WIDE INPUT 2A STEP DOWN CONVERTER

FSP3126
„ FEATURES „ GENERAL DESCRIPTION
z 2A Output Current The FSP3126 is a current-mode step-down DC/DC
z Up to 95% Efficiency converter that generates up to 2A of output current at
z 4.75V to 20V Input Range 410kHz switching frequency. The device utilizes
z 8µA Shutdown Supply Current ISOBCD20 process for operation with input voltages
z 410kHz Switching Frequency up to 20V.
z Adjustable Output Voltage Consuming only 8µA in shutdown mode, the
z Cycle-by-Cycle Current Limit Protection FSP3126 is highly efficient with peak operating
z Thermal Shutdown Protection efficiency at 95%. Protection features include
z Frequency Foldback at Short Circuit cycle-by-cycle current limit, thermal shutdown, and
z Stability with Wide Range of Capacitors, frequency foldback at short circuit.
Including Low ESR Ceramic Capacitors The FSP3126 is available in a SOP8L package and
z SOP8L Package requires very few external devices for operation.

„ Typical Application
z TFT LCD Monitors
z Portable DVDs
z Car-Powered or Battery-Powered Equipments
z Set-Top Boxes
z Telecom Power Supplies
z DSL and Cable Modems and Routers
z Termination Supplies

„ PIN ASSIGNMENT
(Top View)

BS 1 8 N/C

IN 2 7 EN
FSP3126
SW 3 6 COMP

G 4 5 FB

„ PIN DESCRIPTION
Name No. Description
Bootstrap. This pin acts as the positive rail for the high-side switch’s gate driver.
BS 1
Connect a 10nF capacitor between BS and SW.
Input Supply. Bypass this pin to G with a low ESR capacitor. See Input Capacitor
IN 2
in the Application Information section.
SW 3 Switch Output. Connect this pin to the switching end of the inductor.
G 4 Ground.
Feedback Input. The voltage at this pin is regulated to 1.293V. Connect to the
FB 5
resistor divider between output and ground to set output voltage.
Compensation Pin. See Stability Compensation in the Application Information
COMP 6
section.
Enable Input. When higher than 1.3V, this pin turns the IC on. When lower than
EN 7 0.7V, this pin turns the IC off. Output voltage is discharged when the IC is off.
When left unconnected, EN is pulled up to 4.5V tip with a 2µA pull up current.
N/C 8 Not Connected.

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FSP3126
„ ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Parameter Value Unit
IN Supply Voltage -0.3 to 25 V
SW Voltage -1 to VIN + 1 V
BS Voltage VSW – 0.3 to VSW + 8 V
EN, FB, COMP Voltage -0.3 to 6 V
Continuous SW Current Internally limited A
Junction to Ambient Thermal Resistance (θJA) 105 °C/W
Maximum Power Dissipation 0.76 W
Operating Junction Temperature -40 to 150 °C
Storage Temperature -55 to 150 °C
Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec) 300 °C
(Note: Exceeding these limits may damage the device. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for long
periods may affect device reliability.)

„ ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(VIN = 12V, TA= 25°C unless otherwise specified.)

Parameter Symbol Test Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit

Input Voltage VIN VOUT = 5V, ILOAD = 0A to 1A 7 20 V
Feedback Voltage VFB 4.75V ≤ VIN ≤ 20V, VCOMP = 1.5V 1.267 1.293 1.319 V
High-Side Switch On
RONH 0.20 Ω
Resistance
Low-Side Switch On
RONL 4.7 Ω
Resistance
SW Leakage VEN = 0 0 10 µA
Current Limit ILIMT 2.4 2.85 A
COMP to Current Limit
GCOMP 1.8 A/V
Transconductance
Error Amplifier
GEA ∆ICOMP = ±10µA 550 µA/V
Transconductance
Error Amplifier DC Gain AVEA 4000 V/V
Switching Frequency fSW 350 410 470 kHz
Short Circuit Switching
VFB = 0 50 kHz
Frequency
Maximum Duty Cycle DMAX VFB = 1.1V 90 %
Minimum Duty Cycle VFB = 1.4V 0 %
Enable Threshold Voltage Hysteresis = 0.1V 0.7 1 1.3 V
Pin pulled up to 4.5V typically when
Enable Pull Up Current 2 µA
left unconnected
Supply Current in Shutdown VEN = 0 8 20 µA
IC Supply Current in
VEN = 3V, VFB = 1.4V 0.7 mA
Operation
Thermal Shutdown
Hysteresis = 10°C 160 °C
Temperature

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FSP3126
„ FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM

IN

REGULATOR
ENABLE
EN & BS
REFERENCE
CURRENT SENSE
AMPLIFIER
COMP +
ERROR
AMPLIFIER
–
1.298V +
+ – + –
PWM
FB – COMPARATOR 0.2O
HIGH-SIDE
POWER
SWITCH
FOLDBACK SW
CONTROL OSCILLATOR
& LOGIC
RAMP
4.7O LOW-SIDE
POWER SWITCH

