-- ◄

7
_ •Forest Resources, Wildlife Conservation, • : . • I

Environment and Biodiversity in Rajasthan

Fort.',t Rt.'sourrt.'s

:> According to.the Forest. Survey of India, Dehradun , +, Total Recorded forest Area of the state-
Rajasthan covers an area of 3,42,239 sq km between 32862.60 sq km.
23°4'N to 30°ll'N latitude and 69°29'E to 78°17' E • Forest land recorded against total geographical
. longitude. It ~ the ~argest state in India in terms of area of the state - 9.60%
geographi~ ~ State has the forest cover of 9.60 • Total for~ cover of the state - 16630 sq km.
per: ~ _of ·the geographical area. and ranks 15th in • Forest cover under recorded forest
• tenns of recorded forest area
(RFA).· .
= The s~ has reported ~tent,of recorded forest area
. (R!~) 32,737 sq km _which is· 9.60 % of its
.. •
- 12282 sq km.
Forest' outsi4e of the recorded ~ 4348 sq km.
• geographi~~~. • ·• Tree cover of ~e ·state - 8112 sq km.
~ r-✓,,,__//w:"j , '·Q ...~.,,.·.,.·....., -• • 4.,1,.G•:--'. ••• /. "·/,..<1.,',: ·• Total forest cover and tree cover of the state
7/i1/,~ i,-Of~('~D~t:JC}~ ~t"~:.. ~~~~~J.:;/'1),,~l:!., - 24742 sq km.
• Total geographical are~- of the state- • • ~@rcent ofgeographical areaof the state - 7.23%
, - : ·• • 3,42°,239 sq km. • Average per capita forest cover and tree cover
• Total for:est ~ of the state-.32,862.SO sq km. __per person - 0.036 hectares
• The forest cover pet cenr-0f total geographical
area. - 9.60
-~ . The forest cover of total geographical area
-16,630 sq km. _:> Total 'recorded forest area of the state is 32845 .30 sq
• The total Tree cover - ~,112 sq km. knt In a~rdance with the provisions of Rajasthan
•· Forest cover and ~-~ve~ - ~,74~ ~q km. Forest Act, 1953, the said forest area has been
• State animal - Gazelle and Camel • •classified as follows in statutory terms: .
' .State ,Bird .- Great lndi~ b:iastard
• State -~r~ - P~o•opi~ .~nerai,a (Khejri)
. . ~- S~ Flower - Robida (Tecomel~ undulata)
. -~ Nati~ park -3 l. Reserve Forest 12176.24 37.05
'• Wi~fe Sanctuary · - 27 2 Protected Forest . 18543.22 56.43
.• ..: • Tiger Projects - 3 ~tb~bore, Sari1ka and 3. Unclassed Forest 2143.04 • 6.52
.. ..
Mulwndara fills) 1btal 32862.50 10U
..• ~ Site - • 2 (Keoladeo National 1_. Reserved Forest
. park and Sambhar L-"e)
·• Protected Area (Conse~ation Reserve-14) :> •These forests are ~ovemment property and there is.a
·• Total Territorial . complete ban on deforestation and animal grazing JJl
,• . J)iyisions• • . 38 I ·-
these areas. Such forests are extended on 37.0S per
.. ., • • ..Wildlife Divisiori
,.,,.. - 16 cent of the total forest cover in the State.
 -
Rajasthan : Geography, History, Art & Culture 7S
2. Protected Forest (i) Dry Teak Forests
Such forests are also under Government control but • These forests arc also known as 'monsoon or
controlled deforestation and cattle feed is allowed in broad leaf forests. These forests are found in the
these forests. Such forests are found on 56.43 per rainfcd area of 15 cm to 11 O cm.
cent of the total forest cover of the State. • The form ofDry Teak in Rajasthan arc mainly found
J. Unclassified Forests in Banswara, Dungarpur, Chittorprh, Udaipur.
:, There is no government control over \\'000 cutting and These forests are 1°/4 of the entire forest area.
grazing in these forests. 6.52 per cent of the forest • These forests are found in areas of 250 to 450
cover of the State falls under this category. metress height
[ Oauilication offo~ (In thecontext of R:ajas~ I
an} (ii) Salar Forest
:> Well-organized and valid classification offorests in the • These forests.arc found in hilly arc~ ofheight more
• • ' J ' ...

than 450 metress. .• ) ,

State was first done by Dr. V. C. Mishra, who divided
the foccsts of the state into seven parts: • • These forests ~ ~xtcndcd ~-,AJ~ir, Chittorgar~
(i) Dry or Indigenous teak forests (Main Banswara) Udaipur~ Sirohi, Ajmer districts in the State.
(ii) Broad leaf fonm • These forests are found in areas with rainfall of 50
(South-F.ast Aravalli and adjoining parts) cm to 100 cm.
(m) Mixed deciduous forests (from Sirohi to Bundi east) • The major trees of these forests arc Salar, Dhauk,
(iv) Salar Forest Kathirah and Dhawad. The Salar tree is a good
. (v) Riverine Forest source of gond. Its wood is ·used in making of
(vi) Tropical thorny bush forests packaging boxes. •
(vu) Subtropical Evergreen Forest (iii) Bamboo Forests
:> Due to the diversity of surface nature, climate and • They have been named bamboo forests d_ue to the
soils, Rajasthan has the following types of forests
geographically:
abundance of bamboo.
(A) Tropical thorny Forest • These forests are expanded in the abundant rainfed
(B) Tropical Dry Deciduous Forests -areas of Rajasthan.
(C) Subtropical Mountain Forests • The bamboo forest area ·are mainly Mount Abu,
(A) Tropical Thorny Forest Udaipur and Banswara districts in Rajasthan.
:> Such forests are found in western desert dry and • Bamboo is used.tQ •.make roofs, baskets, cots.
. (iv) Forests of Dhauk .
semi-arid regions.
= These forests are mainly found in Jaisalmer, Banner,
Jodbpur, Pali, Bikaner, Churu, Nagaur, Sikar, .JhuqJburw ~-
• The forests ofDhauk are fuund in a very laiie an-a of
Rajasthan. It is found oo 500/o of the ~ oovcr of~
= These forests have very small size trees
in small shrubs. - --
and
•
are nch State. (The geographical envirannm of all arms of
Rajasdatexceptdmertareas is favauablc forthis fon:st.)
= Trees ofKhejri,
in these forests.
Robida, Bair, Ka.ir, Thor etc .. are found • Rajasthan has.the highest expansion ofthese forests.
• In Rajasthan, these forests are-more commonly
= Phog, Aakada, Kair, Lana, Arna and Jharber are the· found between the hei:ght of 240 and 760 metres.
• These forests are ·mainly in Kota, Bundi, Sawai
major shrubs of this region.
= Seven and Obama.n
Dhamann grass is
o
very
grass
useful
are
for
found
milch
i~ this
animals
ar~.
while
Madhopur, Jaipur, Alwar,' Ajmcr, Udaipur,
Rajsamand and Chittorgarh 'districts in the state.
seven grass is nutritious for all animals. • • Dhauk wood is very strong and is burnt to·makc coal.
(B) Tropical Dry Decidu ous Forests (v) Forests of Palash (Dhak)
= These forest are found in rainfcd areas of 50 t~ 100
cm. These forests are found in abundan~ m the
• The.scientific name ofDhak is Butea Monospc,nna.
Dhak 'is also known as the 'flame of the forest'.
• This forest is spread over areas where the surface
central, south and south-eastern parts of RaJasthan.
= Due to the diversity of different types of trees, ere
are many type of forests which are as follows:-
th is hard and rocky. They are found in abundance, in
the middle of the hills where there is a plateau surfnco.
 I

