STUDENT’S BOOK & WORKBOOK

Carla Maurício Vianna

Charis Hannah
Gisele Aga
Henrick Oprea
João Gabriel Schenferd
Megha Ramesh

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-EXPAND_1_SB_WB_BOOK-.indb 1 23/04/19 14:43
 Head of Product - Pearson Brasil Juliano de Melo Costa The publisher would like to thank the following for their kind permission
to reproduce their photographs:
Product Manager - Pearson Brasil Marjorie Robles
Product Coordinator - ELT Mônica Bicalho 123RF: p. 73. ACPE: p. 57. Baldo: p. 41. Bridgeman: p. 47. Calvin & Hobbes:
Authors Carla Maurício Vianna p. 41, 116. Cartoonstock: p. 23. Cathy Guisewite: p. 40, 80. Drable, Kevin
Gisele Aga Fagan: p. 40. Dreamstime: p. 20, 56. Food and Agriculture Organization of
Henrick Oprea United Nations (FAO): p. 24. Harvard T.H. Chan - School of Public Health:
p. 20 (Healthy eating plate). iStock: capa, p. 12, 13, 15, 18, 25, 27, 28, 32,
Teacher’s Guide Carla Maurício Vianna 35, 53, 55, 56 (skateboarding), 61, 63, 71, 73, 106, 107, 108, 120. Jump
Gisele Aga Start: p. 40, 44. King Features Syndication: p. 116. Met Museum: p. 50.
Workbook Charis Hannah Ministério da Saúde: p. 109. Paws: p. 69. Penguin Modern Classics: p. 72,
Gisele Aga 78. Shutterstock: p. 9, 11, 17, 45, 46, 47, 59. Stuart Carlson: p. 80. The
Megha Ramesh Diana Award: p.42. Wonder Plugin: p. 60
João Gabriel Schenferd
Editor - ELT Gisele Aga Every effort has been made to trace the copyright holders and we
apologize in advance for any unintentional omissions. We would be
Renata S. C. Victor pleased to insert the appropriate acknowledgement in any subsequent
Editor (Teacher's Book) Simara H. Dal’Alba edition of this publication.
(Allya Assessoria Linguística)
Editorial Assistant - ELT Simara H. Dal’Alba
(Allya Assessoria Linguística)
Proofreader (English) Silva Serviços de Educação
Proofreader (Portuguese) Fernanda R. Braga Simon
Copyeditor Maria Estela Alcântara
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MRS Consultoria Editorial
Media Development Estação Gráfica Expand 1: Student’s Book / Carla Maurício Vianna...
Audio Maximal Studio [et al.]. -- São Paulo: Pearson Education do Brasil, 2019.
Audiovisual Editor Tatiane Almeida Outros autores: Charis Hannah, Gisele Aga,
Henrick Oprea, João Gabriel Schenferd, Megha Ramesh.
Audiovisual Desenrolados
ISBN 978-65-5011-028-4

1. Inglês (Ensino Médio) I. Vianna, Carla Maurício.

II. Hannah, Charis. III. Aga, Gisele.
IV. Oprea, Henrick. V. Schenferd, João Gabriel.
VI. Ramesh, Megha.

19-25472 CDD-420.7

Índices para catálogo sistemático:

1. Inglês: Ensino Médio 420.7
Maria Alice Ferreira - Bibliotecária - CRB-8/7964

ISBN 978-65-50110-28-4 (Student’s Book & Workbook)

ISBN 978-65-50110-29-1 (Teacher’s Book) 2019

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 Unit 1 ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
Unit 2 ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 17
Review 1 ................................................................................................................................................................................ 25

Unit 3 ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 27
Unit 4 ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 35
Review 2 ................................................................................................................................................................................ 43

Unit 5 ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 45
Unit 6 ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 53
Review 3 ................................................................................................................................................................................ 61

Unit 7 ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 63
Unit 8 ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 71
Review 4 ................................................................................................................................................................................ 79

Grammar Overview .......................................................................................................................................................... 81

Language Reference ...................................................................................................................................................... 85
Reading Strategies .......................................................................................................................................................... 93
Irregular Verbs ...................................................................................................................................................................... 94
Common Mistakes ........................................................................................................................................................... 96
False Friends ......................................................................................................................................................................... 97
Glossary ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 98
Workbook ............................................................................................................................................................................... 103
Audio Scripts ....................................................................................................................................................................... 136

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 CONTENTS

VOCABULARY LANGUAGE EXPAND YOUR LANGUAGE LISTENING

READING
IN USE IN USE 1 READING IN USE 2 COMPREHENSION

UNIT 1 Article:
What are the pull Suffixes used to Simple Ad campaigns Imperative Opinions about
Migration Trends
and push factors of form adjectives present about immigration form immigration
page 9 migration?

Simple
UNIT 2 present:
Tips for making Subject
“The First Wealth Quiz: Healthy Food items and interrogative Dietary guidelines
healthy eating and object
is Health” eating nutrition form and around the world
decisions pronouns
frequency
page 17
adverbs

Review 1 (Units 1-2)

Page 25

UNIT 3 Presentsimple
Pros and cons of Possessive Social media
Your Digital Self Social media posts False friends vs. present
social media adjectives extracts
continuous
page 27

UNIT 4
Magazine article: Comic strips
Establishing Phrasal verbs Modal verbs: Bullying advice:
How the teen about different
and Keeping related to Simple past can and an anti-bullying
brain transforms kinds of
Relationships relationships should campaign
relationships relationship
page 35

Review 2 (Units 3-4)

Page 43

Grammar Review Language Reference Reading Strategies Irregular Verbs

page 81 page 85 page 93 page 94

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 VOCABULARY LANGUAGE EXPAND YOUR LANGUAGE LISTENING
READING
IN USE IN USE 1 READING IN USE 2 COMPREHENSION

UNIT 5 Article: The most

relevant art today
Art: The Language Plural of Museum artifact Order of An artist talking
is taking place Prefixes
of Emotions nouns descriptions adjectives about his work
outside the art
page 45 world

UNIT 6 Seminar series A talk about

News report
Sport is No Longer calendar: Power Suffixes used to Comparative Superlative millennials’ impact
about the Olympic
Just Sport and politics of form nouns adjectives adjectives on the sports
Games Tokyo 2020
sports industry
page 53

Review 3 (Units 5-6)

page 61

UNIT 7 The ’s for

Newspaper article: Book summary: A talk about English
Globish: possession: Possessive
So, what’s this Idioms The Future of being a global
Fad or Fact? the genitive pronouns
Globish revolution? English? language
case
page 63

UNIT 8 Book excerpt: The

Packing for
Tips on how to An interview about
a trip and Modal verb:
Hit the Road Great Railway Used to travel with only a traveling on a radio
means of must
Bazaar carry-on bag show
page 71 transportation

Review 4 (Units 7-8)

page 79

Common Mistakes False Friends Glossary Workbook Audio Scripts

page 96 page 97 page 98 page 103 page 136

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 PRESENTATION
STUDENT’S BOOK
Welcome to the Expand collection! Expand prepares students for the English part of Brazilian exams ENEM and
vestibular, which are aimed at testing students’ ability to read a wide variety of authentic texts of different genres.
Expand provides students with listening, speaking, and writing activities that help them to develop their overall
knowledge of the language. Each thematic unit contains two reading sections that introduce grammar and vocabulary
topics, as well as listening comprehension activities that give students contact with oral text genres.

OPENING PAGE
Each unit starts with an opening page containing:

IN THIS UNIT YOU WILL… LEAD OFF

This shows the main objectives for This section presents three to four questions for content contextualization.
the unit.

IN THIS UNIT YOU WILL…

• talk about migration and its
causes and results; What documents can you see in
the picture?
• use the simple present to
describe facts and routines; LEAD OFF What does the word immigration
mean to you?
• use the imperative form to Why do people migrate?
make requests and provide
directions.
READING
READING PAGES BEFORE READING
How
This two-page section contains the first reading text and activities of the unit. It much do
develops you know
reading about Globish?
strategies and Check ( ) the statemen
is subdivided into the following stages: READING
check your answers. Using previous knowledge

a. ( ) Globish is a sophisticated version of English used by nativ

BEFORE READING BEFOREb.READING Bridging and relating to the topic
READING ( ) The word Globish is a blend of the words Globe and Engli
READING
This section contains one or two 1. Not everything c. you( read ) Globishabout nutrition is true. Readauxiliary
is an international the statements and guess
language usedtheby one
non
activities that help students to prepare BEFORE
BEFOREREADING your teacher.
READING Bridging and relating to the topic

1.How much a.read(about

do youyou
know ) Globish?
LunchCheck
is is the ) most
( Read the important
thestatements youmeal
thatguessthink ofthat
are the
true. day.
Then read
true. the text andwith d. ( ) Milk is one of th
for the text topic, which is presented Not
check
everything
youryour answers.
teacher.
about nutrition
WHILE READINGto give up sweets.
true.
Activating previous knowledge
statements and the ones are not Then, check

) Globish is ab. ( ) People version ofwith

Englishdiabetes don’t need e. ( ) Egg yolks are u
a. ( ) Lunch is the most important meal of the day. d. ( ) Milk is one of the best and cheapest calcium sources.
in the section WHILE READING. a. ( sophisticated used by native speakers.
Read partaren’t of anpart article about diet. the Globish revolution. According to
b. ( ) People with diabetes don’t need to give up sweets. e. ( ) Egg yolks are unhealthy.
b. (
c. (aren’t)partCarbohydrates
) The word Globish is a blend of the words Globe and English.
c. ( ) Carbohydrates of a healthy diet. of a healthy
business
c. ( ) Globish is an international auxiliary people
language used using
by non-native Globish?
speakers.
Scanning
2. Work in small groups. Discuss the statements from activity 1. Relate the myths or facts to your reality at home and at school.
2. Work in small groups. Discuss the statements from activity 1. Relate the myths or facts t
WHILE READING
WHILE READING Read part of an article about the Globish revolution. According to the writer, is it easier or harder to communicate with
WHILE READING
business people using Globish? Scanning
In this section students read a text
So, what’s this Globi
1. Have a quick look at the text’s layout and title. Then read the statements below and underline the one that Skimming

and answer a question related to it.

best summarizes it.
WHILE READING
a. The text persuades readers to buy a product.

Texts are a variety of different genres So, what’s this Globish reand
b. The text invites readers to join an event.
1. Have a quick look at the text’s layout votitle.
lutThenionread
? the statements below and und
c. The text measures readers’ knowledge about a topic.
and aimed at developing several useQuiz
bestsortsummarizes
some
it. I say tomato... you say red, round fruit. Increa
I say tomato... you say red, round fruit. Increasingly, people across
the world
2. Take the Fruit below andof
test your knowledge.
English, but it is not the Queen’s. Robert McCrum, Observer

reading strategies. a. The

Literary text
Editor, persuades
reports readers
on why Globish to buy a- product.
use some sort of English, but it is not the Que
- English-lite is becoming the
universal language of the boardroom, the net and politics
b. The text invites readers to joinLiterar an event. y Editor, reports on why Globish - E
https://www.choosemyplate.gov/quiz

Jean-Paul Nerriere is the kind of high-flying

DIGITAL COPY
Quiz Time! millennium’. In a momentunivers al langua
of pure inspiration he ge of boardroom,
Frenchman c.which
at Thethetext measures
Grandes Ecoles excel:readers’called
knowledge about a topic.
it ‘Globish’ (pronounced ‘globe-ish’).
QUESTION cosmopolitan
1 , witty, voluble and insatiably QUESTION 6
5 curious 30 Globish is not ‘pidgin’ or ‘broken’ English
Which of theseabout the world around him.eating
Formerly a but
Fiber found in fruit is associated with which of theit
Take the Fruit Quizhebelow and is
testhealth
highly
your knowledge.
nutrients can you get from whole
naval 2. simplified and unidiomatic. Nerriere
Jean-Paul Nerriere is the kind of high-flying
commander, then ina juice?
businessman, is the outcomes?
m
fruit that is not usually found following
proud
( ) Vitamins holder of the Legion d’Honneur.( In) Sugar observes that in Globish you could never say,
( ) Minerals ( ) Fiber his blue ( ) Strengthening bones

Frenchman at which the Grandes Ecoles excel:

( )‘This
blazer erstwhile buddy of yours is a weird duck
2 and cravat, twinkly Nerriere cuts a dashing
c
QUESTION Maintaining proper bowel function
figure, nutrient
Potassium is aseems muchthatyounger than his 65 years ( )who will probably
muscle put the kibosh on all our good
-EXPAND_1_SB_WB_BOOK-.indb 6 many Americans don’t get Building
23/04/19 14:43
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Which of athesurprising
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 Un

AFTER READING
AFTER READING
1. Check ( ) the statement that best summarizes the excerpt you have just read. Understanding main ideas
Unit 8

a. ( ) The writer is recounting the beginningAFTER

This section has comprehension of his READINGfriend’s journey on a modern streetcar in Istanbul.
activities to help develop different
b. ( ) The narrator is detailing the start of his
a. ( travel
) The writer on the the Direct-Orient
beginning of his friend’sExpress to Istanbul.
1. Check ( ) the statement that best summarizes the excerpt you have just read. Understanding main ideas

is recounting journey on a modern streetcar in Istanbul.

aŠer-reading strategies related b. ( ) The narrator is detailing the start of his travel on the Direct-Orient Express to Istanbul.
c. ( ) Duffill
to reading comprehension. Theseis telling the story about his trip
c. ( from
) Duffill isLondon
telling the storyto Istanbul
about on tothe
his trip from London Direct-Orient
Istanbul Express.
on the Direct-Orient Express.

2. Whose voices are those in the text?

strategies are presented next to the Recognizing the voices in a text

2. Whose voices are those in the text? Recognizing the voices in a text
instruction for each reading activity.
3. Decide if the sentences are true (T) or false (F). Understanding details

a. ( ) In Molesworth’s opinion, the Orient Express is better off these days than it was in the past.

VOCABULARY PAGES
b. ( ) Duffill wasn’t carrying any luggage.

3. Decide if the sentences are true (T) or false (F). Unit 8 Understanding details
c. ( ) The Orient Express taken by the narrator ran between Paris and Istanbul.
d. ( ) The narrator brought a hamper along because a friend had advised him to do so.
This stage develops students’ vocabulary through activitiese. containing vocabulary from the text and related to the topic
AFTER READING a. ( ) In Molesworth’s opinion, the Orient Express is better off these days than it was in the past.
( ) Although he was not an actor, Molesworth’s elegant style made him look like one.
of the unit.
1. Check ( ) the statement that best summarizes the excerpt you have just read. Understanding main ideas

b.the (beginning) ofDuffill

a. ( ) The writer is recounting wasn’t
his friend’s journey carrying
on a modern any luggage.
streetcar in Istanbul.
b. ( ) The narrator is detailing the start of his travel on the Direct-Orient Express to Istanbul.

c. ( ) The Orient Express taken by the narrator ran between

YOURParis
INand
USEIstanbul.
c. ( ) Duffill is telling the story about his trip from London to Istanbul on the Direct-Orient Express.
EXPAND YOUR VOCABULARY
2. Whose voices are those in the text?
EXPAND
VOCABULARY VOCABULARY
Recognizing the voices in a text

This 3.section contains d.(T) or( false

Decide if the sentences are true
one )(F). The narrator
to three broughtrelated
activities
Understanding details a hamper along
to the because
Here studentsa friend had areadvised
1. Match the words in bold with their meanings.
presented him with to doan so.example of target
a. ( ) In Molesworth’s opinion, the Orient Express is better off these days than it was in the past. a. “He assembled his parcels and, grunting, produced a suitcase, [...]”
vocabulary presented in the text. It also prompts students vocabulary taken from the main reading text and do
e. ( ) Although he was not an actor, Molesworth’s
b. ( ) Duffill wasn’t carrying any luggage.
elegant
b. “He inserted style
his eyeglass and made
found the bottle and,him
pouring,look
said, [...]”like one.
to engage in conversational topics based on the text they c. “Afteractivities
c. ( ) The Orient Express taken by the narrator ran between Paris and Istanbul.
torestdevelop
several minutes the of the passengerstheir vocabulary
went into their compartments [...]” knowledge.
d. ( ) The narrator brought a hamper along because a friend had advised him to do so.
d. “Duffill had gathered up his parcels and his strapped suitcase and moved down the platform.”
have read.
e. ( ) Although he was not an actor, Molesworth’s elegant style made him look like one.
e. “But it has also been hallowed by fiction: [...]”
f. “It’s a smallish firm, but we do all right.”
( ) separate areas into which a plane, ship, or train is divided

EXPAND YOUR VOCABULARY VOCABULARY IN USE

( ) objects that have been wrapped in paper or put in a special envelope
( ) respected or greatly admired

EXPAND YOUR VOCABULARY

( ) an adjective to describe
1. The prefix non-something
is added to fairly small of the word profit to create a new word in meaning: nonprofit. Read the examples of
the beginning
the most common prefixes and complete the table with the words possible and ordinary, adding the correct prefix to them.
1. Match the words in bold with their meanings. ( ) making a liquid or other substance flow out of or into a container by holding it at an angle
a. “He assembled his parcels and, grunting, produced a suitcase, [...]”
( ) the raised place beside a railway Prefix
track where you get on and off a train in a station
Meaning Example
b. “He inserted his eyeglass and found the bottle and, pouring, said, [...]” Adapted from www.ldoceonline.com. Accessed on June 20, 2018.
anti- against / opposed to anti-government
c. “After several minutes the rest of the passengers went into their compartments [...]”
d. “Duffill had gathered up his parcels and his strapped suitcase and moved down the platform.” 2. What are the most common means of transportation
dis- for long distances? What means of transportation
reverse or remove disagree do you use on long-
distance trips? How can you comparedown-
ship to air travel in termsreduce
of speed, comfort, and luggagedowngrade
or lower capacity? Exchange ideas
e. “But it has also been hallowed by fiction: [...]”
with a classmate.
f. “It’s a smallish firm, but we do all right.” extra- beyond

1. Match the words in bold with their meanings.

( ) separate areas into which a plane, ship, or train is divided illegal
( ) objects that have been wrapped in paper or put in a special envelope

a. “He assembled his parcels and, grunting, produced a suitcase, [...]”

il- / im- / in- / ir- not
( ) respected or greatly admired insecure 73
( ) an adjective to describe something fairly small irregular

LANGUAGE IN USE
b. “He 1 his eyeglass and found the bottleEXPAND
inserted and, pouring,YOUR
said, [...]”READING
( ) making a liquid or other substance flow out of or into a container by holding it at an angle
( ) the raised place beside a railway track where you get on and off a train in a station
Adapted from www.ldoceonline.com. Accessed on June 20, 2018.
mis-

non-
incorrectly

not
misspelled

nonpayment

c. the“After firstseveral minutes theofrest ofusethe Itpassengers Thiswent into contains

their compartments [...]”
re- again redo
This 2.page presents
What are the most common means of transportation grammar
for long distances? topic
What means the
of transportation unit.
do you on long- section another text for students to work on
co- together, mutually co-worker
distance trips? How can you compare ship to air travel in terms of speed, comfort, and luggage capacity? Exchange ideas

contains examplesd.from
with a classmate.
the text and activities
“Duffill had gathered up his parcels and his strapped that develop both the text genre and
suitcase and moved down the platform.”
2. Circle the prefix in the words below. comprehension.
students’ grammar knowledge in the target language. a. dishonest d. extraterrestrial g. misbehave j. anti-racist

e. “But it has also been hallowed by fiction: 73 [...]” b. redo e. non-smoking h. downhearted k. immigrate
c. illiterate f. irresponsible i. incapable

LANGUAGE INf. USE “It’s1a smallish firm, but we do all right.” 3. Complete the sentences with a word from activity 2.
Unit 7 EXPAND
a. YOUR
My grade was extremely low, so my READING
teacher told me to my essay.
b. Brian was because his friend was moving away.
THE ’S FOR POSSESSION ( ) separate areas into which a plane, ship, or train1. Read
isc. Itthe
divided
wastexts and check the correct of you totoleave
option her alone.
complete the sentence.
1. The excerpt below is from the reading text on page 64. Circle the possessive with ‘s. d. The city’s road system is
Cathy November 18, 2010
of handling such a volume of traffic.

( ) objects that
[…] people across the worldhave
use some been wrapped in paper or put in a special envelope
e. How do scientists search for life?
sort of English, but it is not the Queen’s. f. One of my principles is that we should never be . Honesty is extremely important for our character.

( ) respected or greatly admired

2. Read the sentences below, paying close attention to the ‘s. Then write P for the ones that refer to a possessive and B for the
4. What do these sentences mean? Underline the correct alternative.
ones that refer to the verb be.

( ) an adjective to describe something fairly small

I’m worried that they will disappear before they pay.
a. ( ) Will’s here because learning a foreign language is
c. ( ) What’s the text about?
important for our future. d. ( ) Kelly’s Spanish teacher wants to retire next year. a. I’m worried that they will appear again before they pay.
b. ( ) That woman’s language is very different from ours.
Is it Japanese?
( ) making a liquid or other substance flow out of orb.into a container by holding it at an angle
I’m worried that they will not appear again before they pay.

3. Now analyze the structures in bold in the sentences below and complete the rules with the words from the box.
I think you misunderstood my instructions. I said you needed to complete it by Thursday, not Tuesday.

( ) the raised place beside a railway track where youa.get

a. This is that blond girl’s old doll.
ondidn’tDrabble
I think you and off
understand
b. If you’d like to play with the children’s toys, you should ask them for permission. a train
November 16, 2012
my instructions in Itawasstation
correctly. Thursday, not Tuesday.
c. You cannot get those books. They are our teachers’ books.
b. I think you understood my instructions, but decided to complete it on Tuesday instead of Thursday.
d. Jack and Jill are siblings. Jack and Jill’s parents are at home now.
e. John’s and Mary’s cars were stolen on the same day! Adapted from www.ldoceonline.com. Accessed on June 20, 2018
48
plural after each one ’s ’ irregular one object

a. We add 2. What are the most common means of transportation for long distances? What means of transportation do you use on long-
to nouns in the singular form to express possession.

distance trips? How can you form.compare train to air travel in terms of speed, comfort, and luggage capacity? Exchange ideas
b. The possessed item always comes the person who has the possession.
c. We add only when the possession refers to a regular noun in the
d. If the noun has an
e. If there is only
with a classmate.
plural form, we need to use ’s to form the possessive.
that belongs to two or more people, we add ’s only after the last person.
JumpStart June 10, 2010

f. If there are two different objects that belong to two or more different people, we use the ’s after of the people.

4. Rewrite the sentences below using ’s or ’.

a. The sister of my uncle speaks six different languages.

b. The mother of Susan and Michael is a very nice lady who was born overseas.

c. This car belongs to those women.

d. These T-shirts belong to the students.

DIGITAL COPY Comic strips...
(
Extracted from https://assets.amuniversal.com. Accessed on May 19, 2018.

) present words and are seen in books or newspapers. They describe the pictures and explain what they show.
( ) present a series of pictures, usually organized horizontally, designed as a narrative or a chronological sequence.
5. Now rewrite these sentences with the verbs given also expressing possession.
2. Circle the correct options to complete the characteristics of comic strips.
-EXPAND_1_SB_WB_BOOK-.indb 7 (belongs)
a. This is my sister’s computer.
Comic strips... 23/04/19 14:43
 PRESENTATION
LANGUAGE IN USE 2
WORKBOOK
This page presents the second grammar topic of the unit. Unit 2
Each unit has four pages of reading, vocabulary, and
It contains examples from the text in Expand your reading
grammar activities. It also has an ENEM or vestibular
9. Complete the article with the words from the box.
and activities that develop students’ grammar knowledge
question in the section AN EYE ON ENEM / VESTIBULAR. habits consume have intakes important

in the target language. fat vegetables is (x2) breakfast gain

Breakfast eating among Brazilian adolescents: Analysis of the National Dietary

Unit 1 Migration
SurveyTrends
2008-2009

LANGUAGE IN USE 2 Unit 4 Eating habits have a significant influence on the growth, development,
and health of individuals. High consumption of fat and sugar-rich foods
1. Look at the bar andchart
lowextracted
consumptionfromof the UN’s
fruit International vegetables
and Migration Report 2017 has and
beenfind information
observed among to Brazilian
complete the
MODAL VERBS – CAN and SHOULD sentences below.adolescents, resulting in nutritionally inadequate diets. Meal skipping and eating away from home
Scanning
have also been observed. Moreover, when compared to adults and older adults, Brazilian adolescents
1. Read some extracts from the comics on page 40 and statements about them. Decide if the statements are true (T) or a. The chart compares migration
consume in the years and .
more so drinks, cookies, and sandwiches and fewer beans, salads, and
false (F). Correct the false ones. b. The countryvegetables.
which had the largest number of migrants in both years was .
Breakfast is considered the first and most important
24 hours a day, 7 days a week, I can log on and a. ( ) In the first extract, can expresses ability. c. In 2000, Canada hosted million international migrants.
meal of the day. The quality of food at breakfast has been identified as essential for children and
experience feelings I never thought possible…
d. In 2017, the United Kingdom hosted
adolescents to achieve or maintain adequatemillion international migrants.
health conditions since the consumption of cereal and
fruit is important for the prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases.
b. ( ) The modal should used in the second extract indicates
Well, maybe you should buy a a piece of advice. In childrenorand
Twenty countries areas hosting the largestbreakfast
adolescents, has been associated
numbers of international migrants,with improvement in
muzzle for your stupid dog! 2000 andattention,
2017, number
memory,ofand migrants
mood; it(millions)
has also been possibly associated with improvements in motivation,
cognitive function, and academic achievement, as well as with higher intakes of
Unites States of America 34.8 Unites States of Americahabits 49.8
c. ( ) In the third extract, cannot means not able to. vitamin D and calcium. However, irregular breakfast have been associated
Russian Federations 11.9 Saudigain
Arabia 12.2
explain to her that I cannot answer with unfavorable health outcomes and weight among adolescents.
even the simplest question Germany 9.0 Germany 12.2
Adapted from www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1415-52732017000400463. Accessed on June 26, 2018.

LISTENING COMPREHENSION
India 6.4 Russian Federations 11.7
d. ( ) In the fourth extract, can is used to ask what is
France 6.3 United Kingdom 8.8
probable to happen.
Can you at least remind me what AN EYE
UkraineON ENEM
5.5 United Arab Emirates 8.3
her name is? Canada 5.5 France 7.9

This section contains listening activities with authentic ENEM 2016 –Saudi Arabia
Prova Azul
United Kingdom
5.3
4.7
Canada
Australia
7.9
7.0
Questão 95
2. Read the comic strip below and answer the question in pairs. Then share your opinions about it.
texts aimed at developing
In the first and second students’
panels of the strip, is can used listening skills.
for possibility or permission? BOGOF (buy one, Australia
get one free)4.4
is used as a noun in ‘There are some greatSpain
bogofs 5.9
on at the supermarket’ or as an

LISTENING
Baldo
COMPREHENSION
September 09, 2010
adjective, usually
When you combine
Pakistan
with a word
Kazakhstan
4.2 such as offer or deal – ‘there are some great
2.9 letters of the words in a phrase or the name
the first India
5.9
Italy bogof offers
5.2
in store’.
of an organization, you have an acronym.
Iran (Islamicare
Acronyms Republic
spoken of) as a2.8 Ukraine
word so NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) 5.0 pronounced N-A-T-O. We say
is not
China, Hongwhen
Jong SAR 2.7 is quite comical for a native speaker,Turkey 4.9like an insult. ‘Bog off!’ meaning
1. Work in pairs and discuss the questions below. Answers will vary. NATO. Bogof, said outloud, as it sounds
Unitedleave
Arab Emirates 2.4slightly childish and a little old-fashioned.
South Africa 4.0
LISTENING COMPREHENSION
a. How concerned are you about your privacy online?
b. How do social media platforms make money?
go away, me alone, is
BOGOF is the best-known Italy 2.1of the supermarket marketing strategies. The concept3.6was first imported from the USA
Kazahstan
Cóte d’Ivore
during the 1970s recession,2.0 when food prices were very high. It came Thailand 3.6
back into fashion in the late 1990s, led by big
c. Can you think of an alternative way for them to make money? supermarket chains Jordantrying1.9to gain a competitive advantage over each Pakistan 3.4
other. Consumers were attracted by the idea
1. It’s common sense that respect is mandatory in all sorts 3. Listen to Danny Boy and choose the correct options to that they could get Israel 1.9
something for nothing. Who could possibly say ‘no’?Jordan 3.2
of relationships.
2. You will hear fiveBut what happens
different extracts with
aboutlack of respect?
social complete
media networks and the sentences.
how people use them. Match each extract (1–5) with
06 Japan 1.7 Kuwait 3.1
Haveofyou
one theseen or experienced
opinions below. situations of disrespect in Disponível em: www.bbc.co.uk. Acesso em: 2 ago. 2012 (adaptado).
relationships? Share your answers. a. Danny Boy is... Source: United Nations (2017a)
05 a. ( 2 ) We need to think about both the pros and the cons of social media Considerando-se
“China, Hong Kong SAR”as informações
to China, Hong do
Kongtexto, a expressão “bogof” é usada para
( ) any time we
a former log of
victim onbullying.
to one of these sites. Notes: Refers Special Administrative Region

a. anunciar mercadorias em promoção. d. indicar recessão na economia.

Below
2. b. ( 4 ) isSome
a poster
mediafrom a campaign
sites are great held
toolsby and TheweDiana
don’t need to feel guilty ( about usingbully.
Extracted from www.assets.amuniversal.com/7a5c2fa0ca650131604c005056a9545dw. Accessed on May 20, 2018.
) a former them. Extracted from www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/publications/migrationreport/docs/MigrationReport2017_Highlights.pdf. Accessed on May 25, 2018.
Award, an independent Britishtocharity whose aim is to b. pedir para uma pessoa se retirar. e. chamar alguém em voz alta.
c. (Choose
3. 1 ) It isthe correct
difficult foroption complete
competitors to dealthe
empower young people to change the world. What kind of
comics.
with social media giantsb.these days. to Danny Boy, ...
According 2. Complete these excerpts
c. comprar produtoswith
forathe
de verb
moda.be in the affirmative or negative form.
campaign is it?Hobbes ( ) one should control other people’s lives.
(Calvin and is a lot of talkFebruary 26, 1990 but the social media landscape a. “Immigration the international movement of people into a destination country of which they are
is
d. 5 ) There about innovation, is not innovative at the moment.
not natives [...]”
should I go ( ) one should control his/her own life. 111
e. ( 3 ) Just like it happened
can’t I with cars and paint, social networks need to offer safety tools.
Extracted from www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immigration. Accessed on March 10, 2018.
stay c. Danny Boy used to feel scared...
3. Go to the audio script on page 136 and check your answers. Then do the
( activities that follow. b. “[...] As for economic effects, research suggests that migration is beneficial both to the receiving and sending

EXPAND YOUR HORIZONS DIGITAL COMPONENTS

) so he decided to go to his friend’s house.
a. Choose three words or phrasescan’t
from thebeaudio scripts that you would like to learn.
things countries. [...]”
( ) and wanted to avoid the person who habitually
b. Ask your friends if they know the meaning of the words you have chosen.intimidated him. Extracted from www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immigration. Accessed on March 10, 2018.

c. Write down one original sentence using each one of the words ord.phrases. c. Launched in May 2016, I am not a refugee is a digital platform that intends to humanize the discussions about
Danny Boy says the bullied should (select two)...
In this end-of-unit section, students
Answers will vary. ( ) call are
the policepresented
immediately. with Video lessons for all Language in Use and Vocabulary in
refugees; to allow refugees to speak for themselves; and to fight growing populism, fears, stereotypes, and prejudice.
Adapted from www.workshopx.org/im-not-refugee. Accessed on March 10, 2018.
( ) approach the ones who like them.
three statements that allow them( )to discuss the
open up and talk to people.
topic in
Extracted from www.assets.amuniversal.com/6ac251f0dece013171ac005056a9545dw. Accessed on May 20, 2018. Use104sections and for exam practice.
a. ( ) can I go / should I stay / can things be
the listening comprehension section and think critically
b. ( ) should I go / can’t I stay / can’t things be
( ) join a therapy group.

4. Work in small groups. Discuss the questions below with

about it while using the target language. your classmates. Then report your answers to the class.
41
a. What other damages can be caused when people
disrespect and violate the standards of good
relationships?
EXPAND YOUR HORIZONS b. When you come across a conflict in a relationship, how
do you usually cope with it?
Check ( ) the column that best describes your opinion about each statement. Then discuss your answers with your
classmates and teacher,Extracted
justifying your point of view.
from www.youtube.com/watch?v=F3kR5fwscg4. c. Do all countries have the same cultural values regarding
Accessed on May 20, 2018. relationships at all levels? Justify your answer.
I agree. I’m not sure. I disagree.
EXPAND YOUR HORIZONS
a. More and more consumer products will be launched on
Check ( media
social ) the due
column
to allthat best describes
the personal yourpeople
information opinion about each statement. Then discuss your answers with your
classmates
give away.and teacher, justifying your point of view.
Answers will vary.
b. As more and more users buy likes and followers on I agree. I’m not sure. I disagree.
Instagram, influencer marketing through social media will
become more difficult.
a. Compromise is a crucial part of a relationship. Everyone should
make
c. In thesacrifices for the
near future, sake of relating
regardless of theirto
jobothers
title, effectively.
people will
need to adapt to the online social sphere in order to be
b. Understanding the background of the people you relate to
successful.
helps maintain healthy relationships at all levels.

c. Communication, acceptance, and respect are inherited traits

of any good relationship and the lack of those may bring
about serious damage to people.

REVIEW
34
Mock test generator with major Brazilian Vestibular and
Every two units there is a two-page section for students to ENEM questions to prepare students for these exams.
42
review and practice the language they have learned so far.