THERMAL
SHUTDOWN

„ FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
As seen in the above Figure, Functional Block Diagram, the FSP3126 is a current mode pulse width modulation
(PWM) converter. The converter operates as follows:
A switching cycle starts when the rising edge of the Oscillator clock output causes the High-Side Power Switch to turn
on and the Low-Side Power Switch to turn off. With the SW side of the inductor now connected to IN, the inductor
current ramps up to store energy in the magnetic field. The inductor current level is measured by the Current Sense
Amplifier and added to the Oscillator ramp signal. If the resulting summation is higher than the COMP voltage, the
output of the PWM Comparator goes high. When this happens or when Oscillator clock output goes low, the
High-Side Power Switch turns off and the Low-Side Power Switch turns on. At this point, the SW side of the inductor
swings to a diode voltage below ground, causing the inductor current to decrease and magnetic energy to be
transferred to output. This state continues until the cycle starts again.
The High-Side Power Switch is driven by logic using BS as the positive rail. This pin is charged to VSW + 6V when the
Low-Side Power Switch turns on.
The COMP voltage is the integration of the error between FB input and the internal 1.293V reference. If FB is lower
than the reference voltage, COMP tends to go higher to increase current to the output. Current limit happens when
COMP reaches its maximum clamp value of 2.55V.
The Oscillator normally switches at 410kHz. However, if FB voltage is less than 0.7V, then the switching frequency
decreases until it reaches a minimum of 50kHz at VFB = 0.5V.
Shutdown control
The FSP3126 has an enable input EN for turning the IC on or off. When EN is less than 0.7V, the IC is in 8µA low
current shutdown mode and output is discharged through the Low-Side Power Switch. When EN is higher than 1.3V,
the IC is in normal operation mode. EN is internally pulled up with a 2µA current source and can be left unconnected
for always-on operation. Note that EN is a low voltage input with a maximum voltage of 6V; it should never be directly
connected to IN.
Thermal Shutdown
The FSP3126 automatically turns off when its junction temperature exceeds 160°C.

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FSP3126
„ APPLICATION INFORMATION
Output Voltage Setting

Figure1. Output Voltage Setting

Figure 1 shows the connections for setting the output voltage. Select the proper ratio of the two feedback resistors
RFB1 and RFB2 based on the output voltage. Typically, use RFB2 ≈ 10kΩ and determine RFB1 from the following
equation:
⎛ V ⎞
R FB1 = R FB2 ⎜⎜ OUT − 1 ⎟⎟
⎝ 1.293 V ⎠ (1)
Inductor Selection
The inductor maintains a continuous current to the output load. This inductor current has a ripple that is dependent on
the inductance value: higher inductance reduces the peak-to-peak ripple current. The trade off for high inductance
value is the increase in inductor core size and series resistance, and the reduction in current handling capability. In
general, select an inductance value L based on the ripple current requirement:
VOUT • ( VIN − VOUT )
L=
VIN f SW I OUTMAX K RIPPLE
(2)
where VIN is the input voltage, VOUT is the output voltage, fSW is the switching frequency, IOUTMAX is the maximum
output current, and KRIPPLE is the ripple factor. Typically, choose KRIPPLE = 30% to correspond to the peak-to-peak
ripple current being 30% of the maximum output current.
With this inductor value, the peak inductor current is IOUT • (1 + KRIPPLE / 2). Make sure that this peak inductor current is
less that the 3A current limit. Finally, select the inductor core size so that it does not saturate at 3A. Typical inductor
values for various output voltages are shown in Table 1.

VOUT 1.5V 1.8V 2.5V 3.3V 5V

L 6.8µH 6.8µH 10µH 15µH 22µH

Table 1. Typical Inductor Values

Input Capacitor
The input capacitor needs to be carefully selected to maintain sufficiently low ripple at the supply input of the
converter. A low ESR capacitor is highly recommended. Since large current flows in and out of this capacitor during
switching, its ESR also affects efficiency.
The input capacitance needs to be higher than 10µF. The best choice is the ceramic type; however, low ESR tantalum
or electrolytic types may also be used provided that the RMS ripple current rating is higher than 50% of the output
current. The input capacitor should be placed close to the IN and G pins of the IC, with the shortest traces possible. In
the case of tantalum or electrolytic types, they can be further away if a small parallel 0.1µF ceramic capacitor is
placed right next to the IC.
Output Capacitor
The output capacitor also needs to have low ESR to keep low output voltage ripple. The output ripple voltage is:
VIN
+
VRIPPLE = I OUTMAX K RIPPLE R ESR 28 • f SW 2 LC OUT
(3)
where IOUTMAX is the maximum output current, KRIPPLE is the ripple factor, RESR is the ESR of the output capacitor, fSW is
the switching frequency, L is the inductor value, and COUT is the output capacitance. In the case of ceramic output
capacitors, RESR is very small and does not contribute to the ripple. Therefore, a lower capacitance value can be used
for ceramic capacitors. In the case of tantalum or electrolytic capacitors, the ripple is dominated by RESR multiplied by
the ripple current. In that case, the output capacitor is chosen to have sufficiently low ESR.