-
Rl)llthan : Geography, History, Art & Culture 7G
• The Dhak forest area in Rajasthan is 1.5%. They centres arc in Jaipur, Ajmer, Kata, Tonk, Bhilwara,
are spread over Alwar, Ajmcr, .Sirohi, Udaipur, Jhalawar, Pali etc.
Pali, Rajsamand and Chittorgarh. 3. Wood and coal/orfuel:- Dhokada is most cornmonty
• The dhak ~ is used to· make disposable plates used in firewood, from which coal is also made
and bowls. . . Trees like kair , kekar, acacia, fona, khejra etc. •
(vi) ,Forests of Khair In addition to the kind of wood that is available, they
• The scientific name. of Khair is Acacia catechu. are used by the local people for fuel.
• ~ extemion ofthese forests is in the southern plateai1 4. Bamboo:- Bamboo is available in Banswara, Udaipur
of Rajasthan. This includes areas of Jhalawar, Kota, Chittorgarh, Sirohi and Bharatpur districts of the State'.
Took, Udaipur, Chittorgarh, Alwar districts. The 5. Grass, Khus, Mahua
forest cover of Kbair in Rajasthan is 3.00/o. The tree • A variety of grass grows naturally in the State
is used to make katha. Katha in Rajasthan is made which are used for making ropes, brooms, etc.~
fnm handi system. Katha is mainly produced in addition to cattle feed.
Udaipur, Chittorgarh and Jhalawar districts. • •Khus is also a type of grass, which has fragrance
(vii) Babool/Acacia Forests its oil is extracted and honeycombs are made, which
• These forests are found in districts like Ganganagar, are used to keep the r~ms cool. ]t is especially
Bikaner, Nagaur, Jalore, Alwar, Bhatarpur etc. In p~oduced in Bharatpur, Sawai Madhopur and
districts where the moisture is low on the ground, Tonk districts.
the quantity of~ is low. Their density increases • Mahua is abundant in Dungarpur, Banswara
in areas with high moisture content.. Udaipur, Chittorgarh and Jhalawar districts. Th;
(viii) Mixed deciduous . _ fruit obtained from this tree is used to make oil and
wine. Bhil tribe ofsouthern Rajasthan uses it more.
• The$C fQ~ are found. in the southern hilly areas
• . Sevan grass is found in Jaisalmer, Barmer districts
. of the~- It i$ mainly_found in Sirohi, Udaipur,
and desert nationalpark area.
Rajsamand, Chitto~ Kotaand Baran districts. 6. Gond, Katha and Lakh
(C) Subtropical Forest . • Gond (Gum), Katha and Lakhs are prominent
= In Rajasthan, such forests are found only in· Abu hilly
areas. Evergreen and semi-evergreen vegetation is found
among the produce obtained from forests. Gond is
obtained from many trees like khejra, acacia, dhak,
in these forests. The condensation of trees is high here neem, peepal etc.
therefore, these forests remain green throughout the vear. • Recently, !fie Marn Research Centre (Central Arid
=· These forests are found to be less tlian half ofthe ~otal
forest cover of the· State.
Zone Researc~ Institute) in Jodhpur has identified
!rees from which more gum can be obtained. Gond
1s exported from the state.
• Chauhatan (Banner) area in the state is famous
= employment
About 50,000 people dire~ly and indirectly get
from the state forests and the state earns
for gond production.
• ~ is produced in Udaipur, Chittorgarh, Jhalawar,
more than 10 crore rupees armually. The following main Bundi, Bharatpur and Jaipur districts. Rajasthan I
yields are obtained from the forests of Rajasthan: pr~uces about 350 tons of Katha every year.
7• Medldnal Plants:- Jodhpur Centre of Survey of India
1. limber :- Wood of Saagwan (teak), salar, dhokada,
shisham, acacia etc. is used in the state·for making h a s ~ more than 200 such plants which are possible
furniture and other uses. About 12% 'of the state's for medicinal use. Other material obtained from forests
forests are teak and 6% are sa1ar trees, from which are amla, kair, honey, wax, ber and many root cultivati~-
about 28 1akh ft. of wood is used every year. Shisham 1/. Major Trees' I
(indian rosewood) wood is predominantly available in
the area of Ganganagar and Saagwan in Banswara, (A) Khejri :- It is also known as Kalpa tree of desert.
Dungarpur, Chittorgarh, Udaipur districts. The pods of this arc called 'sangri' and leaves are
2. Tendu Leaf:- .Tendu leaf is used to make beedi. call~ 'loo~•. _Another name for the Khejri tree is
Tendu trees are abundant in Jhalawar, Kota, Bundi, Shami, which 1s also known as 'Chhokada' in Sindhi,
Udaipur, ChittoJB~h. The major beedi manufacturing 'Janti' in Punjabi-Haryanvi , 'Badhvi' in Kannada and

L
 RaJasthan : Geography, History, Art & Culture 77
'Pemayya' in Tanul. Its scientific name is "Prosopis found in the Sawai madhopur, Karaul~ Bharatpur,
cinereria". The khejri tree was declared the 'State Alwar, Bundi and Chittorgarh districts
Tree of Rajasthan' on October 31, 1983.
(B) Dbak/Palasb :- It is also known as 'Flame of forest' : ~J~t;~ rass ~
as they are red and ye11ow in colour. (A) Seven Grus :-This 8J'Us is a nutritious grass found in
(C) Mabua :- This tree is called 'Kalpa Tree ofTribals'. Its north-wost of Jaisalmcr. This grass is mainly found in the
fruits arc used to extract oil and make indigenous liquor. lathi series area. The nickname of this grass is Liloo.
(D) Robida :- It is also known as 'Teak of desert' and It is the favourite grass of Rathi, Tharparkar, cow and
'Marwar Teak', 'Marushobha of Rajasthan'. Robida sheep.
was declared the state flower of Rajasthan in 1983. (B) Dhamann Grus:- ltgrows inBanswara, Dungarpur
(E) Jatropba Curcas/Ratanjota :- It is a plant found in and Udaipur. This grass is very effective in eliminating
Rajasthan from which biodicscl is produced. The diabetes.
wangad and Baran areas of its plantation have been (C) Dub Grass :- Daab (Darbha) is a tropical grass
selected and the state's first bio-fuel plant has been considered a sacred material in Vedic scriptures. On
set up at Kadalwas (Udaipur). the occasion of eclipse, it is kept in the houses to avoid
(F) Jojoba/Hohoba:- It is native American plant which the side effects of sutak.
was brought from Israel to Rajasthan. It is useful in (D) Khus Grass :- This grass is found in Savvai-Madhopur,
the manufacture of airplane fuel and cosmetics. Two Bharatpur and Tonk. It produces sharbat, perfume and
farms (Dhandh- Jaipur and Fatehpur- Sikar) have been aromatic oils.
set up for this purpose. (E) Bur :- It is an aromatic grass founci'in the desert area
(G) Bamboo:- Bamboo trees are mainly found in Banswara, (mainly Bikaner). Sub species.:. Olaveri, Sugani.
Udaipur and Chittorgarh districts. (F) Karad :- It is the best green grass for animals.
(H) Dhaukada:- Its botanical name is 'Anojis Pandula'. It (G) Anjan :- Anjan grass is a most important perennial
is found in 50°/o ofthe forest cover ofthe state. Mainly • grass, suitable for cows and horses.

·Forest,ar.ea,,of l.taj~si~a~,~.
=District-wise classification of forest area in the state of Rajastban as on December 31, 2020
(Forest Department or Report Rajasthan Government 2020-21)
s. Name of
<
. Reserve .
~· .... · - ~., .·P rotecte,d/J~ ~~( . • Urielassified ~ · · ~ ~X·Tofaf~': ;,..,._,.,,,_-;f/. '1'
'
, •- • '" .,,. /'1 :~v
#I, ,..,-: ~
& ""'

No. ('District .-
, ,: , , ,. , ./ / !~cf

/
•.<F;~1.e,~7 ., , "'.: _F;ores~",·J''.i'.#.
. , - ,.;
:
.;<
f
·,1 F~.r,est . ·1&-f~: ;_,,. Forest Lan<!/ ./ . ,~-~
1. Ajmer 194.99 421.69 1.89 618.57
- - - --- ._ ----·-- ---·---- -·-- - - ----•-•·--
2. Bhilwara 437.80 273.71 67.55 779.06
3. Nagaur 0.80 206.28 35.32 242.40
4. Tonk I
101.42 233.76 1.77 336.94
5. Bikaner 0.00 755.26 495.41(1) 1250.67
6. Churn 7.20 48.58 17.96 73.73 •
7. Srigangartagar 0.00 238.42 395.02 (II) 633.44
8. Hanwnangarh 0.00 113.37 126.09 239.46
-
9. Bharatpur 0.00 422.46 12.49 434.94
10. Dholpur 7.92 597.73 44.03 649.68
-
11. Karauli 1693 .13 (II) 53.93
- 62.99
- 118.16 22.01
1810.05
975.00
- 12. Sawai Madhopur 834.79
5.48
13. Jaipur 672.97 263.40 . 941.85
-- I
-

Rajasthan : Geography, History, Art & Culture ,,

0.00 405.36
14. Jhunjhunu 6.02 399.33
9.22 641.54
15. Sikar 9.92 622.40
640.33 133.55 1784.66
16. Alwar 1010. 78 (III)
134.87 --749-.36- - - · 0.36 284.59
17. Dausa
184.99 55.46 245.13
18. Jodhpur 4.68
568.81 36.87 625.98
19. Banner 20.30
-- -- - 342.17 (Ill) 582.01
20. Jaisa1mer 0.00 302.22
126.13 299.97 83.89 511.44
21. Jalo~
816.56 144.82 2.21 963.58
22. Pali ..
. 614.04 985.43 42.61 1642.08
23. Sirohi
837.63 452.58 77.38 1367.59
24. Kota
().00 2233.03 (I) 15.82 2248. 84 (II)
25. Baran --··
26. Bundi 867.76· 680.85 19.25 1567;86
27. Jhalawar •• -314.72 946.60 25.39 1286.72
28. Udaipµr, 2654.06 1494.65 (Ill) 13.21 4161.92 (I)
29. Banswara 0.00 1006.33 0.66 1007.00
30. Chittorgaih 1200.73 587.11 0.75 1788.61 (IV)
31. Dungarpur 257.08 435.71 · 0.51 693.30
32. Pratapgarh ·102.66 • 963.65· 0.62 1666.92
33. Rajsamand . - 277.41 .. 119.20 • 4.98 401.58
Total 12176.24 18543.22 2143.04 32862.50
= As per Rajasthan government report, the :highest forest land ~s _found in Udaipur (4161.92 sq. km) and minimum
.-

forest-land.Chum (73;73 sq. Ian) district.