Units 1 and 2
REVIEW 1
1. Skim the text below and check ( ) the best option to complete the statement. Skimming

The purpose of this text is...

a. ( ) to inform the reader about eating habits in Brazil.
b. ( ) to convince the reader to buy a book about eating customs in Brazil.

http://thebrazilbusiness.com/article/dining-culture-in-brazil

Cynthia Fujikawa Nes

DIGITAL COPY
Co-Founder The Brazil Business
Updated
August 13, 2016

Dining Culture in Brazil

Brazilians are people who enjoy eating and like doing it Eating times in the aernoon are not a Brazilian habit,
a lot, even with only three meals. Here you will discover so do not expect to have a meal then. Some people
A03_ELT_EXPAND_1_SB_WB_PRESENTATION.indd
more about the Brazilian eating habits, such as tips on 8 coffee during this period, but since most Brazilians
drink 16/07/19 14:58
 UNIT
1 Migration Trends

IN THIS UNIT YOU WILL…

• talk about migration and its
causes and results;
• use the simple present to
describe facts and routines;
• learn how to form adjectives What documents can you see in
using suffixes; the picture?

• use the imperative form to

make requests and provide
LEAD OFF What does the word immigration
mean to you?
Why do people migrate?
directions.

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 READING
BEFORE READING Relating to the topic

There are several reasons why people migrate. Number the reasons from 1 (the most common) to 4 (the least common)
in your opinion.

environmental economic cultural socio-political

migrate [intransitive + from/to] if people migrate, they go to live in

another area or country, especially in order to find work
Extracted from www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/migrate. Accessed on May 4, 2018.

WHILE READING Skimming

Skim the text to find out its main objective. Then check ( ).
a. ( ) To describe the writer’s own experiences.
b. ( ) To inform the reader about why people migrate.

http://eschooltoday.com/migration/the-pull-and-push-factors-of-migration.html

What are the Pull and Push Factors of Migration?

People migrate for a number of reasons. These reasons may fall under these four areas: Environmental, Economic,
Cultural, and Socio-political. Within these areas, the reasons may also be ‘push’ or ‘pull ’ factors.

Push Factors Pull Factors

Push factors are those that Pull factors are those in the destination country that attract the
force the individuals to move individual or group to leave their home. Those factors are known
voluntarily, and in many cases, 20 as “place utility”, which is the desirability of a place that attracts
they are forced because they people. Better economic opportunities, more jobs, and the promise
5 risk something if they stay. of a better life often pull people into new locations.
Push factors may include
conflict, drought, famine, or Sometimes individuals have ideas and perceptions about places
extreme religious activity. 25 that are not necessarily correct, but are strong pull factors for them.
As people grow older and retire, many look for places with warm
Poor economic activity and weather and peaceful and comfortable locations to spend their
10 lack of job opportunities retirement after a lifetime of hard work and savings. Such ideal
are also strong push factors places are pull factors too.
for migration. Other strong
push factors include race, Very often, people consider and prefer different opportunities closer
discriminating cultures, 30 to their location than similar opportunities farther away. In the
15 political intolerance, and same vein, people often like to move to places with better cultural,
persecution of people who political, climatic, and general terrain located closer to them. It is
question the status quo. rare to find people who move very long distances to settle in places
that they have little knowledge of.

Adapted from http://eschooltoday.com/migration/the-pull-and-push-factors-of-migration.html. Accessed on June 25, 2018.

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 Unit 1
AFTER READING
1. Label the pictures according to the dictionary entries below. Can you exchange the labels Understanding main ideas
of the pictures? Why (not)?

immigrant
someone who enters another country to live there permanently
refugee
someone who has been forced to leave their country, especially during a war, or for political or religious reasons
Extracted from www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/refugee. Accessed on June 26, 2018.

a b

2. Underline the incorrect information Understanding details 3. Rewrite the statements from activity 2 with the correct
in each statement. information.

a. Poor economic activity and a great number of job a.

opportunities are also strong push factors for migration.

b. Push factors do not include conflict, drought, famine, or b.

extreme religious activity.

c. Push factors are those in the destination country that

c.
attract the individual or group to leave their home.

d. As people grow older and retire, some look for places

with warm weather. d.

EXPAND YOUR VOCABULARY

1. Find the words in italics in the reading. Then match each word with its meaning.
( ) conflict a. unwillingness to accept ways of thinking and behaving that are different from your own
( ) drought b. a long period of time when there is little or no rain
( ) famine c. a state of disagreement or argument between people, groups, countries, etc.
( ) intolerance d. a situation in which a large number of people have little or no food for a long time and many people die
( ) persecution e. cruel or unfair treatment of someone over a period of time, especially because of their religious or
political beliefs
2. What about your country or the area where you live? Does it have any of the issues mentioned above? Use some of the
vocabulary from activity 1 to write a statement describing a similar issue where you live.

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 VOCABULARY IN USE
1. The suffix -al is used to form adjectives from nouns, with the meaning “relating to”. The word cultural in the text means
“relating to a particular society and its way of life”. Go back to the text on page 10 and find other adjectives formed using
the suffix -al.

2. Use the following adjectives to complete the sentences.

environmental international musical political presidential

a They are a very family.

b. Ocean pollution is a serious issue.
c. This is an event organized by activists.
d. A large crowd was in front of the palace.
e. Immigration is an important issue.

3. Use the suffixes in the columns to create new words from the words in the box.

access adventure artist attract danger economy

harm help hope invent sleeve understand

-able / -ible -ful -ic / -ical -ive -less -ous

4. Complete the sentences below with some adjectives from 5. Work with a partner. Describe one person and one thing in
the table in activity 3. you classroom using adjectives with suffixes.
a. My brother is highly . He
loves to create new things.

b. It’s terribly hot here in the summer, so wear

shirts.

c. She is such an girl that she

is always looking for a new place to visit.

d. Susan is such a nice and

girl. She always offers help when needed.

e. The hotel is only by boat

as it is located on a island.

f. I love to watch the in the

synchronized swimming event in the Olympics.

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 LANGUAGE IN USE 1 Unit 1

SIMPLE PRESENT
1. Read these excerpts from the text on page 10. Focus on the underlined words. Then decide if the statements are true ( T ) or false ( F ).
Push factors are those that force the It is rare to find people move
individuals to move voluntarily, […] very long distances […].

a. ( ) Based on the sentences we can say that be is a stative verb, that is, there is no action described.
b. ( ) Both sentences have the verb be as the main verb.
c. ( ) The verb be in the simple present has the same form for all subjects.

2. Now analyze the structures in bold in the excerpts below and check ( ) the option that corresponds to what they express.

Other strong push factors include As people grow older and retire, many look
race, discriminating cultures, political for places with warm weather, […].
intolerance, and persecution of people
who question the status quo. People migrate for a
number of reasons.

a. ( ) Something that is true in the present or something that happens again and again in the present.
b. ( ) Something that is happening at the moment of speaking.
c. ( ) Something which we think is temporary.

3. Complete the texts with the appropriate form of the verbs 4. Use the verbs from the box to complete the extract below.
in parentheses.
arrive marks sit wait
a. Migration (occur / occurs) primarily
between countries that (is / are) […] The broken line snakes back 8 miles (13 km) to the
located within the same world region. In 2017, the border crossing at Paraguachon, where more than a
majority of the international migrants originating from hundred Venezuelans in the heat
Europe (67%), Asia (60%), Oceania (60%) and Africa (53%) outside the migration office.
(reside / resides) in a country located Money changers at tables stacked
in their region of birth. with wads of Venezuelan currency, made nearly worthless
In contrast, international migrants from Latin America and by hyperinflation under President Nicolas Maduro’s
the Caribbean (84%) and Northern America (72%) reside socialist government.
primarily outside their region of birth.
The remote outpost on the arid La Guajira peninsula
Extracted from www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/publications/
on Colombian’s Caribbean coast a
migrationreport/docs/MigrationReport2017_Highlights.pdf. Accessed on March 6, 2018.
frontline in Latin America’s worst humanitarian crisis.
b. Globally, the twenty largest countries or areas of origin
The Venezuelans hungry, thirsty, and
(account / accounts) for almost
tired, often unsure where they will spend the night, but
half (49%) of all international migrants, while one-third
relieved to have escaped the calamitous situation in
(34%) of all international migrants
their homeland. […]
(originate / originates) in only ten countries. India
Adapted from www.reuters.com/article/us-colombia-venezuela-migrants/
(is / are) now the country with the migrate-or-die-venezuelans-flood-into-colombia-despite-crackdown-idUSKCN1GA1K9.
largest number of people living outside the country’s Accessed on March 7, 2018.
borders (“diaspora”), followed by Mexico, the Russian
Federation, and China.
Adapted from www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/
publications/migrationreport/docs/MigrationReport2017_Highlights.pdf.
Accessed on March 6, 2018.

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 EXPAND YOUR READING
1. Read these ad campaigns and complete the sentences with the corresponding letters.
a. Ads , , and are for immigration and ad is against immigration.
b. Ad gives a warning for people not to do something.

b
a

Extracted from weeklydialog.wordpress.

Extracted from us.iasservices.org.uk/I- com/2013/01/31/britain-0-vs-romania-
Am-An-Immigrant-Poster-Campaign- 1-ad-campaign-to-put-off-potential-
Highlights-Positives-Of-Immigration. immigrants/. Accessed on March 7, 2018.
Accessed on May 6, 2018.

Extract from https://endchilddetention.org/.

Acessed on November 11, 2018.

Extracted from www.jigsaw-online.com/

category/new/shop-the-campaign.
Accessed on May 6, 2018.

2. Underline the correct option to complete the statements according to the ad campaigns you’ve just read.
a. The objective of the ads is to encourage product sales / advertise an idea.
b. All of them / Some of them use appealing images.
c. They provoke / don’t provoke negative and positive social judgement.

14 DIGITAL COPY
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 LANGUAGE IN USE 2 Unit 1

IMPERATIVE FORM
1. Go back to the ads on the previous page and look at the verb end. It is in the affirmative imperative form. Why is this
form of the verb used? Check ( ) the correct alternative.
a. ( ) To give the target audience an instruction, a suggestion, or an order.
b. ( ) To describe what is going on in each ad.

2. Don’t come is in the negative imperative form. To form the negative imperative we use…

the infinitive form of the verb without to

3. Complete the instructions with the correct imperative form of the verbs in the box. Then match the instructions with the signs.

turn off take go turn eat swim drink

a. or here. b. right.
c. in the lake. d. straight ahead.
e. pictures. f. your cell phone.

( ) ( ) ( )

( ) ( ) ( )

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 LISTENING COMPREHENSION
1. Why are some people against immigration? Talk to a classmate and list some reasons. Then exchange ideas with your
classmates and teacher.

2. You are going to listen to some people talking about immigration. Label the excerpts a-e in the order you hear them.
( ) “Make us feel safe. We need to feel safe in this country. ( ) “When Mexico sends its people, they’re not sending
02
I think there’s a great divide between the races.” the best. They’re sending people that have lots of
Extracted from www.usatoday.com/pages/interactives/trump-nation/#/?_k=wi8jwl
problems and they’re bringing those problems.”
Accessed on May 7, 2018. Extracted from www.cbsnews.com/pictures/wild-donald-trump-quotes/9.
Accessed on May 6, 2018.
( ) “I don’t feel as though I have to validate my existence
as a citizen of the United States or of the world by my ( ) “We have learned to love this country, Mr. President.
accomplishments but all of my accomplishments are This country does not belong to you only, but it
driven by my family and where we’re from.” belongs to all of us.”
Extracted from https://edition.cnn.com/videos/us/2018/01/12/ Extracted from https://edition.cnn.com/videos/us/2018/01/12/
Accessed on March 7, 2018. Accessed on March 7, 2018.

( ) “I believe that he will make America great again ( ) “We are able to move to these foreign countries
and that means a return of jobs. So, in that manner where we don’t know the language, we don’t know the
maybe I will find employment.” lifestyle, and adapt fairly quickly.”
Extracted from www.usatoday.com/pages/interactives/trump-nation/#/?_k=wi8jwl. Extracted from https://edition.cnn.com/videos/us/2018/01/12/
Accessed on May 7, 2018. Accessed on March 7, 2018.

3. Which testimonials do you think are said by immigrants? Why?

EXPAND YOUR HORIZONS

Check ( ) the column that best describes your opinion about each statement. Then discuss your answers with your
classmates and teacher, justifying your point of view.

I agree. I’m not sure. I disagree.

a. Racism and xenophobia are feelings that local people may

develop against immigrants.

b. Immigration is a characteristic of our globalized world that has

both positive and negative effects on the economy of a country.

c. Cosmopolitan cities are multicultural because of their large

immigrant population.

STUDY THIS

xenophobia
strong fear or dislike of people from other countries
Extracted from www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/xenophobia. Accessed on July 17, 2018.

16 DIGITAL COPY
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 UNIT
“The First Wealth
2 is Health”
R. Emerson

IN THIS UNIT YOU WILL…

• talk about nutritional
information in Brazil and
around the world;
• discuss healthy eating habits;
What can you see in the picture?
• use the simple present to ask How does the picture relate to your
and answer questions; eating habits?
• use adverbs of frequency; LEAD OFF Read the title of the unit: do you agree
with the quote by the American poet
• learn how to use subject and Ralph Waldo Emerson?
object pronouns. What do you consider healthy eating?

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 READING
BEFORE READING Bridging and relating to the topic

1. Not everything you read about nutrition is true. Read the statements and guess the ones that are not true. Then check with
your teacher.
a. ( ) Lunch is the most important meal of the day. d. ( ) Milk is one of the best and cheapest calcium sources.
b. ( ) People with diabetes don’t need to give up sweets. e. ( ) Egg yolks are unhealthy.
c. ( ) Carbohydrates aren’t part of a healthy diet.

2. Work in small groups. Discuss the statements from activity 1. Relate the myths or facts to your reality at home and at school.

WHILE READING
1. Look at the text’s layout and title. Then read the statements below and underline the one that best Skimming
summarizes it.
a. The text persuades readers to buy a product.
b. The text invites readers to join an event.
c. The text measures readers’ knowledge about a topic.

2. Take the Fruit Quiz below and test your knowledge.

https://www.choosemyplate.gov/quiz

Quiz Time!
QUESTION 1 QUESTION 6
Which of these nutrients can you get from eating whole Fiber found in fruit is associated with which of the
fruit that is not usually found in juice? following health outcomes?
( ) Vitamins ( ) Minerals ( ) Fiber ( ) Sugar ( ) Strengthening bones
QUESTION 2 ( ) Maintaining proper bowel function
Potassium is a nutrient that many Americans don’t get ( ) Building muscle
enough of. Which of the following is a good fruit source ( ) Making new blood cells
of this mineral known to help regulate blood pressure? QUESTION 7
( ) Dried apricots ( ) Orange juice Fruits are sources of which of the following?
( ) Bananas ( ) All of the above ( ) Folate ( ) Vitamin D ( ) Calcium ( ) Protein
QUESTION 3 QUESTION 8
Which fruit is this? Which of these foods is actually a fruit in plant biology?
( ) Cantaloupe ( ) Star fruit ( ) Onion ( ) Mushrooms
( ) Papaya ( ) Moon fruit ( ) Pepper ( ) All of the above
( ) Mango
QUESTION 9
QUESTION 4 Which of these foods is a source of vitamin C?
Eating a diet rich in fruits and vegetables as part of an overall ( ) Pineapples ( ) Oranges
healthy diet may protect against certain types of cancer. ( ) Strawberries ( ) All of the above
( ) True ( ) False
QUESTION 10
QUESTION 5 What do fruits have that make them sweet?
Which of the following counts as part of the Fruit Group? ( ) Vitamin C ( ) Protein
( ) Canned peaches ( ) Fresh strawberries ( ) Fiber ( ) Pleasing or agreeable
( ) Dried apricots ( ) All of the above ( ) Fructose personalities
( ) 100% orange juice

Extracted from www.choosemyplate.gov/quiz. Accessed on May 11, 2018.

18 DIGITAL COPY
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 Unit 2
AFTER READING
1. Check the answers to the quiz. Compare your results to a classmate’s. Understanding main ideas

QUESTION 1 QUESTION 9
Correct Answer: Fiber Correct Answer: All of the above
Fiber is found in the pulp of the fruit. When All fruits (and vegetables, too) contain some amount of
juice is made, the pulp is usually removed. vitamin C – an important nutrient that is needed for the
Unfortunately, the fiber goes with it. growth and repair of tissues in all parts of your body.
QUESTION 2 QUESTION 10
Correct Answer: All of the above Correct Answer: Fructose
Potassium is a nutrient found in a wide variety Fructose is a natural sugar found in fruit that is responsible
of foods – from fruits to some beans (white for the sweet flavor of many fruits.
beans, soy beans), vegetables (spinach,
potatoes), fish (halibut, tuna), and low-fat Adapted from www.choosemyplate.gov/quiz. Accessed on June 29, 2018.
yogurt and milk, too.
2. Read the quiz and its answers again. Then analyze the statements
QUESTION 3
below and decide if they are true (T) or false (F). Understanding details
Correct Answer: Mango
a. ( ) All fruits have high amounts of vitamin D and calcium.
Mango is a fruit that can be eaten raw or added
to recipes, such as a stir fry, for added sweetness. b. ( ) Tomatoes and pumpkins are considered botanically fruits
QUESTION 4 because they contain some amount of vitamin C.
Correct Answer: True c. ( ) Potassium can be found in several foods such as spinach,
As a part of an overall healthy diet, eating a diet white beans, bananas, and low-fat milk.
rich in fruits and vegetables may reduce risk for d. ( ) Eating foods rich in fiber helps reduce risk for heart
heart disease, protect against certain types of disease.
cancer, and help lower intake of calories.
e. ( ) Fructose and pepper are important nutrients for the
QUESTION 5
growth and repair of our body tissues.
Correct Answer: All of the above
Any fruit or 100% fruit juice counts as part of the
Fruit Group. Fruits may be fresh, canned, frozen,
or dried, and may be whole, cut-up, or pureed.
QUESTION 6 EXPAND YOUR
Correct Answer: Maintaining proper bowel
function
Eating foods that contain fiber – such as fruits,
VOCABULARY
vegetables, and whole grains – may reduce risk
for heart disease, protect against certain types of 1. Refer back to the quiz and look for words or expressions to fit
cancer, and help maintain proper bowel function. the definitions below.
QUESTION 7 a. : the amount of food, drink, etc, that you take
into your body
Correct Answer: Folate
Folate is one of the B vitamins and is needed b. : the soft inside part of a fruit or vegetable
by all of our cells for growth. Although vitamin c. : an illness which affects a person, animal, or plant
D and calcium are not typically found in high
amounts in fruits, you can find some 100% d. : the particular taste of a food or drink
orange juices that are fortified with calcium and e. : a natural substance such as iron that is present
vitamin D. in some foods and is important for good health
QUESTION 8 Adapted from www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/. Accessed on June 29, 2018.
Correct Answer: Pepper
2. Discuss the questions below with a classmate.
In plant biology, a fruit contains the seeds of a
plant. Though it is botanically a fruit, a pepper a. How important is it to learn about good nutrition?
counts toward the Vegetable Group because b. What role do financial circumstances play in healthy eating
we eat peppers in a similar way to vegetables habits?
(on sandwiches, in soups, in pasta sauces).
c. What is the basic food intake pattern in Brazil based on?
Likewise, tomatoes, squash, cucumbers, and
pumpkins all contain the seeds of the plant and d. If you could change one thing about your nutrition habits, what
are therefore botanically fruits. would it be? Why?

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 VOCABULARY IN USE
1. The Healthy Eating Plate was designed by nutrition experts at Harvard School of Public Health and editors at Harvard
Health Publications. Use the words from the box to complete it.

colors butter healthy protein vegetables coffee white bread

Extracted from www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/healthy-eating-plate. Accessed on May 13, 2018.

2. Circle the best options to complete the statements about healthy eating according to the infographic in activity 1.
a. One should restrict milk and dairy products such as whole grain pasta and brown rice / cheese and butter to one or two
servings per day.
b. Olive and canola oils / Partially hydrogenated oils are considered healthy oils.
c. Seafood and red meat / Bread and pasta, mainly their wholegrain versions, are high in fiber, thus lowering one’s risk of
heart disease and constipation.
d. Lettuce, cabbage, and carrots / Fish, poultry, and beans are examples of vegetables.
e. Sodas, fruit juices, energy drinks, sugar-sweetened teas, and coffees are high in added sugar and calories / carbohydrates
and refined oils and low in fat / nutrients.

3. Look at some other food items. Write their names under the correct headings.

Fruit & Vegetables Proteins Grains Dairy

4. Compare your eating habits and the Healthy Eating Plate. Do you think the infographic reflects the reality of the region
where you live? Justify your answer.

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 LANGUAGE IN USE 1 Unit 2

SIMPLE PRESENT – INTERROGATIVE FORM AND FREQUENCY ADVERBS

1. The questions below were extracted from the quiz on page 18. Read them and complete the statements about the
simple present.
a. The extracts on the left are in the form.
What do fruits have that
b. To form interrogative sentences in the simple present, we
make them sweet?
use when I, you, we, and they are the
subject and does when he, she, and it are the subject.

Which fruit is this? c. For questions with the verb , we invert the
position of the subject and the verb.
d. In subject questions, like the third one, there is no
Which of the following counts verb and the word order is not inverted.
as part of the Fruit Group?
e. , which, when, where, and how are some
question words that are used in information questions.

2. Now read the testimonials below carefully, paying attention to the words in bold, and choose the right alternative to complete
the paragraph.

Adverbs like , often, sometimes,

Every day your tip of the day pops up in my mailbox and , for example, are used to
and I try to implement as many as possible. Making half express the of actions, to say
my plate fruits and vegetables was my first mission. how often we do things, or how often things
I don’t always accomplish it, but I always try. happen. In general, frequency adverbs are
Travis, South Dakota positioned main verbs but after
the verb be.

a. ( ) always – far – frequency – after

I never ate a lot of leafy green things before my nutrition class this b. ( ) always – never – frequency – before
semester. Our teacher brought in kale and spinach and a few others and
we each took one home. My Mom used one of your recipes and made c. ( ) often – always – time – before
a kale salad that I have to admit was actually really good! #GoMom
Extracted from www.choosemyplate.gov/testimonials.
Kevin, New Hampshire Accessed on June 29, 2018.

3. Use the correct form of the verbs from the box to complete the questions from the Brazilian Dietary Guidelines.

affect be broaden derive refer

a. Besides the intake of nutrients, what else diet to?

Diet also refers to nutritious foods and how they are combined and prepared in meals.
b. cultural and social dimensions of food choices health and well-being?
Yes, and so do food preparation and modes of eating.
c. Where healthy diets from?
They derive from socially and environmentally sustainable food systems.
d. What people’s autonomy in food choices?
The access to respectable dietary recommendations.
e. dietary patterns different in most countries?
Yes, they are. Especially in economically emerging countries.
Based on www.bvsms.saude.gov.br/bvs/publicacoes/dietary_guidelines_brazilian_population.pdf. Accessed on June 29, 2018.

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 EXPAND YOUR READING
1. Read the text and circle the correct option. Skimming

a. The objective of the text is to show healthy recipes for teenagers.

b. The text shows healthy tips for teenagers.
c. The text presents a list of fruits and vegetables that teenagers can’t eat.
d. The objective of the text is to talk about ads and how they influence teenagers’ diets.

www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/weight-management/take-charge-health-guide-teenagers

Take Charge of your Health:

a Guide for Teenagers
Here are some helpful tips for making healthy eating decisions.
Many teens need more of these nutrients:

and help you grow

Protein, to power you up
bones and teeth. Good s; tofu; legumes, such
Calcium, to build strong strong. Peanut butter; egg t
free or low-fat milk, chicken, fish, and low-fa
sources of calcium are fat- as lentils and peas; and pro tein .
s of
yogurt, and cheese. meats are all good source
healthy. Good sources Red meat contains a for
m
Vitamin D, to keep bones Iron, to help you grow.
nge juice, whole absorbs bes t. Spi nac h,
of vitamin D include ora of iron that your body
and fat-free or low-fat milk. ortified cereals are also
oranges, tuna, bea ns, pea s, and iro n-f
blood pressure. Try help your body absorb
Potassium, to help lower sources of iron. You can
with the skin, for a ds better when you also
a banana, or baked potato the iron from these foo
C, like an orange.
potassium boost. eat foods with vitamin
ular and feel full. Good
Fiber, to help you stay reg
ns and celery.
sources of fiber include bea

Control your food portions

A portion is how much food or beverage you choose to consume at one time, whether in a restaurant,
from a package, at school or a friend’s, or at home. Many people consume larger portions than they need,
especially when away from home.

Just one super-sized, fast food meal may have more calories than you need in a whole day. And when
people are served more food, they may eat or drink more—even if they don’t need it. This habit may lead
to weight gain.
Adapted from www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/weight-management/take-charge-health-guide-teenagers. Accessed on July 19, 2018.

2. Read the text again and underline the correct options.

a. One of the main nutrients that teens need is iron / vitamin E.
b. A good source of protein is baked potato / fish.
c. Your body absorbs iron more easily if you eat foods with vitamin C / vitamin D.
d. Eating one very large meal a day gives you more / less calories than you need in a whole day.
e. Spinach / Banana is also a source of iron.
f. Protein / Calcium helps to build strong teeth and bones.

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 LANGUAGE IN USE 2 Unit 2

OBJECT PRONOUNS 3. Work in pairs. Circle the pronouns in the cartoon and discuss
whether they are subject or object pronouns. Then share
1. Below you will find some extracts from the text on page 22. your opinions about the cartoon.
Read them and answer the questions that follow.
[...]protein, to power you up
and help you grow strong

You can help your body

absorb the iron from these foods better
when you also eat foods with vitamin C […]

And when people are served

more food, they may eat or drink
more—even if they don’t need it.

a. In the first extract, is the pronoun you a subject or object

of the sentence?

b. How about in the second extract? Is the pronoun you the

subject or the object of the sentence? Extracted from www.cartoonstock.com/cartoonview.
asp?catref=aban1560. Accessed on May 14, 2018.

4 Read part of a news article called Brazil has the best

c. In the third extract, what does the subject pronoun they nutritional guidelines in the world and choose the correct
refer to? pronouns to complete it. Then work with a partner and
discuss whether or not you agree with the idea it conveys.

d. In the third extract, is the pronoun it the subject or the Yesterday, a US-government appointed scientific panel
object of the sentence? What does it refer to? released a 600-page report that will inform America’s new
dietary guidelines. These guidelines only come out every
five years, and they matter because (they /
them) truly set the tone for how Americans eat: they’re
2. Read the paragraph and complete the table below with used by doctors and nutritionists to guide patient care, by
the object pronouns in bold. schools to plan kids’ lunches, and to calculate nutrition
information on every food package you pick up, to name
My mom usually makes me lunch and she always makes just a few areas of impact.
sure that some of the food contains protein. She usually But this panel and their guidelines too often overcomplicate
cooks red meat, because I love it! She also cooks some what (it / we) know about healthy eating.
vegetables, like broccoli and carrots, but to be honest, They take a rather punitive approach to food, reducing
I don’t like them very much. Sometimes we have lunch (it / us) to its nutrient parts and emphasizing its
together and I can tell her all about my day at school. relationship to obesity. Food is removed from the context of
family and society and taken into the lab or clinic.
Subject pronouns Object pronouns Brazil, on the other hand, does exactly the opposite. Their
I national guidelines don’t dwell on nutrients, calories, or
weight loss. (They / Them) don’t jam foods into
you you pyramids or child-like plates. Instead, they focus on meals and
encourage citizens to simply cook whole foods at home, and
he him
to be critical of the seductive marketing practices of Big Food.
she The approach is so refreshing that (me / it)
it has attracted praise from critics like Marion Nestle and
Yoni Freedhoff, and when (you / him) contrast
we us the Brazilian method with the American way it’s not hard
to understand why.
you you
Adapted from www.vox.com/2015/2/20/8076961/brazil-food-
they guide. Accessed on June 29, 2018.

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 LISTENING COMPREHENSION
1. Work with a partner. Are nutritional guidelines different around the world?
Exchange ideas and report your opinions to the class.

2. Listen to the recording and check your answers to the question in activity 1.
Were you right?
03
3. Listen again and match the pictures with the nutritional guidelines they
represent. Then go to the audio scripts on page 136 and check your answers.
04

Germany Guyana Singapore South Africa

4. Based on the recording and on

the discussions throughout the
unit, come up with the ideal
plate, considering all the possible
variables for people your age.
Then share your ideas with your
classmates and teacher.

EXPAND YOUR HORIZONS

Check ( ) the column that best describes your opinion about each statement. Then discuss your answers with your
classmates and teacher, justifying your point of view.

I agree. I’m not sure. I disagree.

a. Learning about healthy nutrition habits concerns everyone as it

relates to cultural, social, political, and environmental issues.

b. Natural, whole grain, gluten-free and organic may not always

mean healthy alternatives.

c. Dietary Guidelines should always reflect the local culture,

prevention of diseases, healthy food and lifestyle, besides
the importance of physical activity and weight management.

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 REVIEW 1 Unit 1 and 2

1. Skim the text below and check ( ) the best option to complete the statement. Skimming

The purpose of this text is...

a. ( ) to inform the reader about eating habits in Brazil.
b. ( ) to convince the reader to buy a book about eating customs in Brazil.

http://thebrazilbusiness.com/article/dining-culture-in-brazil

Cynthia Fujikawa Nes

Co-Founder The Brazil Business
Updated
August 13, 2016

Dining Culture in Brazil

Brazilians are people who enjoy eating and like doing it Eating times in the aŠernoon are not a Brazilian habit,
a lot, even with only three meals. Here you will discover so do not expect to have a meal then. Some people
more about the Brazilian eating habits, such as tips on drink coffee during this period, but since most Brazilians
how to behave and cultural curiosities. are working or doing some activity at this time of the
5 Lunch time is sacred for Brazilians. They may think you 25 day, they do not have time to stop and eat something

are kidding if you say that you oŠen just have a cold of quality. A cereal bar, a chocolate bar, some candies,
sandwich for lunch. A few hours aŠer a light breakfast or potato chips are normally found in a Brazilian’s bag
early in the morning – usually French bread and some or backpack. These items can be found in small stores
coffee – people stream out of buildings ready to tuck usually located around office buildings.
10 into a large hot meal together with their coworkers. 30 Dinner is the second main Brazilian meal and, more
As most Brazilians will suggest, go to a churrascaria to have than lunch, is a family meal. Just like lunch, the Brazilian
lunch. It is paradise for meat lovers. For those who are not dinner is heavy and full of food, although it can be
familiar with the concept: churrascaria is a typical Brazilian obfuscated by the goodies eaten in the aŠernoon.
steak house. At churrascarias with rodízio you will have In terms of etiquette, the ideal thing to do is to wait
15 waiters coming to your table with different types of meat
35 until everybody has been served before starting eating,
on skewers which are carved at your table. There is usually but it is accepted to start eating if the service is very
salad and a buffet with hot dishes, so there is something slow. Brazilians use cutlery except for food like bread or
for everybody in this type of restaurant. On your table you boned chicken.
will find a disk: turn it green for a parade of meats to come
Adapted from www.thebrazilbusiness.com/article/dining-culture-in-brazil.
20 to your table and red to stop it. Accessed on July 17, 2018.

2. Underline the incorrect part in each sentence, according to the text. Then rewrite the sentences correcting them.
Understanding
a. Brazilians usually have only four meals. d. Brazilians have a meal in the afternoon.
details

b. In Brazil, people usually have French bread and tea for e. The Brazilian dinner is light.
breakfast.

c. Churrascarias are typical Brazilian pasta houses.

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 3. Reread the text in activity 1 and find:

a. two frequency adverbs: and .

b. what the object pronoun it refers to in “turn it green for a parade of meats and red to stop”, line 19: .

c. what the subject pronoun it refers to in “it can be obfuscated by the goodies eaten in the afternoon”, lines 31-32:

d. a suggestion in the affirmative form: .

e. an instruction in the negative form: .

4. Read part of the text “Brazil Should Do More for Venezuela’s Refugees and Migrants” and fill in the blanks with the simple
present of the verbs in parentheses.

Brazil Should Do More for Venezuela’s Refugees and Migrants

BY MARIA BEATRIZ BONNA NOGUEIRA AND MAIARA FOLLY | MARCH 20, 2017
Over the past few months, thousands of Venezuelans have fled across the border to seek sanctuary in northern Brazil […]
According to one recent arrival, Merlina Ferreira, “In Venezuela, I was a psychologist and my husband a lawyer. Here in
Brazil, he (unload) trucks and I (look aŠer) our small children since
daycare (be) too costly.” Merlina (join) at least 5,000 compatriots who
recently applied for asylum in Boa Vista, a city in the state of Roraima. According to the Federal Police, the numbers
sky-rocketed in the first few months of 2017, as compared to 2,230 applications in 2016, 234 in 2015, and just 9 in 2014.
The spike in population displacement (reflect) a dramatically deteriorating situation in
Venezuela. Reports (be) emerging of spiraling criminal violence, prolonged food shortages,
and sustained unemployment. It (be) still an open question whether these factors are
legitimate grounds for refugee protection under international law. That hardly matters to people like Ferreira who
(feel) that their last resort to avoid starvation and homelessness is to cross an international
border. Refugee specialist Alexander Betts (describe) this phenomenon as “survival migration,”
and for good reason.
Extracted from www.americasquarterly.org/content/brazil-should-do-more-venezuelas-refugees-and-migrants. Accessed on May 29, 2018.

5. Complete the mind maps below with the words from the box.

citizenship fiber homeland nutrition fruit persecution policy refugee vegetables whole grains

IMMIGRATION HEALTHY EATING

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 UNIT
Your Digital Self
3

IN THIS UNIT YOU WILL…

• talk about social media and
big data;
• contrast the use of the present
continuous and the simple
present;
What social media services do you
• learn how to use possessive use?

LEAD OFF
adjectives; How much of your personal life do
• learn some common false you usually share online?
cognates in English for Why are social media networks so
Portuguese speakers. popular?

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 READING
BEFORE READING Relating to the topic

1. Rank the social media networks below 1-5 (1 = most used; 5 = least used) according to how often you use them. How similar
or different is your ranking compared to your friends’?

