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6 views

saira

Uploaded by

Tahir2 Siddiqui
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Title: Limitations and Properties of Cell Culture

• Your Name: Saira Naseem Nasar


• Roll No: 2023-bt-066
• Course Name: Cell Culture
• Date: 30-12-2024

Table of Contents :
1. Introduction
2. Properties of Cell Culture
• Growth Requirements
• Types of Cell Cultures
• Morphological and Functional Properties
• Genetic Stability
3. Limitations of Cell Culture
• Contamination Risks
• Limited Lifespan of Primary Cultures
• Loss of Original Characteristics
• Cost and Resource Requirements
• Ethical and Biological Challenges
4. Conclusion
5. References
Introduction :
Cell culture can be described as the culturing or growing of one or more
cells from live multi-cellular organisms in a particular setting usually
when these are artificially placed out of their typical habitats. It is
applied in the production of vaccines, research and development of
various cell therapies, as well as in other fields of medicine and
biotechnology. Nevertheless, cell culture has inherent difficulties, such
as the high costs of the process, great technical difficulties, and the
impossibility of recreating the conditions of the organism in vivo.
Knowledge of the properties and drawbacks of cell culture is crucial for
investigators to utilize this approach at its best and to manage its
drawbacks successfully.
The properties of cell culture include :
1. Growth Requirements
• Nutritional Needs: Cells should be placed in a nutrient
solution containing amino acids, vitamins and different salts, glucose,
serum if necessary.
• Physical Environment: Temperature — usually 37℃ or
98.6℉, partial pressure of CO₂ — 5%, and humidity are critical for cells.
• Sterile Conditions: Contamination issues remain an
important problem due to which special attention must be paid to use
of aseptic conditions to guarantee cell growth.
2. Types of Cell Cultures
• Primary Cell Cultures: As islands of cells derived from the
tissues, they resemble the parent tissues in the ultrastructural
organization but have a finite lifetime.
• Secondary Cell Cultures: These cells are obtained from
primary cultures and have received subculturing, with enhanced
lifespan but modified properties.
Continuous Cell Lines: These are cells that divide and replicate to a
limitless extent and are used commonly in all areas of research
especially cancer research.
3. Phylogenetic Features
• Morphology: Cells in culture thus take certain shapes:
epithelial, fibroblast like or lymphoblast like depending on the organ of
origin.
• Functionality: Most cells continue hold their original
capabilities including secretion of hormones, manufacture of enzymes,
or electrical conduction.• In the long term, culturing effects genetic drift
or mutations and this can affect research results if the cell line is
continuous..g., HeLa cells).
3. Morphological and Functional Properties
• Morphology: Cells in culture exhibit specific shapes—
epithelial-like, fibroblast-like, or lymphoblast-like—depending on their
origin.
• Functionality: Many cells retain their ability to perform
specialized functions such as hormone secretion, enzyme production, or
electrical signaling.
4. Genetic Stability
• Over time, prolonged culturing can lead to genetic drift or
mutations, especially in continuous cell lines, potentially altering
research outcomes.
Limitations of Cell Culture :
1. Contamination Risks
• Microbial Contamination: Bacteria, fungi, viruses, and
mycoplasma are common threats. Regular screening and strict aseptic
conditions are essential.
• Cross-Contamination: Mixing of cell lines can occur, leading
to compromised results.
2. Limited Lifespan of Primary Cultures
• Primary cells have a finite number of divisions (Hayflick limit)
before undergoing senescence, restricting their long-term usability.
3. Loss of Original Characteristics
• Continuous culturing can cause cells to lose their original
tissue-specific properties, reducing their relevance in translational
research.
4. Cost and Resource Requirements
• Maintaining cell cultures requires expensive equipment (e.g.,
incubators, biosafety cabinets) and consumables.
• Skilled personnel and time-intensive procedures add to the
overall cost.
5. Ethical and Biological Problems• Animal derived products
such as fetal bovine serum (FBS) should be avoided due to the many
different moral issues.nd are widely used in research, particularly
cancer studies (e.g., HeLa cells).
Conclusion :
Tissue culture is one of the most important techniques that have
advanced biological sciences as well as the medical sciences. Some of
these attributes include controllability and repeatable nature which
make it essential in understanding cell action and for the emergence of
a therapy type. Nonetheless, restrictions like contamination risks, high
costs, and disinability to model in vivo systems completely call for
development in this particular field continually. If these issues are
resolved, beneficial opportunities are brought to cell culture, as well as
proper ethical and scientific means are provided.

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