,, ,- • . , • '. • ,• • • ,J- , ( ,, ~ / <# • i II!' - • ~· - • ~
;✓ Djs!ri~- ~tl!- m_ui,n,~/- ~- j;-'':_· Di~~ricts ~itJi:. mi~j~~
7J• ;..1or~t--ar~,~>,.1n,sq_.,.,
r - • < -?' .. ,. -~r ;:- ~.r.,. k ) .<t • r -- ,r kms.) .,.
~ _-:'(5;; -~ ,:, , .·1orest.,~t:_as ~.sq.~_..,. ••
J (.

I. Udaipur _ 4161.92 1. Chum 73. 73

·-2, Baran 2248.84 2. ~umangarh 239.46
3. Karauli 1810.05 3. Nagaur 242.40
4. Chittorgarh 1788.61 4. Jodhpur ·245.13
S. Alwar 1784.66 5. Took 1
336.94
(Forest De~nt &port 2019-20) /'age number- 78)

Forest Rt·port, 2019

:> Since 1987, in every two years, forest Survey of India meters for the periQd October ·to December 2017
(FSI), Dehradun undertakes assessment of country's have been used for interpretation, which is the I6th
'
forest resources, the results of which are presented 1n the series.
as the 'India State of Forest ~ort (ISFR)' using :> As per this report, the main part of the infonnati~
remote sensing technique for monitoring and •publishe:st in the order of the state of Rajasthan are as
assessment of forest and forest resources. In the follows:f
current assessment, ortho-r~tified LISS III data of
IRS Resourcesat-2 with.a spatial resolution of 23.5
• ♦ • ~
.. ~ -
 Rajasthan : Geography, History, Art & Cul
ture 8~
For est Division in Raja_sthan (5) National Afforestation ~rogr_amme :-
National
Afforestation Programme 1s being carn~d throu
• • '
No. :»iv1s101)· if,._
t s ...
.;I' • " • •• •
1 ~: 'o··IS tt• t"'tS,,.
.1, . _,. ' .,,,J,f"' r • ... -
Forest Development Agency. These agencies opera
gh
• ,;. , " ••... 1 r ,;, • ,,·,.,'t(
1. Jaipur Diyision
.,
~
Jaipur, Sikar, J1nD1ihunu, Dama through the Rural Forest Safety and Managem
am West Sawai madbopur ent
Committee. There are 33 forest development agenc
ies
mer, functioning in the State.
Ganpnagar, Bikaner, Churu, :, From 9th July, 2010 State Level Forest Deve
Na ~ur, Jalore, Pali lopment
Agency has been constituted in the state.
on strict (6) Combatin& Desertification Programme
(CDP):.
Launched from 1999-2000 in 10 desert districts,
the
programme is being funded on the basis of 60:4
10n 0 of
the Central Government and the State Governme
nt.
· The main objective of which was Teeba stabilizati
on
0
~-;- ,,~:- :-:-: --:-- r~~- r-:
through afforestation.
:-r:---n- -;-,;~ ::---- :~~-- cn:n -stt~ r--:-- 1 •
0 :, Campa Fund: - This is a fund for planting dama
and The North East of ged
plantation to increase the tree cover, if forest land
·cliittorgarh. Part Udaipur is
allowed to use non-forestry. This is a fund for planti
.Divisim · and damaged trees received from the concerned institution ng
10. lVlSlOn The State Government has constituted the Rajasthan.
11. • MSJ.On
State Campa FundAuthority on 12th November 2009.
12. . DtVlS tOn Deve opment Its governing connnittee is headed by the ChiefMinis
Progi:ammes inDungatpirand
~D istr icta nd Sruthe.m
= Gugal Conservation and Development Project
Launched by National Medicinal Plants Board, New
ter.
•
PmtofChittorgamDisttict Delhi in 2_008-0~ with the main objective of setting
up
20 medicinal plan~ ·conservation sites at Jodh
\l;1i11 pro~ ran1 nu·" of l·on :str \
pur and
Bamter and plantation of Gugal in 7 districts- Ajme
r,
Dt·, t·lop11u.·11t in l~aj a'\th an Banner,. Rajsamand, Udaipur, Pali Sirohi and Jalore
.. .
(1) - Aravalli Plantation Project:-. The project .was
:> State Forestry Scheme:- 20 .years (1996-2016) scheme.
car- of Forest. Department, Government of Rajasthan
. ried out in 10 districts ofRajasthan fro~ 1992-200 with
the objective of forest cover of 20% land.
collaboration witlt government. of Japan. The main
objective of the pro j~ was afforestation to maintain
0 in
= Rajastban F?restry and Biodiversity Project Phase
The sch~ e, in collaboration with the Japan Internation-II
ecological balance in the Aravalli region. At present, Co-operation Agency (JICA), has been launched in
al
the scbeme has been discontinued. dese~ districts of the State of Rajasthan (Sika10
(2)' Green Rajutfuin Sch ~e :- The State r,
Governinent ~hu nu, Ch ~ Jalore, Banner, Jodhpur, Pali, Naga
(Five Year Plan for 2009-10 to 2013-14) launched this Ja1salmer, B1kaner) and five non-desert distri ur,
on July, 2009 with the main objective of making cts
the (Banswara, Dungarpur, Bhilwara, Sirohi· Jaipur)and
state green by planti.J:ig trees with public support. seven wildlife pro tec~ areas (Kumbhal~arh Wild
life
MGNREGA scheme is being used for .this scheme. Sa n~ , Phulwadi ki nal Wtldlife sanctuary, Jai
~
(3) Indira Gandhi Canal Plantation Project:- Indir Wil~fe Sanctuary, Sitamata Wtldlife Sanctuary, Bass~
a Gandhi Wtldlife Sanctuary, Kailadevi Wildlife Sanctuary, Rawh
Canal Project is a scheme. for plantation and pastu
re Todgarh Wildlife Sanctuary).
development in collaboration with Japan in the area
(4) Rajasthan Forestry-Development Project
.
:-. The
= ,
The main objectives of the project are as follow
"Increasing the forest cover through plantation s:
project was ~e d in 15 non-Aravalli and non~eser and
t biodive~ity conservation works carried out throu
districts ofthe state in collaboration with JBIC(Jap
an) the process of joint forest management (JFMgh
from 1995-96 to 2002 wiJh the main _objectiv ),
e of conservation of biodiversity and enhancing livelihood
intensive plantation, prevention of.desert extension opportu~ties of the.forest dependent masses
and and
development of biodiversity with public participation. thus contributing to the environmental protecti011
and social and economic develo~meot of Rajasthal 11
l-
 -
Rajasthan : Geography, History, Art & Culture 81
The project was originally sanctioned for eight years Government of India in 'accordance· with the directions
, from 20ll-12to20l8-19. ThetotalcostisRs.1152.53 . of the Hon'ble Supr~me Court for protection,
crorc. 884.77 crorc is a loan by JICA and 267.76 development, -tnall8icmcnt of forests/forests from the
crore is share of the State Government. The loan amount collected for compensation to forestland/forests.
contract with JICA has been extended by two years :> Hi1hli1hts of the Rajasthan Competitive
for the years 2019-20 and 2020-21 due to validity and Afforestation Fund Act, 2016 :- Using the powers
residual loan amount up to October, 2021. There is no conferred on the State Government, Rajasthan under'
new target during this period, but only maintenance the Public Accounts ofthe State, the "State Competitive
works arc being carried out. Afforestation Fund Rajasthan" known as 'State Fund'
, Bhakr• and Gang canal plantations :- In 1922, •will be set up. The State Fund shall be under the control
Bikaner princely state ruler Maharaja Ganga Singh of the State Government and will be managed by the
developed a canaJ system called Gang canal with the Rajasthan •Compensatory Afforestation Fund
objective of bringing Sutlej river water. to the state. Management and Planning Authority. The funds
The total length of this canal in the state including all received in the State Fund shall be interest fund under
branches and distributaries is 1153 km. Similarly, public acco~ of th~ State. The residue in the State
Bhakra Canal comes out of Bhakra Nangal Dam. Fund will be non-lapsable and will attract interest as
, This leads to irrigation of 920,000 acres of land in per the rate announced by the Central Government on
Hanuman1arh and Sri Ganganagar districts. The year..on-year basis. .
plantarioo of 2.2 lakh trees along the banks ofthese. two :> The amount can be spent by the S~~ Authority ~ery
canals were tapped by the department as they ripened.
= National Afforestation Programme : National
Afforestation Programme is being carried through
vear as per the approval of the Executive Committee of
.the National Authority after the approval ofthe Steering
Committee by preparing an Annual Action Plan.
Forest Development Agency. These agencies operate :> Implementation •:>f The Rajasthan Competitive •
through the Rural Forest Safety and Management Afforestation Fund Act, 20)6 •
Committee. There are 33 forest development agencies :> The Compensatory AfforestatiO!}. Fu_nd Rules, 2018
functioning in the State. have been issuect- with effect fi:om _l 0. 08:2018 for
From 9th July, 2010 State Level Forest Development implementafion of the·· Compensatory Afforestation
Agency has been constituted in the state. Fund Act, 2016. Under these rules, 80% ofthe amount
= Flood Potential River. Project:- Flood oriented river will be utilized for forest and wildlife management
prQject is being carried by the Government of India and 20% will be·· done for capacity building of
under the National Agricultural Development _Scheme. personnel involved in strengthening forest and wildlife
Under the flood oriented river project, engineering works related infrastructure.
of Rana~ and Luni river projects and Sambhar Wetland
Treatment Scheme under wetland conservation project _Sfate's Fir5t F~resii,J{d~En~rl?n~en't P,oljcy~0l~0
arc being carried out under the control of chief :> The Government of Rajasthan announced its first State
conservator ofForests, Flood Prone River Proj~ Jaipur. Forest Policy on 18th February, 2010. At the same
= Rajasthan Compensatory Afforestation Fund time, Rajasthan became the first State to announce
- Management and Planning Authority (CAMPA):- forest and environment policy. Under this policy, forests
To use forest land in Rajasthan, under Forest ~otection have .been targeted to· be developed in an additional
act 1980, Supreme court directed that a 'Compensato~ area of 45,000 sq km. The policy aims-to cover 20 per
Afforestation Fund' shall be created in which all the cent of the entire territory of the state.
money received from the user-agencies towards CA, :, Establishment of Rajasthan State Forest Develop-
addl. CA, penal CA, NPV of forest land, CAT Plan ment Corporation Limited:- The constitution of
funds, etc. shall be deposited. . Rajasthan State- Forest Development Corporation in
~ The CompensatQcy Afforestation F~d Act, 2016 and Rajasthan for achieving the objectives of conducting
the Compensatory Afforestation Fund l_lules,m20 I8 tourism and allied activities and services by forest areas
have been made effective froJn 30.09.2018 by the and protected areas·was announced in the State Budget