Facebook Snapchat Instagram Twitter YouTube

2. Which of the following quotes do you mostly agree with? Why?

a Smartphones and social media expand b It’s so funny how social media was just this
our universe. We can connect with others or fun thing, and now it’s this monster that
collect information easier and faster than ever. consumes so many millennial lives.
Daniel Goleman Cazzie David

Extracted from www.brainyquote.com/quotes/daniel_ Extracted from www.brainyquote.com/quotes/cazzie_david_822611.

goleman_585902?src=t_social_media. Accessed on May 8, 2018. Accessed on May 8, 2018.

WHILE READING
Look at the snapshots of social media posts. What is each person doing?
a. ( ) Sharing a disappointment. Scanning

b. ( ) Seeking advice from the community.

e!!
c. ( ) Celebrating an accomplishment. YYAAYY,, DDuudde
d. ( ) Posting a recommendation.
2
RANDY SCHWARTZ FOLLOW
@randyscw Apr 7
1

I am studying for my English exams. I am

struggling with a couple of things, but I have no
BFF
time to study everything. Gee... is using proper I’m so happy!!! In a few hours
grammar on Twitter considered studying? we’re all traveling to play in the
finals of the tournament!

3
Diane W. B. Brown is at The #1 Pizza Place with
4
Amanda H. and 4 others

42 likes
bittersweet Sometimes those you trust the most bring
you down. I’m not feeling very well at the moment, and
I don’t know why I’m always making the same mistakes.
People say time heals all, but the truth is that more
OMG!!! I can’t believe it’s taken me this long to try this place! I’m
joycejjj Don’t worry about that! I’m sure you deserve a having the best pizza EVER!!!! You guys should just stop whatever
lot more than that. Just give yourself time to heal. you’re doing and try their pizza!! They aren’t kidding about their
name! It actually is the #1 pizza place on my list!! YUMMY!!

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 Unit 3

AFTER READING
1. Who would be likely to say the following sentences? Match the number of the text you read with each of the
sentences below. Understanding main ideas

a. ( ) Next time I go out with my friends to grab a bite, I’m definitely coming back here!
b. ( ) My life is so messed up at the moment that I don’t know how long it’ll take for me to get back on my feet.
c. ( ) Well, they do say that you should try things out in real life if you really want learning to stick, right?
d. ( ) I’m sure we’re going to do well tomorrow! Everyone is feeling great about the game!

2. Match the following replies with the texts you read.

a. ( ) I’ve already bought my tickets! I’m looking forward to seeing you all!! Go get ’em!
b. ( ) Hey! I thought we were going there together! I’m so dying to get to know this place!
c. ( ) Not sure what your point is. Maybe the best option is to focus on one thing at a time, don’t you think?
d. ( ) Don’t let that hit you so hard! You’ll soon notice that this is a great learning opportunity for you!

STUDY THIS

going to there going there

EXPAND YOUR VOCABULARY

1. Find the words or phrase in italics in the social media posts. Then match each of them with its meaning.

a. joking ( ) struggling
b. make you feel bad ( ) proper
c. get what you should get because of your actions ( ) yay
d. having difficulties ( ) trust
e. an interjection of happiness and celebration ( ) bring you down
f. correct, accurate ( ) heals
g. believe, able to depend on ( ) deserve
h. helps in the recovery ( ) kidding

2. Work in pairs. Discuss the questions below.

a. Have you ever heard of “big data”?
b. What do you understand by this term? What does big data know about you?
c. Is it possible not to leave a digital trail every time we use a computer, access our phones, or open up an app on a tablet? If
so, how?

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 VOCABULARY IN USE
1. Some words in English are very similar to words in Portuguese, but they have different meanings. Look at the following
sentence from text 4 and circle one word that is similar to Portuguese.

It actually is the #1 pizza

place on my list!

The word actually in the sentence above is used because the author wants to emphasize her belief that that is the best pizza
place in town. It has no reference to time. Words that seem similar in two languages, but that have different meanings are
commonly known as false friends.

2. Match the false friends below with their correct definition.

a. parents ( ) to help someone to do something

( ) to make someone or something move by pressing them with your hands,
b. library
arms, etc.
c. assume ( ) the mother and father of a person or animal

d. balcony ( ) to behave as if something is true when in fact you know it is not, in order to
deceive people or for fun
e. pretend ( ) cloth used for making clothes, curtains, etc.

f. push ( ) a room or building containing books that can be looked at or borrowed

( ) approval, encouragement, and perhaps help for a person, idea, plan, etc.
g. support
( ) to think that something is true, although you do not have definite proof
h. assist
( ) a structure that you can stand on, that is attached to the outside wall of a
building, above ground level
i. notice
( ) to realize that something or someone exists, especially because you can see,
j. fabric hear, or feel them

3. Use the words from activity 2 to complete the sentences below.

a. I don’t want to go to the movies with them, so I’ll just I’m busy.
b. Susan really needs the of her friends to win the competition.
c. Can you your brother with his homework?
d. Mark his sister and she fell on the floor.
e. I Facebook keeps track of everything we post there.
f. You don’t go to a to buy books! You go to a bookstore!
g. Jack has a nice in his house where he keeps a hammock.
h. Did you that Google knows what you have searched for and makes suggestions based on that?
i. Yes, my are coming to visit for the holidays, but my siblings aren’t.
j. You can’t find a better than this for running T-shirts.

4. Do you know any other false friends? Come up with at least two more examples and write down sentences to illustrate their
correct use.

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 LANGUAGE IN USE 1 Unit 3

PRESENT SIMPLE vs. PRESENT CONTINUOUS

1. Read these excerpts from the social media posts on page 28. Focus on the underlined words. Match the numbers with the
meaning they convey.

I am struggling1 with a couple of things, I’m not feeling5 very well at the moment,
but I have2 no time to study everything. and I don’t know6 why
I’m always making7 the same mistakes.

In a few hours we’re all traveling3 to

play in the finals of the tournament!
a. ( ) an action taking place at the moment of speech
b. ( ) a fact
I’m having4 the best
pizza EVER! c. ( ) an action that will happen in the future
d. ( ) an action that repeats itself constantly
2. Underline the correct option to complete each sentence.
a. I don’t usually share / am not usually sharing lots of personal information on social media sites. However,
today I post / am posting a picture of my birthday with my whole family.
b. Mark enjoys / is enjoying reading before going to bed, but he doesn’t do / isn’t doing that anymore because
he work / is working a lot and he only wants / is wanting to sleep when he gets / is getting home.
c. Every time we meet / are meeting she annoys / is annoying me about getting a new hair cut.
d. Where do you go / are you going today after class? Can I come with you?

3. Complete the text with the appropriate verb form of the 4. Rita is a teenager who uses social media a lot. In the extract
verbs in parentheses. below, she is explaining to her friend how she manages
her Instagram account. Use the verbs from the box in the
a. Tim (wants / is wanting) to share what correct form to complete the passage. Use the negative
he (does / is doing) right now with his form, if necessary.
friends from all over the world. He is a very popular boy, so
he (has / is having) many friends. Now
choose edit (x2) get have
he (takes / is taking) pictures of his dog
performing different tricks. However, he photoshop want work
(thinks / is thinking) about his privacy settings right now.
Should he share the photos publicly or privately? He
(remembers / is remembering) what his OK, so this is how it . You
parents told him: be careful with what you share online – to share everything you do with
it (lives / is living) online forever! everybody online. Sometimes, I photos
that I only want to share with my close friends, like, it’s my
b. Jane (thinks / is thinking) about
inner thoughts and my real self, and other times there are
changing her phone, but she (doesn’t
photos I want everyone to see. Let me show you… here…
want / isn’t wanting) to spend a lot of money. She
I a photo to post to my rinsta, which
(likes / is liking) taking pictures, so it
is my real Instagram account, the one with all the edited
is important that the phone (has / is
photos and open to all. I the photo
having) a good camera. She also (enjoys
because I really want it to look good so I
/ is enjoying) spending hours on end talking to her friends on
many messenger apps, so she more likes. However, the photos that go onto my finsta,
(needs
/ is needing) a phone with a good battery life. Actually, she which is the account I share only with my closest friends,
(has / is having) problems with her are a lot less edited. I mean, I usually
cell phone right now! She (does / is the photos that go there, but this one in particular I
doing) some research on what phone to buy, but the battery because I want to blur the face of that
(dies / is dying); she only has 15% left. woman behind me.

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 EXPAND YOUR READING
1. Read the passages below and decide if each person is talking about one of the pros (P) or cons (C) of social media.
a. ( ) My sister’s best friend is studying abroad. They hate the distance, but at least they can keep their
communication up to date through the use of the Internet.
b. ( ) I have a big test tomorrow, but my friends want me to join them in this online LOL competition. I think my
grades are going to suffer a lot, but I can’t help it! We are on our way to the regional finals and we have to play.
c. ( ) Jack had been offered a great job from a company, but the offer was withdrawn after a quick search
of his timeline.
d. ( ) Mrs. Wilson is just the best! Her knowledge of social media and willingness to integrate that into her lessons
makes it a lot easier for kids to focus on their tasks!

Raising a Teenager in the Digital Age

It seems like the Internet just came out of nowhere and changed everything, including childhood. Whether this
change has been for the better or worse depends on how you look at it.
Teens today are the first generation that cannot imagine life without the Internet and the various devices that
connect us to it. Our electronic gadgets have become extensions of our bodies, like crutches. On the other hand,
you might also say that these powerful tools give us wings. Some people believe that the Internet and its various
social networking options affect us negatively while others beg to differ. Parents who cling to their pre-Internet
way of life are scrambling to make sure they have the right answers to guide their kids.

CONS PROS
• Heavy social media use can • Can provide a platform for shy
possibly lead to depression, people to express themselves
anxiety, and low self-esteem. and boost their confidence.
• It can prevent the development • Can facilitate communication
of some social and direct between those that are
communication skills. marginalized.
• Can embolden people to • Can strengthen and maintain
harass others online. relationships to friends close
• Can be a major distraction for and far.
students and can lead to poor • Classrooms can use social media
academic performance. to keep students engaged with
• Some inappropriate posts may study materials and lessons.
hurt job opportunities down • A healthy social media
the line. presence can be beneficial in
attracting employers.

Adapted from www.wehavekids.com/parenting/social-network-to-teens. Accessed on May 11, 2018.

2. Underline the correct option to complete the statements according to the text you have just read.
a. Social media can make it easier / make it harder for people who are shy to express their thoughts.
b. Bullies might feel stronger / weaker because of the anonymity that the Internet provides.
c. If you use it correctly, social media can actually hinder / help with the chances of landing a new job.
d. People who use social media a lot may / may not have difficulties dealing with real-life encounters.
e. Social media is only / also great for people to keep in touch with their friends who live far away.

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 LANGUAGE IN USE 2 Unit 3

POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES
1. Read the sentence below and check ( ) the correct sentence.

John went to the club with his friend and her mother.

In the sentence above, we can say that the following people went to the club:
a. ( ) One man and two women.
b. ( ) One man, one woman, and one person who can be a man or a woman.
c. ( ) Two men and one woman.

2. Circle the correct option to complete the rules below.

a. The possessive adjective comes before / after the noun.
b. We use / do not use articles when we use a possessive adjective. STUDY THIS

Go back to activity 1 on page 32 and complete the table with the

possessive adjectives in italics. Even though the word friend can be
used either for a man or a woman,
Subject Pronouns Possessive Adjective in the sentence in activity 1, the
I my possessive adjective before the word
mother refers back to the word friend.
you your In English, all possessive adjectives
he his make reference to the possessor, not to
the object or person that the they are
she her
describing. Consequently, when we say
it her mother, we know that the friend
is a woman because of the possessive
we
adjective that was used: HER.
you your

they

3. Complete the sentences below with the correct possessive adjective.

a. I am playing League of Legends and I am talking to friends online. We need to come up with
strategy to win the game.
b. Our friends asked parents if they could come to the movie theater with us.
c. What social media site/network do you use the most to share pictures?
d. Facebook has decided to change privacy rules again.
e. What is opinion about Snapchat? Do you think it is still the number one social media app for teenagers, or do
they use Instagram for stories now?
f. Jenny is going to ask dad if friends are also taking children to the party so that
she knows there’ll be someone age there as well.
g. My cousin Josh and dad are taking cooking lessons and teacher is a famous chef from London.
How great is that?
h. Last week I posted birthday pictures on Instagram. I love the fact that we can use social media as an online
photo album.

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 LISTENING COMPREHENSION
1. Work in pairs and discuss the questions below.
a. How concerned are you about your privacy online?
b. How do social media platforms make money?
c. Can you think of an alternative way for them to make money?

2. You will hear five different extracts about social media networks and how people use them. Match each extract (1–5) with
one of the opinions below.
05 a. ( ) We need to think about both the pros and the cons of social media any time we log on to one of these sites.
b. ( ) Some media sites are great tools and we don’t need to feel guilty about using them.
c. ( ) It is difficult for competitors to deal with social media giants these days.
d. ( ) There is a lot of talk about innovation, but the social media landscape is not innovative at the moment.
e. ( ) Just like it happened with cars and paint, social networks need to offer safety tools.

3. Go to the audio script on page 136 and check your answers. Then do the activities that follow.
a. Choose three words or phrases from the audio scripts that you would like to learn.
b. Ask your friends if they know the meaning of the words you have chosen.
c. Write down one original sentence using each one of the words or phrases.

EXPAND YOUR HORIZONS

Check ( ) the column that best describes your opinion about each statement. Then discuss your answers with your
classmates and teacher, justifying your point of view.

I agree. I’m not sure. I disagree.

a. More and more consumer products will be launched on

social media due to all the personal information people
give away.

b. As more and more users buy likes and followers on

Instagram, influencer marketing through social media will
become more difficult.

c. In the near future, regardless of their job title, people will

need to adapt to the online social sphere in order to be
successful.

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 UNIT
Establishing and
4 Keeping Relationships

IN THIS UNIT YOU WILL…

• talk about how teens relate to
others;
• exchange ideas about different
types of relationships;
• express opinions about
building and maintaining
relationships at all levels;
What is the relationship among the
• use the simple past to talk people in the picture? What makes
you think so?
LEAD OFF
about finished actions, events,
or states in the past; How important is it to build and
maintain good relationships in life?
• use the modal verbs can and
should. How do you relate to others?

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 READING
BEFORE READING
Discuss the quote below in pairs. Then report your opinions to the class. Bridging and relating to the topic

No man is an island, entire of itself.

John Donne

Extracted from www.goodreads.com/work/quotes/6791114-no-man-is-an-island. Accessed on May 16, 2018.

WHILE READING
1. Read the title of the magazine article in activity 2. What do you expect to read about? Predicting

2. Who are more emotional, teens or adults? How can we build better relationships? Read the text below and understand how
relationships change from childhood to adulthood.

How the Teen Brain Transforms Relationships

BY DANIEL SIEGEL | AUGUST 12, 2014
1. More intense emotion 3. We seek attachment in peers
As a child approaches adolescence, his or her We mammals have attachment, which is built on
emotions become more intense. 30 four childhood needs: to be seen,
safe, soothed,
One study, for example, put kids, adolescents, and secure. What happens with attachment in the
5and adults into a brain scanner and showed early years is really important because infants
them a picture of an emotionally expressive or depend on their caregivers to survive.
But as we grow older, attachment doesn’t go away—
neutral face. They found more intense emotional
35 it’s a lifelong process. What happens when
responses among adolescents, and a relatively you’re a
kid moving into adolescence? What do you do with
mild response among both the kids and adults. your attachment needs? Instead of turning only
10The downside of this increased emotionality toward your parents, you start turning to your peers
is that teens can become more easily irritated, more, which is a very healthy thing to do.
upset, and moody—and they can have a 40 One really big downside is that
membership
relationship with themselves that’s confusing. in an adolescent peer group—even if it’s just
one other person—can feel like a matter of life
2. Risk and novelty becomes more compelling and death: “If I don’t have at least one peer that
15 Compared to a kid or an adult, the I’m connected with, I’m gonna die.” That’s what
baseline levels
of dopamine in an adolescent are lower. But the 45 millions and millions of years of evolutio
n are
release amounts are higher—and novelty is one telling this adolescent.
of the major things that can trigger dopamine We need that closeness for another reason that
release. This means new things feel really, really goes well beyond just one party, which is that,
20 good to a teenager. This is brilliant. Nature has
given the psychological stakes, teens can sacrifice
50 morality for membership. We have a name for
created a system that drives us to seek change and
that: peer pressure.
novelty, a push for the unfamiliar and even the So what parents and teens need to do, together, is
uncertain, which is what a teen must do if they’re cultivate the upside of this shiŠ from parents to peers
ever going to get out of the house. as attachment figures. If you spend your adolescence
25 But there’s a downside, of course: What
happens 55 developing social skills, your adulthood is going to be
when dopamine levels drop? The teen gets bored so much better.
with the same old, same old.
Adapted from www.greatergood.berkeley.edu/article/item/how_the_teen_brain_
transforms_relationships. Accessed on May 16, 2018.

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 Unit 4
AFTER READING
1. Refer back to the question in activity 1 on page 36. Were your predictions correct? Talk to a classmate and explain
your answer. Checking predictions

2. Underline the correct statements according to the magazine article. Understanding details

a. The study found more emotional responses among teenagers than adults and children.
b. When dopamine levels drop, teenagers tend to stick to their safe old habits.
c. Peer pressure is the pressure you feel to behave in the way that your family expects you to.
d. Mammals feel that connecting with a peer group can be a matter of survival.

3. Work in groups to discuss the following questions.

a. Are teens’ relationships today different from past generations’?
b. Has the Internet affected any sorts of relationships? How?
c. To what extent do aspects such as finances, social level, affinities, and schooling interfere with the relationships you build?

EXPAND YOUR VOCABULARY

1. Go through the article on page 36 again and find: c. “We need that closeness for another reason that goes
a. a synonym for adolescent: ; well beyond just one party, which is that, given the
psychological stakes, [...]”
b. three stages in one’s existence: ,
, and ; ( ) boundary marks such as sticks or posts pointed at
one end
c. three adjectives often attributed to teens on increased
emotionality: , , ( ) risks or investments
and ; d. “So what parents and teens need to do, together, is
d. four childhood needs: ; cultivate the upside of this shift from parents to peers
as attachment figures.”
e. a neurotransmitter that is triggered by novelty, among
other things: ; ( ) the positive part of a usually bad situation
f. an opposite of aversion, disconnection: ( ) the upper side or part of something
.
3. Use at least three words and expressions listed in
2. Check ( ) the correct meaning of the words and activities 1 and 2 to finish the paragraph below.
expressions in bold in the extracts below according to
the context. In my opinion, the role of relationships in teenage life...
a. What happens when dopamine levels drop? The teen
gets bored with the same old, same old.
( ) used to describe a fun, exciting event
( ) used to say that a situation has not changed,
when this is boring or annoying
b. “Nature has created a system that drives us to seek
change and novelty, a push for the unfamiliar and even
the uncertain, [...]”
( ) strongly influences
( ) makes a car move along

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 VOCABULARY IN USE
1. Go back to the text on page 36 and search for the phrasal verb whose meaning is “leave a place or a person”.

2. The phrasal verbs below refer to relationships at all levels. Match them with their definitions.

break up count on fall for fall out look up to make up put down
see (something) through stand by take after (somebody)

a. : to start to love someone

b. : to continue doing something until it is finished, especially something difficult or

unpleasant

c. : to look or behave like an older relative

d. : to have a quarrel

e. : (of a marriage, group of people, or relationship) to separate and not live or work
together anymore

f. : to admire or respect someone

g. : to become friendly with someone again after you have had an argument

h. : to criticize someone and make them feel silly or stupid

i. : to depend on someone or something, especially in a difficult situation

j. : to stay loyal to someone and support them, especially in a difficult situation

Extracted from www.ldoceonline.com/. Accessed on June 28, 2018.

3. Use some of the phrasal verbs from activity 2 to complete the quotes below. Then talk to a classmate about what they mean
and say if you agree with them.

a I want to
my country, but I cannot vote for war.
Jeannette Rankin
d When I get right down to it, my mother
and father are two people I can

no matter what.
Jack Wagner
b It hurts when people
you .
Timbaland

e Too many couples

without understanding the

consequences for their families.
c It’s good for kids to Iain Duncan Smith
sporting role models.
Adam Peaty
Extracted from www.brainyquote.com. Accessed on July 16, 2018.

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 LANGUAGE IN USE 1 Unit 4

SIMPLE PAST
1. The excerpt below was extracted from the article on page 36. Read it and check ( ) the correct answer to the question that follows.

One study, for example, put kids, adolescents, and adults Why is the simple past used in this fragment of
into a brain scanner and showed them a picture of an the article?
emotionally expressive or neutral face. They found more ( ) Because it is about facts that are happening
intense emotional responses among adolescents, and a at the moment.
relatively mild response among both the kids and adults.
( ) Because this part of the text talks about
completed actions in the past.

2. Reread the excerpt in activity 1 and complete the sentences about the simple past.
a. The is used to talk about actions, events, and states that happened at a specific
time in the past.
b. is an example of a regular verb in the past. In the simple past, regular verbs end in .
c. and are examples of irregular verbs in the past. Irregular verbs don’t follow any
specific spelling rules in the simple past.

3. Now read the questions and answers based on the 4. Use the verbs in parentheses in the affirmative form of the
extracts from activity 1 and make more deductions about simple past to complete the poem below.
the simple past.
Love And Friendship
A poem by George Bernard Shaw
Were adults part of the study? Have you told your kids I love you?
Yes, they were.
Given them all a big hug today?
In my youth loving words (be) few,
We were sent out to be out of the way.
Did they find more intense emotional Indoors we (speak) when spoken to,
responses among the kids and adults?
No, they didn’t. Silence (rule) most of our day.
When breaking a rule we always (know),
That punishment would come our way.
Each (have) their jobs of work to be done,
What did the researchers show kids,
adolescents, and adults in the study? We (clean) and polished and
They showed them a picture of an (shine).
emotionally expressive or neutral face.
Life believe me (be) not much fun,
For breach of the rules we were fined.
In the orphanage no one (say) I love you,
a. While in sentences the past forms
Never the time for a hug and a kiss,
of the verb are used, in interrogative and negative
Friendship (be) for me something new,
forms we use the auxiliaries and
It was the main thing that I did most miss.
respectively and the verb is in its
base form. So remember to hug and kiss your kids each day,
Show them that you love and care.
b. The past forms of the verb be are was and
That they too will go on their way,
. For short answers we use Yes /
No followed by the and was, were / With love and friendship to share.

wasn’t, weren’t. Extracted from www.poemhunter.com/poems/friendship/page-1/263674. Accessed on May 19, 2018.

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 EXPAND YOUR READING
1. Read the texts and check the correct option to complete the sentence.
Cathy November 18, 2010

Drabble November 16, 2012

JumpStart June 10, 2010

Extracted from https://assets.amuniversal.com. Accessed on May 19, 2018.

Comic strips...
( ) present words and are seen in books or newspapers. They describe the pictures and explain what they show.
( ) present a series of pictures, usually organized horizontally, designed as a narrative or a chronological sequence.

2. Circle the correct options to complete the characteristics of comic strips.

Comic strips...
a. are generally humorous / serious and sometimes have a moral.
b. use graphic conventions such as speech and thought bubbles / captions and punctuation signs in the text.
c. employ visual arrangements to tell a story and often reproduce formal / oral language.
d. are written in lower case / capital letters most of the times.
e. never / usually use facial expressions and gestures to show action and thoughts.

3. Work in pairs. What kinds of relationship do the comic strips present?

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 LANGUAGE IN USE 2 Unit 4

MODAL VERBS – CAN and SHOULD

1. Read some extracts from the comics on page 40 and statements about them. Decide if the statements are true (T) or
false (F). Correct the false ones.

24 hours a day, 7 days a week, I can log on and a. ( ) In the first extract, can expresses ability.
experience feelings I never thought possible…

b. ( ) The modal should used in the second extract indicates

Well, maybe you should buy a a piece of advice.
muzzle for your stupid dog!

c. ( ) In the third extract, cannot means not able to.

explain to her that I cannot answer
even the simplest question
d. ( ) In the fourth extract, can is used to ask what is
probable to happen.
Can you at least remind me what
her name is?

2. Read the comic strip below and answer the question in pairs. Then share your opinions about it.
In the first and second panels of the strip, is can used for possibility or permission?

Baldo September 09, 2010

Extracted from www.assets.amuniversal.com/7a5c2fa0ca650131604c005056a9545dw. Accessed on May 20, 2018.

3. Choose the correct option to complete the comics.

Calvin and Hobbes February 26, 1990

Extracted from www.assets.amuniversal.com/6ac251f0dece013171ac005056a9545dw. Accessed on May 20, 2018.

a. ( ) can I go / should I stay / can things be

b. ( ) should I go / can’t I stay / can’t things be

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 LISTENING COMPREHENSION
1. It’s common sense that respect is mandatory in all sorts 3. Listen to Danny Boy and choose the correct options to
of relationships. But what happens with lack of respect? complete the sentences.
Have you seen or experienced situations of disrespect in 06
relationships? Share your answers. a. Danny Boy is...
( ) a former victim of bullying.
2. Below is a poster from a campaign held by The Diana ( ) a former bully.
Award, an independent British charity whose aim is to
empower young people to change the world. What kind of b. According to Danny Boy, ...
campaign is it? ( ) one should control other people’s lives.
( ) one should control his/her own life.
c. Danny Boy used to feel scared...
( ) so he decided to go to his friend’s house.
( ) and wanted to avoid the person who habitually
intimidated him.
d. Danny Boy says the bullied should (select two)...
( ) call the police immediately.
( ) approach the ones who like them.
( ) open up and talk to people.
( ) join a therapy group.

4. Work in small groups. Discuss the questions below with

your classmates. Then report your answers to the class.

a. What other damages can be caused when people

disrespect and violate the standards of good
relationships?
b. When you come across a conflict in a relationship, how
do you usually cope with it?

Extracted from www.youtube.com/watch?v=F3kR5fwscg4. c. Do all countries have the same cultural values regarding
Accessed on May 20, 2018. relationships at all levels? Justify your answer.

EXPAND YOUR HORIZONS

Check ( ) the column that best describes your opinion about each statement. Then discuss your answers with your
classmates and teacher, justifying your point of view.

I agree. I’m not sure. I disagree.

a. Compromise is a crucial part of a relationship. Everyone should

make sacrifices for the sake of relating to others effectively.

b. Understanding the background of the people you relate to

helps maintain healthy relationships at all levels.

c. Communication, acceptance, and respect are inherited traits

of any good relationship and the lack of those may bring
about serious damage to people.

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 REVIEW 2 Unit 3 and 4

1. Read the title of the text below. What do you expect to read about? Predicting

The problems of big data, and what to do about them

In the last 15 years, we have witnessed an explosion in the amount of digital data available – from the Internet,
social media, scientific equipment, smart phones, surveillance cameras, and many other sources – and in the computer
technologies used to process it. “Big Data,” as it is known, will undoubtedly deliver important scientific, technological, and
medical advances. But Big Data also poses serious risks if it is misused or abused.
5 Already, major innovations such as Internet search engines, machine translation, and image labeling have relied on applying
machine-learning techniques to vast data sets. And, in the near future, Big Data could significantly improve government
policymaking, social-welfare programs, and scholarship.
But having more data is no substitute for having high-quality data. For example, a recent article in Nature reports that
election pollsters in the United States are struggling to obtain representative samples of the population, because they are
10 legally permitted to call only landline telephones, whereas Americans increasingly rely on cell phones. […]
In recent years, automated programs based on biased data sets have caused numerous scandals. For example, last April, when
a college student searched Google images for “unprofessional hairstyles for work,” the results showed mostly pictures of black
people; when the student changed the first search term to “professional,” Google returned mostly pictures of white people. […]
Another hazard of Big Data is that it can be gamed. When people know that a data set is being used to make important
15 decisions that will affect them, they have an incentive to tip the scales in their favor. […]
A third hazard is privacy violations, because so much of the data now available contains personal information. In recent
years, enormous collections of confidential data have been stolen from commercial and government sites; and researchers
have shown how people’s political opinions or even sexual preferences can be accurately gleaned from seemingly innocuous
online postings, such as movie reviews – even when they are published pseudonymously.
20 Finally, Big Data poses a challenge for accountability. Someone who feels that he or she has been treated unfairly by an
algorithm’s decision oŠen has no way to appeal it, either because specific results cannot be interpreted, or because the
people who have written the algorithm refuse to provide details about how it works. […]
The good news is that the hazards of Big Data can be largely avoided. But they won’t be unless we zealously protect
people’s privacy, detect and correct unfairness, use algorithmic recommendations prudently, and maintain a rigorous
understanding of algorithms’ inner workings and the data that informs their decisions.
Extracted from www.weforum.org/agenda/2017/02/big-data-how-we-can-manage-the-risks. Accessed on June 04, 2018.

2. Read the text in activity 1 and check the most appropriate 4. Read an extract from the text. Circle the sentence that
definition for Big Data. Making inferences refers to a fact and underline the sentence that refers to
a. ( ) a system of connecting computers to the Internet an action taking place at the moment the text was written.
and moving information, such as messages or
pictures, at a very high speed “[...]
b. ( ) the very large amounts of information that can But having more data is no substitute for having
now be gathered, kept, and analyzed, especially
high-quality data. For example, a recent article in
information about people’s interests or what they
like, as a result of things such as social media use Nature reports that election pollsters in the United
States are struggling to obtain representative
Adapted from www.ldoceonline.com/. Accessed on June 28, 2018.
samples of the population, because they are legally
3. Mention two risks posed if Big Data is misused or abused, permitted to call only landline telephones, whereas
according to the text. Understanding details Americans increasingly rely on cellphones.
[...]”

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 5. Choose the correct option to complete the paragraph.

We in a digital age, so technology is definitely a part of our daily life. Teens

social media platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter to express themselves and to look for information as well. In fact,
teens always the virtual world to communicate with one another. It’s also
true that most teens to one site; they often and end up using multiple ones.

a. ( ) are living / are accessing / are… using / doesn’t stick / are experimenting
b. ( ) live / access / are… using / don’t stick / are experimenting
c. ( ) live / are accessing / are… using / don’t stick / experiment

6. Use the cues from the box to complete the quotes. There is an extra option which you do not need to use.

shouldn’t do can give can’t avoid should have

Every social media post

a beautiful
graphic. If there are two identical stories, the
one with the beautiful graphic will always win.
Guy Kawasaki
Social media is huge. You
people a
behind-the-scenes look at your life.
Hilary Knight

Social media has changed our lives forever.

Some continue to reject social media,
refusing to become one of the sheep, but
you just it.
Fabrizio Moreira

Extracted from www.brainyquote.com. Accessed on September 21, 2018.

7. Fill in the blanks in the comic strip with the simple past of the verbs be, transform, and turn.

JumpStart February 24, 2011 ID: 283486

Extracted from https://assets.amuniversal.com/01fb6fe01b37012ea5c900163e41dd5bw. Accessed on June 5, 2018.

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 UNIT
Art: The Language
5 of Emotions

IN THIS UNIT YOU WILL…

• talk about different forms of art;
• learn how to form words using
prefixes;
What comes to your mind when you
• understand the formation of think of art?
plural nouns;
• learn the correct order of
adjectives when describing
LEAD OFF What do you see in the picture?
What do you think the author of this
picture wanted to express? Which
a noun. themes are depicted in the picture?

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 READING
BEFORE READING Relating to the topic

1. Art comes in different forms and can be found in different places. Look at the pictures and identify where you would most
likely find these examples of art.

a b c d

( ) on the streets ( ) in a museum ( ) in an art gallery ( ) at an event

2. What do you think of the following quote? How much do you agree with it?

The purpose of art is washing the dust of daily life off our souls.
Pablo Picasso

WHILE READING
Read the article and decide if the statements are true (T) or false (F). Scanning
a. ( ) Art is only art if it is in a museum. b. ( ) Any place can be a possible site for art.
c. ( ) One of the goals of art is to engage a community. d. ( ) Creativity is not innate in human beings.

www.artsy.net/article/artsy-editorial-the-most-relevant-art-today-is-taking-place-outside-the-art-world

The Most Relevant Art Today Is Taking Place Outside the Art World
[…] If you walk east from Columbia’s Butler Library, down the rocky hills of Morningside Park, and cross a few
avenues, you will find a relatively nondescript laundromat, one of some 3,000 in New York. It’s not a gallery, nor a
pop-up space, nor the work of an artist who turned an abandoned building into a functioning laundromat. No, it’s
a laundromat, but nonetheless one bursting with creativity.

5 […] During the summer months, it hosts workshops by The Laundromat Project, a nonprofit officially started in
2005 that seeks to “amplify the creativity that already exists within communities” through residencies, development
programs, and a host of other events, as its executive director Kemi Ilesanmi explained to me. The benefit of
hosting public events in laundromats is engaging a diverse group of people. In New York, at least, they are “multi-
generational, multi-race, and multi-class spaces,” says Ilesanmi. The type of community engagement fostered by the
10 project isn’t about painting a mural and walking away, but rather commissioning artists who think long and hard
about how to engage the communities where the project operates: Harlem, Bedford Stuyvesant, and Hunts Point/
Longwood, three neighborhoods primarily made up of people of color with modest incomes and rich histories. […]
“One of the things that makes us stand out is that we meet people where they are,” said Ilesanmi. “It’s not that museums
can’t or have never done that. But we actually do it all the time. It’s not a special project. […] In our opinion everyone is
15 creative, and we remind them of that even when they don’t think that about themselves,” said Ilesanmi, adding, “creative
expression is just a part of being human beings.” As we spoke, she talked through the imagined voice of any given
person: “I dance, I love music, I love “fill in the blank”, as a human being in the world. However, I don’t need that validated
by, nor do I feel like I have to go into, a formal setting.” Likely because of this inclusive approach, the Laundromat Project
has been met with success. The organization was featured at the Creative Time summit and successfully raised $35,000
20 in 10 days this year. It’s now thinking about how it will adapt and change its program in the future.
Extracted from www.artsy.net/article/artsy-editorial-the-most-relevant-art-today-is-taking-place-outside-the-art-world. Accessed on June 12, 2018.

