TEACHING

PROFESSION
 MEANING OF TEACHING
1. Teaching is an intimate contact between a more mature personality and a less
mature one which is designed to further the education of the latter. - H.C.
Morrison (1934)
2. Teaching is defined as an interactive process, primarily involving classroom
talk, which takes place between teacher and pupil and occurs during certain
definable activities. - Edmund Amidon (1967)

3. Teaching is a system of actions involving an agent, an end in view, and a

situation, including two sets of factors - those over which the agent has no
control (class size, size of classroom, physical characteristics of pupil etc.) and
those that he can modify such as a way of asking questions or ideas gleaned. -
B.O.: Smith (1969)
4. Teaching is a task of a teacher, which is performed for the development of a
child. -T.F. Greens (1971)

5. Teaching is the process that facilitates learning. The teacher has an important
role to play because he acts as a catalyst, actively stimulating learning. - Farrant
(1980)

6. Teaching is a cluster of activities that are noted about teachers such as

explaining, deducing, questioning, motivating, taking attendance, keeping record
of works, learners' progress and background information. - G. Wells (1982).
 THE CONCEPT OF TEACHING
(SALANDANAN)
Could be defined in a number of ways depending on a crucial goal of teaching
that is considered worth pursuing. 
Indicates an acceptance of a mission to provide the necessary nurturance and
love for children; to pursue value formation in order to raise morally upright
children. 
An aggregate of “organized strategic methodologies” aimed to produce a desired
learning outcome.  A dynamic activity which needs careful analysis of how the
learning variables interrelate with one another. 
It is a lifelong mission characterized by a culture of committed service to children,
adults and the community.
DIMENSIONS OF
THE TEACHING
PROFESSION
 1. THE WHY OF TEACHING
(ENTERING THE PROFESSION).
The reasons for choosing teaching as a career are diverse, ranging from the most
sublime to the most superfluous

Understanding the "why of teaching" is important among pre-service teachers as it

gives them a point of reflection on the very purpose of entering the teaching
profession.
 2. THE WHO OF TEACHING
(LEARNERS)
Learners are the reasons for the existence of teachers, schools, and
school administrators. Without learners, none of these would exist.

They are considered the center of teaching, the main actor of learning,
and the heart of all educational tasks.
 3. THE WHEN OF TEACHING
(EVOLUTION OF TEACHER EDUCATION IN THE PHILIPPINES)

Teaching is an evolving profession. It has its early beginning and it is

continually changing across time. The 21st century presents a different social
landscape for learners and this necessitates changing the mindset of pre-
service teachers in determining what to teach, how to teach, and where to
teach.
4. THE HOW OF TEACHING
(PEDAGOGY)
Teachers are required to find means and
ways to enhance learners' learning.
 5. THE WHAT OF TEACHING
(CURRICULUM)
The curriculum constitutes the educational content, goals, and intended
outcomes as well as competencies to be taught and developed among the
learners.
This curriculum ultimately defines what the learners should learn, how they
will learn it, and why they have to learn it.
 6. THE WHERE OF TEACHING
(FIELD PLACEMENT)
The place for teaching and learning is evolving. Teaching no longer takes
place under one roof or done through a face-to-face encounter between
teachers and learners.

Today, classrooms are structured differently equipped with the most recent
and sophisticated technology.
METAPHORS /
VIEWOF
TEACHING
Teaching as
1. AN ART
2. A SCIENCE
3. A CRAFT
4. A MISSION
5. A VOCATION
6. A PROFESSION
 Teaching as an Art
Signifies the way a teacher expresses her emotions and communicates her feelings
through her teaching chores.
Teaching is a conglomeration of one’s talent, skill and expertise in reaching out and
enriching the children’s lives.
Teaching aims to achieve an enjoyable and fruitful learning depending on the
teachers’ attributes, craft and finesse in developing their knowledge base.
A skillful teacher exudes a caring, compassionate and creative approach that makes
teaching a masterful act of touching the children’s hearts and minds.
 Teaching as an Art

According to Elliot Eisner (2005), there are four (4) reasons that make teaching as an
art, to wit:
1. Teaching is an art because it can be performed with such skill and grace that, for
learners as for the teacher, the experience can be justifiably characterized as
aesthetic.
2. Teaching is an art because teachers, like the painters, composers, etc., make
judgments based on qualities that unfold during the course of action.
3. Teaching is an art because the teacher's activity is not dominated by prescriptions
or routine, but is influenced by qualities and contingencies that are unpredicted.
4. Teaching is an art in the sense that the ends it achieves are often created in the
process.
 Teaching as a Science

Teaching seeks the application of a scientific attitude and methodology in deciding

about strategies to employ, instructional materials to use and other best teaching
practices to adopt.
Guided by a scientific procedure, teaching is regarded as a “Practical, consistent
way of modeling a virtuous, trustworthy and humble scientist works in raising the
ethical standards of the profession”.
 Teaching as a Craft

Teachers are like conductors of a symphony who combine the science of learning
and the art of teaching through their creativity and talent.