I
 Rajasthan : Geography, History, Art & Culture 8
by the Hon'ble Chief Minister in the State Assembly 3. Kailub Sankbla Wildlife Conse"ation Award:.
on 20th February, 2020. In_ 00mpliance with this budget Award given to a person who has excelled in the field
announcement, Rajasthan state forest developJDCDt of wildlife conservation .
4. Rajeev Gandhi paryavaran Suraksba Purakar:.
corporation limited was registered with registrar of World Environment Day is conferred by the State
companies under the CanpaniesAct, 2013 oo 16.12.2020. Government on 5th June to encourage the conmton man
II'. ,. .... , .. ...,,. ,.~--
' ~ ., .... - ..·_........ - "'
i""~
and institutions for environmental protection works. \
~ B,enefits of~~•ti&~ of Rajastb~n S-tate\ I
~/Foresi·i>evelopmentCorpotjltio,~-, (J t ht' r fa rt s
,
!~'!.
, - . ...

:> Khejri Village:- Amrita·Devi Bisbnoi along with 363

= (a) Vegetation (wood and timber) and small forest Bishnoi people were martyred in 1730 in this vi1lage of
produce on forest and non- forest land of the Jodhpur in protest against king Abbay Singh's order to
Corporation State, (b) Tourism in forest and protected cut trees. Here, every year, on Bhadrapada Shukla
areas and the services connected there Y:ith, etc., "ill dasharoi, the world's only animal fair is held here.
create abundant potential for development of :> Khadana:- It maintains the ecological balance of the
commercial activities, \\rhich will also help in curbing Bishnoi community There is a practice of in which life
local pressure and exploitation of illegal activities on is also given to protect the trees.
forest wealth existing in the wealth areas so far. = Beed:- Grasslands and pastures in western districts
:> CAZRI: Central Arid Regional Research Centre of Rajasthan and Shekbawati region Jhunjhunu, S~
It was started in 1952 by the Central Government Ajmer etc. are called beeds in local language.
(with the help of Australia and UNESCO) under the :> Dev Van (Oran):- Forest land associated with religious
• name Desert Forest Plantation and which was plaoes'\Wichisccmideredreligictis andbannedfran~
expanded and restored as cazri. in 1959. It is an wild am;mals am felling of trees. The doo forest with th:
institution of the _Indian Council of Agri~ulfural 1aigest area in the state is in Dadh Devi Forest:, Kata.
_ Research. It ..conducts complete r~earch related to :> Baa~ T~;- T~ tQ _be_~ from the general public in
chy areas. At_p~ it~ five sub-centr~ at Bikaner, • lieu of forest use during the princely period.
Jaisalm~r, Pali, Bhuj (Gujarat) and Leh. CAZRI is :> Loom:- The fockler ofthe leaves oftm khejri tree is calbi
. l i ~ e d in Jodhpui-. . • loom in the local language. h is especially eaten by goats.
.=· AFRI (ARID FOREST RESEARCH INSTITUTE):- :> San_gri:- Pods obtained from the khejri tree from which
It is located at the National Centre' for ·Dry Forest vegetables are made. • I
Research - Jodhpur,- set up under the Indian Institute :> Forest Model ~ l s for Forest Education in Rajasthan
of Forest Research and Education (ICFRE) for have 1)eai set up at Udaipur, Bans\vara and Jbalawar.
development of desert -forests.
:> The main objective is to maintain ~logical balance ~.d!{ief.~s~~~t~ t~\~~rs~ip)~ Rajasth~n
•by rainwaier conservation an~ plantation. in dry areas. 1 _Tutsi Pooja ~hukla Trayodashi
2 Peepal Puja • Jyeshtha Pumima
~--;fest -~(~l~~9ninentvPrpv~~~~~war~ 3. AmlaNavami Kartik Slmkla Navami
1. Indira Priyadanhini Vriksha Mitra Award: -Award 4. Amla Ekadashi Falgun Shukla Ekadashi
given by the State Government to the powerful Dussehra
5. Khejdi Puja
institutions in the field of forest conservation Dab worship at the time of eclipse
6.
2. Amrita ·Devi Bishnoi S'mriti Purukar:- It is given 7. Banana (Kadli) Worship on thursday
to persons and institutions who have excelled in forest 8. Bad (Vat tree) worship Jyeshtha ~
p~~ forestry development, forest research and (Badrnavasya)
forestry writing. :> Sandalwood Forest (Cbandan van):- These forest are kIXl"
:> _Amount to be given under~ Devi Award : as Chandan Forest due to the abundance of sandalw
• Excellent performance in Forest Safety and trees in the fo~ of Haldighati (Khamanaur) in Raj
Managetnent on Committee /Panchayat/Village district· and Delwara area of Sirohi in Rajasthan.
Level Institutions - 1,00,0d0/- and Citation
• Excellent performance in Forest protection, Safety
and Manag~ent on individual basis - 50,000/-
and citation
 -
Rajasthan : Geography, History, Art &Culture 83

Medicines from Forests .

1. Chinni East RaJasthan Heart disease, Abortion

2. Kher Udaipur, Dungarpur Jextiles Industries
3. Guggal Ajmer Fat, arthritis and blood pressure control
4. Higonda Hadoti-Mewar Cough, dental disease and contraception
5. Vajradanti Hadoti-Mewar Benefits in dental disease
6. Wddonion Jodhpur, Banswara Lung Infection
7. Brahi Udaipur, Banswara .For the brain
8. Shankhapushpi Jodhpur, Barmer • Increase in memory
9. Salar Jaipur · on scorpion bite
10. Arjun Jhalawar Heart Disease
11. Robida Western District Sexual Yog,a •
12. KaliMusli SouthemDistri~t • Increase in in.al~ power ,.
.• . •.
13. Safed Musli SouthemDistrict • Increase in male power
14. Ashwagandha: · Nagaur.,. . Inurunify
15. Kelly Chittorgarh · Contraception
16. DataThor Complete State Contraception •
17. Guar-Patha Sambhar Area In Cosmetics
..~ ~~d1if ~~tf
e· ;e~~~(af~l~~~~,g,,(~nf-~ (Godavan). The shelter sites are being developed by

= "In terms of biodiversity,· the State of Rajasthan is

the state Government by· constructing• closures under
Project Bustard. As p~r ~e agreement si~ed between
famous all over the country. The State Forest ... the State Government Government of ~a and.Wildlife
Deparbnent is playing an important role in protecting Institute of :l~dia, a captive b~ccdi~g ·c~tre for
the endangered, rare wildlife ~sand-birds in the .. -conservation_ of. Great Indian. Bustard ,-..-ill be. set up in
world."For protection of these· rare wild animals, 3 Sorsan area of Baran and its satellite facility at J~salmer.
national parks, 27 sanctuaries and 14 .conservation
reserves are located in the state. ~ addition, there are ·;~~~h>1_1a·_f P~ir~:ii~i~· \):jj~tj(~~:$a9~(~~r)~./~
3 tiger reserves in the state. "The area of all protected
areas is 11782_.55 sq km. •
= The
.
basic objective
.

of
.
setting
.
up of National p~
and Wildlife .Sanctuaries is to. conser.ve and
~ ~~egfited~.µ~V,~,i>~JJl,;~~fof:.~JIJI ;~!(,(f~~~-
1

~- promote wildlife and maintain the natural enviromnent.