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 Unit 5

AFTER READING
1. What are your interpretations for the pieces of art below? Match the numbers with the pictures.
a. to reflect about conflict
b. to reflect about conformity
c. to reflect about human identity
( ) ( ) ( )

Head in the Box, 1979-81, Peter Wilson Rage, the Flower Thrower, 2005, Banksy Cape Cod Evening, 1939, Edward Hopper

2. Underline the incorrect information in each statement according to the article. Understanding details

a. Most people are creative and the Laundromat Project accepts this as a universal truth.
b. The Laundromat project has certainly been successful because of its inclusive approach.
c. The Laundromat project reminds people of how creative they are only if they think that about themselves.
d. Only a specific group of people is engaged with art in the Laundromat project.

3. Rewrite the statements from activity 2 with the correct information.

a.

b.

c.

d.

EXPAND YOUR VOCABULARY

1. Find the words or expressions in italics in the reading. Then match each one with its meaning.
a. helped a skill, feeling, idea, etc, develop over a period of time
( ) nondescript
b. so full that nothing else can fit inside ( ) a pop-up space
c. opened somewhere for a short, limited period of time ( ) nonetheless
d. looking very ordinary and not at all interesting ( ) bursting
e. to be much better than other similar people or things ( ) host
f. in spite of the fact that has just been mentioned ( ) fostered
g. to provide the place and everything that is needed for an organized event ( ) stand out

2. Is there any space in your city that is used, or could be used, to host such an event? Are the people who live in your city
creative? How do (or would) they benefit from such a space to express their art?

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 VOCABULARY IN USE
1. The prefix non- is added to the beginning of the word profit to create a new word in meaning: nonprofit. Read the examples of
the most common prefixes and complete the table with the words possible and ordinary, adding the correct prefix to them.

Prefix Meaning Example

anti- against / opposed to anti-government

dis- reverse or remove disagree

down- reduce or lower downgrade

extra- beyond

illegal

il- / im- / in- / ir- not

insecure
irregular
mis- incorrectly misspelled

non- not nonpayment

re- again redo

co- together, mutually co-worker

2. Circle the prefix in the words below.

a. dishonest d. extraterrestrial g. misbehave j. anti-racist

b. redo e. non-smoking h. downhearted k. immigrate

c. illiterate f. irresponsible i. incapable

3. Complete the sentences with a word from activity 2.

a. My grade was extremely low, so my teacher told me to my essay.
b. Brian was because his friend was moving away.
c. It was of you to leave her alone.
d. The city’s road system is of handling such a volume of traffic.
e. How do scientists search for life?

f. One of my principles is that we should never be . Honesty is extremely important for our character.

4. What do these sentences mean? Underline the correct alternative.

I’m worried that they will disappear before they pay.

a. I’m worried that they will appear again before they pay.

b. I’m worried that they will not appear again before they pay.

I think you misunderstood my instructions. I said you needed to complete it by Thursday, not Tuesday.

a. I think you didn’t understand my instructions correctly. It was Thursday, not Tuesday.

b. I think you understood my instructions, but decided to complete it on Tuesday instead of Thursday.

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 LANGUAGE IN USE 1 Unit 5

PLURAL OF NOUNS
1. Read this excerpt from the text on page 46. Focus on the words in bold. Then read the statements and write true (T) or false (F).

a. ( ) The letter s in English can be used to indicate the plural of a noun

One of the things that makes us and the third person singular of a verb in the simple present.
stand out is that we meet people b. ( ) All plural forms in English are formed with -s or -es.
where they are,’ said Ilesanmi.
c. ( ) Irregular plural forms in English have no rule.
d. ( ) All words in bold in the excerpt indicate a plural form.

2. Look at the table below and complete the rule with the words and letters from the box.

Singular Plural Singular Plural Singular Plural

boy boys girl girls book books
box boxes match matches class classes
brush brushes hero heroes potato potatoes
piano pianos photo photos baby babies
city cities leaf leaves life lives
belief beliefs roof roofs / rooves man men
woman women child children person people

o s ies y
ves irregular es es
y f y s

Many English nouns form their plural by adding or . We usually add to words that end in s,
x, ch, sh and, sometimes, o. However, some words ending in also have their plural form just by the addition of -s.
When a word ends in a that comes after a consonant, we substitute the for to form the
plural. Words ending in a that come after a vowel have their plural form created by adding such as
play. Some words ending in f or in fe require you to substitute the f or the fe for . However, other words ending in
are made plural by adding s only. Some words have plural forms, and need to be memorized.

3. Rewrite these excerpts from the text on page 46 in the plural form. Pay attention to the other changes you need to make.
a. “It’s not a gallery, nor a pop-up space, nor the work of an artist who turned an abandoned building into a functioning
laundromat.”

b. “The type of community engagement fostered by the project isn’t about painting a mural and walking away.”

4. Look at the new sentences you wrote in activity 3. Then check ( ) the sentences below that are true.
a. ( ) Some words don’t have a plural form; they are uncountable nouns.
b. ( ) Don’t use indefinite articles with nouns in the plural form. However, it’s OK to use the definite article with either the
singular or the plural.
c. ( ) Don’t make any changes to the pronouns in your sentences.
d. ( ) Adjectives don’t have a plural form.

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 EXPAND YOUR READING
1. Look at the pictures below. They show works of art. What do you think they represent?

https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/works-of-art/21.6.73/

Headrest
Date: 19th–20th century Dimensions: H. 5 5/8 x W. 6 1/4 x
Geography: Zimbabwe D. 2 1/2 in. (14.3 x 15.9 x 6.4 cm)
Culture: Shona peoples Classification: Wood-Furniture
Medium: Wood Credit Line: Anonymous GiŠ, 1986
Accession Number: 1986.484.1
Description
The use of headrests in southern Africa has been traced back to the twelŠh-century archaeological site of Mapungubwe,
an urban center along the Limpopo River. There, evidence of gold sheeting believed to have adorned a long-disintegrated
wooden headrest has been recovered.

The designs of such works, created to protect elaborate coiffures, reflect a range of regional styles. Among the Shona,
headrests were exclusively carved and used by men. Since they also functioned as vehicles of communication with
the ancestral realm, headrests and other personal articles were frequently buried with their owners, evidencing the
intimate connection between the object and its owner. In other cases, they were passed along to male descendants.
Extracted from www.metmuseum.org/toah/works-of-art/1986.484.1/. Accessed on September 25, 2018.

Taweret amulet with double head

Period: New Kingdom Medium: Blue faience
Dynasty: Dynasty 18, Dimensions: H. 2 cm (13/16 in.); W. 1.4 cm (9/16 in.); D. 0.4
late–Dynasty 19 cm (3/16 in.)
Date: ca. 1390–1213 B.C. Credit Line: GiŠ of Lily S. Place, 1921
Geography: From Egypt Accession Number: 21.6.73
Description
Double-headed amulets of the domestic goddess Taweret are rare forms and date
to the 18th dynasty. Amarna is among the known findspots for these, although this
particular example is without provenance.
Extracted from www.metmuseum.org/toah/works-of-art/21.6.73/. Accessed on November 7, 2018.

2. Check ( ) the correct alternative to complete the ( ) a news website.

sentences below.
( ) a museum website.
a. The texts are...
( ) argumentative. 3. Now answer the questions that follow.
a. Which artwork is older?
( ) narrative.
( ) descriptive.
b. The purpose of the text “Headrest” is to... b. Which artwork could only be used by men?
( ) give information about and describe a headrest.
( ) discuss the pros and cons of headrests. c. Why were headrests buried with their owners?
( ) inform readers about the technical features of a
headrest.
c. Both texts were probably taken from… d. What is Taweret?

( ) a blog.

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 LANGUAGE IN USE 2 Unit 5

ORDER OF ADJECTIVES
1. Read this excerpt from the text on page 50 again and pay attention to the words in bold.

[…] There, evidence of gold sheeting believed to have adorned

a long-disintegrated wooden headrest has been recovered.

The words in bold describe and / or add information to the word headrest. In English, these words are positioned before the
corresponding noun. However, there is a word order to follow.

The most usual sequence of adjectives is as follows (10th = farther from the noun; 1st = closer to the noun):

Order Relating to Examples

10th opinion interesting, pretty, funny

9th size large, small, short

8th physical quality organized, slim, messy

7th shape square, rectangular, oval

6th age old, young, ancient

5th color pink, blue, green

4th origin Brazilian, American, Australian

3rd material wooden, glass, plastic

2nd type technological, vegan, self-cleaning

1st purpose washing, decorative

2. Rewrite the following sentences. Use the adjectives in parentheses in the correct order.
a. All the boys were wearing shirts. (clean, flannel, new)

b. Jessica’s friends fell in love with her classmate. (handsome, Mexican, new)

c. He gave his mother a vase. (black, Egyptian, small)

d. She sat behind a desk. (big, brown, wooden)

3. Describe two different objects that you have. Use at least three adjectives to describe each of them.

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 LISTENING COMPREHENSION
1. You are going to listen to an artist called John McKenna talking about his work. As you listen, number the sentences below in
the order the actions are mentioned.
07
( ) He stopped studying art at college when his father’s house was repossessed.
( ) Sometimes he thinks he chose the wrong job for his life.
( ) He says that it is necessary to have strong motivation to make a living as an artist.
( ) He saw a TV program about a sculpture school and knew he wanted to start studying there.
( ) He tried studying accountancy, but then he changed to art.
( ) He started painting signs and painted 60 signs a day for a supermarket.
( ) He was commissioned to sculpt a herd of bronze jersey cows.
( ) His mother died when he was very young.

2. Go to the audio scripts on page 137 and read the personal account again. Then talk to a partner and retell the story.

3. Read the saying below taken from the audio script. Do you agree with it? Exchange ideas with your classmates.

What is meant for you

doesn’t pass by you.

EXPAND YOUR HORIZONS

Check ( ) the column that best describes your opinion about each statement. Then discuss your answers with your
classmates and teacher, justifying your point of view.

I agree. I’m not sure. I disagree.

a. Art is not meant to transform society, but to represent it.

b. It is possible to rank different forms of art in terms of

their importance.

c. Traditional art is losing its place and relevance in

today’s world.

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 UNIT
Sport is No Longer
6 Just Sport

IN THIS UNIT YOU WILL…

• talk about how sports have
become big business;
• learn how to form nouns using
suffixes;
• exchange ideas about the How are the title of this unit and the
inclusion of new sports in the picture related?

LEAD OFF
2020 Olympics; Has the commercialization of sport
• make comparisons using changed the behavior of players?
How?
the comparative and the
superlative forms. How do sports help nations?

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 READING
BEFORE READING
Work in pairs. List some problems the sports industry faces nowadays.
Bridging and relating to the topic

WHILE READING
Scan the text and answer the question: what is it about? Circle at least two elements that justify your answer.
Finding organizational patterns

http://politics.uchicago.edu/pages/juliet-macur-seminar-series

The Power and Politics of Sports: Why Games Aren’t Just Games Anymore
Sports used to be simple. Go to games. Play games. Have fun. Be entertained. Now it’s so much more. Every level of sports –
from your local youth leagues straight up to the pros – has become big business that generates big money and big influence.
For good and bad, the sports world is bigger and more powerful than ever, with athletes wielding more and more influence
over our culture and our politics.
5 RSVP for all of Juliet’s seminars here

January 12: The Power of the Athlete

Should athletes keep their focus on the playing field, or do they have a duty to speak out on social issues because so many
people look up to them? When Muhammad Ali and Kareem Abdul-Jabbar spoke out about Donald Trump’s idea to ban all
Muslims from entry into the United States, why did it make an impact? Or, when Russia enacted an anti-gay law before the
2014 Sochi Winter Games, why did so many Olympic athletes refuse to talk about the politics of it, saying sports and politics
10 should remain separate? What, exactly, is the duty of the athlete in those situations?

January 19: The FIFA Takedown – Corruption in Soccer and International Sports
One morning last May in Zurich, Swiss law enforcement raided a five-star lakeside hotel and arrested some of the world’s
most powerful officials in worldwide soccer. Those arrests marked the beginning of perhaps the biggest takedown in the
history of sports, with FIFA, soccer’s global governing body, at the center of it all and United States federal prosecutors
15 leading the charge to clean up the sport. How did those FIFA officials reign with so much impunity for so many years? How
did the International Olympic Committee allow global soccer to get to this point of such widespread corruption that, by the
end of 2015, more than 40 officials in the sport pleaded guilty or were arrested for crimes that included receiving bribes and
kickbacks? […]

January 26: Fantasy Football Feud: The Debate over DraftKings & FanDuel
Fantasy-league betting has become a multibillion-dollar industry. But will it soon be extinct? Online daily fantasy sports sites,
like DraftKings and FanDuel, are commanding attention now and it’s nearly impossible to watch sports on television – or go to
20 a sporting event, for that matter – without seeing their ads. Yet those days might be coming to an end. Those sites and ones
like them are at the center of an ongoing, sizzling public policy debate that pits whether internet fantasy league gambling
is a game of chance or a game of skill. If it’s a game of chance, then the government would have to step in to regulate it, or
ban it outright. We discuss the future of fantasy leagues and whether they should be legal. Also, does that type of gambling
dehumanize the athletes, who feel like disposable pawns in that money-making game? Should fans even care?

February 2: Former US Soccer Captain & Current ESPN Analyst Julie Foudy on Women in Sports
25 The United States women’s national soccer team sued FIFA and the Canadian Soccer Association last year, claiming
discrimination because the 2015 Women’s World Cup had only artificial turf fields, instead of grass ones, which is the pre-
ferred surface for the game. The team asked: The men’s World Cup is played on grass and will be for the foreseeable future,
so why do the women have to play on an inferior surface? The women’s team backed down from its case, as FIFA basically
ran out the clock. Now do these women, whose World Cup-winning final game was the most watched soccer game in United
States history, have the power to demand better fields? Or will women in sports always find themselves stuck behind men?
Adapted from http://politics.uchicago.edu/pages/juliet-macur-seminar-series. Accessed on May 25, 2018.

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 Unit 6

AFTER READING
Understanding main ideas
1. Check ( ) the issues that are not discussed in the seminars mentioned in the text.
a. ( ) discrimination b. ( ) fantasy sports sites c. ( ) being a sportswriter
d. ( ) doping e. ( ) widespread corruption

2. Answer these questions. If necessary, go back to the text. Understanding details

a. What event is considered the starting point of perhaps the biggest dishonor in the history of sports?

b. Which online daily fantasy sports sites are mentioned in the text?

c. Why did the United States women’s national soccer team sue FIFA and the Canadian Soccer Association last year?

3. From your view, which seminar brings up the most controversial subject? Explain.

EXPAND YOUR VOCABULARY

1. Find in the text the words that correspond to these definitions. Write them in the blanks.
a. : noun [uncountable] when people risk money or possessions on the result of something which is
not certain, such as a card game or a horse race → betting
b. : noun [countable] informal money that someone pays secretly and dishonestly in return for
someone’s help
c. : adjective too strong to be destroyed or defeated
d. : noun [countable, uncountable] something that you have to do because it is morally or legally right
e. : noun [countable] someone who is used by a more powerful person or group and has no control of
the situation
Extracted from www.ldoceonline.com. Accessed on June 15, 2018.

2. Read this tweet about sports.

Talk to a classmate about Vallery Stevens
whether you agree with it or not. @Vall_13

I realize sport has turned into a business. That’s why nowadays I don’t
get too high or low as far as emotions are concerned. It’s a money grab!
4:50 pm – May 25, 2018
11 21 people are talking about this

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 VOCABULARY IN USE
1. Read a subtitle extracted from another part of the text on page 54.

January 19: The FIFA Takedown – Corruption

in Soccer and International Sports.

The suffix -ion has changed the verb corrupt to the noun corruption. Besides -ion, the suffixes -tion, -sion, and -ation refer
to a state or process; for example, corruption is the process of corrupting.

Go back to the text and find other nouns formed by one of these suffixes.

2. Form singular or plural nouns from the verbs in the box to complete the text below.

compete participate populate

Sports in Brazil
Brazilian sports have a very strong heritage in the country. The majority of the oŠen follows and
participates in various sports. Sports are considered a large part of the Brazilian culture rather than just being sporting
events. Besides soccer being the most popular, Brazil has various other sports that the country is very proud of. They
have progressed and earned medals in swimming, sailing, athletics, and judo.

Brazil in the Olympics

Since Brazil has a typically tropical and subtropical climate, it does not usually compete in the Winter Olympics. The
country made its first appearance in the Winter Games in 1992, and most recently participated in 2006. Despite their
minimal in the Winter Olympics, Brazil has been competing in the Summer Olympics since 1920.
Today, they come in at 33rd in the overall ranking of medals in the Summer Olympics.

Top Three Sports in Brazil

Soccer is the most popular sport in Brazil. It is taken very seriously where anything less than a win is, essentially,
considered worthless. Volleyball is the second most popular sport in Brazil. Brazil is also the most successful country
in this sport. Their men’s national volleyball team is currently the champion in the 2 major
(Volleyball World Cup and Volleyball World Championship). […] Brazilian athletes have also greatly succeeded
worldwide in beach volleyball.
Adapted from www.thetranslationcompany.com/news/blog/language-news/portuguese/sports-brazil. Accessed on May 25, 2018.

3. Work with a partner. Write about two sports represented below. Use a noun formed by one of the suffixes studied in
this section.

skateboarding footvolley surfing judo

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 LANGUAGE IN USE 1 Unit 6

COMPARATIVE ADJECTIVES
1. Read this excerpt from the text on page 54 and underline the correct option to complete the sentences.
a. The structures used to compare the world of sports are good and
For good and bad, the sports world is bad / bigger and more powerful.
bigger and more powerful than ever, with b. The author compares the sports world today to our culture and
athletes wielding more and more influence politics / the sports world in the past.
over our culture and our politics.
c. In the author’s opinion, the world of sports in the past was
smaller and less powerful than / as big and powerful as it is now.

2. Complete the table according to what you have studied in activity 1.

short adjectives long adjectives

Comparative of superiority
small + + powerful +
short or long adjectives
Comparative of inferiority + famous +

+ competitive +
short or long adjectives

Comparative of equality + big +

+ powerful +

3. Read the infographic below and circle the adjectives in the comparative form. Then complete the sentences with the
comparative form of the adjectives in parentheses.

Extracted from
a. When kids are not physically active, they have https://sites.google.com/site/sportsinschoolarevery
benficial/counterclaims. Accessed on May 25, 2018.
(bad) performance than when they are.

b. Kids’ behavior is (appropriate) when they STUDY THIS

practice sports.

c. Students who are physically fit are (good) at Irregular Comparatives

recalling information than those who have poor physical fitness.
good – better little – less
bad – worse much – more
4. Work in pairs. Ask each other two questions about the infographic far – farther / further
using adjectives in the comparative form.

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 EXPAND YOUR READING
1. Read the text below and relate it to the one on page 54. In your opinion, how is the addition of five new sports events to the
Tokyo Olympics in 2020 associated with the power and politics of sports? Share your opinion with your classmates.

https://www.olympic.org/news/ioc-approves-five-new-sports-for-olympic-games-tokyo-2020

IOC APPROVES FIVE NEW SPORTS FOR OLYMPIC GAMES TOKYO 2020
Updated 1658 GMT (0058 HKT) August 4, 2016
THE INTERNATIONAL OLYMPIC COMMITTEE (IOC) TODAY AGREED TO ADD BASEBALL/SOFTBALL, KARATE,
SKATEBOARDING, SPORTS CLIMBING AND SURFING TO THE SPORTS PROGRAM FOR THE OLYMPIC GAMES
TOKYO 2020.
The decision by the 129th IOC Session in Rio de Janeiro was the most comprehensive evolution of the
Olympic program in modern history. Plans call for staging the skateboarding and sports climbing events
in temporary venues installed in urban settings, marking a historic step in bringing the Games to young
people and reflecting the trend of urbanization of sport.
5 The Organizing Committee for the Tokyo 2020 Games proposed the five new sports in response to the new
flexibility provided by Olympic Agenda 2020.
[…]
Tokyo 2020, the first Organizing Committee able to take advantage of the change, submitted its proposal for
the five new sports to the IOC in September 2015.
10 IOC President Thomas Bach said, “We want to take sport to the youth. With the many options that young
people have, we cannot expect any more that they will come automatically to us. We have to go to them.
Tokyo 2020’s balanced proposal fulfills all of the goals of the Olympic Agenda 2020 recommendation that
allowed it. Taken together, the five sports are an innovative combination of established and emerging,
youth-focused events that are popular in Japan and will add to the legacy of the Tokyo Games.”
15 […]
Tokyo 2020 President Yoshiro Mori said, “The inclusion of the package of new sports will afford young
athletes the chance of a lifetime to realize their dreams of competing in the Olympic Games – the world’s
greatest sporting stage – and inspire them to achieve their best, both in sport and in life.”
The IOC considered a variety of factors when assessing the proposal, including the impact on gender
20 equality, the youth appeal of the sports and the legacy value of adding them to the Tokyo Games.
Adapted from www.olympic.org/news/ioc-approves-five-new-sports-for-olympic-games-tokyo-2020. Accessed on July 25, 2018.

2. Check ( ) the correct option to complete the sentences below.

a. The text is... c. The text deals with...

( ) an interview. ( ) a sequence of events about a famous person’s life.
( ) a scientific article. ( ) a contemporary topic that interests a vast audience.
( ) a news report.
( ) a known fact described in the first person singular.

b. The purpose of the text is to...

d. The number of sports being introduced in the 2020 Tokyo
( ) inform readers about the inclusion of new sports in Olympic Games is...
the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games.
( ) four.
( ) discuss sports as social tools to be implemented in
Tokyo in 2020. ( ) five.
( ) offer a critical perspective on urban sports in Tokyo ( ) seven.
in a humorous way.

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 LANGUAGE IN USE 2 Unit 6

SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVES
1. Below you will find some extracts from the news report on page 58. Read them and match the sentence halves to form
meaningful statements about superlatives.

The decision by the 129th IOC Session in Rio de

Janeiro was the most comprehensive evolution a. In the first extract, the evolution is compared to...
of the Olympic program in modern history [...] b. In the second extract, the Olympic Games are compared to...
c. The word best is...

[…] the chance of a lifetime to realize their ( ) the superlative form of the adjective good.
dreams of competing in the Olympic Games – the
world’s greatest sporting stage – and inspire them ( ) all the evolutions of the Olympics in modern history.
to achieve their best, both in sport and in life.
( ) all the sporting stages.

2. Now based on activity 1, complete the following d. “The skill to acquire in this sport is the
statements. one where you compete all out, give it all you have, and
a. To form the superlative of most long adjectives, we use you are still getting beat no matter what you do. When
before them. you have the killer instinct to fight through that, it is very
special.” – Eddie Reese
b. To form the superlative of most short adjectives, we add
Extracted from www.keepinspiring.me/100-most-inspirational-sports-quotes-of-all-time.
to them. Accessed on May 28, 2018.

c. In superlatives, it is common to use the definite article 4. Underline a superlative structure in the text fragment
before adjectives. below. Then rewrite the whole sentence using a synonym.
d. Some adjectives such as good and bad, for example,
have irregular forms in their superlatives. Those are
and the worst, respectively.

STUDY THIS

Irregular Superlatives
good – best little – least far – farthest /
Currently, there are an estimated 30 million people worldwide
bad – worst much – most furthest who skate at least once a week.

[…]
Chris Cole is a professional American skateboarder who
3. Use the superlative form of the adjectives from the box to is excited at the possible prospect of competing at the
complete the quotes below.
Olympic Games.
The 32-year-old is one of the most recognizable stars in the
bad great hard high skateboarding community, winning numerous gold medals
at the X-Games – an annual event for extreme sports.
a. “I always felt that my asset was not my […]
physical ability, it was my mental ability.” – Caitlyn Jenner Adapted from www.bbc.com/sport/olympics/27372110. Accessed on May 28, 2018.

b. “Make sure your enemy doesn’t live

between your own two ears.” – Laird Hamilton
c. “You are never really playing an opponent. You are playing
yourself, your own standards, and when
you reach your limits, that is real joy.” – Arthur Ashe

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 LISTENING COMPREHENSION
1. Read the infographic below and answer: Who are millennials? In your opinion, do they influence the sports industry? Justify
your answer. Answers will vary.

Extracted from http://whymillennialsmatter.com. Accessed on May 27, 2018.

2. Listen to the conclusions of a study comparing the involvement in sports by millennials and non-millennials. Then complete
the blanks with numbers.
08
a. Non-millennials spend % of their media time watching sports on television.

b. They spend % of that time on online TV.

c. Millennials spend % of their time watching sports on television.

d. They spend % of that time on online TV.

e. The survey was conducted with more than people.

f. % of millennial sports fans say that they prefer e-sports to traditional sports.

g. % of non-millennial sports fans say that they prefer e-sports to traditional sports.

3. Why do you think millenials are less involved in traditional sports than previous generations? Exchange ideas with
your classmates.

EXPAND YOUR HORIZONS

Check ( ) the column that best describes your opinion about each statement. Then discuss your answers with your
classmates and teacher, justifying your point of view.

I agree. I’m not sure. I disagree.

a. Commercialization of sports is definitely inevitable because

it empowers players financially and keeps professional
sports highly qualified and entertaining.

b. As sports have become more professional and politicized in

the past years, corrupting effects have also emerged.

c. The inclusion of new sports in the Olympics certainly favors

the younger generation of athletes.

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 REVIEW 3 Unit 5 and 6

1. Read the text and check ( ) the picture that corresponds to the type of art it describes. Relating to the topic

a b
( ) ( )

What is Installation Art? | History and Top Art Installations Since 2013
By My Modern Met Team on April 15, 2018

L
ike most movements that make up modern and contemporary art, installation art exhibits an interest in
innovating. Though similar to sculpture and related to a range of recent artistic genres, the immersive practice
offers a unique way to experience art. In order to grasp the significance of such a movement, it is important to
understand what makes it so special, from its distinctive qualities to its artistic influences.
[…]

5 What is Installation Art?

Installation art is a modern movement characterized by immersive, larger-than-life works of art. Usually, installation
artists create these pieces for specific locations, enabling them to expertly transform any space into a customized,
interactive environment.
[…]
A key attribute of installation art is its ability to physically interact with viewers. While all artistic mediums have the ability
10 to engage individuals, most do not completely immerse them in interactive experiences.
In addition to facilitating dialogues between observers and works of art, this unique characteristic invites
individuals to view art from new and different perspectives—literally!
[…]

PERFORMANCE ART
While performance art—a practice performed before an audience—may seem dissimilar to installation, a form of fine
15 art, the two movements are linked by a key characteristic: a creative and conceptual use of space. In both cases, artists
find innovative and inventive ways to reinterpret and reimagine everyday environments.
Extracted from www.mymodernmet.com/what-is-installation-art-history-artists. Accessed on June 15, 2018.

Understanding details
2. Underline the statement that is not true according to the text.
a. Installation art provides opportunities for observers to really interact with art.
b. Installation art is modern, innovative, and often collaborative as well.
c. Performance and installation arts are completely disassociated movements.
d. Communication between spectators and works of art is easier with installations.
e. Artistis are innovative when they reinterpret everyday environments.

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 3. Refer back to the text on page 61 and find the adjectives 4. Which nouns in the text follow the same plural spelling
used to qualify the nouns in bold. rule shown in qualities in “from its distinctive qualities
to its artistic influences”?
a. art
a. ( ) way, ability
b. genres

c. works of art b. ( ) ability, history

d. environment
c. ( ) history, way
e. perspectives
d. ( ) exhibit, history
f. use

g. ways

5. Read some headlines related to sports news. Then fill in the blanks with the adjectives from the box in the comparative or
superlative form.
fast good bad old

a.
Kilian Jornet: inside the mind of the b.
world’s mountain runner D-day veteran becomes world’s
Kilian Jornet, 29, is widely considered the skydiver at 101 and 38 days
world’s best ultra-distance and mountain Verdun Hayes breaks record by completing
runner. Last month, he conquered Mount tandem skydive with three generations of his
Everest twice in one week without using family in Devon
supplemental oxygen or fixed ropes. [...]
Extracted from www.theguardian.com. Accessed on November 9, 2018.
Extracted from www.theguardian.com. Accessed on November 9, 2018.

c. d.
French sailor François Gabart makes The decline of competitive sports
solo circumnavigation days is a tragedy – but a lack of
Journey around world took 42 days and 16 exercise is even
hours – six days faster than previous record Competitive sports are good – and fun
Extracted from www.theguardian.com. Accessed on November 9, 2018. Extracted from www.telegraph.co.uk. Accessed on November 9, 2018.

6. Use the cues to write affirmative or negative sentences in the comparative form.
a. Verdun Hayes / be / much old / Kilian Jornet

b. The previous fastest solo circumnavigation / be / six days / long / François Gabart’s solo circumnavigation

c. Mountain runners / be usually / well equipped / Kilian Jornet

d. People / be / competitive / in the past / they / be / now

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 UNIT
Globish:
7 Fad or Fact?

IN THIS UNIT YOU WILL…

• understand the concept
of Globish ;
• discuss the importance of
speaking English nowadays; "The size of your world is proportional
• distinguish the difference to the number of languages you speak."
between possessive Do you agree with this statement?
adjectives and
possessive pronouns; LEAD OFF How important is the English
language in today’s world?
What if English became the only
• learn how to use ’s to language spoken in the world?
indicate possession.

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 READING
BEFORE READING
How much do you know about Globish? Check ( ) the statements that you think are true. Then read the text and
check your answers. Activating previous knowledge

a. ( ) Globish is a sophisticated version of English used by native speakers.

b. ( ) The word Globish is a blend of the words Globe and English.
c. ( ) Globish is an international auxiliary language used by non-native speakers.

WHILE READING
Read part of an article about the Globish revolution. According to the writer, is it easier or harder to communicate with
business people using Globish? Scanning
non-native speakers of English.

So, what’s this Globish revolution?

I say tomato... you say red, round fruit. Increasingly, people across
the world
use some sort of English, but it is not the Queen’s. Robert McCru
m, Observer
Literary Editor, reports on why Globish - English-lite - is becom
ing the
universal language of the boardroom, the net and politics

Jean-Paul Nerriere is the kind of high-flying millennium’. In a moment of pure inspiration he

Frenchman at which the Grandes Ecoles excel: called it ‘Globish’ (pronounced ‘globe-ish’).
cosmopolitan, witty, voluble and insatiably
5 curious about the world around him. Formerl 30 Globish is not ‘pidgin’ or ‘broken’ English but it
ya
naval commander, then a businessman, he is the is highly simplified and unidiomatic. Nerriere
proud holder of the Legion d’Honneur. In his blue observes that in Globish you could never say,
blazer and cravat, twinkly Nerriere cuts a dashing ‘This erstwhile buddy of yours is a weird duck
figure, seems much younger than his 65 years who will probably put the kibosh on all our good
10 and occupies a surprising place in contemporary 35 deeds.’ That might make sense on Acacia Avenue

European culture. but it will not play in Buenos Aires or Zurich. In

Globish you would express this as:
In scenes reminiscent of Lost in Translation, ‘Your old friend is too strange. He would
Nerriere noted that his conversation with the ruin all our efforts.’ Globish, says Nerriere, is
Japanese and Koreans was ‘much easier and 40 ‘decaffeinated English, or English-
lite’.
more efficient than what could be observed
15 between them and the British and
American (IBM) […]
employees who came with me’. A thoughtful man, Nerriere himself is sometimes described as a
with a fascination for the exploits of Nelson, he remarkable man whose ambition is to promote
noted that this observation of non-Anglophone global understanding between nationalities.
English communication applied to He speaks passionately about his hopes for
20 ‘all non-English-speaking countries’. 45 Globish as ‘an official language that
would
Then Nerriere came to his radical, perhaps facilitate the life of everyone and put everyone
revolutionary, conclusion: ‘The language on a par’. He hopes that ‘some day it will be
non-Anglophones spoke together,’ he says, ‘was accepted as a viable alternative by the European
not English, but something vaguely like it.’ Union or the United Nations’.
25 In this language, he noted, ‘we were
better off […]
than genuine Anglophones’. This language, he
decided, ‘was the worldwide dialect of the third

Extracted from www.theguardian.com/theobserver/2006/dec/03/features.review37.

Accessed on August 08, 2018.

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 Unit 7
AFTER READING
Scan the text and find the information below. Scanning
a. What is this sort of English becoming a universal language called?

b. What is Jean-Paul Nerriere’s nationality?

c. Was it easier for Jean-Paul Nerriere or the British and Americans with him to communicate with the Japanese and Koreans?

d. What was Nerriere’s conclusion?

e. What characteristics does the writer give to Globish?

f. How does he simplify the statement: ‘This erstwhile buddy of yours is a weird duck who will probably put the kibosh on all
our good deeds.’

EXPAND YOUR VOCABULARY

1. Choose the correct synonym for each word in bold. If necessary, refer back to the text.
a. “Jean-Paul Nerriere is the kind of high-flying Frenchman […]”
( ) failed
( ) successful
b. “[…] twinkly Nerriere cuts a dashing figure, seems much younger than his 65 years and occupies a surprising place in
contemporary European culture.”
( ) friendly
( ) unfriendly
c. “We were better off than genuine Anglophones.”
( ) more fortunate
( ) more helpless
d. “Nerriere himself is sometimes described as a remarkable man […]”
( ) extremely intelligent
( ) positively surprising
e. “[…] Globish as ‘an official language that would facilitate the life of everyone and put everyone on a par’.”
( ) at different levels
( ) at the same level
2. What do you think the author meant by “Globish […] is decaffeinated English, or English-lite”?

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 VOCABULARY IN USE
1. Reread this excerpt from the text on page 64 and choose the best option to complete the sentences.

Globish is not ‘pidgin’ or ‘broken’ English but

it is highly simplified and unidiomatic.

a. By employing the underlined expression, the author means that people who speak Globish use / do not use idioms in
their speech.
b. Idioms are combinations of words whose meaning is difficult / easy to guess from the meaning of each individual word.