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FSP3126
For ceramic output capacitors, typically choose a capacitance of about 22µF. For tantalum or electrolytic capacitors,
choose a capacitor with less than 50mΩ ESR.
Rectifier Diode
Use a Schottky diode as the rectifier to conduct current when the High-Side Power Switch is off. The Schottky diode
must have a current rating higher than the maximum output current and a reverse voltage rating higher than the
maximum input voltage.
Stability Compensation

CCOMP2 is needed only for high ESR output capacitor

Figure 2. Stability Compensation
The feedback loop of the IC is stabilized by the components at the COMP pin, as shown in Figure 2. The DC loop gain
of the system is determined by the following equation:
1. 3V
AVDC = AVEA G COMP
I OUT
(4)
The dominant pole P1 is due to CCOMP:
G EA
f P1 =
2 πAVEA C COMP
(5)
The second pole P2 is the output pole:
I OUT
fP 2 =
2πVOUT C OUT
(6)
The first zero Z1 is due to RCOMP and CCOMP:
1
fZ1 =
2πR COMP C COMP
(7)
And finally, the third pole is due to RCOMP and CCOMP2 (if CCOMP2 is used):
1
fP 3 =
2πR COMP C COMP 2
(8)
The following steps should be used to compensate the IC:
STEP1. Set the crossover frequency at 1/10 of the switching frequency via RCOMP:
2 πVOUT C OUT f SW
R COMP =
10 G EAG COMP • 1. 3V
(9)
but limit RCOMP to 15kΩ maximum.
STEP2. Set the zero fZ1 at 1/4 of the crossover frequency. If RCOMP is less than 15kΩ, the equation for CCOMP is:

1 . 8 × 10 −5
C COMP = (F )
R COMP
(10)
If RCOMP is limited to 15kΩ, then the actual crossover frequency is 3.4 / (VOUTCOUT). Therefore:

CCOMP = 1.2 × 10 −5 VOUT COUT (F ) (11)

STEP3. If the output capacitor’s ESR is high enough to cause a zero at lower than 4 times the crossover frequency,
an additional compensation capacitor CCOMP2 is required. The condition for using CCOMP2 is:
⎛ 1 . 1 × 10 −6 ⎞
≥ Min ⎜⎜ ,0. 012 • VOUT ⎟
⎟ (Ω)
R ESRCOUT ⎝ COUT ⎠ (12)

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FSP3126
And the proper value for CCOMP2 is:
C OUT R ESRCOUT
C COMP 2 =
R COMP
(13)
Though CCOMP2 is unnecessary when the output capacitor has sufficiently low ESR, a small value CCOMP2 such as
100pF may improve stability against PCB layout parasitic effects.
Table 2 shows some calculated results based on the compensation method above.

VOUT COUT RCOMP CCOMP CCOMP2

2.5V 22µF Ceramic 8.2kΩ 2.2nF None
3.3V 22µF Ceramic 12kΩ 1.5nF None
5V 22µF Ceramic 15kΩ 1.5nF None
2.5V 47µF SP Cap 15kΩ 1.5nF None
3.3V 47µF SP Cap 15kΩ 1.8nF None
5V 47µF SP Cap 15kΩ 2.7nF None
2.5V 470µF/6.3V/30mΩ 15kΩ 15nF 1nF
3.3V 470µF/6.3V/30mΩ 15kΩ 22nF 1nF
5V 470µF/10V/30mΩ 15kΩ 27nF None

Table 2. Typical Compensation for Different Output Voltages and Output Capacitors
Figure 3 shows a sample FSP3126 application circuit generating 2.5V/2A output.

Figure3. FSP3126 2.5V/2A Output Application

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FSP3126
„ TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS

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FSP3126
„ ORDER INFORMATION

FSP3126XXX

Package: Packing: Temperature Grade:

S: SOP8L Blank: Tube or Bulk D: -40~85℃
A: Tape & Reel

„ MARKING INFORMATION

Logo

FSP3126 Part number

YYWWXX

Internal code
Date code:
YY: Year (01=2001)
WW: Nth week (01~52)

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FSP3126
„ PACKAGE INFORMATION

H
E

θ
7ο(4х)
D
7ο(4х)

0.015х45ο
A2

e
B
A1

VIEW “A”

Dimensions In Millimeters Dimensions In Inches

Symbol
Min. Nom. Max. Min. Nom. Max.
A 1.35 1.60 1.75 0.053 0.063 0.069
A1 0.10 0.25 0..004 0.010
A2 1.35 1.45 1.55 0.053 0.057 0.061
B 0.33 0.41 0.51 0.013 0.016 0.020
C 0.19 0.20 0.25 0.0075 0.008 0.010
D 4.80 4.90 5.00 0.192 0.196 0.200
E 3.80 3.90 4.00 0.148 0.154 0.160
e 1.27TYP. 0.050TYP.
H 5.80 5.99 6.30 0.228 0.236 0.248
L 0.38 0.71 1.27 0.015 0.028 0.050
θ 0ο 8ο 0ο 8ο

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