They study theories of human development, learning, pedagogy, classroom

management, communication, and relationships, among others, in order to
connect meaningfully with the learners.

Teaching is also a craft-profession because teachers possess specialized

techniques in applying the rules governing the application of the theories of
knowledge and the psychology of learning and teaching.
 Teaching as a Mission
The word mission, in its verb tense, means "to send" as it comes from the Latin
word "misio".
Teaching implies that you are sent to do an assigned task to be faithfully
accomplished.
Your response to the call to be a teacher means your mission is to teach. You are
therefore called for a purpose, which is to teach, a mission that you have to
accomplish.
To become an effective teacher, you’ve got to prepare for it. o As a teacher, you
are to influence every child entrusted in your care to become better and happier.
 Teaching as a Vocation

The word "vocation" is synonymous with "summon" as it comes from the Latin
word "vocare" which means "to call".
Teaching is a call to do something and the call is always to serve. o Since it is a call,
there must be a caller and someone who is called.
Your being part of the Teacher Education Department is a manifestation that you
answered the call to teach despite you never dreamt of becoming a teacher.
Teachers who positively responded to their calling perceive teaching as a lifetime
commitment. In effect, they teach with passion and touch lives through the years.
 Teaching as a Profession

Profession commonly refers to one’s occupation, job or specialty. It has defined

.
goals and from its performance one derives self-fulfillment.
Teaching is considered a profession it its choice is motivated by any of the
following:  Pursued to achieve a goal, objective or purpose
Involves direction, borne by proper planning.
Provides opportunities for self-fulfillment and enhances self-esteem
Allows expression of love, care and compassion for children
Contributes to one’s growth and advancement
Provides job security
 Profession—a vocation or occupation
. requiring advanced education and
training and involving intellectual skills. The work is based on unique
knowledge and skills grounded in research and practice in the field.

Professional— has completed higher education, usually at the advanced

level, and engages in and is worthy of the high standards of a profession.

Professions and Professionals answer to a written code of ethics.

 Characteristics of a Profession
All professions, irrespective of their pay, status, and societal role, share common
characteristics. A profession has four (4) characteristics, namely:

1. Professional autonomy
2. Highly developed theoretical or specialized knowledge
3. Control of Training, certification and licensing of new entrants
4. Self-governing and self-policing authority, especially with regard to professional
ethics
 Proofs that Teaching is a Profession
in the Philippines
1. They passed the licensure examination. for the profession called Board Licensure
Examination for Professional Teachers (BLEPT);
2. They are members of an Accredited Professional Organization (APO) in the country.
Specifically, teachers are members of the National Organization of Professional Teachers
(NOPT);
3. Teachers undergo Continuing Professional Development (CPD) by attending or
participating in professional development activities like seminars, workshops, P R E L I M 15
conferences, and other activities that enhance their skills and knowledge in their profession;
and
4. Teachers abide by the code of ethics of their profession called the Code of Ethics for
Professional Teachers
 A professional should:

.
WORK in a collegial manner with colleagues
ASSOCIATE with and learn from positive mentors
JOIN a professional organization
CONTINUE TO LEARN through classes, workshops, conferences, in-service meetings,
books, journals, tapes, and advanced degrees.
Other elements of a profession (Bilbao, et. al 2018)

.
Initial Professional Education. Professionals must complete a university program in a
particular field. Hence, becoming a professional takes long and arduous years of
preparation.
Accreditation. In the Philippines, graduates must ensure that they complete their
university program from a recognized higher education institution by the Commission
on Higher education (CHED) as this is used as an indicator that they meet the national
standards.
Licensing. In the Philippines, this is mandatory and is administered by the Professional
Regulation Commission (PRC).
Other elements of a profession (Bilbao, et. al 2018)

Professional Development. A professional . must continue to improve or enhance

his/her knowledge and skills. In the Philippines, it is known as Continuing Professional
Development as mandated by RA 10912 (CPD Act of 2016).
Professional Societies. Professionals must advance their career by being part of a
professional organization.
Code of Ethics. Professionals should abide by the provisions of the code of ethics in
their profession. Violation of the code of ethics means expulsion from their
membership in the professional societies and revocation of licenses to practice their
profession.
 THE NATURE OF TEACHING
1. A demanding profession
.

Demands on the teacher’s teaching skills and personal qualities.