2. The idioms in bold in the sentences below are related to body parts. Read the sentences and infer the meaning of the
idioms. Then match the columns.
a. Susan always has butterflies in her stomach before she ( ) loved and cherished by someone
speaks in public.
( ) becomes nervous
b. Jack is the apple of his father’s eye.
( ) a lot of money
c. I was going to buy that new cell phone,
but it costs an arm and a leg!

3. Complete the sentences below with the idioms from the box. Make all the necessary changes.

put your foot in your mouth know your onions apples and oranges a piece of cake cup of tea
have a finger in every pie cold feet give someone the cold shoulder know something by heart

a. I don’t need you to remind me the lyrics of that song. I .

b. That was probably the easiest game we’ve ever played! It was !
c. I didn’t mean to offend you, really! I guess I just .
d. In all honesty, pop music is not my . I prefer rock.
e. If you have any questions about language, you can ask James. He really .
f. Mary doesn’t like focusing on one thing only! She .
g. You can’t really compare riding a bike to traveling by plane. It’s like !
Two completely different things!
h. I saw Judy at the party, but she . I don’t know why she ignored me like that.
i. I thought I’d be OK with it, but now I’m not sure I want to travel. I’m getting
about this trip.

4. Work with a partner. Think of three sentences with any idiom from the previous activity. Two sentences have to be true
about you, and one has to be false. Guess which is your partner’s false sentence.

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 LANGUAGE IN USE 1 Unit 7

THE ’S FOR POSSESSION

1. The excerpt below is from the reading text on page 64. Circle the possessive with ‘s.

[…] people across the world use some

sort of English, but it is not the Queen’s.

2. Read the sentences below, paying close attention to the ‘s. Then write P for the ones that refer to a possessive and B for the
ones that refer to the verb be.
a. ( ) Will’s here because learning a foreign language is c. ( ) What’s the text about?
important for our future. d. ( ) Kelly’s Spanish teacher wants to retire next year.
b. ( ) That woman’s language is very different from ours.
Is it Japanese?

3. Now analyze the structures in bold in the sentences below and complete the rules with the words from the box.
a. This is that blond girl’s old doll.
b. If you’d like to play with the children’s toys, you should ask them for permission.
c. You cannot get those books. They are our teachers’ books.
d. Jack and Jill are siblings. Jack and Jill’s parents are at home now.
e. John’s and Mary’s cars were stolen on the same day!

plural after each one ’s ’ irregular one object

a. We add to nouns in the singular form to express possession.

b. The possessed item always comes the person who has the possession.
c. We add only when the possession refers to a regular noun in the form.
d. If the noun has an plural form, we need to use ’s to form the possessive.
e. If there is only that belongs to two or more people, we add ’s only after the last person.
f. If there are two different objects that belong to two or more different people, we use the ’s after of the people.

4. Rewrite the sentences below using ’s or ’.

a. The sister of my uncle speaks six different languages.

b. The mother of Susan and Michael is a very nice lady who was born overseas.

c. This car belongs to those women.

d. These T-shirts belong to the students.

5. Now rewrite these sentences with the verbs given also expressing possession.
a. This is my sister’s computer. (belongs)

b. That is Jack’s car. (owns)

c. This is Lucas’s bike. (has)

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 EXPAND YOUR READING
1. Read the text and answer: Is it a book summary or a book review?

The Future of English?

This book is about the English language in the 21st century: about who will speak
it and for what purposes. It is a practical briefing document, written for educators,
politicians, managers – any decision maker or planning team with a professional
interest in the development of English worldwide.
5 The book explores the possible long-term impact on the English language from
developments in communications technology, growing economic globalization and
major demographic shifts at the end of the twentieth century and beyond. It uses
existing linguistic research as a basis for examining new trends in globalization, popular
culture, and economic development to see how these affect the future use of English.
10 ‘The Future of English?’ takes stock of the present position of English in the
world and asks whether we can expect its status to remain unchanged during the coming decades of
unprecedented social and economic global change. The book concludes that the future is more complex
and less predictable than has usually been assumed.
First published in 1997, the book was commissioned by the British Council and was intended to stimulate
15 constructive debate about the future status of English at that time.

The book is divided into five main sections:

Section 1 – How English reached its position
Section 2 – Techniques of forecasting and identifying patterns of linguistic change
Section 3 – Significant global social and economic trends
20 Section 4 – The impact of such trends on language and communication
Section 5 – A summary of the impact for the English language
About the author
David Graddol is a British applied linguist, well known as a writer, broadcaster, researcher, and
consultant on issues relating to global English.
Adapted from https://englishagenda.britishcouncil.org/continuing-professional-development/cpd-managers/future-english. Accessed on July 23, 2018.
Reproduced with kind permission of the British Council.

2. Identify the incorrect information in the sentences below. Then rewrite them with the correct information.
a. The book is recommended for students who are learning English.

b. The book examines new trends in education to see how they affect the future use of English.

c. The author did not have the intention of stimulating constructive debate about the future status of English when it was
first published.

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 LANGUAGE IN USE 2 Unit 7

POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS
1. Based on the comic strip complete the examples.

YOURS substitutes for your weird dream.

MINE substitutes for my weird dream.
THEIRS substitutes for their weird dream.

In English, we use a possessive pronoun when we replace both the noun and the possessive adjective or the ‘s for one single
pronoun. For example:

My car →
Susan’s books →

Remember that it is important for your interlocutor to know what you are talking about when you use only a pronoun.
For example:
That is his dog, and this is mine. (my dog)

2. Possessive pronouns are used in reference to the possessor and, as such, are closely linked to subject pronouns. It’s important
not to confuse them with possessive adjectives. Complete the table below to visualize the differences between them.

Subject pronoun Possessive adjective Possessive pronoun

I my

You your

He his

She her

It its

We our

They their

3. Complete the sentences below with possessive adjectives or possessive pronouns.

a. I have books, and William has .
b. David doesn’t want to talk to parents, but you can talk to .
c. We are going to wait for friends. Donna and Albert are going to wait for .
d. Are you asking them to share secrets without sharing first?
e. Jane and Sean are coming over to pick up cat, Yaros... Yarosv... What is name again?
f. This is not Matthew’s car, it’s Anna’s. is older than Matthew’s.

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 LISTENING COMPREHENSION
1. Will English always be the global language? What has made it the global language today?
Discuss your thoughts with a classmate.

2. You will hear part of a talk given by Dr. David Crystal, one of the most renowned linguists of our times.
He is answering the question, “Will English always be the global language?”. Check ( ) the sentences below
09 that correspond with David Crystal’s views.
a. ( ) It was easy to have predicted that Latin was no longer going to be spoken by the vast majority of the globe.
b. ( ) We can’t be sure if English will be the dominant language in 100 years’ time.
c. ( ) The future of language and the future of society are connected.
d. ( ) There are many reasons why a language becomes global.
e. ( ) People want to speak a foreign language because of power.
f. ( ) Among the reasons why English became global, we can mention the Industrial Revolution.
g. ( ) The Internet is still monolingual.
h. ( ) It is very difficult to imagine a scenario in which English won’t be the global language.
i. ( ) Spanish is the fastest-growing language in the world.
j. ( ) English will retain the title of global language for the short-term future.

Extracted from www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Kvs8SxN8mc. Accessed on June 29, 2018.

3. How similar or how different were his answers from yours in activity 1? Write down the two most important things that
David Crystal mentioned in his talk and compare them with a classmate.

EXPAND YOUR HORIZONS

Check ( ) the column that best describes your opinion about each statement below. Then discuss your answers with your
classmates and teacher, justifying your point of view.
I agree. I’m not sure. I disagree.

a. If we speak Globish, we have access to a broader

range of information, connections,
and opportunities.

b. It is possible that one day English will no longer be

one of the world’s most used languages.

c. English should not be the leading language

as it is not the most popular language.

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 UNIT
8 Hit the Road

IN THIS UNIT YOU WILL…

• talk about the means of
What does the picture represent? How
transportation used for is it related to the title of this unit?
long-distance travels;
Have you ever heard the expression
travel smart? What do you think it
• exchange ideas about traveling
smart and packing light; LEAD OFF means?
What are the means of transportation
• refer to past actions with used to; people often use for short trips? What
• use the modal verb must. about long trips?

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 READING
BEFORE READING Predicting the theme and the literary genre

Look at the book cover below and read the synopsis that follows. What do you think the book is about? And what genre of
book is it?

Paul Theroux is a vocal proponent of rail travel over air travel, which he likens to
traveling by submarine for all that goes unseen and not experienced by its adherents.
The Great Railway Bazaar, his 1975 account of a four-month railroad journey through
Europe and Asia begins, “I sought trains, I found passengers.” It is certainly the
individuals that Theroux meets along the way, rather than the cities, buildings, or sites
of touristic import, to which he devotes his most generous descriptions.
Adapted from THEROUX, Paul. The Great Railway Bazaar. PLACE: Penguin, YEAR, p. 2.

WHILE READING
Scan the text. Do you expect it to be narrative or argumentative? Mention the characteristics that support your answer.
Recognizing textual types

Chapter Two THE DIRECT-ORIENT EXPRESS

Duffill had put on a pair of glasses, wire-framed and with enough Scotch tape on the lenses to prevent
his seeing the Blue Mosque. He assembled his parcels and, grunting, produced a suitcase, bound with a
selection of leather and canvas belts as an added guarantee against it bursting open. A few cars down we
met again to read the sign on the side of the wagon-lit: direct-orient and its itinerary, PARIS – LAUSANNE –
5 MILANO – TRIESTE – ZAGREB – BEOGRAD – SOFIYA – ISTANBUL. We stood there, staring at this sign;
Duffill worked his glasses like binoculars. Finally he said, ‘I took this train in nineteen twenty-nine.’
It seemed to call for a reply, but by the time a reply occurred to me (‘Judging from its condition, it was
probably this very train!’) Duffill had gathered up his parcels and his strapped suitcase and moved down the
platform. It was a great train in 1929, and it goes without saying that the Orient Express is the most famous train
10 in the world. Like the Trans-Siberian, it links Europe with Asia, which accounts for some of its romance. But it
has also been hallowed by fiction: restless Lady Chatterley took it; so did Hercule Poirot and James Bond; […]
After several minutes the rest of the passengers went into their compartments – from my own I
heard the smashing of paper parcels being stuffed into corners. This left the drinker, whom I had started to think
of as the Captain, and me alone in the passage. He looked my way and said, ‘Istanbul?’
15 ‘Yes.’
‘Have a drink.’
[…]
His name was Molesworth, but he said it so distinctly that the first time I heard it I thought it was
a double-barreled name. There was something military in his posture and the promptness of his
speech, and at the same time this flair could have been an actor’s. […]
20 ‘I’m an actors’ agent,’ he said. ‘I’ve got my own firm in London. It’s a smallish firm, but we do all
right. We always have more than we can handle.’
‘Any actors I might know?’
He named several famous actors.
I said, ‘I thought you might be army.’
25 ‘Did you?’ He said that he had been in the Indian army – Poona, Simla, Madras – and his duties
there were of a theatrical nature, organizing shows for the troops. […]
We talked about Indian trains. Molesworth said they were magnificent. ‘They have showers, and there’s
always a little man who brings you what you need. At mealtime they telegraph ahead to the next station for
hampers. Oh, you’ll like it.’
30 Duffill put his head out the door and said, ‘I think I’ll go to bed now.‘
‘He‘s your chap, is he?’ said Molesworth. He surveyed the car. ‘This train isn’t what it was. Pity. It used to
be one of the best, a train de luxe – royalty took it. Now, I’m not sure about this, but I don’t think we have a
dining car, which is going to be a terrible bore if it’s true. Have you got a hamper?’
I said I hadn’t, though I had been advised to bring one.
35 ‘That was good advice,‘ Molesworth said. ‘I don’t have a hamper myself, but then I don’t eat much. I like the
thought of food, but I much prefer drinking. How do you like your Chablis? Will you have more?’ He inserted his
eyeglass and found the bottle and, pouring, said, ‘These French wines take an awful lot of beating.’
Adapted from THEROUX, Paul. The Great Railway Bazaar. Penguin, General UK, 2008, p. 14, 16, and 17.

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 Unit 8

AFTER READING
1. Check ( ) the statement that best summarizes the excerpt you have just read. Understanding main ideas

a. ( ) The writer is recounting the beginning of his friend’s journey on a modern streetcar in Istanbul.
b. ( ) The narrator is detailing the start of his travel on the Direct-Orient Express to Istanbul.
c. ( ) Duffill is telling the story about his trip from London to Istanbul on the Direct-Orient Express.

2. Whose voices are those in the text? Recognizing the voices in a text

3. Decide if the sentences are true (T) or false (F). Understanding details

a. ( ) In Molesworth’s opinion, the Orient Express is better off these days than it was in the past.
b. ( ) Duffill wasn’t carrying any luggage.
c. ( ) The Orient Express taken by the narrator ran between Paris and Istanbul.
d. ( ) The narrator brought a hamper along because a friend had advised him to do so.
e. ( ) Although he was not an actor, Molesworth’s elegant style made him look like one.

EXPAND YOUR VOCABULARY

1. Match the words in bold with their meanings.
a. “He assembled his parcels and, grunting, produced a suitcase, [...]”
b. “He inserted his eyeglass and found the bottle and, pouring, said, [...]”
c. “After several minutes the rest of the passengers went into their compartments [...]”
d. “Duffill had gathered up his parcels and his strapped suitcase and moved down the platform.”
e. “But it has also been hallowed by fiction: [...]”
f. “It’s a smallish firm, but we do all right.”
( ) separate areas into which a plane, ship, or train is divided
( ) objects that have been wrapped in paper or put in a special envelope
( ) respected or greatly admired
( ) an adjective to describe something fairly small
( ) making a liquid or other substance flow out of or into a container by holding it at an angle
( ) the raised place beside a railway track where you get on and off a train in a station
Adapted from www.ldoceonline.com. Accessed on June 20, 2018.

2. What are the most common means of transportation for long distances? What means of transportation do you use on long-
distance trips? How can you compare ship to air travel in terms of speed, comfort, and luggage capacity? Exchange ideas
with a classmate.

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 VOCABULARY IN USE
1. In the extract “He assembled his parcels and, grunting, produced a suitcase, bound with a selection of leather and canvas
belts as an added guarantee against it bursting open.”, which words refer to travel packing or bag types?

2. Below you will find other travel packing or bag types. Work in pairs to match them with their corresponding pictures.
a. suitcase b. duffel bag c. backpack d. toiletry bag
e. messenger bag f. laptop case g. rolling suitcase h. garment bag

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

3. Insert the words from the box in the correct mind map. Then come up with one more item to fit each category.

couch cruise customs deck dining car driver gate harbor highway
jet lag lifeboat rail pass steering wheel tolls turbulence wagon

TRAVELING BY TRAIN TRAVELING BY PLANE

TRAVELING BY CAR TRAVELING BY BOAT

4. Work with a partner. Describe your ideal type of travel using some words from the previous activities.

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 LANGUAGE IN USE 1 Unit 8

USED TO
1. The excerpt below was extracted from the text on page 72. Read it, pay special attention to the part in bold, and check ( )
the correct statement about it.

This train isn’t what it was. Pity. It used to be

one of the best, a train de luxe – royalty took it.

( ) It refers to a regular past state or habit that is finished now.

( ) It refers to a regular past state or habit that is still happening now.

2. Read the text below and answer the questions accordingly. c. According to the report of travel behavior in England, are
they traveling more often these days?

How have our travel habits changed

d. How far did they use to travel 50 years ago?
over the past 50 years?
October 21, 2015 9:58 A.M. EDT
We tend to assume that travel today is fundamentally
3. Now reread the extract in activity 1 and the questions
different from what it was half a century ago. We have
and answers in activity 2 to complete the sentences about
easier access to faster forms of transport, and we
used to.
expect to be able to move quickly and easily whenever
we wish. But a recent overview of travel behavior a. We use followed by the main verb in its
in England—celebrating 50 years of data from the base form to describe regular past habits or states that
National Travel Survey (NTS)—shows that while some do not happen or are not true anymore.
things have certainly changed, much remains the same. b. In interrogative sentences, we use the structure
According to the authors of the report, the most + subject + + the main
striking change to our travel habits is that “we are verb in its base form. In short answers, either did or
traveling further but not more oŠen”. In other words, didn’t is used.
though the individual trips we take are longer in
c. In sentences, we use the structure
terms of distance, the number of times we travel has
remained much the same over the past 50 years. use to + the main verb in its base form.
What’s more, there has been little change in the total
time spent traveling, due to faster travel speeds. And 4. Answer the questions with used to or didn’t use to.
the purposes of our trips have changed only slightly: a. Do you think air travel used to be more pleasant in the
the biggest change has been an increase in the past? Why (not)?
number of journeys we take to escort others.
[…]
Adapted from www.theconversation.com/how-have-our-travel-habits-changed-over-
the-past-50-years-49029. Accessed on June 10, 2018. b. In your opinion, how did travelers use to plan their trips
in the past? How do they plan their trips nowadays?

a. Do we have easy access to faster forms of transport

nowadays?
c. What did you use to do before and while traveling in the
past that you don’t do anymore?
b. Did we use to have such an easy access to those quicker
means of travel 50 years ago?

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 EXPAND YOUR READING
1. Read part of an article on packing and complete the infographic.

How To Travel Anywhere With

Nothing But A Carry-On Bag
Deborah L. Jacobs — Forbes Staff

Whether you are packing for a business trip or going on boots, I wear them on trains and planes, and carry a pair
vacation, it pays to travel light. of ballet slippers in my purse to change into once I’m
The trade-off is that you must live with less, which on board. The only footwear that goes in my suitcase
involves what may seem like some tough choices about is a pair of sneakers or comfortable walking shoes,
what stays and what goes. No matter how long you are and a set of flip flops that I use as bedroom slippers,
away for, pack just one week’s worth of clothing. Here’s to pad around hotels, and when going to the beach or
how to think–and pack–like a minimalist. swimming pool.

1. Put things in perspective. 4. Be a minimalist with toiletries.

To pack light, you must be willing to live with less. If Pare your list down to what you absolutely need.
that makes you uncomfortable, remember it’s only
5. Layer to change your look.
temporary; consider it a vacation from your possessions.
This approach gives you more outfits and the flexibility
2. Choose a capacious carry-on.
to adjust for weather changes–for example if your trip
Whatever bag you choose sets the limit on how much you takes you to various climate zones, or you run into a
can take: if it doesn’t fit, it doesn’t go. On the other hand, heat wave or cold snap. For example, one long-sleeve
don’t feel you must fill every available crevice. You will button-down shirt, two camisoles, two tank tops and a
welcome the extra space for those must-have souvenirs. cardigan can be combined in multiple ways.

3. Bring ample footwear.

Adapted from www.forbes.com/sites/deborahljacobs/2013/07/29/how-to-
Figure out what’s appropriate for the activities you have travel-anywhere-with-nothing-but-a-carry-on-bag/.
Accessed on August 8, 2018.
planned. When I need to bring hiking boots or winter

Here’s how to think — and pack — like a minimalist.

#1 #2 #3 #4 #5

Put things in Choose a Bring ample Be a minimalist Layer to change

perspective. capacious footwear. with toiletries. you look.
carry-on.
Live with a pair of what you 1 shirt
If it doesn’t fit, sneakers absolutely 2
it and a set of 2 tank tops
1
combined in
multiple ways

2. Underline the option that best completes the description.

Infographics...
a. are sets of drawings containing commentaries expressing the author’s opinion about a topic often associated with politics
or social issues.
b. are visual representations of information in the forms of images and texts intended to provide readers with an easier
comprehension of often complex subjects.

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 LANGUAGE IN USE 2 Unit 8

MODAL VERB – MUST

1. Check ( ) the sentence that has a similar meaning to this extract from the infographic on page 76.

[...] you must live with less.

( ) It’s possible to live with less.

( ) It’s necessary to live with less.
( ) It’s correct to live with less.

2. Match the modal verbs in bold in the sentences below to the ideas they convey.
a. Drivers and car passengers must wear a seatbelt. ( ) prohibition
b. So you’re a travel agent? That must be very interesting! ( ) obligation
c. One must not use a handheld cell phone while driving. ( ) deduction

3. Read the text and use must or mustn’t and the verbs from the box to fill in the blanks.

be bring obey travel

TRAVEL TIPS
Things you with if you are leaving on a flight
Africa is an amazing place to be and exotic for those who Countries have different rules about receiving money in
want to spend their vacation here. However, it can be a their airports.
nightmare for foreigners who end up on the wrong side […]
of the law. Before you make your way to Africa, make sure Live Animals
that you have understood the local laws and abide by No matter how much you love your kids, they will
these rules and regulations. always grow and become independent. However, if you
African airports may not be as digitally advanced as love your pets and you want to travel with them, you
airports in more developed countries. You may think that sure the airport you are going
these airports are not strict or governed by rules you to use does not have a restriction.
. However, you are expected Fresh Food
to be on your best behavior and never find yourself in the You are not allowed to travel in or out with fresh products
line of fire of lawyers or the local police by running the like fruits, vegetables, and eggs.
risk of getting yourself arrested. These are some of the Precious Metals
things you to the airport. Customs officers demand that you present to them for
Excessive Money assessment any precious metals that you have bought.
You may be a business person, but it is expected that They would be the ones to talk to concerning the rules
you handle your business transactions online. Money about those precious metals that may be imported and
laundering is a serious crime. There is a limit on the those that may be taken out.
amount of money you are expected to carry with you. […]
Adapted from www.momoafrica.com/things-you-mustnt-travel-with-if-you-are-leaving-with-a-flight. Accessed on June 10, 2018.

4. Based on the discussions throughout this unit, write a new tip for packing wisely.
In order to pack wisely, you must

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 LISTENING COMPREHENSION
1. Look at the book covers below. What do all these books More than three decades later, Theroux retraced his steps
have in common? as much as he could. There are new train routes, different
landscapes, new borders, and different political realities,
and he chronicles that trip in his new book, “Ghost
Ghost Train to to the Eastern Star.” If you’d like to
Travels with Charley The Road to Oxiana talk with Paul Theroux about his ,
the Eastern Star
about what’s changed, and what hasn’t, along the way, our
phone number is 800-989-8255. The email address is
[email protected], and you can join the conversation on our
blog. That’s at npr.org/blogofthenation. While you’re there,
you can go to our blog and read an excerpt from “Ghost
Train to the Eastern Star.” That’s at npr.org/blogofthenation.
[…]
Extracted from www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=93702596.
Accessed on June 10, 2018.

2. You are going to listen to part of the radio program Talk of 3. Listen to another part of the program, read the sentences
the Nation, in which the American journalist Neal Conan below, and circle the correct alternatives to complete them.
10 talks to and about Paul Theroux. Listen to the first part 11
and complete the transcript with the missing information. a. At the beginning of Theroux’s Ghost Train to the Eastern
Star, he describes traveling as one of the cheapest /
This is Talk of the Nation. I’m Neal Conan in Washington. In easiest ways of passing time.
1973, Paul Theroux said goodbye to his wife and children
in London and set off on a that b. Conan tells Theroux that many of their listeners will
remember him as a marvelous travel agent / traveling
would make his career and change his life. Theroux was
companion 35 years ago.
a novelist then, out of ideas, and he hoped that a trip
across Europe and Asia and back would inspire a new c. In Theroux’s opinion, travelers must / must not be
book. Theroux boarded the Golden Arrow, took the ferry to optimistic and in a fairly good mood.
France, transferred to the , and rode
4. Listen to the last part of the talk, in which Mr. Theroux
the east to Iran and Afghanistan,
explains why he thinks luxury is the enemy of observation
India, Burma, Vietnam, China, and Japan, then home again 12 in travels. Then work with a partner to answer the
through the length of the Soviet Union. It took him four and questions: Do you agree that someone can travel around
a half months, and he then wrote a now classic book, “The quite cheaply if he / she gives up opulence? In your
Great Railway Bazaar,” which many credit as the start of a opinion, what really matters when it comes to traveling?
new kind of travel . Report your opinions to the class.

EXPAND YOUR HORIZONS

Check ( ) the column that best describes your opinion about each statement. Then discuss your answers with your
classmates and teacher, justifying your point of view.

I agree. I’m not sure. I disagree.

a. Packing wisely equals traveling happily, saving more time,

money, and annoyance.

b. Air travels in economy cabins will only get worse because

airlines will keep opting to cram more and more travelers
into a plane.

c. One will never be the same again after going on a journey,

be it a luxurious or a modest one.

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 REVIEW 4 Unit 7 and 8

1. Read the dictionary entry and the title of the text below. What do you think the text is about? Exchange ideas with
a classmate. Predicting the theme peak
1 [usually singular] the time when something or someone is best, greatest,
highest, most successful, etc.
Adapted from www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/peak. Accessed on July 18, 2018.

www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/feb/27/reached-peak-english-britain-china

News | Opinion | Sport | Culture | Lifestyle

Have we reached peak English in the world?

Nicholas Ostler
In China last month, Theresa May attended the launch of the British Council’s English is Great campaign, intended to
boost interest and fluency in our national language. This might sound like Donald Trump’s notorious “Make America
great again”, but comes in fact from a stronger position. Beyond doubt, the use of English is greater than ever, and
far more widespread than any other language in the world. All non-English-speaking powers of our globalized world
5 recognize it as the first foreign language to learn; it is also, uniquely, in practical use worldwide. The British Council

reckons that English is spoken at a useful level by some 1.75 billion people, a quarter of the world’s population. It is
taught from primary level up in all China’s schools; it is the working language of the whole European Union.
[…]
This global acceptance of English, now far beyond the zones of influence of the British Empire or the United States’
backyard, has effectively grown up in just a century – neatly, and a little paradoxically, since the 1919 treaty of
10 Versailles. In deference to that of the U.S., this was the first international treaty written in English; but it also turned out
to mark the incipient decline of the world’s greatest English-speaking institution, the British Empire. From a language
point of view, however, British power had the good fortune to be succeeded by its cousin in North America, so that the
usual historic lag, as political command leads on to linguistic imitation, was disguised. Even as Britain began to decline
economically, its established position was reflected by increased take-up of English as the language to learn.
15 But all this while, especially from the 1920s to the 1990s, the focus of U.S. expansion was changing, moving from
North America to the world, leading to influence on trade, engineering, telecommunications, mining, media,
science, and finance, as the dollar moved to replace sterling as the world’s reserve currency. This was followed by
the digital information revolution, creating new fortunes based in Silicon Valley at the turn of the 21st century.
These were all positive for the world role of English (a role founded by Great Britain), but should have been
20 expected to peak later, in the growth of soŠ power and the increased popularity of American culture.
It is this lagged growth of English, reflecting U.S. influence hitherto, that we are now experiencing. Yet it is
happening in a 21st century when other nations, particularly in Asia but also in South America and Africa, are
far outpacing the USA (let alone Britain and the European Union) in economic growth rates. This is an amazing
juncture in world history. And two questions arise. Is the position of English a real asset to the states that speak it
natively? And is the language likely to hold this position in the pecking order indefinitely?
[…]
Adapted from www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/feb/27/reached-peak-english-britain-china. Accessed on June 29, 2018.

2. Check ( ) the statements that are not true according to the text. Understanding details

a. ( ) When circumstances change, dominant languages fall.

b. ( ) Some nations still resist and choose not to accept English as the language to be learned.
c. ( ) The influence of English has risen immensely in just 100 years.
d. ( ) Britain’s current economic power is the cause of success of English as the global language.
e. ( ) The economies of countries in South America, Africa, and Asia are growing more than that of the U.S.

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 3. Read the sentences below, extracted from the text on the previous page, and circle the possessive ‘s (or genitive case).
a. “[...] Theresa May attended the launch of the British Council’s English is Great campaign, [...]”
b. “[...] This might sound like Donald Trump’s notorious “Make America great again”, [...]”
c. “[...] It is taught from primary level up in all China’s schools; it is the working language of the whole European Union. [...]”
d. “[...] This global acceptance of English, now far beyond the zones of influence of the British Empire or the United States’
backyard. [...]”

4. Complete the following sentences with the correct possessive pronouns.

a. I need to fix my suitcase and you need to fix , too.
b. She has already arrived at her final destination. He has arrived at , too.
c. Our zipper tab is broken. Ann and Jeff told me is broken, too.
d. No, this is their baggage. Is this , honey?

5. Read the comic strips. Then complete them with the correct form of used to followed by the main verbs come or be.

Cathy July 13, 1998 ID: 362244

Stuart Carlson April 07, 2008 ID: 573070

6. Rewrite the following sentences with must.

a. You have to have duct tape when you travel in case you need to fix your suitcase.

b. It is very likely that one of the passengers will have duct tape.

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 GRAMMAR OVERVIEW
Verb tenses

Example(s) Example(s) Example(s)

Tense Use(s)
affirmative negative interrogative

• Habits;
• Routines; I do not / don’t go to
I go to school in the When do you go to
school in the afternoon.
• Timeless events; morning. school?
Simple Our class does not /
• Narratives; Our class always starts Does your class always
present doesn’t usually start at 7.
• Scheduled events; at 8. start at 8?
She is not / isn’t very
• With frequency adverbs (e.g. always, never); I am very happy today. Is he always happy?
happy today.
• With stative verbs.
They are not / aren’t
playing video games Are they playing
They are playing
Present • Actions in progress in the present; now. sports now?
basketball now.
continuous • With action verbs. Daisy is not / isn’t Is Daisy making lunch
Daisy is making lunch.
making a lot of food for for us?
lunch.
Do not / Don’t close
Imperative • Ask for favors (informal); Open the window Close the window, will
the window (please).
form • Give commands. (please). you?
It’s hot.

• Completed actions in the past; I studied in the morning. Doug did not / didn’t Did you study for
• Sequence of events in the past; Then I went to the park. study with us. your test?
Simple past
• With past time expressions (e.g., yesterday, He had lunch at home He did not / didn’t have Where did they have
last month). yesterday. pizza for lunch. lunch?

Pronouns

Pronouns Form Use Example(s)

Before the main verb to replace the I am thankful for your help.
Subject pronouns I / you / he / she / it / we / they
subject She didn’t work much last week.

After the main verb to replace the I can’t help him. I’m sorry.
Object pronouns me / you / him / her / it / us / them
object Can I go to the party with them?
my / your / his / her / its / our / This is my car. Do you want a ride?
Possessive adjectives Before nouns to refer to possession
their When is your birthday?
This is my jacket. Hers is red, not
mine / yours / his / hers / its / blue.
Possessive pronouns Before verbs; At the end of a clause.
ours / theirs Your house is much bigger than
mine.

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 GRAMMAR OVERVIEW
Modal verbs

Example(s) Example(s) Example(s)

Modal verb Use(s)
affirmative negative interrogative

• Ability;
• Permission;
I cannot / can’t swim well. Can he run fast, too?
• Possibility; I can run very fast.
Can You cannot / can’t drive Can I use the restroom?
• Requests; Of course she can come to visit us!
without a license. Can I help you?
• Offers;
• Prohibition (can’t).

• Ability in the past;

• Formal requests; She could not / couldn’t dance Could you tell me the way to
Could We could go to the movies.
• Suggestions; before, but now she is a pro! the airport?
• Possibility.

You should not / shouldn’t eat

You should take an aspirin for your
• Advice; too much. Should I call her?
headache.
Should • Suggestions; He should not / shouldn’t What should we all do to
People should be respectful toward
• Ideal situations. spend so much money on take care of nature?
nature.
clothes.

• Obligation;
• Prohibition; We must carry an ID at all times.
Do I have to go? I don’t
Must • Deduction You must be very tired after all that You must not drink and drive!
want to.
(affirmative only); exercise!
• Laws and rules.

Did John use to be a good

• A state in the past;
They used to see each other every We didn’t use to be friends, but student?
Used to • Habit or regular
day. Now they never meet up now we get along. How many hours did you use
activity in the past.
to spend in front of the TV?

Plural of nouns

Case Plural form Example(s)

Plural with s Add s to the noun. houses, cats, newspapers

Plural with es Add es to nouns ending in s / sh / ch / x. buses, dishes, matches, boxes

Plural with ies Remove y and add ies to nouns ending in consonant + y. babies, cities

child – children
person – people
Use a different word to refer to plural;
Irregular plurals man – men
Some words finishing in s have the same word for plural.
news – news
gymnastics – gymnastics

musicians – band
Collective nouns Use to refer to a group of a given noun. people – crowd
students – class

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 ’s for possession (genitive case)

Case Form and use Example(s)

Add ’s to singular nouns to refer to possession; This is Lisa’s book.

’s
Add ’s to irregular plurals to refer to possession; The children’s room is a mess!
The students’ grades are bad. They all need to review the
Add only ’ to regular plurals;
’ content.
Add only ’ to names ending in s.
I love James’ new house! It’s small and cozy.
The roof of the house is brown.
Use the preposition of when the possession refers to
of The battery of the telephones last for a very short time
inanimate beings (not people or animals).
nowadays.

Prefixes

Prefix Meaning Example(s)

auto- self autobiography

inter- between interplanetary
mid- middle midday
out- go beyond outperform
over- too much overweight
post- after post-graduation
pre- before preview
under- less underachieve

Suffixes

Suffix Forms a(n) Example(s)

-able adjective available

-ive adjective informative
-al adjective / noun classical / survival
-ful adjective helpful
-ish adjective childish
-less adjective useless
-ous adjective generous
-y adjective snowy
-ance noun appearance
-ation / -tion noun application
-sion noun illusion
-ure noun procedure
-ment noun argument
-age noun heritage

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 GRAMMAR OVERVIEW
Comparative and superlative forms

Structure Form Example(s)

Comparative of
My sister is taller than me.
superiority: one or Add –er to the adjective (+ than)
Math equations were easier in the past (than they are now).
two-syllable adjectives
Comparative of
I eat more vegetables now than when I was a child.
superiority:
He walks more slowly than his mom.
nouns, adverbs ending Add more before the adjective / noun (+ than)
That leaflet is more informative than the one they had last
in –ly, and three- or
year.
four-syllable adjectives
good – better I find this movie way better than the one we watched last
Comparative of night.
bad – worse
superiority: irregular
far – farther / further We can go to that store, but it’s farther than the one we
adjectives
little – less usually go to.
The more I try, the easier it gets.
Double comparatives The (comparative)... the (comparative)
The more, the better!
Superlative of superiority:
Add the or possessive adjective before the It is the largest pizza I have ever eaten!
one or two-syllable
adjective and –est to the adjective That was my fastest trip! It took only five minutes.
adjectives
Superlative of superiority:
Wow! This is the most comfortable armchair I have sat on!
three- or four-syllable Add the most before the adjective
They have the most delicious food in the city.
adjectives

Word categories

Category Form / Examples in words Meaning Examples in a sentence

Did you hear the last news? George

Slang and informal 1. To end a relationship with someone.
1. Dump dumped Amy!
terms about 2. Someone you have romantic feelings for,
2. Have a crush on OK, I’ll tell you the truth. I have a crush
relationships but not are not in a relationship with.
on your brother.
What’s this new software? It’s all
1. Used to say that you cannot
1. It’s all Greek to me. Greek to me!
Idioms understand something.
2. Loaded language Don’t come to me with this loaded
2. Persuasive language
language. I know your true intentions.
The meaning of phrasal verbs can
I need to go the gym and work out.
Verb + one or two sometimes be literal, but it can also be
Phrasal verbs The hotel manager said that we can
prepositions / adverbs very different from the meaning of the two
check in an hour earlier.
or three words read separately.

