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Public Speaking EL Bakkali

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26 views3 pages

Public Speaking EL Bakkali

Uploaded by

wiam harry
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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By Soufiane

Basic Elements of Public Speaking

• Introduction: The introduction is a crucial part of a speech that should capture the
audience's attention.
o It should include an attention-grabbing element, such as a joke, quote, or
startling statistic.
o The purpose of the speech should be clear, either explicitly or implicitly.
o The speaker's credibility should be established to build trust with the audience.
o Essential background information should be given to orient the audience.
• Body: The body is the main content of the speech.
o It should be well-organized with a clear pattern that is easy to follow.
o Transitions should smoothly connect points.
o Points should build on each other, going from simple to complex.
o The speech should have a climax where everything comes together.
• Conclusion: The conclusion should wrap up the speech.
o It should include a final closing example to reinforce the main point.
o It should provide a call to action or the most important takeaway for the
audience.
o It should briefly recap why the speech mattered.

Types of Public Speaking

• Public speaking can be categorized into informative, persuasive, and ceremonial types.
• Other types include debate, broadcasting, and religious talks.

Public Speaking Basics

• A person is only as effective as their communication.


• Techniques like humor, gestures, and repetition can enhance effectiveness.
• The basic elements of the process involve the source (speaker), message, receiver
(audience), channel, feedback, noise, and the situation.

Ethical Considerations

• A speaker's dress is part of the overall impression they give.


• Ethical considerations involve the speaker's ability, knowledge, and consideration of
the audience.
• The message should reflect what the speaker wants people to know.

Qualities of a Good Speaker

• Be yourself: Authenticity is key to connecting with the audience.


• Practice, not memorize: Be prepared but flexible with your wording.
• Speak naturally: Use a conversational tone and don't be afraid of natural speech
patterns.
• Use voice modulations: Vary your tone, speed, and inflection to engage the audience.
• Be concise: Get straight to the point and don't take longer than necessary.
• Connect: Engage the audience as if in a conversation.
• Storytelling: Use storytelling to engage and create context.
• Repetition: Use repetition to ensure the audience remembers main points.
By Soufiane
• Confidence: A confident speaker is viewed as more credible and knowledgeable.
• Passion: Show sincerity and passion for your topic.

Selecting a Speech Topic

• Choose a topic you know about or want to learn more about.


• Brainstorm topics by making an inventory of your interests and using clustering
techniques.
• Research your topic to deepen your knowledge.
• Determine your general purpose: to inform or to persuade.
• Define your specific purpose in a single sentence.
• Evaluate your purpose to make sure it meets the assignment and is relevant to the
audience.
• Develop a central idea which is a concise statement of what you will say.

Organizing a Speech

• Organize your main points strategically, ensuring each point is clear and convincing.
• Use a logical structure: chronological, spatial, causal, topical, or problem-solution.
• Use supporting materials like examples, statistics, and testimony.
• Use transitions and connectives between parts of the speech.

Audience Analysis

• Good speakers are audience-centered, tailoring their message to gain a desired


response.
• Understand your audience's psychology, including their tendency to be egocentric and
their selective attention.
• Relate your message to the audience and explain why they should care about it.
• Analyze demographics, such as age, gender, religion, and cultural background.
• Avoid stereotyping your audience.
• Consider the situational aspects, such as audience size and physical setting.
• Be aware of the audience's disposition toward the speaker, topic, and occasion.
• Adapt your message before and during the speech.
• Read your audience through their reactions and movements.

Speech Information

• Use accurate and credible information.


• Evaluate your sources by asking if the information supports your purpose and is
credible.
• Start with current sources and then work back in time.
• Research general information before focusing on specific points.
• Use a variety of sources including the internet, libraries, corporate publications, and
interviews.
• Incorporate personal experiences and general knowledge.
• Use stories, quotes, statistics and facts to support your points.
By Soufiane
Persuasive Speech

• Persuasion is about motivating someone to change a belief, attitude, or behavior.


• Persuasion is not coercive but interactive and ethical.
• Understand that persuasion is usually incremental.
• Persuasive messages can be based on propositions of fact, value, or policy.
• Clearly state the purpose of your persuasive speech.
• Structure the message by describing the problem, solution, and desired audience
response.

Debating

• Debating involves expressing different opinions about something.


• Be aware of fallacies, which are errors in logic.
• Common fallacies include ad hominem attacks, extending an argument to an extreme,
either-or fallacies, appeals to authority, and argumentum ad populum.

Overcoming Fear of Public Speaking

• The fear of public speaking is common, and physical reactions can include a pounding
heart, dry mouth, and shaky hands.
• The fear of rejection contributes to speech anxiety.
• Myths about public speaking include that it is an inborn talent and that fear is
negative.
• Ways to manage fear include deep breathing, focusing on the message, and visualizing
success.
• A successful speech is judged by what the listener receives, using effective
storytelling, body language, tone of voice, pauses, and visual cues.

The Power of the Ps of a Successful Speech

• Preparation: Know your audience, familiarize yourself with the environment, outline
main points, and practice.
• Practice: Rehearse in front of others, anticipate questions, and record yourself
practicing.
• Perform: Plan thoroughly, overcome fear, use positive body language, and create
effective visuals.

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