= The funding pattern of the scheme has been changed
by the Go:uemment of India 11
Wildlife is an integral part of our biosphere.
c...om 2015-16 to 60% of i; '€once~t'.-of,~•tlb6al.p
1

atld ands~~ctu~;;_and./
·y 1
, J'~•/t?•
,h, +~i·•' ,,,
'
, .J' 1 $t ~ ,~,,J
1't!-1t-1 .. ~'1.:<f~, I/

~?\?·;~.
1 ''1i

theCentraland40%ofthe State. In2020-2J. 311amount •, >.-{61,fi~ Bi~~JveJ1(tyrO~~,~-tl~n<:;~~~;,/·

of Rs. 157 .65 lakh for National Chambal Wildlife
Sanctuary and Rs. 216.30 lakh for- Great Indian
= Due to the extinction of wild animals, bio-diversity is
facing ~risis. B~odiversity is an integral part of the
Bustard Recovery Programme has been released from natural mviraunent, ranging from natural flora, wildlife,
the Government of India under the scheme. Under animals, birds to insects and microorganisms. Their
.the scheme, for the wildlife protection, infrastructure • extinction or distress is a matter of~ncern in the world
development, habitat development, water points, fire today. That is why today every country in the world is
lines wall construction etc. is done. conscious of their conservation. •
= Project Bustard:- Special efforts are also being made • = It was for this purpose that the concept of national
.1
- to conserve the state bird ~reat In4ian Busta~d parks and sanctuaries emerged through which the

t
 Rajasthan : Geography, History, Art & Culture 84
natural nature of specific areas is maintained so that :> Project Great Indian Bustard
has been launched on
\\ildlife can be conserved there.
= National parks are areas whose natural beauty i.e. flora
and fauna are detennined nationally important and are
5th June, 2013 for conservation of Great Indian
Bustard. Rajasthan is the first State to ~ such a
project. Under this project, closures are being
fully p ~ by consensual assessment. There is a constructed and shelter sites are being developed. A
complete ban on hunting while can be used for tourism. Captive Breeding Centre will be ~ up in '!he Sorsan
= Sanctuarie:; are areas where hunting or capturing
-wildlife is prohibited. In the same order, some areas
area of Baran and its stealth facility at Jaisalmer for
conservation of Great Indian Bustard.
are also declared as· hunting prohibited areas where :> The First Tiger Project of Ra~asth
an was Launched
hunting is ban. Obviously, there is an effort to maintain by the Govememnt of India. j
• th! National park and the sanctuary ecosystem, which
I
protects biodiversity. The main reasons for their
I
importance: J. Ranthambore. National park (Sawal madhopur)
(i) Prevent the destruction of forests. :> Ranthambore National park is situated near Sawai
(ii) Maintaining a safe and friendly residential site so madhopur district headquarters, adjacent to the forest
as to provide conducive environment to wildlife. area around Ranthambore Fort. By the Government
(lii) Total banonhuntingorpoachingofwildanimals. of Rajasthan established in 1955, this sanctuary was
(iv) To get proper knowledge of the endangered declared as Natio~ l par~ (First National park of
species of wild animals· and make special Rajasthan) in 1980. .
arrangements for their ·conservation. :> This national park is particularly_known for the variance
(v) Proper management of wildlife. of the national animal Tiger of India. It is also known
(vi) Awakening of wildlife so that the common man as the land of Tiger. Tiger •Safari facility is available
is conscious of their safety. here. The famous fish (T-16), the world's oldest (19
:> Rajasthan has 3 National parks, 27 Sanctuaries and years)tigress, roamedhere(diedonAugust 18, 2016).
14 Conservation Reserves in _the State for protection :> The Project Tiger was launched by the Government
·of wildlife. In acklitioo, there are 3 Tiger reserves in the of India. in the•first phase in 1973-74 in collaboration
state. The total ofall protected areas is 11782.56 sq Ian. with the world wildlife fund. This is the first tiger project
:> For wildlife management in -w_ildlife sanctuaries and in Rajasthan. Rajasthan has the highest tiger population.
Tiger reserve areas located in the state, the centrally
••fundeci" sponsored schemes· "Integrated Development
= The national park is extended to area of 282.03 sq km,
this area has Ranthambore fort, Trinetra Ganesh
of wild Life Habitats" and "Project Tiger" are carried Temple (Ranthambore 9anesh ji), Jogi Mahal, 32
out by the ministry of Forest Environment and Climate pillars chhatri, P ~ J><:>nd etc.
Change under Government of India. • :> In col~boration with the World ~her ein 1996-97,
:> Under the Integrated Development ofWildlife habitats Eco- Development Project was ~che d here.
scheme, infrastructure develop~ent, habitat 2. Keoladt!O National park (Bharatpur)
development, water points, fire lines, wall construction :> Keoladeo National park, situated on Agra Marg (NH·
etc. are carried out for wildlife conservation. The 11) south of Bharatpur district is named after the
·sch~me consists of 60% of the share of the Keoladeo Shiva Temple located in the area.
Government ofIndia and 40% ofthe state government. :> The area of Keoladeo National park (Bharatpur) was
:> State bird. • - Great Indian Bustard initially a flood affected offshore area ofYamuna. In
:> Scientific Na.me. - Ardeotis N~griceps the eighteenth century, Maharaja Surajmal, the ruler!
:> English name - Great Indian.Bustard built the ..Ajan Dam'. During 1850-1899, the Mo~
•:> Local Name - Tilor, Mordi (In HadautiAreaand Princely State (Gujarat) lGng Harbhamji visited this
Sorsan), Hukna, Indian Sarang developed a canal system in this. area. (CourtesY of
:> Major areas - National Desert Industry the flagstone at Keoladeo National park).
(Jaisalmer), • Sonkalia (Ajmer), :> The region was tak~n up l>y the Government of
Sorsan (Baran) Rajasthan in 1956. In the name of 'Ghana Bird
 •
Rajaathan : Geography, Hlatory, Art & Culture 8S
atYi a bird sanctuary was established. The area \ I a .i or \ \' i I ti I i ft• Sa II l' l II a r il's o I' H. a .i as l ha 11
~ ~ 28.73 sq. km was givm status ofthe sccaid
·ooal park ofthe state in 1981. 1. Sariska nger Reserve, Alwar
~ surprising to find hundreds of trees of 'Jaal' (local :> The sanctuary, located in Alwar district, was granted
, !!:e- peelu) in ~e park area. _In fact, it is a tree
din semi-and western RaJasthan. The water
sanctuary status·by the State Government on November
1, 1955. The area of this sanctuary is 491.99 sq km.
• foUOly in Keoladeo National park comes from caoals :> The Kali valley, Kankawadi and Kraska Plateau, Silibat,
~!n from the nearby 'Ajao Dam'. Raika, Bhagani are the major valleys. Kali Valley has
: most promi?ent attractio~ o~ this ~~ i~ si~rian
the highest 'moro' density in the country.
:> This sanctuary is famous for green pigeons. •
' cranes, which~-fro?' S1ben~ (R~ssia) m winter. :> The major places to visit here are the Temple of Rajour
Apart from this, ex~l!C bird species like geese, white (~ord Mahavir), Neelk~nth Mahadev T~mple,
storks,,t,eenjas, tnalads,' madwells, shavelers, mounds, Tapobhoomi ofBhruthari, Hanuman Temple o(Pandupol,
pipits, 1apveers, etc. are also found here. Kankadwadi Fort (here Darashikoh captured by
, Indian species of birds found here are Indian cranes, Aurangzeb) •and Sariska Palace built by Maharaj a
Kalp, buu.a; anjal, ·pond heron, black- necked grebe, Vmay Singh which has been co~yerted into a hotel.
barbet, wood-peckers, pigeon etc. 2. National, Desert Park, Jaisalmer
, UNESCO bas included this park in the World Heritage :> The National ~ert park was establi~hed at Jaisalmer
List in 1985. Apart from domestic and foreign species in 1981. The main objective is to conserve the natural
ofbirds, wild animal species like sambhar, swamp d~, vegetation of the region and fossil~ buried, in the womb
rabbit, fox, jackal etc. are also found here. ofthe land for millions of years. Hence, it is also known
= SalimAli Centre for O_mithology and Natlual History as fQssil park. . . .
It is the largest sanctuary in Rajasthan which is extended
is located_ in the park area, where the species of birds :>
in Jaisalmer-Banner districts .. Its. ar~ is 3 ~ 62 sq km.
found in the park are mentioned. .
= Keoladeo National park (1st October, 1981) and :>
Apart from fossil and vegetation conservation, Indian
ga2.elle (chinkara), fptir- homed.antelope (chausingha),
Sambhar. Lake (March 75, 1990) in Rajasthao have black buck and Great ·Indian Bustard are also
been declared wetlands or Ramsar sites~ Out of these, conserved here. •
.Keoladeo has.been .included in ~e 'Mountrex Record' 3. Talchapar Sanctuary, Churu
. due to water scarcity. :>_ It is located close at Sujangarh town in Chum district.
3. •• M11k11ndara Hills National park (Kota, Chiitorgarh) A large number of black bucks are found here. It
= It is the third national park in Rajasthan which is contains a grass call~ mothiya which is the favourite
food of these black bucks. •
extended in Kota-Chiti:orgarh districts. Its area is 199.55
sq. km in which has 156.32 sq kin.· area is of Darra :> Being the abode of Guru Droriacharya in the
wildlife sanctuary, 37.98 km. area is ofJawahar Sagar Mahabharata period, it is also known as Dronapuri.
This sanctuary is also known as Demoiselle crane
\Y'tldlife Sanctuary and 5 .25 sq km area is of national :> (kuranja) bird's resort. It is also known as Bidawati
Cbambal Sanctuary.
= Notification of Mukandara Hills National park was
because it is the chhatri ofBida, the son of Jodha, and
his birth place.
issued on 09.01.2012. This area was u~ed as the :> Greyland gun] - A bird of the swan species whose
hunting ground of the Maharaja of Kota· princely local name is Silti Savan is found here.
state. before independence. This sanctuary is of 4. Mount Abu Sanctuary, Sirohi .
famous for Gagroni tota (Alexandrine parakeet). It is
famous for copying human voices. It is also latown as
= Situated. between Mount Abu ranges of Sirohi, the
western district of the state, the area of the sanctuary
· Hiraman Parrot. is 112 sq Ian. It is ~e only hilly sanctuary in Rajasthan.
~ . Gui,taka1i Temple (Bhim ki Chauri) andAbli Meeni's :> Jangali/wild murge (chic~en) and a plant called Dicliptera
Palace are located in this national park. abuensis Blatt are the main features of this sanctuary
which is found to be the only one in the world.