Adjectives – word order

Physical
Opinion Size Age Shape Color Origin Material Type Purpose
quality
beautiful small unmarked old square blue Italian paper bilingual dictionary
It’s a lovely old wooden house.
I have two square blue vintage tables.

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 LANGUAGE REFERENCE
UNIT 1 NOT Globalization doesn’t increases borders
between nations.
SIMPLE PRESENT
Usage Notes
IMPERATIVE
Usage Notes
The simple present is oŠen used to refer to:
• When we make requests it’s more polite to use a
• present facts or timeless events;
modal verb instead of the imperative.
Why does migration occur?
“Could you open the window?” is more polite
Migration occurs because of economic, political, than “Open the window, please.”
social, religious, and other different reasons.
• To make imperatives sound less direct we can
• habits, routines, and repeated actions use please, for example.
in the present.
In some schools, English classes don’t take “Stop talking, please.” is less direct than
place in regular classrooms. Students attend “Stop talking.”
classes in language labs. • To add emphasis and be more direct, we may use
Forms subjects in imperatives.
Everybody look at the board!
• Affirmative sentences use the verb in its base form
unless the subject is the third person singular Don’t you pretend not to know me!
(he, she, it); in this case, -s or -es is added. We were classmates last year.
A healthy life includes more than having a ADJECTIVE SUFFIXES
balanced diet and exercising. It means balance!
Suffixes are letters added to the end of a word to form
• Verbs in the third person singular (he, she, it)
new words. Below is a list of suffixes that change verbs and
follow these spelling rules:
nouns into adjectives.
– if the verb ends in -ss, -x, -ch, -sh, -o add -es;
kiss – kisses Verb + Suffix Examples

fix – fixes rely + -able reliable

watch – watches create + -ive creative
– if the verb ends with a consonant + y, remove
Noun + Suffix Examples
the -y and add -ies.
misery + -able miserable
study – studies
hurry – hurries music + -al musical
• Negative sentences use an auxiliary verb followed pain + -ful painful
by the main verb in its base form. When the
hero + -ic heroic
subject is I, you, we, or they, do not (don’t) is
used. self + -ish selfish
When the subject is he, she, or it, does not
effect + -ive effective
(doesn’t) is used.
Globalization doesn’t increase borders between end + -less endless
nations. On the contrary, nations don’t seem so fame + -ous famous
distant these days, thanks to the Internet.
wind + -y windy
• Note that when the subject is he, she, it, the main
verb is used in its base form: Usage Notes
Globalization doesn’t increase borders • Adjectives ending in -ical and -ic often have
between nations. different meanings, for example:
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 LANGUAGE REFERENCE
• classic means typical, admired, very good, • Adverbs of definite frequency such as last month,
while classical means traditional; every day, and once a week, often take the end
• economic means relating to trade, industry, position; they are not placed after the verb be
and the management of money, while and before regular verbs as indefinite frequency
economical means using money, time, goods, adverbs such as always, never, and usually.
etc., carefully and without wasting any; I have English classes twice a week.
• historic can mean very important, while I sometimes visit my relatives in the country.
historical means related to the past. Britney’s parents pick her up at school every day.
Cooks often refer to themselves as chefs.
UNIT 2 Lennon was the best student in class last year.
SIMPLE PRESENT I am never late for class.
Usage Notes IDIOMS ABOUT HEALTH
Besides the common usages listed on page 85, the simple
Idioms are a group of words that has a special meaning
present may also be used:
that is different from the ordinary meaning of
• in narratives or descriptions of past events. each separate word.
Next thing I know, I slip on a banana peel and
fall to the ground. Then I look around, pretend Idiom Meaning Example
nothing bothers me, get up, and head to the He’s lost too much
restroom. weight because of
someone who is
• to talk about scheduled events. a bag of bones his illness.
much too thin
He’s a bag of bones
The field trip bus leaves at 7 A.M. next Tuesday.
these days.
Form
a report that says
• Interrogative sentences use an auxiliary verb before Inspectors gave our
you are healthy or
the subject and the main verb in its base form. When a clean bill of health school a clean bill
that a machine or
the subject is I, you, we, or they, do is used. When of health.
building is safe
the subject is he, she, or it, does is used. Uncle Jerry was so
Do you have any questions? to die – used appalled by what he
kick the bucket
Does the teacher need our help with the humorously saw that he almost
classroom organization? kicked the bucket.

• However, in information questions, when the unharmed, The missing teens

subject is the answer to the question, the main safe and sound especially after are back home safe
being in danger and sound.
verb in the simple present form is used.
Who lives with you? Men and women go
having a medical
under the knife under the knife to
What makes your life happier? operation
enhance their looks.
• Note that when the subject is he, she, it, the main
Based on from www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary. Accessed on August 20, 2018.
verb is used in its base form.
Does the teacher need our help with the PHRASAL VERBS ABOUT HEALTH
classroom organization? Phrasal verbs are “a group of words that is used like a verb
NOT Does the teacher needs our help with the and consists of a verb with an adverb or preposition aŠer it
classroom organization? […]”

FREQUENCY ADVERBS Phrasal Verb Meaning Example

Usage Notes I’ve been sneezing all
Frequency adverbs describe when or how oŠen something come down morning. I think I’m
to get an illness
is done. There are two types of frequency adverbs: definite with coming down with
the flu.
frequency and indefinite frequency adverbs.

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 Phrasal Verb Meaning Example
• depend
to become well again Dad can’t seem to get Our decision about the trip depends on the
get over weather.
after an illness over his cold.
Sadly, Peter’s uncle • fit
pass away to die
passed away. Your plans don’t fit the family schedule.
to bring food or
• involve
drink up from Just the thought of
throw up your stomach out coffee makes me feel Being healthy involves real hard work.
through your mouth like throwing up. • lack
because you are ill
to make your body
The teacher said my writing lacks cohesion.
Bodybuilders work out
work out fit and strong by • matter
for several hours a day.
doing exercises
Does it really matter what he thinks about you?
Based on www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary. Accessed on August 20, 2018.
Some verbs describe both a state and an action and are
UNIT 3 used in the simple present or in the present continuous,
respectively.
PRESENT CONTINUOUS AND SIMPLE
• feel
PRESENT: STATIVE VS. ACTION VERBS I don’t feel I should try to call him again.
Usage Notes I’m feeling terrible right now
A few verbs are rarely used in the present continuous form • see
because they describe states or situations that are not
I see your point.
expected to change. They are called stative verbs as they
do not describe actions. Stative verbs may indicate: They’re seeing a marriage counselor.
• think
• feelings and emotions (dislike, like, love, need,
appreciate, want, hate, wish, etc.); He thinks they are better than us.
I dislike math but I love English. He’s thinking about moving abroad.
• senses (smell, hear, see, taste, seem, etc.); • appear
I’m afraid that cake doesn’t smell good. Your prediction appears to be true.
• possessions (have, belong, possess, own, etc.); That famous actress is appearing in a new
commercial.
This house belongs to my grandma.
• look
• opinions, knowledge, or beliefs (mean, believe, This looks amazing!
doubt, imagine, think, guess, know, understand, etc.).
We’re looking at the stars and making wishes.
I don’t believe that the manager is right this time.
• taste
Other common stative verbs are:
Her food tastes delicious!
• be The chefs are tasting the contestants’ dishes.
They’re physicians.
• concern FALSE FRIENDS
That issue concerns all 9th grade students. Examples Meaning
• consist agenda a list of the subjects to be discussed at a meeting
The test consists of 5 open-ended questions. attend to go to an event such as a meeting or a class
• cost a large school where you can study after high school
college
and get a degree
Those fancy shirts cost a fortune!
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 LANGUAGE REFERENCE
Examples Meaning MODAL VERBS
a set of clothes worn by an actor or by someone to Modal verbs are auxiliary verbs used to add to or change
costume make them look like something or someone else,
meanings of main verbs. Can, should, must, may, and could
such as an animal, famous person, etc.
are examples of modal verbs. Modal verbs are different
curse swear
from regular verbs because:
eventually after a long time, or after a lot of things have happened
• they are followed by an infinitive without “to”
intend to have something in your mind as a plan or purpose
(except for ought to);
an old well-known story, often about brave people,
legend • they don’t take -s in the third person singular;
adventures, or magical events
particular certain, specific • they are used like auxiliaries for questions and
negatives.
to say what medicine or treatment a sick person
prescribe
should have
MODAL VERB - CAN
retired having stopped working, usually because of your age
Usage Notes
to move your body so that you are looking in a
turn
different direction We use can or cannot (can’t) for:
Based on www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary. Accessed on August 20, 2018. • permission;
UNIT 4 Can I talk to you for a second?
• prohibition;
SIMPLE PAST Students can’t use dictionaries during tests.
Usage Notes • ability;
The simple past is used to refer to: Harry can speak four languages fluently.
• completed actions in the past; • general truths;
Where did the family reunion take place? Leading a healthy life can be difficult, but the
We met at Britany’s. hard work will pay off in the future.
They didn’t remember to call us. • possibility;
• a series of completed actions in the past; Larry can help you with the interview because he
I woke up at 6, took a shower, had breakfast, and has worked in PR.
then left for work. • guessing and predicting;
• an action that started and finished in the past; This awful test can’t be mine! I’m sure I did
We spoke for half an hour. a good job.
They didn’t live in Rome for very long. • requests;
Pronunciation of -ed endings Can I see your passport, please?
For regular verbs, -ed endings are pronounced: • offers;
Can I help you carry those bags?
• /d/ after all vowel sounds and after voiced
consonants (except /d/) • reproaches.
/m/ /n/ /ŋ/ /l/ /g/ /dʒ/ /z/ /b/ /v/; Can’t you stop making that noise? I’m trying to
enjoyed, tried, smiled, lived concentrate here!
• /t/ after all voiceless consonants (except /t/) We also use can with verbs of perception such as see, hear,
/k/ /p/ /f/ /s/ /ʃ/ /tʃ/; taste, smell, and other verbs such as imagine, guess, and
shopped, laughed, crossed, wished follow when they mean understand.
• /ɪd/ after /d/ and /t/. I can guess why you look so upset.
needed, decided, hated, started I can hear you.
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 MODAL VERB - SHOULD UNIT 5
Usage Notes PLURAL NOUNS
Some common uses of should are:
Usage Notes
• for advice or suggestions;
• Some nouns keep the same forms for singular or
You should cut down on sugar if you have plural forms. Seeing them in context is the key to
diabetes. identifying them as singular or plural.
• to talk about what is ideal or desirable;
fish, sheep, series, species, deer, etc.
There should be a dedicated entrance for the
elderly in this stadium. • Some nouns only have a plural form.
• to talk about what is likely to happen; clothes, contents, dislikes, glasses, pants, jeans,
pajamas, scissors, shorts, stairs, likes, etc.
Let’s start our discussions. The other students
should be here soon. • Some nouns are used only in the singular form,
although they end in -s.
• for possibilities in hypothetical conditional
sentences; classics, economics, physics, gymnastics,
Should you want to contact me, there’s a private aerobics, measles, news, etc.
number you can call. • Collective nouns name groups of people and
• to express gratitude. may take a singular verb if they are considered a
single unit or a plural verb if they are considered
A: Lisa, I bought you a handmade scarf. a collection of individuals. Some common
B: Oh, you shouldn’t have! collective nouns are:
army, audience, committee, company, crew,
SLANG OR INFORMAL TERMS ABOUT family, government, jury, etc.
RELATIONSHIPS • Other collective nouns are:
Examples Meaning band musicians

someone who lies about board directors

themselves on the Internet choir singers
catfish in order to impress people,
class students
especially so that someone will
start a relationship with them crowd people
to end a relationship with gang thieves
dump
someone team players
someone you have a friendly
bouquet flowers
frenemy relationship with, but who is
really an enemy or competitor fleet ships

someone you have a feeling of forest trees

have a crush on romantic love for, but who you galaxy stars
do not know well
pack cards
to talk to someone in a way that
hit on somebody shows you are sexually attracted range mountains
to them army ants
pop the question to ask someone to marry you flock birds
the person who has the most flock sheep
top dog power in a group, especially
after a struggle hive bees
pack wolves
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 LANGUAGE REFERENCE
ADJECTIVES – WORD ORDER UNIT 6
Usage Notes
• When there is more than one adjective after a
COMPARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVES
linking verb such as be, the last two adjectives Usage Note
are usually connected by and. However, and is • Some adjectives do not have a comparative
less common when those adjectives come before or superlative form because they can’t show a
the noun they qualify. greater or lesser amount.
Linda is happy, young, and Greek. You’ll like her, These are called absolute adjectives. A few
for sure. examples are: adequate, complete, dead, fatal,
ideal, impossible, infinite, perfect, universal,
Linda has always been a happy, young, Greek girl. round, and unique.
• The connector and can be used when there are She is a unique woman and I admire her a lot.
two or more adjectives of the same type as well. NOT She is the most unique woman I have ever met.
That was a lovely and unusual dinner.
These games are perfect for learning.
Have you seen my yellow and green sneakers? NOT They are the most perfect games for learning.

PREFIXES DOUBLE COMPARATIVES

• Double comparatives are used to express
Some other common prefixes in English. increasing or decreasing degrees.
Prefix Meaning Example
The more I work, the more I want to work.
The less time I spend here, the more spare time
auto- self autoimmunity I’ll have.
inter- between international
The harder the task, the fiercer I become.
The more you explain, the more they learn.
mega- very big, important megapixel The older you get, the more experienced you get.
mid- middle midnight Usage Note
In spoken English, some double comparatives are usually
out- go beyond outbreak
shortened.
over- too much overdose The more the merrier.
post- after post-war
The sooner the better.

pre- before prehistoric

IRREGULAR COMPARATIVES
AND SUPERLATIVES
trans- across transformation
Regular form Comparative form Superlative form
under- less than, beneath underestimate
bad worse the worst
make or move
up- upstairs far (distance) farther the farthest
higher
far (extent) further the furthest

good better the best

less lesser the least

little less the least

many / much more the most

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 VERB TO NOUN SUFFIXES • with time expressions.
Yesterday’s episode was amazing.
Verb + suffix Examples
I’m sure we’ll meet in two weeks’ time!
arrive + -al arrival
• When the owner is a thing and not a person or an
accept + -ance acceptance animal, we often use the structure noun + of + noun.
declare + -ation / -tion declaration The leg of the table is broken.
confuse + -sion confusion • In this case, it is also possible to use the structure
noun + noun.
fail + -ure failure
The table leg is broken.
punish + -ment punishment
• When the owner is longer or when it’s a
marry + -age marriage
descriptive fragment, we don’t use ’s. We use of.
bless + -ing blessing The father of the student who failed the finals is
bake + -ery bakery waiting in the hall.

UNIT 7 POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS

Usage Note
'S FOR POSSESSION • Possessive pronouns are also used in the
Usage Notes construction a friend / neighbor / student / of mine,
‘s and ‘ can also be used in the following situations: of yours, etc. In this structure, the friend, neighbor,
• when it is not necessary to repeat a noun; or student is a little more general, distant, or non-
specific than when possessive adjectives are
She is not my sister. She is Anna’s.
used (my friend, my neighbor, my student).
• when we are referring to somebody’s home or
(Non-specific)
store;
A cousin of mine is coming to visit us on the
We’re spending the holidays at our grandma’s. weekend.
• with places; (Specific)
Rio’s levels of violence are increasing. My cousin is coming to visit us on the weekend.
IDIOMS ABOUT LANGUAGE
Idiom Meaning

astonishing situation where a person can’t find the right words to

beyond words
express his/her emotions

in plain English/language in clear and simple words, without using technical language

it goes without saying a thing that is so obvious that it is not necessary to mention

it’s all Greek to me used to say that you cannot understand something

loaded language persuasive language

if two people or groups speak the same language, they have similar
speak the same language
attitudes and opinions

talk a mile a minute talk very fast

talk is cheap used to say that you do not believe someone will do what they say

Based on www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary. Accessed on August 20, 2018.

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 LANGUAGE REFERENCE
UNIT 8 MODAL VERB - MUST
USED TO Usage Notes
We use must for:
Usage Notes
• deductions and conclusions;
• We use used to + infinitive to talk about a habit, a
regular activity, or state in the past. Harry is late. He must be stuck in traffic.
They used to live in the suburbs. • obligation and necessity;
(= They do not live in the suburbs anymore.) Policemen must wear a badge.
• Besides used to, would can also be used to talk • laws and rules.
about repeated past actions. But would isn’t used Voters must present their voter card and a
when we talk about past states. valid photo identification at the voting station.
I used to ride my bike to school on weekdays. • For invitations and encouragement, have to is
I would ride my bike to school on weekdays. more common than must.
I used to love field trips when I was in younger. You have to try this carrot cake. It’s pretty tasty!
NOT I would love field trips when I was in younger. • Must not and don’t have to have different meanings.
Must not means something is forbidden and don’t
have to means something is not necessary.
You must not speak Portuguese in this class.
You don’t have to speak English all the time.

PHRASAL VERBS ABOUT TRAVELING

Phrasal Verb Meaning Example

if you check in or are checked in at a hotel or airport, you report

We need to check in at least two hours
check in / check out that you have arrived; if you check out, you leave a hotel after
before the fight.
paying the bill

drop off take someone or something to a place by car and leave them there Dad dropped me off on his way to the office.

I’m really looking forward to getting away

get away take a vacation away from the place you normally live
this weekend.

pack up put things into cases, bags, etc. ready for a trip somewhere Is there anyone to help me pack up for the trip?

Claire has just left for the airport to see her

see off go to an airport, train station, etc. to say goodbye to someone
boyfriend off.

I’m setting out on a round-the-world tour

set out start a journey, especially a long journey
next year.

stop somewhere and stay a short time before continuing a We are stopping over in São Paulo on the
stop over
long journey way to Lima.

I always get a bit anxious when the plane

take off if an aircraft takes off, it rises into the air from the ground
takes off.

Based on www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary. Accessed on August 20, 2018.

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 READING STRATEGIES

Ao longo da coleção, estamos sinalizando algumas estratégias de Skimming – Consiste em observar o texto rapidamente
leitura voltadas à melhora na compreensão de textos. O principal para detectar o assunto geral ou o seu propósito geral
objetivo dessas estratégias é fazer com que você, aluno, torne-se (skimming to identify the main purpose), por exemplo.
um aprendiz mais eficaz e alcance resultados positivos nos exames Nesse momento, não há nenhuma preocupação em se
e vestibulares a serem realizados ao final do Ensino Médio. atentar aos detalhes. É importante que você observe o
layout do texto, seu título e sub-títulos, cognatos, primeiras
A seguir você encontrará uma breve explicação sobre as
estratégias mais comumente abordadas antes e durante a e últimas linhas de cada parágrafo, bem como as imagens,
leitura dos textos. gráficos e tabelas que o acompanham.

Activating previous knowledge – Esta estratégia consiste Scanning - é uma técnica de leitura que consiste em correr
em acionar, quando preciso, o conhecimento que você rapidamente os olhos pelo texto até localizar a informação
tem guardado em sua mente. Quando falamos em específica desejada. O scanning é prática rotineira na
conhecimento prévio na leitura, estamos nos referindo às vida das pessoas. Alguns exemplos típicos pode. Alguns
informações que você precisa ter para ler um texto sem exemplos típicos são o uso do dicionário para obter
muita dificuldade para compreendê-lo. informação sobre o significado de palavras ou a utilização
do índice de um livro para encontrar um artigo ou capítulo
Brainstorming – O termo foi criado a partir da junção das de interesse.
palavras brain (cérebro) e storm (tempestade), portanto,
significa “tempestade cerebral” ou “tempestade de ideias”. A Há, também, estratégias que são trabalhadas após a leitura dos
estratégia propõe que você e seus colegas de sala explorem textos. Observe:
sua capacidade criativa, na medida em que trocam ideias a Making inferences or inferring – A estratégia de inferência
respeito do assunto que será abordado no texto. tem como objetivo fazê-lo capturar aquilo que não está
Bridging – O termo vem da palavra bridge, que significa dito no texto de forma explícita. Essas adivinhações podem
“ponte”. A estratégia consiste, então, em “fazer uma ter como base as pistas dadas pelo próprio texto ou o
ponte”, isto é, em estabelecer uma relação entre o seu seu próprio conhecimento. Trata-se de uma estratégia de
conhecimento prévio sobre o assunto que será explorado leitura extremamente importante, pois um texto só terá
no texto e o texto propriamente. sentido se você puder estabelecer relações entre as partes,
ou seja, entre as palavras, frases, parágrafos etc.
Finding organizational patterns or understanding text
structure – A estrutura de um texto diz respeito à forma Selecting a good title – Muitas vezes o título de um texto
como as informações estão nele organizadas. Artigos, por resume sua ideia central. Para selecionar o título mais
exemplo, contam com uma introdução, um desenvolvimento apropriado para o texto que você acabou de ler, leia-o
e uma conclusão; as informações nas biografias são, em novamente e anote os pontos que mais chamaram sua
geral, organizadas em sequência cronológica; as receitas, atenção. O mesmo se aplica para quando você tiver que
na maioria das vezes, são divididas em duas partes – afirmar ou declarar a ideia ou o propósito principal do
ingredientes e modo de preparo. Assim, estar atento aos texto lido (stating the main idea or the main purpose of
padrões de organização de um texto ajuda-o a identificar the text).
seu gênero e, consequentemente, sua função social. Understanding details – Para entender os detalhes de
Predicting – A palavra predict significa “prever”. Ao lermos um texto é preciso fazer uma leitura lenta e concentrar-
o título de um texto ou observarmos as imagens que o se durante essa leitura, isto é, ficar longe de qualquer
acompanham, por exemplo, podemos prever ou deduzir seu coisa que possa distraí-lo. Recorrer a um dicionário para
conteúdo. Quanto mais conhecimento geral você tiver, mais consultar as palavras e expressões desconhecidas e
facilmente vai prever o assunto de um texto. Em algumas anotar seu significado, bem como fazer paráfrases durante
atividades, você é convidado especificamente a prever o tema a leitura, são algumas das ações que contribuem para
e o gênero do texto (predicting the theme and the genre). a compreensão detalhada do texto. Podem contribuir,
também, para as atividades que pedem que você resuma o
Recognizing or identifying – Reconhecer significa identificar
texto lido (summarizing).
algo que se conhece. Portanto, reconhecer ou identificar o
tipo textual (textual type), a voz, ou seja, quem está falando Understanding main ideas – Para realizar atividades que
no texto (voice in a text), a perspectiva do autor (the author’s têm esta estratégia sinalizada, não é necessário fazer
perspective), a fonte do texto (the source of the text), o uma leitura tão detalhada, nem mesmo procurar todas
público ao qual o texto se destina (the target audience), o as palavras desconhecidas em um dicionário. Basta fazer
propósito principal do texto (the main purpose), etc. ajuda-o uma leitura geral do texto com atenção e compreender sua
a antecipar o que está por vir no texto a ser lido. mensagem principal.

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 IRREGULAR VERBS
Base form Past form Past Participle Translation

awake awoke awoken acordar

be was, were been ser, estar
become became become tornar-se
begin began begun começar
bend bent bent dobrar
bet bet bet apostar
bite bit bitten morder
blow blew blown soprar
break broke broken quebrar
bring brought brought trazer
build built built construir
burn burnt/burned burnt/burned queimar
buy bought bought comprar
catch caught caught pegar
choose chose chosen escolher
come came come vir
cut cut cut cortar
do did done fazer
draw drew drawn desenhar
dream dreamed/dreamt dreamed/dreamt sonhar
drink drank drunk beber
drive drove driven dirigir
eat ate eaten comer
fall fell fallen cair
feed fed fed alimentar
feel felt felt sentir
fight fought fought lutar
find found found achar
fly flew flown voar
forget forgot forgotten esquecer
forgive forgave forgiven perdoar
get got got/gotten conseguir
get up got up got up/gotten up levantar-se
give gave given dar
go went gone ir
grow grew grown crescer
hang out hung out hung out passar tempo
have had had ter
hear heard heard ouvir
hide hid hidden esconder
hit hit hit atingir
hold held held segurar
hurt hurt hurt machucar
keep kept kept manter

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 Base form Past form Past Participle Translation

know knew known saber, conhecer

lean leant/leaned leant/leaned inclinar-se
learn learnt/learned learnt/learned aprender
leave left left deixar, sair
lend lent lent emprestar
let let let deixar
lose lost lost perder
make made made fazer
mean meant meant significar
meet met met encontrar, conhecer
overcome overcame overcome superar
pay paid paid pagar
put put put colocar
read read read ler
ride rode ridden andar de
ring rang rung tocar
rise rose risen subir, aumentar
run ran run correr
say said said dizer
see saw seen ver
sell sold sold vender
send sent sent enviar
set set set estabelecer
show showed shown mostrar
sing sang sung cantar
sit sat sat sentar
sleep slept slept dormir
speak spoke spoken falar
spell spelled/spelt spelled/spelt soletrar
spend spent spent gastar, passar tempo
split split split dividir
stand up stood up stood up ficar de pé
steal stole stolen roubar
swim swam swum nadar
take took taken pegar, tomar
teach taught taught ensinar
tell told told contar
think thought thought pensar
throw threw thrown jogar
understand understood understood entender
wake up woke up woken up acordar
wear wore worn vestir
win won won ganhar
write wrote written escrever

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 COMMON MISTAKES
Speakers of Portuguese are more likely to make certain mistakes in English because of interference from Portuguese.
Let’s take a look at some common mistakes:

TOPIC COMMON MISTAKE RIGHT FORM SOME EXPLANATION

In Portuguese, we use the verb

SAYING ONE’S AGE I have sixteen years old. I am sixteen years old. have for saying one’s age, but in
English we use the verb be.

In Portuguese, we ask questions

changing the intonation of the
You study geography with “Do you study geography with
ASKING QUESTIONS sentence. The same does not
Mr. Perry? Mr. Perry?
work in English as we need an
auxiliary to form questions.

It may be confusing to use

-s at the end of verbs for the
third person singular when we
USING -S FOR THIRD PERSON My little sister always complain My little sister always complains
immediately associate the -s
SINGULAR IN THE SIMPLE PRESENT when I can’t give her attention. when I can’t give her attention.
with plural. Beware! The -s in this
case is not plural, it is just the
correct verb form.

Translating your (seu/sua/seus/

suas) may be tricky because in
Portuguese we say, for example:
Laura is very cute, your voice “Laura é muito fofa, sua voz
Laura is very cute, her voice is
YOUR vs. HIS/HER is sweet, and your smile is é doce e seu sorriso largo”.
sweet, and her smile is beautiful.
beautiful. However, in this case we do not
use your voice or your smile,
we have to think of “voz dela”,
“sorriso dela”.

In Portuguese, when we give

negative orders or instructions
NEGATIVE ORDERS AND
No touch! Don’t touch! we say, for example: “Não
INSTRUCTIONS
toque!” However, in English we
need the auxiliary.

In Portuguese, we do not have

the use of ’s for possessions
because we usually use the
TALKING ABOUT POSSESSIONS The house of John is huge! John’s house is huge! possession before the person. In
English, it is the opposite, so we
use ’s to identify that something
belongs to someone else.

Because irregular plural words

do not always end with an -s, it
IRREGULAR PLURAL More people is arriving soon. More people are arriving soon. can easily be mistaken with a
singular word, but we need to
use a plural verb.

When we use “ter” meaning

HAVE vs. THERE + BE Have a spider on the wall. There is a spider on the wall. “haver/existir”, we can’t use
have. We need to use there + be.

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 FALSE FRIENDS
False friends are words with similar sound and form, but with different meanings. When we look at the word actually, for
example, we immediately associate it with the Portuguese word “atualmente”, because of its similarity. However, actually means
“na realidade” as in “It actually costs three thousand dollars, not three hundred.” Let’s take a look at some other examples.

Portuguese Don’t get Which in

English Example
translation confused with... English is...

pseudônimo, nome
alias He used to work under an alias. aliás by the way
falso

anthem hino Are you able to sing the American national anthem? antena antenna

appoint nomear Tom Leary was appointed to a new position. apontar point

assist ajudar Who is going to assist the new judge? assistir watch

college faculdade I can’t believe you are not excited about going to college! colégio school

comprehensive abrangente, amplo It was a very comprehensive report. compreensível understandable

convict condenado(a) The convict had to be handcuffed. convicto(a) certain

costume fantasia How much is the vampire costume? costume habit

data dados We have gathered a lot of data on the subject. data date

exit saída Where is the exit door? êxito success

fabric tecido Silk is a very expensive fabric. fábrica factory

hazard risco This medicine presents no hazard to your health. azar bad luck

inhabited habitado(a) It is an inhabited island. inabitado(a) uninhabited

revista
journal Tom is the editor of a very important medical journal. jornal newspaper
especializada, diário

lecture palestra The lecture had a very young audience. leitura reading

legend lenda Have you heard of the legend of Billy Jack? legenda subtitle

Is there a library around here where I can borrow

library biblioteca livraria bookstore
some comics?

My Brilliant Friend is a novel written by Elena Ferrante,

novel romance novela soap opera
a mysterious Italian writer.

notice notar, observar Have you noticed the new furniture in the study hall? notícia news

parents pais My parents got married in the early nineties. parentes relatives

He is a respected physician who is looking after the

physician médico físico physicist
president’s health.

prejudice preconceito We must always fight against all kinds of prejudice. prejuízo harm

pretend fingir Stop pretending! I know you are not telling the truth. pretender intend

realize perceber Have you realized how far we are from our goal? realizar accomplish

resume recomeçar After a long break they resumed the session. resumir summarize

Choosing to cross the river in such a small boat is not a

sensible sensato(a) sensível sensitive
sensible option.

The homeless shelter is supported by a group

support apoiar suportar bear
of volunteers.

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 GLOSSARY
raw – cru
Unit 1
released – lançou (infinitivo: release)
blending – mescla rendering – representar (infinitivo: render)
desirability – desejabilidade sauces – molhos
knowledge – conhecimento set the tone – dar o tom
retire – aposentar-se source – fonte
settle – estabelecer-se soy beans – soja
status quo – situação atual (latim) squash – abobrinha
star fruit – carambola

Unit 2 stir-fry – refogar

strengthening – fortalecer (infinitivo: strengthen)
agreeable – colaborativo (para uma pessoa)
tissues – tecidos
approach – abordagem
tuna – atum
baked – assado(a)
white beans – feijões brancos
blood pressure – pressão sanguínea
bowel – intestino
Review 1
canned – enlatado(a)
cantaloupe – melão-cantalupe behave – comportar-se
celery – aipo cutlery – cutelaria
cucumbers – pepinos matters – importa (infinitivo: matter)
cut-up – cortado(a) obfuscated – ofuscado(a)
dried apricots – damascos secos sky-rocketed – disparou (infinitivo: sky-rocket)
folate – folato, um tipo de vitamina B spiraling – rotativo(a)
growth – crescimento tuck into – cair dentro
halibut – peixe linguado
ingrained – enraizado Unit 3
iron – ferro
embolden – encorajar
lays out – dispõe (infinitivo: lay out)
harass – assediar
likewise – da mesma forma
provide – oferecer
lower intake – baixo consumo
raw – puro, cru
moon fruit – araçá-boi
shelf life – vida útil
mushrooms – cogumelos
strengthen – fortalecer
outcomes – resultados
toward – em direção a
pleasing – agradável
pureed – pure

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 appeal – agrado
Unit 4
fulfills – cumpre (infinitivo: fulfill)
caregivers – cuidadores guilty – culpado(a)
downside – lado negativo hubbas – oba!
peer – igual prosecutors – promotores
release – liberação raided – deu uma batida (policial)
soothed – acalmado (infinitivo: soothe) remain – permanecer
trigger – provocar scholarships – bolsas de estudos
seemingly – aparentemente

Review 2 sizzling – quente, acalorado

sponsors – patrocinadores
accountability – prestação de contas
staging – organizar, apresentar (infinitivo: stage)
hazard – risco
stormed out – saiu irado(a) (infinitivo: storm out)
scholarship – bolsa de estudos
submitted – enviou (infinitivo: submit)
undoubtedly – sem sombra de dúvida, indubitavelmente
turf – relva, gramado
unfairly – injustamente
venues – locais
witnessed – presenciamos (infinitivo: witness)
wielding – exercendo
zealously – zelosamente, com cuidado
youth – juventude

Unit 5
Review 3
coiffure – cabeleireiro
expertly – habilmente
enhance – aumentar
grasp – segurar
buried – enterrado (infinitvo: burry)
though – mas, apesar disso
heightened – maior
laundromat – lavanderia automática
realm – reino Unit 7

seeks – busca (infinitivo: seek)

beyond – além
sheeting – película
boardroom – sala de reunião
summit – cúpula, reunião de líderes
broadcaster – locutor
swapping – trocando (infinitivo: swap)
claiming – alegando (infinitivo: claim)
contenders – competidores
Unit 6 cravat – peitilho (gravata)
dashing – elegante
afford – proporcionar
deeds – atos, ações
apparel – vestimenta

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 GLOSSARY
erstwhile – antigo sought – buscou (infinitivo: seek)
forecasting – previsão strapped – quebrado(a)
patois – dialeto, gíria striking – impressionante
pidgin – simplificado wardrobe – guarda-roupa
purposes – propósitos wish – desejar
put the kibosh on – destruir uma ideia
researcher – pesquisador Review 4

shi s – muda (infinitivo: shiŠ)

beyond doubt – sem sombra de dúvida
spreading – espalhando-se
boost – estimular
struggle – esforçar-se, ter dificuldade
hitherto – até este ponto
takes stock of – avalia algo (infinitivo: take stock of)
lag – atraso
turnout – comparecimento
launch – lançamento
whether – se
neatly – organizadamente
witty – sagaz
outpacing – ultrapassando (infinitivo: outpace)
pecking order – hierarquia
Unit 8
reckons – estima (infinitivo: reckon)
accounts – justifica (infinitivo: account) widespread – difundido(a)
beating – batida
belongings – pertences
bundle – embrulho
bursting – repentinamente e com impulso
chap – amigo
double-barreled – duplo
dual-purpose – com propósito duplo
flair – talento
grunting – grunhindo
hamper – cesto
likens – assemelha-se (infinitivo: liken)
mosque – mesquita
ounce – medida correspondente a 28,34 gramas
pouring – servindo
proponent – proponente, defensor
remained – permaneceu (infinitivo: remain)
restless – inquieto(a)

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 NOTES

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 NOTES

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 WORKBOOK

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Unit 1 Migration Trends

1. Look at the bar chart extracted from the UN’s International Migration Report 2017 and find information to complete the
sentences below. Scanning

a. The chart compares migration in the years and .

b. The country which had the largest number of migrants in both years was .

c. In 2000, Canada hosted million international migrants.

d. In 2017, the United Kingdom hosted million international migrants.

