x2 + 7x + 9 = 0.

Alternatively, the new quadratic equation in which the roots are

increased by 1 is (x + 1)2 + 5(x + 1) + 3 = 0 ⇔ x2 + 7x + 9 = 0. 1

14. If there are originally n people in their group , with average weight
n kg, their total weight is n2 kg.
When one more person arrives, the total weight is n2 + 103 kg,
with average weight (n2 + 103)/(n + 1), which is again equal to
the number in the group, now n + 1.
This gives the equation (n2 +103)/(n+1) = n+1, which simplifies
to 2n + 1 = 103 and n = 51. 3

15. The smallest power of 2 greater than 2022 is 211 = 2048.

So c = 11. With 2048 = 2022 + 26 = 12 + 52 , we have
a + b + c = 1 + 5 + 11 = 17. 4

16. Add the equations: 2(a + b + c) = 10 + 24 + 26 = 60. So a + b + c =

30. The mean value of a, b and c is 31 (a + b + c) = 10. 1
 Solutions Grade 12 67

r q
p √ 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 √
16
17. 2 2 2 = 2 2 × 2 8 × 2 16 = 2 2 + 8 + 16 = 2 16 = 211 3

18. There are 24 arrangements of the digits 1, 2, 3 and 4:

1234 1243 1324 1342 1423 1432
2134 2143 2314 2341 2413 2431
3124 3142 3214 3241 3412 3421
4123 4132 4213 4231 4312 4321
There are nine in the above list with all numbers out of place:
2143 2341 2413 3142 3412 3421 4123 4312 4321 2

19. The 6 faces of the cube are made up of 9 × 6 = 54 small squares,

of which 27 must be red, using as few red cubes as possible.
Start by placing 8 red cubes at the corners, contributing 24 red
squares to the surface area. We now need to have three more red
squares, so we place a red cube on one edge, between two red
corners, showing two red faces, and one red cube in the centre of
a face. This arrangement contributes the required 27 red squares
to the total face area, using 10 red cubes. 2

20. If the first two terms are a and b, the first ten terms of the sequence
are a, b, a + b, a + 2b, 2a + 3b, 3a + 5b, , 5a + 8b, 8a + 13b, 13a +
21b, 21a + 34b.
So we have the equations 2a + 3b = 27 (5th term) and 11a + 21b =
186 (ninth term) from which a = 3 and b = 7. The tenth term of
the sequence is 21a + 34b = 21 × 3 + 34 × 7 = 63 + 238 = 301. 2

21. There are 63 = 216 possible rolls of the die. If the first roll is n
there are n2 possibilities for the second and third rolls. Altogether
there are
62 + 52 + 42 + 32 + 22 + 12 = 36 + 25 + 16 + 9 + 4 + 1 = 91
possibilities for the second and third rolls being less than or equal
91
to the first roll, giving a probability of . 5
216
Solutions Grade 12 68

22. If the side of the triangle is a then

r 2r 4r
sin 60◦ = 1 = , and a = √ .
2a
a 3

√ √ √
3 2 3 4r
2 4r2 3
The area of the triangle is a = · √ = .
4 4 3 3 2

23. Knowing Heron’s Formula gives a quick

answer. The p area of a triangle with
sides a, b, c is s(s − a)(s − b)(s − c),
where s = 12 (a + b + c), the
“semiperimeter” of the triangle.
The 13-14-15 triangle has semiperime-
ter 1 (13 + 14 + √ 15) = 21 and area
√ 2
21 · 8 · 7 · 6 = 24 · 32 · 72 = 84.

A direct approach is to drop a perpendicular onto the side of

length 14.
With that side divided into lengths of a and 14 − a, we have two
expressions for h2 , giving 132 − a2 = 152 − (14 − a)2 , from which
we deduce that a = 5.
So the 13-14-15 triangle is divided into two Pythagorean triangles:
5-12-13 and 9-12-15, with total area 30 + 54 = 84. 3

24. Then P is the point of intersection of

the lines
y = x and x + 2y = 1, which intersect
at x = y = 31 .

1
So the area of M P D is 12 and the area of P BC is 31 ,
with ratio 1 : 4. 2
Solutions Grade 12 69

25. Let ∠A = x and ∠B = ∠C = y.

Then ∠P QA = x and ∠QP B =
∠QBP = 2x.

At Q we have x + (180◦ − 4x) + y = 180◦ , giving y = 3x.

So ∠A : ∠B : ∠C = 1 : 3 : 3. 4

26. If the terms of the geometric sequence are a, ar, ar2 , ar3 , then
a4 r6 = 729, giving a2 r3 = 27. In addition, a = a2 r3 , giving ar3 =
1. So d = 1. 1

27. cos2 40◦ − cos2 50◦ = cos2 40◦ − sin2 40◦ = cos 2(40◦ ) = cos 80◦ . 5

28. Multiplying 2022 successively by 1, 11, 111, 1111, 11111, 111111

etc gives the products
2022, 22242, 224442, 2246442, 22466442, 224666442,...
and the pattern soon becomes clear: to get the next product,
simply insert a 6 into the middle of the previous product.
The digit-sums of the products are 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36 ... and
the sum of the digits of the 2022th term is 6 × 2022 = 12132. 3

29. Let P be the probability that Ann wins. This probability can be
expressed as an infinite sum – the probability that she wins on her
first turn plus the probability that she wins on her second turn
plus the probability that she wins on her third turn and so on.
  
1 5 1 1 5 1 1
P = + × × + × × + ···
6 6 2 6 6 2 6
Notice that this can be rewritten as
1 5 1 2
P = + × ×P ⇒P = 5
6 6 2 7
Solutions Grade 12 70

30. Using radian measure for angles, the

area of sector B is 21 (θ − sin θ.)

So the shaded area A = π − 2B√ = π − (θ − sin θ) = (π − θ) + sin θ.

2π 3 π
Given that the area is + , it follows that θ = .
3 2 3
It follows that
√ the distance between the centres of the circle is
π
2 cos( 3 ) = 3. 3