4
 Rajasthan : Geography, History, Art & Culture s6
become the fourth tiger reserve in Rajasthan. This :., The Ministry of Forest and Environment has declclred
upgraded status of Ramgarh Vishdhari is expected to it as an Eco- Sensitive Zone in June 2009.
strengthen tiger ~rvation efforts.
= The Mej river originates from this sanctuary. It contains
~ trees of dhokada species.
5. Sitamata Sanctuary
:., It is a wide sanctuary in Chittorgarh, Pratapgarh and
Udaipur districts which is famous for flying squirrels
., Apart from tigers, bears,jackals, ~ chi~ chinkara, :., The Jakham river flows through this sanctuary. Tuer~
wild~ Ylolf: fox, mongoose and wild boar can be are two waterfalls called Luv and Kush located here
seen here. at Jakham Dam.
12. Bassi Sanctuary:- Situated on the union of Aravalli :., It is also known as the motherland ofCheetal. Highest
and Vmdhyachal ranges at Bassi in Chittorgarh, this number of chausinghas are found here. Rare species
sanctuary is famous for wild tigers. The sanctuary is of orchids are also found here.
the origin ofOrai and Brahmani rivers. 6. National Chambal Sanctuary
13. National Desert park, Jaisalmer:- The National :., This is an aquatic sanctuary spread along the Chambat
Desert park was established in Jaisalmer in 1981 · The river in Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh.
main objective is to cooserve the natural vegetation of
the regioo and the-fmgjs buried in the womb ofthe land It is located in Kota, Bundi, Sawai Madhopur, Dholpur
for millioos of years. Hence, it is also known as fossil
park. It extends to abwt 3162 sq km of the area, which
covers Jaisalmer-Banner districts. Apart frcm fossil and
= and Karauli districts in RajasthaJi.
It has been developed for the safety and breeding of
gharials. It also has Ganges dolphin. Smooth coated
Yegdatioo conservation, chinkara, chausingha., black otters and mammals are also found here.
buck and Great Indian Bustard are also conserved here. 7. Jaisamand Sanctuary
14. Sarisb_Wildlife Sanctuary (T1ger Project Sariska):-
_ A wildlife sanctuary •was started by constructing a
= Situated in the hills along Jaisamand Lake in Udaipur
district, the sanctuary is fiunous for Tigers.
palace before independence at a place 35 km away
~Alwar called Sariska. The State Government duly
= The sanctuary is a conservation site for animals like
bears, wild boars, panthers, nilgai etc. and many birds
declared it a sanctuary in_ 1955 and in 1990 it was given
the level of National park and the Project Tiger was
launched by the Central Goveriiment here. Apart from
= including pheasant.
The 'Roolri Rani ka mahal' is locat.ed here. The sanctuary
has the highest number (six) of water tanks (hodi).
lions, tigers, sambhars, cheetals, nilgai, wild boars, 8. Jawahar Sagar Wildlife Sanctuary
black rabbits, langurs, a variety ofbirds also live in this
forest sanctuary. The harsh truth about Sariska is that
= It is extended to Kota, Bundi and Chittorgarh districts.
The sanctuary has been set up to increase the number
· all the tigers were extinct.. Ag~ some tigers have of gharials. The sanctuary is located parallel to the
been transferred from Rantbambore to grow tigers here C~1bal river.
so that tiger conservation can take place here again. .9. Phulwari Ki Nal Sanctuary
15. Nahargarh Sanctuary:- It is spread around the
historical forts of Amer; Nahargarh and Jaigarh in
= It is located in the tribal dominated Kotra tehsil of
Udaipur. Tigers, leopards,·cheetals, sambhars are found
Raja.qhan distri~ which was made a sanctuary in 1982. in this sanctuary. Mansi, Wakal, Som rivers originates
It is 50 Ian. h is spread over· the forest area. After the from here.
creaticm oftb sanctuary, die to the-availability of water 10. Kumbhalgarh Sanctuary
throughout the year and dense forests, tigers have now
started living in this areaagam.Apa'rt frcm this, other forest
= It is located in the Aravalli mountain ranges of
Kumbhalgarh in Udaipur, Rajsamand and Pali districts.
animals in which mainly Iangur (babooo), sehi (crested
porcupine) and patagoh (monitor lizard) are seen here
= Here, the Tiger, wolf, bear, sambhar, cheetal are
• famous ..Th~ sanctuary is famous for breeding wolves
16. Bhainsrod&arh Sanctuary across the country.
~ It is 229 sq. km. in area and was declared sanctuary in
1983. It was buih for the purpose of protecting the
= .
This sanctuary is the origin of the Luni river, where
the Raliakpur Jain Temple and Kurnbhalgarh Fort are
wildlife living in it near Bhainsr~ a mountainous located.
area of Chittorgarh district. 11. Ramgarh Vishdhari Sanctuary
~ Since that time the number of wild animals here has
been increasing continuously. Hundreds of additional
= Earlier, it was the only non-tiger project area in Bundi
.. district'. Ramgarh Vishdhari Wildlife Sanctuary has
 Rajasthan : Geography. History. Art & Culture 87
SanctuarY has birds , hyenas, nilgai , ·wild boar , .chital Its area is 193 sq km. and many species of wildlife
Blackbuck, jackals and foxes etc. and_ birds are protected here.
'Todgarh Sanctuary 21. Sawai Mansin&h Sanctuary-
7
~ • This sanctuary is spread in the border area of three :> This forest area is adjacent to the Ranthambore
districts of the state respectively Udaipur , Pali and National Park, which was named as a sanctuary in
Ajmer districts, whose area is 512 sq.km. is. In 1983, 1984 and covers an area of 103 sq. Km. When there
•Tod.garb, a historical site in central Rajasthan, was will be more tigers in Ranthambore than his capacity,
declared a sanctuary. The sanctuary is habitat oftigers,· • ~hen they will be kept in these s~ctuaries. Even now
jharak, bear, fox, the monkey and nilgai etc. tigers , leopards, Nilgai, •Chital and sambhar can be
seen here.
18. Jamavaramgarh Sanctuary
~ Ramgarh, a famous hunting ground in Jaipur district, 22. Kailadevi Sanctuary -
was also declared a sanctuary in 1982. It is spread :> This sanctuary near Karauli is spread over th9 area of
over to 360 km in the for~st area. Sometin1es, tigers of 376 sq km, which was named in 1983. It is-located in
Sariska Wildlife Sanctuary visits here. In general, wild the hilly dense forest area. Being near the forests of
animals like leopar~ Jharak, ·wild boar, \\rild cat, wolf, Ranthambore, it will be possible to keep the increasing
Nilgai and Sambhar are found here. number of tigers here in the future. At present, wild
t 9. Sajjangarh Sanctuary- animals like leopards, bears, Jharak, Sambhar, Cheetal
= The ancient hunting site of Udaipur in the dense forest
area of the Aravalli mountain range was given this 23.
. and Nilgai are fo.und here.
Ramsagar Van Vihar Sanctuary·-, -
name in 1987. Generally lion, black antelope, nilgai, :> This site is 10 km away from Dholpur on Agra-Bombay,
sambar , chital , langur , \\ild boar and chinkara can be • national bigh\vay in Dholpur ~astern district of
seen in this. It is spread in 519 sq. Km. area. Rajasthan. Being situated on the bru;iks of the lake,
19. Shergarh Sanctuary - birds living n~r wa~er are also foun4 here. Many wild
= Shergarh forest in Baran district is famous for most
tigers. It ,vas preserved ,in 1983 by the name of
animals like wild b~, sambhars,. nilgai, cheetals
and pheasant, peacocks can be seen here. It is a scenic
shcrgarh sanctuary. It is only spread over 99 sq km of . spot in eve~ seaso~.
the area of forest. Nowadays tigers have disappeared 24. Sundha Mata Bear Sanctuary -
from the forest, but even today leopards, bears, hyena, :> The first conservation reserve of bears ·was announced
cheetal, sambhar and pythons can be seen here. on ~uly 20, 2010 in Sundhamata ~ of Jaswantpura
20. Band Baretha Sanctuary - area between JalQre and Siro,U in Rajasthan. The area
:> This sanctuary is 50 km away from Keoladeo National of 4468_ sq km has been earmarked for this. There are
park, Bharatpur. Earlier, rivers flowing in theAravalli • about 300 bears here.
ranges were stopped and adam was built at Baretha.
List of Protected Areas in Rajasthan