Twenty countries or areas hosting the largest numbers of international migrants,

2000 and 2017, number of migrants (millions)
Unites States of America 34.8 Unites States of America 49.8
Russian Federations 11.9 Saudi Arabia 12.2
Germany 9.0 Germany 12.2
India 6.4 Russian Federations 11.7
France 6.3 United Kingdom 8.8
Ukraine 5.5 United Arab Emirates 8.3
Canada 5.5 France 7.9
Saudi Arabia 5.3 Canada 7.9
United Kingdom 4.7 Australia 7.0
Australia 4.4 Spain 5.9
Pakistan 4.2 Italy 5.9
Kazakhstan 2.9 India 5.2
Iran (Islamic Republic of) 2.8 Ukraine 5.0
China, Hong Jong SAR 2.7 Turkey 4.9
United Arab Emirates 2.4 South Africa 4.0
Italy 2.1 Kazahstan 3.6
Cóte d’Ivore 2.0 Thailand 3.6
Jordan 1.9 Pakistan 3.4
Israel 1.9 Jordan 3.2
Japan 1.7 Kuwait 3.1
Source: United Nations (2017a)
Notes: “China, Hong Kong SAR” Refers to China, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region

Extracted from www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/publications/migrationreport/docs/MigrationReport2017_Highlights.pdf. Accessed on May 25, 2018.

2. Complete these excerpts with the verb be in the affirmative or negative form.
a. “Immigration the international movement of people into a destination country of which they are
not natives [...]”
Extracted from www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immigration. Accessed on March 10, 2018.

b. “[...] As for economic effects, research suggests that migration beneficial both to the receiving and sending
countries. [...]”
Extracted from www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immigration. Accessed on March 10, 2018.

c. Launched in May 2016, I a refugee is a digital platform that intends to humanize the discussions about
refugees; to allow refugees to speak for themselves; and to fight growing populism, fears, stereotypes, and prejudice.
Adapted from www.workshopx.org/im-not-refugee. Accessed on March 10, 2018.

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 Unit 1

3. Unscramble the words and write questions. Then match the questions with the answers.
a. the purpose / of your visit / is / business / ?

b. here alone / are / you / ?

c. these / your bags / are / ?

d. a problem / migration / to another / from one country / is / ?

e. migration / immigration / is / the same as / ?

f. they / from / China / are / ?

( ) No, they are different. Immigration means entering another country to live permanently.
( ) There are pros and cons. I cannot say it is a real problem.
( ) No. Those are my bags over there.
( ) Yes, they are. They’re from Hong Kong.
( ) No, my wife and daughters are with me.
( ) No, I’m here on vacation.

4. Use the correct form of the verbs in the box to complete the following texts.

happen be (x2) occur spread

a. Cultural diffusion via human migration, intercultural marriages, or cultural exchange via letters, books,
or electronic media. It a phenomenon in which specific cultural concepts, ideas, or technologies
from one culture to another.
Adapted from www.answers.com/Q/Does_migration_cause_cultural_diffusion. Accessed on March 10, 2018.

b. In a very simple definition, cultural diffusion is when different cultures are spread into different areas. It
the mixing or blending of different ideas, beliefs, and innovations from one group to another. Cultural diffusion
all over the world, from fast food restaurants to new technologies.
Adapted from http://bookbuilder.cast.org/view_print.php?book=63595. Accessed on March 10, 2018.

5. Transform these statements into negatives.

a. Cultural diffusion always leads to positive exchanges.

b. Immigration plays an important role in cultural diffusion.

c. Most refugees seek asylum in other countries.

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 6. Match the questions with the answers.
a. How does the Internet affect cultural diffusion in the world today?
b. What does cultural diffusion mean?
c. How does globalization lead to cultural exchange?
( ) Globalization provides both positive and negative influences on cultural diversity.
( ) The effect that it has on both local and global cultures is significant.
( ) The spreading out of culture, culture traits, or a cultural pattern from a central point.

7. Look at the ads closely. Then use one of the imperative statements below to complete each message.

Don’t text and drive

Reduce. Reuse. Recycle.
Support local farmers

8. Form adjectives with the suffixes from the box. Then use the adjectives to complete the sentences below.

-ful -ive -ous -able / -ible -less -al

a. use 1. I love her new blouse; it’s so .

b. color 2. Wear shoes to walk around the city.
c. comfort 3. They usually record changes with
precision.
d. danger
4. Don’t text and drive because it’s .
e. mathematics
5. These old cell phones are ; they can’t
f. attract be updated.
6. I don’t think he’s .

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 Unit 1

9. Complete the sentences with the correct word from the box.

drought employment
flooding hazards

a. Some push factors for immigration are natural such as or .

b. Some people also migrate to look for better opportunities.

AN EYE ON ENEM

ENEM 2012 – Prova Amarela

Questão 92

When the power of love

overcomes the love of
POWER, the world will
know peace.
Jimi Hendrix

Aproveitando-se de seu status social e da possível influência sobre seus fãs, o famoso músico Jimi Hendrix associa, em
seu texto, os termos love, power e peace para justificar sua opinião de que
a. a paz tem o poder de aumentar o amor entre os homens.
b. o amor pelo poder deve ser menor do que o poder do amor.
c. o poder deve ser compartilhado entre aqueles que se amam.
d. o amor pelo poder é capaz de desunir cada vez mais as pessoas.
e. a paz será alcançada quando a busca pelo poder deixar de existir.

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Unit 2 “The First Wealth is Health”

1. Read the text and choose the best title for it. Skimming

a. Nutritional guidelines around the world. ( )

b. Brazil has the best nutritional guidelines in the world. ( )
c. Brazil and the USA have the same nutritional guidelines. ( )

The way we talk about nutrition in this country is absurd. And you
only need to look as far as Brazil to understand why.
Yesterday, a U.S. government-appointed scientific panel released a
600-page report that will inform America’s new dietary guidelines.
These guidelines only come out every five years, and they matter
because they truly set the tone for how Americans eat. […]
But this panel and their guidelines too oŠen over complicate
what we know about healthy eating. They take a rather
punitive approach to food, reducing it to its nutrient parts
and emphasizing its relationship to obesity. […]
To fully understand the absurdity of the food situation in America,
let’s turn back to Brazil. Brazil is clearly a very different context than America. The country has only relatively
recently emerged as a global economic force, and under-nutrition is still as much a concern as the rising obesity
problem. But it’s a fascinating country when it comes to health and it’s probably exactly their emerging status
that has forced them to be smarter about food and nutrition.
In 143 pages, the Brazilian health ministry also lays out what may be the most intelligent food guide in
the world. Here are some highlights from an English translation:
On whole foods: “Make natural or minimally processed foods the basis of your diet. Natural or minimally
processed foods, in great variety, mainly of plant origin, are the basis for diets that are nutritious, delicious,
appropriate, and supportive of socially and environmentally sustainable food systems.”
On salt, sugar and fat: “Use oils, fats, salt, and sugar in small amounts for seasoning and cooking foods
and to create culinary preparations. As long as they are used in moderation in culinary preparations
based on natural or minimally processed foods, oils, fats, salt, and sugar contribute toward diverse and
delicious diets without rendering them nutritionally unbalanced.”
On processed foods: “Because of their ingredients, ultra-processed foods—such as packaged snacks,
soŠ drinks, and instant noodles—are nutritionally unbalanced. Ultra-processed foods are formulated
and packaged to be ready-to-consume without any preparation. This makes meals and sharing of food
at table unnecessary.”
On eating as a social experience: “Clean, quiet, and comfortable places encourage attention to the act of
eating mindfully and slowly, enable meals to be fully appreciated, and decrease overeating… Humans are
social beings. Eating together is ingrained in human history, as is the sharing and division of responsibility
for finding, acquiring, preparing, and cooking food. Eating together is a natural, simple yet profound way
to create and develop relationships between people. Thus, eating is a natural part of social life.”
Adapted from www.vox.com/2015/2/20/8076961/brazil-food-guide. Accessed on June 25, 2018.

2. Number the recommendations 1-4 as they are mentioned in the text. Understanding details

a. Use oils, fats, salt, and sugar in small amounts for seasoning and cooking. ( )
b. Eating together helps to develop relationships with people. ( )
c. Avoid processed and ultra-processed foods. ( )
d Make natural or minimally processed foods the basis of your diet. ( )

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 Unit 2

3. Below are photos of lunches that follow the Brazilian dietary guidelines. Complete the captions with the food items that
are missing.

a b

c d

a. Rice, beans, baked leg, beetroot, and cornmeal with

.
b. Rice, , omelette, and sautéed jilo.
c. Feijoada, , onion and tomato vinagrette, cassava flower, sautéed cole,
and .
d. salad, rice, beans, grilled beef, and fruit salad.
Source: Brazilian Dietary Guidelines. www.foodpolitics.com/wp-content/uploads/Brazilian-Dietary-Guidelines-2014.pdf. Accessed on June 26, 2018.

4. Complete the table with words from the previous activity.

Fruits and vegetables Proteins Grains Dairy

5. Complete the following sentences using the simple present form of the verbs in paretheses.
a. Riley usually (prefer) places that serve freshly-made meals.
b. The quality of fruit and vegetables that Steve (buy) in supermarkets is
not as good as at farms.
c. you (eat) fresh fruit and vegetables
every day?
d. I (not pay) attention to the type of milk I use; should I?
e. Susan (not have) lunch at home, so she
(try) to have healthy snacks with her.

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 6. Rewrite the sentences to include the adverb in parentheses in the correct place.
a. In Brazil, cow’s milk is consumed with fruit or with coffee at the first meal of the day. (often)

b. People think that it costs a lot to eat healthily. (often)

c. Animal foods are good sources of proteins, vitamins, and minerals. (usually)

d. I eat junk. It doesn’t make me feel good. (rarely)

e. Fresh fruit and vegetables are better for your health than processed foods. (always)

f. People comment on my green drinks, but I love them! (always)

7. Choose the best option to complete each sentence.

1. A processed food is easily recognizable as a modified version of the original food.
a. frequently b. never c. usually d. daily

2. choose natural or minimally processed foods and freshly made dishes and meals over
ultra-processed foods.
a. Often b. Always c. Sometimes d. Rarely

3. Far too often, people go on extreme diets they can’t maintain, which means they actually
develop long-term, healthy eating habits.
a. always b. sometimes c. never d. often

4. people need to accept and act on the fact that food, diet, and nutrition are vital to their
health, and also to the health of others in their lives.
a. Never b. Sometimes c. Frequently d. Regularly

8. Rewrite the sentences replacing the words in bold with the correct subject or object pronoun.

a. Susan borrowed some of my books, but Susan returned the books yesterday.

b. Look at Rodrigo’s new shoes! The shoes look very nice on Rodrigo.

c. The Brazilian Dietary Guidelines state that oil, salt, and sugar should be used in moderation. Oil, salt, and sugar can be
harmful when consumed in large amounts.

d. My classmates and I love our cooking classes with Mr. Simmons. Mr. Simmons teaches my classmates and me a lot of
new recipes.

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 Unit 2

9. Complete the article with the words from the box.

habits consume have intakes important

fat vegetables is (x2) breakfast gain

Breakfast eating among Brazilian adolescents: Analysis of the National Dietary

Survey 2008-2009
Eating habits a significant influence on the growth, development,
and health of individuals. High consumption of and sugar-rich foods
and low consumption of fruit and has been observed among Brazilian
adolescents, resulting in nutritionally inadequate diets. Meal skipping and eating away from home
have also been observed. Moreover, when compared to adults and older adults, Brazilian adolescents
more soŠ drinks, cookies, and sandwiches and fewer beans, salads, and
vegetables.
Breakfast considered the first and most
meal of the day. The quality of food at breakfast has been identified as essential for children and
adolescents to achieve or maintain adequate health conditions since the consumption of cereal and
fruit important for the prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases.
In children and adolescents, has been associated with improvement in
attention, memory, and mood; it has also been possibly associated with improvements in motivation,
cognitive function, and academic achievement, as well as with higher of
vitamin D and calcium. However, irregular breakfast have been associated
with unfavorable health outcomes and weight among adolescents.
Adapted from www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1415-52732017000400463. Accessed on June 26, 2018.

AN EYE ON ENEM
ENEM 2016 – Prova Azul
Questão 95
BOGOF (buy one, get one free) is used as a noun in ‘There are some great bogofs on at the supermarket’ or as an
adjective, usually with a word such as offer or deal – ‘there are some great bogof offers in store’.
When you combine the first letters of the words in a phrase or the name of an organization, you have an acronym.
Acronyms are spoken as a word so NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) is not pronounced N-A-T-O. We say
NATO. Bogof, when said outloud, is quite comical for a native speaker, as it sounds like an insult. ‘Bog off!’ meaning
go away, leave me alone, is slightly childish and a little old-fashioned.
BOGOF is the best-known of the supermarket marketing strategies. The concept was first imported from the USA
during the 1970s recession, when food prices were very high. It came back into fashion in the late 1990s, led by big
supermarket chains trying to gain a competitive advantage over each other. Consumers were attracted by the idea
that they could get something for nothing. Who could possibly say ‘no’?
Disponível em: www.bbc.co.uk. Acesso em: 2 ago. 2012 (adaptado).

Considerando-se as informações do texto, a expressão “bogof” é usada para

a. anunciar mercadorias em promoção. d. indicar recessão na economia.
b. pedir para uma pessoa se retirar. e. chamar alguém em voz alta.
c. comprar produtos fora de moda.

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Unit 3 Your Digital Self

Scanning
1. Look at the information below, extracted from research published in The Guardian, and complete the statements.
a. The number of people in the UK between the ages of 18 and 24 expected to stop using Facebook in 2018 is .
b. As of 2017, most Facebook users in the UK are between the ages of and .
c. The number of people in the UK between the ages of 55 and 64 expected to join Facebook in 2018 is .
d. As of 2017, 2.2 million Facebook users in the UK are between the ages of and .

Is Facebook for old people? Over-55s

flock in as the young leave
Facebook UK users 2017 vs. 2018
Age 12 to 17 2.2m, down 300,000
Age 18 to 24 4.5, down 400,000
Age 25 to 34 7.2m, flat
Age 35 to 44 5.9m, flat
Age 45 to 54 5.6m, up 100,000 users
Age 55 to 64 3.5m, up 200,000 users
Age 65-plus 2.9m, up 300,000 users
Extracted from www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/feb/12/is-facebook-for-
old-people-over-55s-flock-in-as-the-young-leave. Accessed on June 17, 2018.

2. Complete the sentences with the correct possessive adjective.

a. Jason is always on phone posting pictures of himself and friends. Jason’s friends also
love posting pictures on social networks – they even have a group only for that.
b. This is sister Maria. She is 5 years older than me, but we get along very well. We like to ride
bikes at the park in the afternoon when it’s cool.
c. Can I use phone? phone’s battery is dead.
d. Is this backpack? Someone left it in the schoolyard.
e. Brazil is famous for beaches, but it should be famous for all natural beauties.
f. Tina forgot jacket, can you return it to her?

3. Match the false friends in the sentences below with their meanings.
a. Actually, I’m not afraid of traveling alone. c. What is the most durable fabric for clothing?
b. Have you seen Bob lately? d. I work in a factory that manufactures decorative
accessories.
( ) cloth produced especially by knitting, weaving, or felting fibers
( ) in fact, in reality
( ) not long ago, recently
( ) a building or group of buildings in which goods are manufactured

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 Unit 3

4. Fill in the blanks using the false friends from the box.

newspapers lately actually fabric journal factory

a. This is very chic. It’s made of cotton with details in silk.

b. Some people use Facebook as a personal .

c. I haven’t seen any of my friends .

d. He is the HR manager at the .

e. I don’t buy I read the news online.

f. This letter is for you, not for me.

5. Underline the false friends in the excerpts below. Then underline the alternative that best summarizes the paragraph.

1.

Social media platforms have become a dominant source of data used by governments, corporations, and academics to
study human society. Yet, in the rush towards ever-more sophisticated algorithms and visualizations to analyze trends
from social media, we are ignoring the critical questions of how well social media actually reflects societal trends and
just how to use all of the analysis we produce.
Extracted from www.forbes.com/sites/kalevleetaru/2016/02/16/does-social-media-actually-reflect-reality/#61e292cf4e43.
Accessed on June 18, 2018.

a. Social media is an accurate data source for social trends.

b. Social trends are usually followed and displayed in social media, as research continues to demonstrate.
c. Social media never reflects social trends; therefore, one is not related to the other.
d. It’s still uncertain how social media and social trends are related. One doesn’t necessarily reflect the other.
e. The more people use social media, the more information will be accurate.

2.

If kids are online, parents are usually more effective acting as mentors than as micromanagers. Having open-ended
conversations rather than wielding authoritative control enables kids to build the critical-thinking skills needed to
make smarter decisions online and in real life. For some kids, a finsta (“fake” Instagram) or a rinsta (“real” Instagram)
might be where they feel they can share their raw, authentic feelings, even though they don’t always realize that
anything shared online has the potential for a greater audience, amplified consequences or longer shelf life. It’s up to
parents to find a way in, not through coercion, but through conversation.
Extracted from www.washingtonpost.com/news/parenting/wp/2018/01/09/what-teens-wish-their-parents-knew-about-social-media/?noredirect=on&utm_term=.017d8dc1dead.
Accessed on June 19, 2018.

a. Parents should keep track of their kids’ life on social media in order to control their online interactions.
b. Micromanaging is important once children start hiding their online activities from their parents.
c. Critical-thinking skills are built on imposition and by modeling behavior with punishment.
d. Understanding how kids interact through social media involves micromanaging and authoritative control.
e. When dealing with kids, offering good advice and mentoring is usually more effective than being imposing
and dictatorial.

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 6. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in the box.

be think decide help spend

a. Kids usually most of their time on social media and online games rather than studying or having
face-to-face interactions.

b. Most parents small children shouldn’t be allowed to go online without supervision, because they might be
exposed to harm and danger.

c. Teenagers getting more and more resourceful as time goes by. They can solve most types of problems
without asking their parents for support.

d. Children shouldn’t be allowed to how much time they spend on social media. Parents’ supervision is
important to help them develop awareness.

e. Cyberbullying is real, and parents must act as mentors and kids navigate through social media the safest
way possible.

7. Read the sentences below and note the verbs in bold. Then match them with their meaning.
a. Anthony looks down on anyone who doesn’t have a Master’s degree.
b. Sonja looks after her sister whenever their parents are out.
c. I’ve always looked up to my grandfather. He’s accomplished a lot in his life.
d. The detectives are looking into the crime, but there are no suspects yet.
( ) to respect something or someone, and to show respect
( ) to try to find out information
( ) to take care of something or someone
( ) to not value something or someone

8. Fill in the blanks with the verbs in the box.

look up to look after look into look down on

a. “See, there’s a difference between you and me. You people because of what YOU THINK they can or can’t
afford. You clearly believe that a man’s worth should be measured by the car he chooses to drive… but I think differently.”
Adapted from www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2018/07/18/banky-w-replies-ladies-trolling-him/. Acessed on July 19, 2018.

b. “Danica Patrick, the first woman to win an IndyCar race, had simple advice for people who her: know what you love.”
Extracted from www.abc11.com/sports/danica-patrick-makes-espys-history-as-first-female-host/3777902/. Acessed on July 19, 2018.

c. “This means you have to keep in mind that there are loads of things that potentially pose a risk to your children. The more
you can do to address these problems, the better the kids will be as a result. So, these are some of the best ideas you can
come up with that are going to help you your kids’ well-being right now!”
Extracted from www.t2conline.com/look-after-your-kids-well-being-with-these-great-parenting-ideas/. Acessed on July 19, 2018.

d. “Two US senators, members of the Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee, have asked the Federal Trade
Commission (FTC) to the private policies and practices of smart TV manufacturers.”
Extracted from www.telecompaper.com/news/us-senators-call-on-ftc-to-look-into-smart-tv-privacy-practices--1252840. Acessed on July 19, 2018.

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 Unit 3

9. Choose the correct option to complete the 10. Fill in the blanks with the simple present or the present
sentences below. continuous using the information given.

a. Tony a message now? a. Peter (not like) playing soccer with

his siblings.
a. Does / write b. Is / writing

b. Jude and Tom their children anymore. b. you (call) your

They usually communicate through social media. mother now?

a. don’t call b. are not calling

c. they (go) to the same
restaurant every week?
c. We sometimes to the movies together.
a. go b. are going d. Mark (not eat) meat. He’s a vegetarian.

d. First, I dinner then I

e. George and Peter (walk) to the park
my emails.
every Sunday morning.
a. have / read b. am having / am reading
f. Sue (not be) now. She
(watch) TV.

AN EYE ON ENEM

ENEM 2013 – Prova Cinza

Questão 93

STEVE JOBS: A LIFE REMEMBERED 1955-2011

Readersdigest.ca takes a look back at Steve Jobs, and his contribution to our digital world.

CEO. Tech-Guru. Artist. There are few corporate figures as famous and well regarded as former Apple CEO, Steve Jobs.
His list of achievements is staggering, and his contribution to modern technology, digital media, and indeed the
world as a whole, cannot be downplayed.
With his passing on October 5, 2011, readersdigest.ca looks back at some of his greatest achievements, and pays
our respects to a digital pioneer who helped pave the way for a generation of technology and possibilities, few could
have imagined.
Disponível em www.readersdigest.ca. Acesso em: 25 fev. 2012.

Informações sobre pessoas famosas são recorrentes na mídia, divulgadas de forma impressa ou virtualmente. Em relação
a Steve Jobs, este texto propõe:
a. Expor as maiores conquistas da empresa.
b. Descrever suas criações na área da tecnologia.
c. Enaltecer sua contribuição para o mundo digital.
d. Lamentar sua ausência na criação de novas tecnologias.
e. Discutir o impacto de seu trabalho para a geração atual.

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Unit 4 Establishing and Keeping Relationships

1. Read the comic strip below and choose the best answer to the question that follows. Scanning

Extracted from www.arcticcirclecartoons.com/comics/august-26-2013. Accessed on July 2, 2018

What message does the comic strip convey?

a. The key to establishing and keeping true friendship is to monitor your friends’ lives all the time.
b. Friendship is not always about having extensive dialogues, but rather about understanding the needs and interests of each other.
c. Ironically, eletronic gadgets prevent friends from talking to each other even when they are near each other.
d. When making new friends, make sure you have a lot in common. You’ll be frustrated otherwise.

2. The modal verb can is used by one of the characters from the comic strip in activity 1. In that context, the modal verb
stands for...
a. permission.
b. ability.
c. prohibition.
d. suggestion.
e. offering.

3. Circle the modal verb that completes all the blanks in this comic strip.

Extracted from https://br.pinterest.com/pin/459859811945777037. Accessed on July 2, 2018.

a. can
b. should
c. can’t
d. shouldn’t
e. may

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 Unit 4

4. Read the sentences. Then use the modal verbs in parentheses to reply to the situations presented.
a. Suzanne doesn’t have a driver’s license. (can’t)

b. Peter is feeling sick. (should)

c. Samantha studies English every day. (can)

d. It’s very cold outside. (shouldn’t)

e. This shirt is very old. (should)

5. Read the excerpt below and do the activities that follow.

“On paper, home sharing sounds perfect. It matches young people, like myself, who can’t afford London’s rocketing
rents, with older people who are lonely.
As I was about to start a full-time master’s course, I was only going to be able to work part-time, so renting a normal flat
was out of the question. I searched for alternative options from being a property guardian to being an au pair. […]”
Extracted from www.theguardian.com/society/2015/mar/03/young-person-live-older-person-cheap-rent-live-in-care. Accessed on July 2, 2018.

a. Circle the verbs in the simple past.

b. Answer the question: What is the infinitive form of the verbs you circled in the text?

6. Write the simple past form of the following verbs.

a. buy g. be
b. see h. cook
c. eat i. do
d. look j. make
e. live k. study
f. go l. learn

7. Rewrite these sentences in the simple past. Make all the necessary changes.
a. My father often makes furniture using discarded plastic bottles.

b. My best friend studies English in Jamaica.

c. I don’t share an apartment with my classmates.

d. My sister works at Google now.

e. My brother doesn’t live with his girlfriend.

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 8. Complete the excerpts below with the phrasal verbs from the box.

back off break up stand by

a. “[…] Sometimes you don’t have to question whether you have good reasons to – you just
know it’s time. But other times you’re not so sure. [...]

Extracted from www.eharmony.com/dating-advice/breaking-up/15-ways-to-know-its-time-to-break-up. Accessed on July 17, 2018.

b. “[...] Friends are supposed to love you no matter what, but what is important is that they also
you. [...]”

Extracted from www.theodysseyonline.com/the-importance-of-having-friends-who-stand-up-for-you. Accessed on July 17, 2018.

c. “[...] If you want to in a relationship, then find the things that you love to do and let them
distract you. If you are too wound up in a union, it is easy to make it the center point of your life. [...]”

Extracted from www.lovepanky.com/love-couch/better-love/how-to-pull-back-in-a-relationship. Accessed on July 17, 2018.

9. Choose the phrasal verb to substitute for the word(s) in bold in each sentence below. Then rewrite each sentence with the
phrasal verb you have chosen.
a. I might be able to help you financially, but don’t depend on it.
( ) take after ( ) count on

b. My father is someone I have always admired.

( ) looked up to ( ) took after

c. Can’t you just stop arguing all the time?

( ) falling out ( ) putting down

d. I need one more week to complete the project.

( ) stand by ( ) see (something) through

e. Sean is a great friend of mine. He is always loyal to me.

( ) always stands by ( ) always takes after

f. Everyone says I am a lot like my dad, we both love soccer and reading novels.
( ) take after ( ) put down

g. I stopped dancing years ago. I wasn’t any good at it.

( ) gave up ( ) gave in

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 Unit 4

10. Complete the tasks below with your own information.

a. Write three abilities you have using can.

b. Write three prohibitions in your school using can't.

c. Write three things friends should or shouldn't do.

AN EYE ON ENEM

ENEM 2014 – Prova amarela

Questão 95

The Road Not Taken (by Robert Frost)

Two roads diverged in a wood, and I —
I took the one less traveled by,
And that has made all the difference.
Disponível em: www.poetryfoundation.org. Acesso em: 29 nov. 2011 (fragmento).

Estes são os versos finais do famoso poema The Road Not Taken, do poeta americano Robert Frost. Levando-se em
consideração que a vida é comumente metaforizada como uma viagem, esses versos indicam que o autor
a. festeja o fato de ter sido ousado na escolha que fez em sua vida.
b. lamenta por ter sido um viajante que encontrou muitas bifurcações.
c. viaja muito pouco e que essa escolha fez toda a diferença em sua vida.
d. reconhece que as dificuldades em sua vida foram todas superadas.
e. percorre várias estradas durante as diferentes fases de sua vida.

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Unit 5 Art: The Language of Emotions

1. Read the article below and choose the option that best summarizes the conclusions of the study. Skimming

THE UNEXPECTED, CREATIVE BENEFITS OF SHARING YOUR STUDIO

With the rise of trendy co-working spaces like The Wing and WeWork in recent years, the benefits of such environments
have come to the fore. While these companies promise opportunities for networking, career advancement, and off-
-the-charts idea exchange (not to mention stylish digs), compelling research has found that the people frequenting
co-working spaces – like freelancers, entrepreneurs, and remote employees – experience enhanced creativity.
But can the same creative benefits be felt when artists share a studio? You might think the answer is yes, but it’s not
always the case. Shared studios can help enhance creativity, but only if the artists are frequently interacting, swapping
resources, and exchanging feedback.
Dr. Thalia R. Goldstein, assistant professor of applied developmental
psychology at George Mason University, has noted that under the right
circumstances, the benefits of co-working spaces can also be felt by artists
sharing a studio, by virtue of the fact that it fosters collaboration, as well as
the “freedom and time to engage with others,” she said.
Multiple research findings back up this notion. At the University of Michigan’s
Stephen M. Ross School of Business, the first phase of an ongoing study on
co-working spaces (chaired by Dr. Gretchen Speitzer, Dr. Peter Bacevice, and
Lyndon Garrett) found that the freedom to think and create independently,
with self-defined opportunities to join in community, led to a heightened
sense of achievement.
Extracted from www.artsy.net/article/artsy-editorial-unexpected-creative-benefits-sharing-studio. Accessed on July 19, 2018.

a. Although they are usually used as a cost-reducing 3. Match the prefixes on the left with a word on the right
alternative for companies and small businesses, to form new words. Use these words to complete the
co-working spaces are not considered a plausible sentences below.
alternative for artists.
PREFIX BASE WORD
b. Company employees who commonly use co-working
spaces are looking for opportunities for networking, over- biography
career advancement, and off-the-charts idea exchange. auto- finished
c. According to a study conducted by Dr. Goldstein, shared im- react
studios are positive only for artists who are looking for
dis- possible
collaboration and the freedom to engage with others.
self- agree
d. The study concludes that, under the right circumstances,
the benefits of co-working spaces can also be found un- esteem
with shared studios. They foster collaboration and also
provide artists with the freedom and time to engage with a. You always to criticism, and it’s
each other. not a good thing about you.
b. Long Walk to Freedom is the name of Nelson Mandela’s
e. According to Dr. Speitzer, Dr. Bacevice, and Garrett, the
freedom to think enabled by co-working spaces makes .
artists more independent. c. It’s to visit the Sistine Chapel and
not be mesmerized by its ceiling. It’s wonderful!
2. Read the article again and complete the tasks below.
d. You might , but I think Guernica is
a. Underline the words with prefixes. the most striking painting of all times.
b. Find a word that means not expected, unforeseen. e. The Gran Cavallo is one of Da Vinci’s most famous
works.
c. Find a word that means talking to each other, working f. Some artists have very low . They
together: think their work is never good.

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 Unit 5

4. Read the excerpt below and answer the question that follows.

“Having established his genius as a sculptor and painter, Michelangelo went on to completely change the Roman
skyline with his architectural designs.”
Extracted from www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2004/02_february/05/divine_michelangelo_synopses.shtml. Accessed on July 06, 2018.

The phrasal verb went on in the excerpt, whose base form is go on, stands for:
a. pass
b. do something without planning or preparing
c. attack someone or argue with someone
d. experience a difficult or unpleasant situation
e. continue

5. Read the definitions for some phrasal verbs with go. Then complete the sentences using them.

go for a. I need to a few documents before I sign the lease

choose or accept on my art gallery.
go up b. We need to buy our tickets to the concert before prices
increase in price or value
again.
go over
review or examine c. She plans to teaching after college.
go out d. Since they are saving money, Mary and Pete decided to
feel sympathy or pity
go into the cheapest alternative.
start to do a particular type of job e. Our hearts to the people affected by the
hurricane.

6. Complete the table below with the missing words.

SINGULAR PLURAL

painting

sculptures

picture

wife

opportunity

countries

responsibilities

kid

wish

kiss

knife

museum

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 7. Complete the sentences below with the plural form of the nouns.

a. Picasso is not only famous for his (painting), but he’s also famous for many other art
(form).
b. The work of Andy Warhol, one of the most well-known (name) from the pop art movement, has been
the subject of multiple (study) around the world.
c. Gustav Mahler, an Austro-Bohemian composer, is mostly known for his (symphony) from the late-
Romantic period.
d. (family) are more and more attracted by art (exhibit). Engaging art and
technology is an effective way (artist) have found to encourage (parent) and
(kid) to visit (museum) and art (gallery).
e. Although only active for about 10 (year), Vincent Van Gogh created almost 900
(work of art).

8. Read the sentence below and circle the option that describes the word order.

This is a beautiful small round old blue French leather bag.

a. opinion – size – shape – age – color – origin – material

b. size – age – opinion – shape – origin – color – material
c. size – shape – age – color – origin – material – opinion
d. opinion – material – shape – age – size – color – origin
e. color – opinion – size – shape – age – origin – material

9. Check ( ) the correct option to complete the sentences.

a. The Mona Lisa is by Leonardo da Vinci. You can find it in the Louvre Museum now.
( ) a world-famous portrait painting
( ) a portrait painting world-famous

b. Vincent Van Gogh is . He was born in the 19th century.

