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Unit 1 Numerical Method 1(1)

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15 views

Unit 1 Numerical Method 1(1)

Uploaded by

sweetcharm019
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NUMERICAL

METHODS-1
Dr. A. K. Malik
Associate Professor, Department of ASH (Mathematics)
B K Birla Institute of Engineering & Technology, Pilani
(Rajasthan)
Email: [email protected]
FINITE DIFFERENCES
Let y = f(x) be a function of x, the value of
independent variable x(x0, x1,,……xn) are called
arguments and corresponding values of dependent
variable y(y0, y1,,……yn) are called entries.
To find the values of y and dy/dx, for some
intermediate value of x, is based on principle of
finite difference.
OPERATORS
OPERATORS
OPERATORS
OPERATORS
RELATION BETWEEN OPERATORS
RELATION BETWEEN OPERATORS
RELATION BETWEEN OPERATORS
RELATION BETWEEN OPERATORS
RELATION BETWEEN OPERATORS
SOLVED PROBLEMS
SOLVED PROBLEMS
SOLVED PROBLEMS
SOLVED PROBLEMS
FUNDAMENTAL THEOREM OF THE
DIFFERENCE CALCULUS

If f(x)= a0+a1x+…………..+anxn is a
polynomial of nth degree in x, then the
nth difference of f(x) is
∆n f(x) =n! anhn
and ∆n+1 f(x) = 0.
SOLVED PROBLEMS
SOLVED PROBLEMS
SOLVED PROBLEMS
SOLVED PROBLEMS
UNSOLVED PROBLEMS
TO FIND ONE MISSING TERM
Method:1. Let one value of f(x) be missing from the
set of (n+1) values (i.e., n values are given) of x, the
values of x being equidistant. Suppose the unknown
value be X. Now construct the difference table.
We can ensure y= f(x) to be a polynomial of degree
(n1) in x, since n values of y are given. Now
equating to zero the nth difference, we get the value
of x.
SOLVED PROBLEMS
TO FIND ONE MISSING TERM
Method-2. Let one value of f(x) be missing from the set of
(n+1) values (i.e., n values are given) of x, the values of x
being equidistant. Then we can assume y=f(x) to be a
polynomial of degree (n-1) in x, so nf(x)=0 or (E-I)n f(x)= 0
or (En - nC1En-1 + nC2 En-2- …. + (-1)n I) f (x) = 0
or En f(x) - nC1En-1 f(x) + nC2En-2 f(x) - …. + (-1)n f(x) = 0
or f(x+nh) - nC1f(x+ (n-1)h) + nC2 f(x+(n-2)h) - ……
……….+ (-1)n f(x)=0 …(1)
if x=x0 is the first value of x then putting x = x0 in (1) and
solving we get the missing term.
SOLVED PROBLEMS
SOLVED PROBLEMS
TO FIND TWO MISSING TERMS
Suppose two value X1 and X2 of f(x) be missing from the set
of (n+2) values (i.e., n values are given) of x, the values of x
being equidistant. Then, we can assume y=f(x) be a
polynomial of degree (n-1) in x, so n f (x) = 0
or f(x+nh) - nC1f(x+(n-1) h) + nC2 f(x+(n-2)h) - …………
+ (-1)n f(x)=0 …(2)
If x=x0 is the first value of x then putting x = x0, and x = x1
successively in (2), we get two equation in missing X1 and X2.
On solving we get X1 and X2.
SOLVED PROBLEMS
Thank You

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