,\. \ational Pa rl,.

S. Madhopur 2s2~3 01.11.1980
1. Ranthambore Hills National Parle
Kailadeo National Park • Bharatpur 2s .73 27.08.1981
2
Kota, Chittorgarh 199 ,s3 Overlap with Darra Sanctuary, Jawahar ~
3. Mukundra Hill National Parle
Sanctwuy and National Chambal sanctwuy.

Total 510.31

B. \\ ildlifl· Sanctu.ll'~
l Alwar 491.99 01.11.1933
Sariska Sanctuary
3.01 20.06.2012
l Sariska 'R' Sanctuary Alwar

l
 RaJaathan : Geography, History, Art & Culture 89
Tiger Reserve
1. R,anthambore Tiger Reserve Sawai Madhopur, 14.11.29 06.07.2012
Karauli, Bundi, Tonk (buffer notificatio n) overlap with
Ranthambo re National Park, Sawai
Madhopur, Sawaiman Singh Sanctuary,
Keladevi Sanctuary and National Chambal
Sanctuary
2 .. Sariska Tiger Reserve Alwar, Jaipur 1213.347 06.07.2012
(Buffer Notification ) Sariska Sanctuary
o~erlaps with Sariska A Sanctuary and
J ~ g a r h Sanctuary
3. Mukundra Hill Tiger Reserve Ko~ Bundi, Jhalawar, 759.99 09.04.2013
Chittorgarh . (buffer notification) overlaps with Mukundra
Hills National Park, Darra Sanctuary,
Jawaharsag ar Sanctuary and National
Chambal Sanctuary
Total 1589.45 Excluding overlap with national parks ~d
sanctuaries •
Total area 11782.56 Excluding all ·overlaps between tiger
reserve~-, national parks and sanctuaries"
* More accuracy being determined by digitization
Hunting prohibited area
= Hunting Prohibited areas are declared for wildlife Mrig Van:
:> A new step in conservation of wildlife· in Rajasthan has
conseivation in Rajasthan.
= As per Sedion 37 of the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972, areas
where wildlife living in that area is protected and developed
been taken by earmarking area for deer. At present the state
has the following deer forest : • .
(i) Asbok Vihar Mrigawan:-·In Jaipur, a 12 heciare plot be-
and bunting of these animals is-prohibited. The· area 26720 tweenAshok V~ city has been developed ·as Ashok Vthar
sq km is hunting prohibited area in Rajasthan. Mrigawan. Near this, another area is being developed in
There are 33 bunting prohibited areas: 7500 square metres where 24 deer and 8 chinkaras have
• 2 in Jaipur (Santhal and Mahala) been released. _.
• 7 in Jodhpur (Doli,. Guda, Bishnoi,- Jammev, Varji, (ii) Machia Safari Park :- It was started in 1985 near Kaylana
Dhechu, Lohwat and Feet Kasni) Lake in Jodhpur. It has an area of600 hectares3R)IOXimately.
• 5 in Boomer (Jcxlvir, Vcushno, Mukarn, Bajju and Di Yatra) Wo)( langm; desertatt, nilgai, Nackbuck, chinkara like wild ani-
• 3 in Ajmer (Tilora, Sokhlia and Gangwana) mal many birds can be seen here.
• 2 in Alwar (Johadia and Bond) (iii) Chittorgarb Mrlgawan :- On the southern bank of famous
• 2 in Nagaur (Rotu and Jaroda) Chittorgarh Fort, this deer fo~ was established in 1969, which
• 2 in Jaisalmer (Ramdevra and Ujjwala) has wild animals like N"tlpi, Cheetal, Chinkara and Black Buck.
• 1 in Udaipur (Bakdara) (iv) Pusbkar Mrigawan:- This deer forest has been develQped
•
• 1 in Chittorgarh (Manal) in the hilly area near ancient Panchkl.ind near the holy pil-
. grimage site Pushkar. After the development, in 1985, some
• 1 in Kota (Sourasan) 1 in Bundi (Kanak Sagar)
deer were released, which can still be seen easily today.
• 1 in Banner (Dhori Manna)
(v) Sanjay Udyan Mrigawan:-This udyan has been developed
• 1 in Pali (Jawai Dam)
on national highway near Shahpura (District Jaipur) in an
• 1 in Chum (Jawai Dam) > area of about 1Ohectares. It has been developed as a rural
• 1 in Jalore (Sanchor) t
I
consciousness centre. It has wild animals like Chinkara,
• 1 in Tonk (Ranipura) Nilgai, Cheetal etc.
• . 1 in Sawai Madhopur(Kanwalji) (vi) Sajjangarh Mrigawan:- This is extended in the hilly area of
Sa.ijangarh Fort in Udaipur.
 -
Rajasthan : Geography. History. Art 8t Culture 91
, Biological Parks of Rajastlian tendu leaves (used in making beedi), bamboo, gum,
1. Nahargarh Biological Park, Jaipur katha, lakh, grass, poppy, mahua and a variety of
2. Sa,ijangarh Biological Park, Udaipu·r medicines. In addition, forests provides amla, kair, bair,
3. Machia Biological Park, Jodhpur honey, ~ax, tendu and many root vegetables. In- fact,
. -4., Abheda Biological Park, Kota the use of forests, is versatile and a valuable resource
5. Marudhara Biological Park, Bikaner in natural resources.
Ranisar Convention Sites- Need for forest conservation .
= .
Area with moisture or marshy land is called wetland :> the following problems are being created due to limited
or wetland i.e., wetlands are areas where abundant availability of forests and their rapid destruction· in
moisture is fuund. Wetlands make water poll:ution free. Rajasthan:
Wetland is is an area that is partially or completely water- (i) Ecological imbalance
filled throughout the year. The w~ds in India extends (ii) · Rcducti9n in moisture holding capacity in the
from cold and dry areas to the tropical monsoon areas atmosphere. •
of central India and humid areas of the south. (iii) Rise in temperature
Ramsar Convention
= Ramsar Wetlands Convention is an inter- governmental
(iv) Decrease in rainfall
(v) Increase -in soil erosion
treaty for consenation and intelligent use of wetlands (vi) Increase in flood outbreak
and their resources. On February 2, 1971, various (vii) Reduction in land fertility
countries of the \Vorld signe<.1, a treaty to protect th~ (viii) D~ctio n of species of forest animals
world's wetlands in Ramsar, Iran, which came ·into (ix) Increase in environ.mental pollu~ion
existence in 1975. Treaty came into existence in India (x) Non-availability of forest materials, etc.
on I February 1982.
= Conservation and Promotion of Forests
There are 46 Ramsar wetlands in India with a total :> Conservation or development and expansion offorests
areaof689131 hectares or 12199.03 sqkm. is the main need of the present.· A number of
Ramsar Site in the State • government .efforts are 1?cing made in this· direction
(i) Keoladco National Park (1.10.1983) and at the· same time there is a need to make efforts at
(ii) Sambhar Lake (23.3.1990) the social and personal level. Certain measures for
forest conservation are as follows: •
1. Controlled and proper harvesting - The main
cause of deforestation is uncontrolled harvesting.
= Forest is a natural resource which has a versatile use.
Forests play an important role in environmental and
DeforestatiOI) should be' dooc in such a way that
.forests are not destroyed.and wood is also availed.
This requires felling of mature trees, felling of
ecological balance. The environmental importance of
branches of trees, release for growth after growth
forests is due to the following facts: and proportional development of forests.
(i) Enhance natural beauty 2. Protection of forests from fire.
(ii) Keep the environment clean 3. Ban on· d~struction of forests for agriculture,
(iii) Make the climate even, prevent the rise in housing and other development ,vorks.
temperature. 4. Protection of forest water from dams.
(iv) Increase in l,tumidity and help i}! rainfall. 5. Development of forests as t9urist ~tinations.
(v) Prevents climate change. 6. Plantation i.e., re-afforestation.
(vi) Prevents soil erosion. / 7. •Ban on uncontrolled grazing of animals in forests.
(vii) Preserve biodiversity. ~ 8. Active role of adminis tration in forest
i' :> The economic importance offorests is also high. About • Conservation : It is only because the governmeot
45,000 people get direct or indirect eijiployment from departments are entrusted with the responsibility
j forests in the State. The main yields ob~ined from the of forest conservation. The administration can
forests of Rajasthan are timber (from teak, dhokada, perform the fotlowin g function s in forest