Calls for a facilitator of learning and a nurturer of learners.
Needs a leader, administrator, manager, decision maker, instructional material
developers and instant researchers
Needs to establish a smooth relationship with parents and other members of the
community
 THE NATURE OF TEACHING
2. Teachers play an important role
.

Unwavering commitment and loyalty to the profession

Adheres to ethical and moral standards elicited through a code

Requires impeccable integrity, honesty and sincerity to make them worthy of

emulation by students, co-workers and professionals

 THE NATURE OF TEACHING
3. Teaching affords unique teaching experiences
.
Requires readiness to face a class as a group while attending to individual needs of

students

Satisfies cognitive and affective objectives in every class.

Strives to make daily sessions exciting and enjoyable.

Rewards come in the form of winning

 THE TRIAD OF TEACHING
1. The teacher
.
The teacher is the critical “thread that ties” the learner to the lifelong search for

knowledge. The teacher lays the groundwork by initially establishing a conducive

learning environment, selects appropriate subject matter and matches it with a well-

designed plan to achieve a desired learning goal. The teacher possesses essential

teaching skills and is infused with a deep commitment to invest timeless effort in

fostering a continued sharpening and maturing of children’s minds.

 THE TRIAD OF TEACHING
2. The student
.
Teaching happens because there is a student. Needs, interests and abilities deserve

prime consideration if teaching is to occur smoothly and creatively.

3. The content

The subject matter to be learned- and the appropriate teaching methodology are

important concerns. Teachers can utilize varied strategies- one strategy may work for

one class but may not yield the same result with another.
 Luring Factors of Teaching as a Profession
The attractions of teaching as a profession can be manifold. The major luring factors of
. Langton (2006) as follows:
teaching profession are outlined by Hall and

1. INFLUENCE/IMPORTANCE TO LEARNERS
2. JOB SECURITY
3. WIDER JOB OPPORTUNITIES OFFERED
4. DIVERSITY OF ACTIVITIES
5. LONG HOLIDAYS
6. SHORTER HOURS OF WORK

Teachers make all other professions possible." No one has become a doctor,
accountant, engineer and the like without having been taught by a teacher. Teachers
must therefore feel proud of their chosen profession as they play a great role in
molding individuals and in developing human resources of the country.
 Hallmarks of the Teaching Profession
There are many factors that make teachers to be happy as teachers. These factors are
.
the reasons for staying longer in their profession and they are as follows:

1. ABILITY TO MAKE A DIFFERENCE IN THE LIVES OF LEARNERS

2. JOY OF WORKING WITH LEARNERS
3. WATCHING LEARNERS RISE TO THE CHALLENGE OF THE SUBJECTS
4. THE JOY OF WORKING WITH PEOPLE IN GENERAL AND YOUTH IN PARTICULAR
5. LOVE OF THE SUBJECT MATTER
 Factors Undermining the Status of Teaching
Profession in the Philippines
The most successful professions achieve high status, public prestige, and rewards for their members.
Sadly, teachers are experiencing many limitations . and threats to their profession. These factors
usually undermine the teaching as a profession. These factors are as follows:

1. LOW PAY
2. LACK OF AUTHORITY/LEARNER BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS
3. TEACHERS' LACK OF CONTROL OVER WORKPLACE
4. INTEFERENCE OF OTHER STAKEHOLDERS IN SCHOOLS
5. STRESS
6. MULTIPLICITY OF TEACHER ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
7. TEACHER MORALE
 The Five (5) Pillars of Learning in the 21st Century
How could we create educational environments that are able to provide learning opportunities that
are authentic, relevant, integrative and more relevant for the 21st Century?UNESCO’S Education for
Sustainable Development Initiative (2012) presented a conceptual framework for ongoing, lifelong
.
learning . This model organizes learning into the following five pillars:

1) Learning to Know – the development of skills and knowledge needed to function in this world
e.g. formal acquisition of literacy, numeracy, critical thinking and general knowledge.

2) Learning to Do – the acquisition of applied skills linked to professional success.

3) Learning to Live Together – the development of social skills and values such as respect and
concern for others, and the appreciation of cultural diversity.
 The Five (5) Pillars of Learning in the 21st Century
How could we create educational environments that are able to provide learning opportunities that
are authentic, relevant, integrative and more relevant for the 21st Century?UNESCO’S Education for
.
Sustainable Development Initiative (2012) presented a conceptual framework for ongoing, lifelong
learning . This model organizes learning into the following five pillars:

4) Learning to BE – the learning that contributes to a person’s mind, body, and spirit. Skills include
creativity and personal discovery, acquired through reading, the Internet, and activities such as
sports and arts.
5) Learning to Transform Oneself and Society – when individuals and groups gain knowledge,
develop skills, and acquire new values as a result of learning, they are equipped with tools and
mindsets for creating lasting change in organizations, communities, and societies.