salar,_ shisham, acacia, etc.), wood and coal for fuel, conservation: Enforcement of for.est related laws,
 Ra)uthan : Geography, Hlatory, Art• Culture ga
survey of forest,, determination of forest :> lnackiltioo, birds~pmoocb.phcuants, Spain~
development areas, proccctioo. of fbrests from fire, kurjans. butts (Oajner, Bikaner resk>n) etc. are found here
SU00eS.Wl implementation of plantation programme, :, About 20 species of reptiles are also found here. Among
government control over forest production, them arevarioos types ofsnakes, patagdi, clJaooangoo, etc
aware~ generation and encouragement for forest :, National Desert Parle (Jaisalmer, Barmer), Talchha~
conservation etc. by adrninimation. Sanctuary(Owru)am l8sitsbavebeendeclarooasH11nt...-
9. Forest conservation by social and voluntary ProoibitedAreas ftr biodivcmity amcrvatim in tre ;;;_ig
organizatioos can play an important role in forest 2. AravaUi Hill Region
cmservation by creating public awareness by :, TheAravalli Mountain range in the middle ofRajasthan
social and voluntary i ~ planting trees and from south-west to northeast is not only a specific geo,.
talcing proper care of trees. NGOs can make the form but also a biodiversity rich and distinctive region.
'Social Forestry' and 'Green •Rajas than' :> • Troe vcgOOltion ofchoral, dhauk, salar, mango, mahua,
programmes run by the government successful. ' bamboo etc. Kumbhalgarh, Jaisamand and MountAbu
10. Forest conservation and promotion can be done Sanctuaries have been set up in this area for
by ptq>er forest management. This requires forest conservation of these organisms. In Sawai Madhopur,
~ : cmsification of forests, proper eoonomic Ajmer, Alwar, Sikar, deciduous forests are found and •
useofbests,administrativeammgementofforests, there are many types of wildlife Tigers in the Central
use of fun:m fur toorism, social forestry; forest and North Eastern Parts of Aravalli Pradesh.
undetm,xting programme, preparation of master Ranthambore National Parle, Sariska Sanctuary, Kaila
plan fur fun's~ and forest development etc. Devi Sanctuary· etc. are located in this area.
3. Eastern-Plains
:> The area is located in the eastern part of the Aravalli
-= Biodiversity in general refers to the diversity ofdifferent ranges and is a part of the ganga yamuna plain. There
species of organisms found in the ecosystem. This are a large number of water sources like ponds, dams,
diversity is of genetic (Genetic), race (Species) and canals etc. due to which the diversity of birds and
ecosystem (Ecosysteus) which play an important role migratory birds is high here. Keoladeo National Parle
in environmental balance. Rajasthan is the largest state is located in the same area where about 370 types of
in India in terms of area, geographically diverse. birds and 130' types of plants are found. It is because
In Rajasthan, about 2500 species of trees, 450 species ofsuch rich biodiversity that this national park has been
ofbirck, 50 species ofmammals, 20 types of reptiles, 14 declared as a World-Natural Heritage' by UNESCO.
species of amphibians are found. In terms of study of 4. Southern
biodivenity, the State has been divided into four specific :> Eastern Plateau (Hadauti Plateau) and Kandra Region-
biodiversity areas (ecosystems): This area is known as the Plateau ofHadauti. On the
(source: Forest department, Raj. one hand, there are hills of Mukundra and Bundi, while
Govenunent Administrative Report.2016-15) on the other hand, tile· chambal river is an area where
J. Desert or Daert region
= The entire western and northern region of Rajasthan
is a desert or semi-desert region. The major climatic
there is an aquatic diversity. Mukandra Hills has been
accorded national park status. There are a variety of
fish, crabs, crocodiles, Gharials, Dolphins, Turtles, in
features here are low rainfall, high temperatures and the chambal river area.
dryness. The trees and plants of this region are rich in In addition to the above major biodiversity regions'.
thorny trees, thorny shrubs, grass and organisms that biodiversity is also visible in saline lakes, Indira Gandhi
require less water for livelihood. Canal, reservoirs, internal water flow areas, large daill
There are 22 types of major nwnmals found in the •
filling '
ar,eas etc.
desert area, including chinkaru, deer, black bucks,
desert cats, foxes, wolves, rabbits, weuct,, etc. There Miscellaneo¥s facts :
are about 120 species found here in the bird class, of :> Project Leopard:- Project Leopard has been
which Godavan (Great Indian Bustard) are prominent, sanctio~ed ~ th~ State for conservation of Panther._.:11~
which is cu.rrently an endangered species. scheme 1s bemg llllplemented at Jhalana Jaipur. Leo~
 -
. Raja st~ : Geography, History, Art & Culture
. 93
Safari baS been ~che d m ~a~ ~ where touri~s :> The state's first_ fish sanctuary is in the Badt1 Pond
baye arrived. This ~ear, ~ l , St~t a, P~cllkupd, (Udaipur).
~ gudba bishno1, mukundra hills national park
. . .
:> Govardhan Drainage ProJect 1s a plan to proVIde water
aJd bbainSrodgarh have been opened for public visit to Ghana Bird Sanctuary from Panchana Dam (Karauli)
utdet' the state plan. to save it from the problem of shortage of water.
, yellow Bo~k: The forest settlement .~rt ~leased :> The state's first wlture conservation area is proposed
UD(iertbe reign of Alwar Maharana TeJ Singh ts called in Johadbid (Bikaner).
the Yellow Book which is based on wildlife :> The state's first bear rescue centre has been set up at
conservauon. Nahargarh (Jaipur). The state's first COW sanctuary
)titrltory Birds ~ Rajasth~ . . . has been set up in Napasar (Bik~er). Akal ~ood
(i) Kurja(Demosdcrane):- M1~ ~ buds from S1bena, Fossil Park (Jaisalmer), Kewada K1 Nal (Udaipur),
{Jkraine, Kaz.akhstan come to RaJasthan at Tanchan Ram-Kunda (Udaipur), Nag Pahar (Ajmer) and
(Pbalodi, Jodhpur) and Talchhapar Wildlife Sanctuary Chhapoli Mesa Mata (Jhunjhunu) ha".e been selected
(Churu).
f•1 Rajbans (Barhead Goose): - Migratory birds coming
into the state from Tibet and Ladakh with black stripes
= as biodiversity heritage sites. .
Gajner Sanctuary ~s famous for batbar birds/sand
pheasant (Imperial Sandgaus) and wild boars.
oo their heads. It is also known as flamingos. They :> Keoladeo National Parle Bharatpur.(4.7.1990) is listed
C(ltle in Sarnbhar Lake (Jaipur). • under 'Mountrex Record'. The Mountrex record.lists the
(iii) Gadwall :-Aquatic duck birds come from the Soviet hwnidsP.()tswhichareof~importanceincluded
Unioo,northChina, Europeancounttytotheareaaround in the Ramsar iist and whose ·ecosystem has either
Ajmer. In addition, Rosie Foltar, Mallard, Fintel and changed or is changing or will change in the near future.
SiberiancrmaftomSiberiaareprominentfromEurope. :> Ganganagar, Hanuinangarh, Sikar, J~unjhunu,
= State Wetland Authority:- A20-member state Wetland Dungarpur; Banswara. and Bhilwara (total 7 Qistrias)
Authority headed by the Mi~ster of Fore.sts and in ·Rajasthan are wh~re th~re •is no national park,
F.nvinwnent has been coostituted on 29th November, sanctuary or hunting prohi~ition.
•2019. The Chief Secretary in the authority has been
•
made Vice-Chairman and Director of Department of
F.nvirooment as member Secretary.
= The jurisdiction of the Authority:· □□□
ft) All rivers, drains, lakes, ponds in the state will be
under this Authority.
(n) The Authority will pennit mining, construction in
wetlands.
{iit) TheAuthority will sanction sailing and fisheries in
rivers, lakes. The cowrtry's first peacock sanctuary
in the state is. proposed in Jhunjhunu. Desert Zoo
is being built in Bichwal (Bikaner) to keep desert
wild species in one place.