( ) a European painter Post-Impressionist
( ) a European Post-Impressionist painter

c. The Statue of Liberty is situated on Liberty Island in New York City, USA.
( ) a famous neoclassical sculpture
( ) a neoclassical famous sculpture

d. Christ the Redeemer is of Jesus Christ located in Rio de Janeiro.

( ) a colossal Art Deco statue
( ) an Art Deco colossal statue

e. The Egyptian pyramids are located in Egypt.

( ) ancient pyramid-shaped structures
( ) ancient structures pyramid-shaped

f. Starry Night is a painting by Van Gogh. It was painted in 1889.

( ) fascinating, dark-colored
( ) dark-colored, fascinating

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 Unit 5

10. Describe the following using at least three adjectives each.

a. A place you like going to.

b. An item of clothing you like wearing.

c. A monument in your city or country.

d. A book you have read and liked.

AN EYE ON ENEM

ENEM 2017 – Prova Amarela

Questão 01

Israel Travel Guide

Israel has always been a standout destination. From the days of prophets to the modern-day nomad this tiny slice
of land on the eastern Mediterranean has long attracted visitors. While some arrive in the ‘Holy Land’ on a spiritual
quest, many others are on cultural tours, beach vacations, and ecotourism trips. Weeding through Israel’s convoluted
history is both exhilarating and exhausting. There are crumbling temples, ruined cities, abandoned forts, and
hundreds of places associated with the Bible. And while a sense of adventure is required, most sites are safe and
easily accessible. Most of all, Israel is about its incredibly diverse population. Jews come from all over the world to
live here, while about 20% of the population is Muslim. Politics are hard to get away from in Israel as everyone has an
opinion on how to move the country forward – with a ready ear you’re sure to hear opinions from every side of the
political spectrum.
Disponível em: www.worldtravelguide.net. Acesso em: 15 jun. 2012.

Antes de viajar, turistas geralmente buscam informações sobre o local para onde pretendem ir. O trecho do guia de
viagens de Israel
a. descreve a história desse local para que turistas valorizem seus costumes milenares.
b. informa hábitos religiosos para auxiliar turistas a entenderem as diferenças culturais.
c. divulga os principais pontos turísticos para ajudar turistas a planejarem sua viagem.
d. recomenda medidas de segurança para alertar turistas sobre possíveis riscos locais.
e. apresenta aspectos gerais da cultura do país para continuar a atrair turistas estrangeiros.

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Unit 6 Sport Is No Longer Just Sport

1. Read part of an article and check ( ) the best title. Skimming

( ) Skateboarding in Australia
( ) Olympic Skateboarding: Tokyo 2020
( ) Rio Olympics was different

www.boardworld.com.au/articles/olympic

1. PARK & STREET DISCIPLINES rules that athletes had to accept in order to be
If you’re wondering which disciplines will be allowed to compete. The rules outlaw sponsors who
represented at Tokyo 2020, wonder no longer. The aren’t partnered with the BOA from congratulating
Olympic competition will be split into two distinct athletes or even wishing them good luck in a public
contests. One will cover street skateboarding – think forum during the Olympic Games.
Street League courses; rails, hubbas, ledges, stairs. Any skate sponsor (besides Adidas) must pretend
The other will be a park discipline, which will target that their U.K. rider is not actually at the Olympics,
transition skaters – think Vans Park Series. […] completely ignoring the competition altogether, or
As expected, the Olympics will feature both male said skateboarder will be disallowed from competing.
and female skateboarders competing in each It’s unclear whether this extends to other nations,
discipline. According to the ISF, the total number of however considering that Adidas has partnered with
competitors is expected to be around 80, with an equal numerous Olympic Commissions across the world –
split between genders. That means we can expect including Australia for the past 12 years – it seems
roughly 40 men and 40 women to compete at the Games, likely. Welcome to corporate sports.
possibly split between 20 per discipline, although it’s 5. AUSTRALIA IS WAY AHEAD OF THE GAME
possible that some skaters will compete in both park and While some nations, namely the USA, have
street. […] seemingly made little progress with their Olympic
2. ROLLERBLADERS ARE IN CHARGE – SORT OF skateboarding program, Australia has stormed out
Skateboarding will be governed, at least in part, by the of the blocks. The AOC became the first Olympic
Fédération Internationale de Roller Sports (FIRS). The Commission to publicly support a skateboarder
International Skateboarding Federation was able to when they granted Shane O’Neill a $20,000 medal
strike a deal with the Olympics to co-govern the sport incentive bonus almost immediately after the sport
alongside our rollerblading cousins, forming the Tokyo was confirmed for Tokyo 2020. Two Australian
2020 Skateboarding Commission, despite the best efforts skateboarders were recently granted full university
of FIRS to take full control. scholarships as a direct result of skateboarding’s
inclusion in the Games, while the Australian
3. EVERYONE WILL WEAR NIKE
Skateboarding Federation has already partnered
This one almost sounds untrue, but it’s absolutely
with the AIS for several skate-related Olympic
confirmed – at least for U.S. athletes. Part of the U.S.
workshops across the country. […]
Olympic Commission’s massive deal with Nike stipulates
that all athletes must be dressed head-to-toe in Nike 6. THE OLYMPIC COURSE WILL BE OPEN TO THE PUBLIC
apparel and footwear during all official Olympic Skateboarding will be held at the Aomi Urban Sports
engagements. This includes press conferences, Venue in Tokyo, where street and park courses will be
interviews, official appearances, and medal ceremonies, purpose-built for the Olympic Games. Amazingly, the
however it doesn’t extend to appearances in the actual IOC has confirmed that the skateparks will be open to
competition, as far as we understand. […] the general public to skate during the Olympics, even
on the same day they’re used for competition. […]
4. SPONSORS WILL BE SILENCED
At the Rio 2016 Olympics, the British Olympic Extracted from www.boardworld.com.au/articles/olympic-skateboarding-
6-things-we-know. Accessed on July 30, 2018.
Commission outlined a number of sponsor-related

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 Unit 6

2. Unscramble the words and write questions. Then match the questions with the answers.
a. contests / the Olympic competition / how many / will / distinct / be split into / ?

b. the skateboarding event / take place / 2020 Olympics/ will / where / in the / ?

c. country / has stormed out of / in skateboarding / which / the blocks / ?

d. competitors / event / take part in / the / how many / are expected to / ?

e. sponsoring / for / the / will be / competitors / who / the apparel / ?

f. the skateparks / access / the public / will / to / have / ?

( ) Eighty competitors are expected to participate in the skateboarding event, with an equal split between genders.
( ) The Olympic competition will be split into two distinct contests.
( ) Australia has stormed out of the blocks in skateboarding by supporting its players from the beginning.
( ) Yes, the public will be able to access the skateparks after the events have taken place.
( ) Skateboarding will be held at the Aomi Urban Sports venue in Tokyo.
( ) According to sources, Nike will definitely be sponsoring the U.S. team and maybe that of other countries as well.

3. Fill in the blanks with the comparative form of the adjectives in parentheses.

a. That cat is (mean) than my dog.

b. That sports TV show is (strange) than the one we watched last night.

c. Volleyball player Walsh Jennings’s hair is (light) than Logan Tom’s hair.

d. Carson’s television is (big) than mine. Let’s all watch the games there.

4. Read the sentences and check ( ) the options that complete them.

a. Samuel is at sports than me. d. I think baseball is than rugby, but

I don’t like either of them.
( ) good
( ) bad
( ) better
( ) worst
( ) best
( ) worse
e. I think Serena Williams is still the
b. George is than Robert.
tennis player in the world.
( ) funnier ( ) good
( ) funniest ( ) better
( ) funny ( ) best
f. Running is one of the Olympic
c. Soccer is than handball. sports.
( ) most popular ( ) older
( ) more popular ( ) old
( ) populous ( ) oldest

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 5. Select the underlined word or phrase that needs to be 6. Complete the sentences by changing the words in
changed to correct the sentence. parentheses into a noun using suffixes.
1. The oldest of the triplets is the livelier one, perhaps a. The (create) of an independent
because he intuitively knows that he is the big brother body to monitor violence on television might succeed in
who needs to take care of everyone. putting these concerns to rest.
a. oldest b. who c. livelier d. big
b. The (involve) of parents in
2. Among the major newspapers in Los Angeles, the more elementary school classrooms has several benefits for
popular one is The Los Angeles Times, outselling the four the children’s education.
other large publications in the area.
a. major b. outselling c. large d. more c. The first step should be the
(identify) of students who cause trouble in the classroom
3. While I enjoy both swimming and running, I am fine at so that appropriate action can be taken.
swimming, as I naturally have more upper body strength
and feel very natural in the water. d. There is of course a striking
a. very b. both c. fine d. more (similar) between what happens in the workplace and
at home.
4. The environmentalist isn’t sure which is worst for the
environment between Styrofoam and plastic. e. This is such a common (occur)
a. worst b. and c. isn’t d. which that the authorities need to take immediate action.

7. Read the quotes and complete them with the words from the box.

creation inspiration evolution ability arguments humanity

a. “Genius is one percent and ninety-nine percent perspiration.” - Thomas Edison

b. “Silence is one of the hardest to refute.” – Josh Billings

c. “Nature used human imagination to lift her work of to even higher levels.” – Luigi Piradello

d. “For success, attitude is equally as important as .” – Walter Scott

e. “To deny people their human rights is to challenge their very .” – Nelson Mandela

f. “ is the fundamental idea in all of life science – in all of biology.” – Bill Nye

Source: www.brainyquote.com. Accessed on August 24, 2018.

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 Unit 6

8. Complete the root word with the correct suffix to form an adjective. You can choose from -ous, -able, -ful, -y, or -ly. Then use
the adjectives to fill in the blanks.
a. danger b. fam c. pain
d. help e. sun f. wind

a. The way to the stadium was slippery and for Edward to drive on a rainy day.
b. I personally know some of the most sports people in my country.
c. It was supposed to be today for the games, but it’s raining. I think we need to cancel them.
d. I tried wearing heels for a day, but it was . I wonder how women manage to run with heels on.
e. The surfers were really excited about the big waves because it was .
f. Anything you can tell us about the winners would be .

9. Underline the correct suffixes to complete the words.

a. I am look (ing / ed) for information about previous Olympic games, but there are too many book (s / es)
to choose from in the library.
b. The player who substituted for our goalkeeper was young (er / est) than me. In fact, he was the young
(er / est) player in the competition.
c. It was really thought (ful / less) of you to get me a ticket for the game, especially as my son had been so care
(ful / less) with the tickets we had bought before.
d. Are you look (ing / ed) for yesterday’s paper? After I look (ing / ed) at it, I put it in the recycl
(ing / ed) can.

AN EYE ON ENEM

ENEM 2016 – Prova Amarela

Questão 94

Orientações à população são encontradas também

em sites oficiais. Ao clicar no endereço eletrônico
mencionado no cartaz disponível na internet, o leitor
tem acesso aos(às)
a. ações do governo local referentes a calamidades.
b. relatos de sobreviventes em tragédias marcantes.
c. tipos de desastres naturais possíveis de acontecer.
d. informações sobre acidentes ocorridos em
Connecticut.
e. medidas de emergência a serem tomadas em
catástrofes.

Disponível em: www.ct.gov. Acesso em: 30 jul. 2012 (adaptado).

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Unit 7 Globish: Fad or Fact?

1. What do you remember about the meaning of globish? Read the text and answer the question: what is the European
form of globish? Using previous knowledge

www.economist.com/europe/2014/05/24/the-globish-speaking-union

Topics Current edition More Subscribe

WHAT language does Europe speak? France has lost its battle 15th, Alexis Tsipras, champion of a far-leŠ alliance, insisted
for French. Europeans now overwhelmingly opt for English. on speaking Greek. Jean-Claude Juncker, Luxembourg’s
The Eurovision song contest, won this month by an Austrian standard-bearer for the Christian Democrats, chose French.
cross-dresser, is mostly English-speaking, even if the votes The three others gamely abided by the request to speak
are translated into French. The European Union conducts ever English: two Germans, Martin Schulz and Ska Keller from the
more business in English. Interpreters sometimes feel they Social Democrats and Greens, respectively, and a Belgian, Guy
are speaking to themselves. Last year, Germany’s President, Verhofstadt, for the Liberals.
Joachim Gauck, argued for an English-speaking Europe:
[…]
national languages would be cherished for spirituality and
poetry alongside “a workable English for all of life’s situations Politics is surely best conducted in the vernacular. John
and all age groups”. Stuart Mill, for one, thought multilingual democracy a
nonsense because “the united public opinion, necessary to
Some detect a European form of global English (globish):
the working of a representative government, cannot exist.”
a patois with English physiognomy, cross-dressed with
Yet, as Switzerland shows, a country can have more than one
continental cadences and syntax, a train of EU institutional
vernacular. In theory that might work for Europe. Mr. Schulz
jargon and sequins of linguistic false friends (mostly French).
and Mr. Juncker got more prime-time attention when they
In Brussels “to assist” means to be present, not to help;
debated separately on French and German TV in the local
“to control” means to check, rather than to exercise power;
tongue. However, even the finest polyglot would struggle to
“adequate” means appropriate or suitable, rather than
reach voters in 24 official languages.
(barely) sufficient; and mass nouns are countable, such as
advice, informations, and aids. “Anglo-Saxon” is not a historical Philippe Van Parijs, a professor at Louvain University,
term referring to Germanic Tribes in Britain, but a political argues that European-level democracy does not require
insult followed by “capitalism” or even “press”. a homogenous culture, or ethnos; a common political
community, or demos, needs only a lingua franca. Was Nelson
Ordinary Europeans got a first taste of Euro-globish in
Mandela less democratic for speaking English in multi-ethnic
the televised debates among leading contenders for the
and multilingual South Africa? English is spreading fast, with
European election on May 22nd–25th. The idea of the main
more than 40% of young Europeans claiming to be able to
European political groups picking “Spitzenkandidaten” to
speak it in some form. The answer to Europe’s democratic
become the president of the European Commission is a
deficit, says Mr. Van Parijs, is to accelerate the process so that
novelty (and has created Brussels’s first German neologism
English is not just the language of an elite but also the means
in years). It is meant to close the democratic deficit, stir
for poorer Europeans to be heard. An approximate version
excitement, arrest the fall in turnout and check the rise of
of English, with a limited vocabulary of just a few hundred
anti-EU parties.
words, would suffice.
Of the five Spitzenkandidaten debating in Brussels on May
Extracted from www.economist.com/europe/2014/05/24/the-globish-speaking-union. Accessed on July 30, 2018.

2. Read the article and answer the following questions. Scanning

a. In which region does “adequate” mean “suitable”? What is the most common meaning of “adequate”?
b. Can you guess from the article the meaning of “Spitzenkandidaten”?
c. According to the passage, which country has more than one vernacular?
d. What do you call a person who can speak many languages?
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 Unit 7

3. Read the statements and write true (T) or false (F). 6. Rewrite the noun phrases with the appropriate possessive
Understanding details
pronouns replacing the underlined words.
a. Alejandro is your cousin, so is he my cousin, too?
a. ( ) “Anglo-Saxon” is a historical term referring to
Germanic tribes in Britain, but in Brussels it is
a political insult. b. Whose umbrella is this? Is it your umbrella?
b. ( ) Ordinary Europeans witnessed the first use of
Euro-globish in televised debates among leading
contenders for the European election on May 22nd–25th. c. Her eyes are blue; our eyes are brown.
c. ( ) During the debate in Brussels on May 15th,
Jean-Claude, Luxembourg’s standard-bearer for d. Is that your bottle? No, it’s my bottle.
the Christian Democrats, spoke in English.
d. ( ) Mr. Schulz and Mr. Juncker got no prime-time
attention when they debated separately on French e. Can you lend her your shoes? Her shoes are missing.
and German TV in the local tongue.
e. ( ) English is not just the language of an elite, but also
a way for poorer Europeans to be heard. 7. Rewrite the sentences using ’s or ’.

4. Unscramble the words to form questions. Answer them a. David and Lucy are siblings.
with your opinion.
a. meaning / of / is / Globish / the / what / ? b. All the employees have put their cell phones in the locker.

b. language / official / does / one / Europe / have/ ? c. Mr. and Mrs. Rodrigues have a son, Miguel.

c. become / did / world’s / English / language / the / how / ? d. Alice makes delicious salads.

d. prefer / do / Globish / you / in / English / or / speaking / ?

e. Juan was born on April 30th.

e. English / is / different / Globish / from / ?

f. The party was at the house of Maria, near the beach.

5. Write the correct form of the possessives in the blanks. g. My colleagues have a house next door to ours.
a. (People) faith in their own
capabilities grows when they see their friends having h. That notebook belongs to Gloria.
positive experiences with radical change.
b. Did you watch (yesterday) game?
c. Where is the (ladies) showroom? 8. Complete the quote with a pronoun. Then check ( )
the correct option.
d. The pudding would not be to
(everyone) taste. I have my flaws, but I embrace them and
e. and (Anna I love them because they are .
Winnie Harlow
/ Elle) mother invited us to her party.
f. These are our (friends) in our Source: www.brainyquote.com. Accessed on August, 9, 2018.
garden.
g. I believe (Ross) English dictionary The word you completed it with is a...
app isn’t the best one. ( ) subject pronoun.
h. My (parents) friend speaks four ( ) possessive adjective.
languages fluently. ( ) possessive pronoun.

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 9. Complete the sentences with possessive adjectives and f. Whenever she complains about her town
possessive pronouns. and wants to leave, I remind her that
.
a. Mary has own closet and Mark has .
g. When the bell rang, the teacher told the students
b. She had created this problem and now it was
.
to face alone.
c. Paul and Sabrina’s work isn’t finished yet, but Lara and h. Juan was
when he discovered that he had been selected to the
Claire finished yesterday.
soccer team.
d. The article on the first page is . I wrote it
i. I always get
last month.
when I have to speak in public, but I guess it is normal to
e. The money is , not . You and I feel nervous before it.
worked for it, not only me. j. This activity is really easy. It’s
!
10. Identify if the word in bold is a possessive adjective (A) or
a possessive pronoun (P). 12. Check ( ) the option with the correct meaning of the
idiom / phrase.
a. ( ) These are Ana’s books. Mine are at home. a. These two languages have no similarity whatsoever! They
b. ( ) Theirs is the largest English-speaking country. are apples and oranges.
c. ( ) When you travel, you can take your work with you. ( ) Both languages are like fruits.
( ) The languages are very different from each other.
d. ( ) Her name is fancier than mine.
( ) The languages have great similarities.
e. ( ) A friend of hers who is a florist asks if she can
advertise on the site. b. José was accusing us of stealing his charger until he
found it, and now he’s trying to sweep it under the rug.
11. Complete the sentences below with the idioms in the box. ( ) José thinks that his charger will be safer if he hides
it under the rug.
the grass is always greener on the other side
( ) José wants to do something to make up for
know your onions his mistake.
on cloud nine ( ) José wants to pretend that the incident
never happened.
know it by heart
c. You might think Elizabeth is a kid who has it easy, but if
have a finger in every pie you saw the list of chores her parents give her,
a piece of cake I guarantee that you wouldn’t want to be in her shoes.
( ) You wouldn’t want your shoes to get as dirty as
give it your best shot
Elizabeth’s when she’s doing her chores.
to hit the road ( ) If you had to do as many chores as Elizabeth, you’d
cold feet want a pair of comfortable shoes.
( ) Elizabeth has so many chores to do that it is
every nook and cranny
unpleasant to imagine being her.
a. They always need to be involved in every project! They d. Look at Amanda! She seems to be drawn to painting, just
! like her father! Well, an apple doesn’t fall far from the tree.
( ) Amanda looks just like her father.
b. I was able to finish the exam quickly
because I always read about this topic. I ( ) Amanda’s painting and her father’s painting look similar.
. ( ) Amanda’s interest in painting is the same as
her father’s.
c. You should study a lot harder to make sure you
e. Anna says she doesn’t need any more practice for her
. piano concert. She knows the song by heart.
d. I looked in , ( ) She knows the song as much as she knows her heart.
but I couldn’t find what I was looking for. ( ) She knows the song very well and needs no
e. I know the homework is difficult but . extra practice.
( ) She sings the song about heart and love.

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 Unit 7

13. Complete the article with the words from the box.

common distinction work permit fluent generation vocabulary

fill eloquence qualified oblivious mile held

Sir,
As always in his take on Globish, Simon Kuper hits the nail right on the head (FT Magazine, January 13/14).
A must be made between spoken and written Globish. Spoken Globish is fine – we are thankful
that there is one language in which conferences can be , even if the effortless
of speeches or the witty banter during coffee breaks remain the preserve of the Brits.
But written Globish doesn’t cut it, ever. A European speaker of English, having learned it as a second language in
school, may feel to write entire articles or web texts in the language (ouch). But native English
speakers can tell from a away this is Globish, while the person in Globish is
to any wrongdoing.
This is good news for subeditors – or (former) translators into English. Obviously, post-Brexit, British subeditors wanting
to ply their trade in the EU will need a .
So, either the Irish will these posts or Globish might become the new national language of the
EU – just until the new that speaks less Globish and more English […] have brushed up on their
idioms (and use them correctly), lost their accent, and expanded their .
Extracted from www.economist.com/europe/2014/05/24/the-globish-speaking-union. Accessed on Jul 30, 2018.

AN EYE ON ENEM

ENEM 2016 – Prova azul

Questão 93

Italian university switches to English

By Sean Coughlan, BBC News education correspondent 16 May 2012 Last updated at 09:49 GMT

Milan is crowded with Italian icons, which makes it even more of a cultural earthquake that one of Italy’s leading
universities—the Politecnico di Milano—is going to switch to the English language. The university has announced
that from 2014 most of its degree courses—including all its graduate courses—will be taught and assessed entirely
in English rather than Italian.
The waters of globalization are rising around higher education—and the university believes that if it remains
Italian-speaking it risks isolation and will be unable to compete as an international institution. “We strongly believe
our classes should be international classes—and the only way to have international classes is to use the English
language,” says the university rector, Giovanni Azzone.
COUGHLAN, S. Disponível em: bbc.co.uk. Acesso em: 31 jul. 2012.

As línguas têm um papel importante na comunicação entre pessoas de diferentes culturas. Diante do movimento de
internacionalização no ensino superior, a universidade Politecnico di Milano decidiu
a. elaborar exames em língua inglesa para o ingresso na universidade.
b. ampliar a oferta de vagas na graduação para alunos estrangeiros.
c. investir na divulgação da universidade no mercado internacional.
d. substituir a língua nacional para se inserir no contexto da globalização.
e. estabelecer metas para melhorar a qualidade do ensino de italiano.

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Unit 8 Hit the Road

1. Read the packing list below and answer the question: who is this text for? Identifying the target audience

Family vacation packing list: the ultimate guide

BY Sally Peck, FAMILY TRAVEL AND BEACHES EDITOR
Follow
20 JUNE 2017 • 12:30PM

M
y grandmother never goes anywhere without ( ) 10 medication (anything you regularly take
a bathing suit and a book – if things are going plus Calpol) and a copy of your family’s
well, she reasons, she’ll get to use both. Make prescriptions
this your policy. ( ) 11 first aid kit
There are, of course, a few other practical things to
consider. Check the items below off of your packing […]
list […].
( ) 12 face wash in a small container, if you’re flying
[…]
For any holiday… ( ) 13 moisturizer

( ) 1 driver’s license, code for rental car; email a ( ) 14 shampoo and conditioner for all
copy of both to yourself
( ) 15 toothbrushes and toothpaste
( ) 2 tickets for plane, train or bus
( ) 16 glasses or contact lenses plus case and
( ) 3 cell phone and charger lens solution
( ) 4 music on your device of choice for playing in ( ) 17 sunglasses
the car (and relevant cable)
( ) 18 hairbrushes for young and old, plus hair clips
( ) 5 wallet with credit and debit cards and
some cash ( ) 19 books and magazines for all ages

( ) 6 keys ( ) 20 tablet loaded with programs viewable offline

for planes or cars
( ) 7 camera and charger
[…]
( ) 8 backpack or another hands-free bag for
carrying around daily essentials ( ) 21 playing cards

( ) 9 clothes: socks; shoes (at least two pairs); pants; ( ) 22 extra bag for dirty laundry
bras; shorts; shirts; warm layers; bathing suit;
rainy day gear; pajamas ( ) 23 water bottle to refill
Adapted from www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/family-holidays/family-holiday-packing-list-the-
ultimate-guide/. Accessed on November 12, 2018.

2. Read the text and underline the correct statement(s) about checklists. Identifying features of the genre

Checklists…
a. contain long paragraphs explaining a subject.
b. contain a set of items rather than long paragraphs.
c. can be long or short.
d. are always long.

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 Unit 8

3. Read the text again and check ( ) the correct alternative. Scanning
a. Which of the following categories can you find most in the list?
( ) electronics
( ) hygiene items and medication
( ) food items
b. Which of the following categories does not appear in the text?
( ) food items ( ) documents ( ) accessories
c. Which of the following items from the list could you use on rainy days during your vacation?
( ) sunglasses ( ) playing cards ( ) bathing suit ( ) passport
d. Which of the following items will you need if you get sick?
( ) moisturizer
( ) a hairbrush
( ) medication
e. Which of the following items are not used for entertainment purposes?
( ) books and magazines
( ) playing cards
( ) a backpack
4. Complete the sentences with used to, didn’t use to, or did… use to.
a. be blond! I remember your hair being darker.
b. she travel by train with you?
c. They like traveling by plane, but now they do it all the time.
d. Carla take lots of things in her hand luggage, but now she takes just the essentials.
e. Joey make a packing list before traveling, but now he always makes one.
f. Security be so strict in airports. It is much stricter nowadays.
g. Andy take to the road every weekend before he met you?
h. I bring any snacks with me on my road trips, but now I always have something to eat.

5. Underline the correct options to complete the sentences.

a. At first I pay attention to the safety instructions at the beginning of a flight, but now I always do.
a. used to b. didn’t use to c. didn’t used to

b. He several books a month, but he doesn’t have time any more.

a. used to reading b. used to read c. use to read

c. Did Sarah fasten her seatbelt during takeoff? She didn’t fasten it this time.
a. used to b. use to c. used

d. Caroline the bus, but now she walks to work.

a. used to take b. was used to taking c. is used to take

e. He a lot of poems when he was younger.

a. used to wrote b. used to written c. used to write
f. When Pete Smith was the head of our office, everything well organized. Now it’s total chaos here.
a. use to be b. used to be c. used to being

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 6. Complete the sentences with must or must not and the verbs in parentheses.
a. Passengers (talk) to the driver while the bus is in motion.
b. I really loved your company. We (meet) more often.
c. I (finish) this project today. It has to be handed in by tomorrow.
d. We (miss) the train, because it’s the last one.
e. I (eat) too much or I’ll get fat.
f. He had been working for more than 11 hours. He (be) tired after a long day.

7. Read the article and match the words in bold with their meanings.

Back when the TSA first introduced its 3-1-1 rules for carry-on liquids, a traveler named Ashley
inadvertently tried to bring a large, expensive bottle of shampoo through airport security. When the
TSA officer threatened to confiscate the shampoo, Ashley returned to her airline’s counter to check
her bag. The line was long, and she was in danger of missing her flight. She begged a nearby airline
staffer to let her skip to the front of the line; he refused. Only when Ashley started to cry did the
red-faced airline worker begrudgingly allow her to bypass the line.
She made her flight with minutes to spare – but the airline subsequently lost her checked bag.
Says Ashley, “If I had known how much trouble the whole thing would be, I would have just
forfeited the shampoo.”
When it comes to packing, a small mistake like putting a prohibited item in your carry-on bag can
snowball into a messy chain of events. Fortunately, travelers faced with similar packing problems
don’t have to rely on tears to save their vacations. Whether you’re dealing with a confiscated item in
the security line, a surplus of souvenirs, a nasty spill, or a broken bag, a bit of packing emergency
know-how can mean the difference between a disaster and a worry-free getaway.
Many travelers forget to save a little extra space in their suitcase for souvenirs. Others only travel
with a carry-on, which means that some souvenirs they might purchase, like liquid-filled snow globes,
may be prohibited past the airport security checkpoint. […]
Many travelers ship souvenirs back home – especially large or fragile things like handmade Moroccan
rugs or Waterford crystal. A reputable shop that caters largely to tourists (and sells big and expensive
items like furniture) will likely ship your goods back home right from the store. However, without
shipping insurance or a tracking number, you have little control over the fate of your purchase.
Extracted from www.smartertravel.com/2017/06/19/5-worst-packing-problems-solve. Accessed on July 31, 2018.

a. : say that something is not permitted or allowed

b. : trust or depend on someone or something to do what you need or expect them to do
c. : respected for being honest or for doing good work
d. : officially take private property away from someone, usually as a punishment
e. : easily broken or damaged
f. : an amount of something that is more than what is needed or used; excess
g. : objects that you buy or keep to remind yourself of a special occasion or a place you have visited
h. : do something reluctantly because you feel angry, envious, or upset
i. : accidently, without realizing what you are doing
j. : asked for something in an anxious or urgent way, because you wanted it very much

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 Unit 8

8. Check ( ) the correct options.

a. What do you call the feeling of confusion and tiredness you have after flying a very long distance?
( ) toll ( ) jet lag ( ) turbulence ( ) deck
b. What do you call a large open container pulled by a train and used to carry goods?
( ) gate ( ) rail pass ( ) wagon ( ) cruise
c. What do you call the place at an airport through which people and goods arriving in a country must pass and where any tax
owed must be paid?
( ) lifeboat ( ) customs ( ) rail pass ( ) gate
d. What do you call a vacation on a large ship?
( ) cruise ( ) toll ( ) lifeboat ( ) boat
e. What do you call the irregular and violent movements of air or water that are caused by the wind?
( ) toll ( ) lifeboat ( ) turbulence ( ) deck

AN EYE ON ENEM
ENEM 2013 - Prova Cinza
Questão 95
Do one thing for diversity and inclusion
The United Nations Alliance of Civilizations (UNAOC) is launching a campaign aimed at engaging people around
the world to Do One Thing to support Cultural Diversity and Inclusion. Every one of us can do ONE thing for diversity
and inclusion; even one very little thing can become a global action if we all take part in it.
Simple things YOU can do to celebrate the World Day for Cultural Diversity
for Dialogue and Development on May 21.
1. Visit an art exhibit or a museum dedicated to other cultures.
2. Read about the great thinkers of other cultures.
3. Visit a place of worship other than yours and participate in the celebration.
4. Spread your own culture around the world and learn about other cultures.
5. Explore music of a different culture.
There are thousands of things that you can do, are you taking part in it?
UNITED NATIONS ALLIANCE OF CIVILIZATIONS. Disponível em: www.unaoc.org. Acesso em: 16 fev. 2013 (adaptado).

Internautas costumam manifestar suas opiniões sobre artigos on-line por meio da postagem de comentários.
O comentário que exemplifica o engajamento proposto na quarta dica da campanha apresentada no texto é:
a. “Lá na minha escola, aprendi a jogar capoeira para uma apresentação no Dia da Consciência Negra.”
b. “Outro dia assisti na TV uma reportagem sobre respeito à diversidade. Gente de todos os tipos, várias tribos. Curti
bastante.”
c. “Eu me inscrevi no Programa Jovens Embaixadores para mostrar o que tem de bom em meu país e conhecer outras
formas de ser.”
d. “Curto muito bater papo na internet. Meus amigos estrangeiros me ajudam a aperfeiçoar minha proficiência em
língua estrangeira.”
e. “Pesquisei em sites de culinária e preparei uma festa árabe para uns amigos da escola. Eles adoraram,
principalmente, os doces!”

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 AUDIO SCRIPTS

Unit 1 meals” and they also note the importance of meal times by
Track 02 – Activity 3 including, “Allow plenty of time for eating and enjoy mealtimes”.
a. “We are able to move to these foreign countries where We now move continents to South Africa. South Africa only
we don’t know the language, we don’t know the lifestyle, shows food groups that should be eaten that are necessary for
and adapt fairly quickly.” health and do not include groups that should be limited such
Extracted from https://edition.cnn.com/videos/us/2018/01/12/ as salt and processed foods. They also encourage local and
Accessed on March 7, 2018. affordable foods.
b. “When Mexico sends its people, they’re not sending the While we are in Africa we will visit Namibia. The Namibia food
best. They’re sending people that have lots of problems guide shows only 4 groups – cereals and cereal products,
and they’re bringing those problems.” vegetables and fruits, beans, and fats, oils, and sugar.
Extracted from www.cbsnews.com/pictures/wild-donald-trump-quotes/9.
Accessed on May 6, 2018.
Now we make our stopover in Singapore. Singapore uses a My
Healthy Plate model and reminds people to “Use My Healthy
c. “I don’t feel as though I have to validate my existence Plate to achieve a balanced diet that provides all the nutrients
as a citizen of the United States or of the world by my
you need each day”.
accomplishments but all of my accomplishments are
driven by my family and where we’re from.” Adapted from https://thedietitianspantry.com/2015/04/01/dietary-guidelines-around-the-world/.
Accessed on June 29, 2018.
Extracted from https://edition.cnn.com/videos/us/2018/01/12/
Accessed on March 7, 2018. Unit 3
d. “We have learned to love this country, Mr. President. Track 05 – Activity 2
This country does not belong to you only, but it belongs
1. “If you follow Facebook, you know that when they decide
to all of us.”
they want to enter a market, they can absolutely crush
Extracted from https://edition.cnn.com/videos/us/2018/01/12/immigrants-respond-to- a competitor. Last year, they decided to copy Snapchat
president-trump-orig-tc.cnn/video/playlists/trumps-shithole-comment-and-reaction
Accessed on March 7, 2018. stories, introduce that feature. And now Snapchat is
really struggling.”
e. “Make us feel safe. We need to feel safe in this country.
Extracted from www.npr.org/2018/05/02/607817969/facebook-to-join-the-dating-game-as
I think there’s a great divide between the races” -privacy-concerns-abound. Accessed on May 14, 2018.
Extracted from www.usatoday.com/pages/interactives/trump-nation/#/?_k=wi8jwl
Accessed on May 7, 2018. 2. “Well, I haven’t quit Facebook. But I think a lot about what
happens when I open the app – the good and bad about
f. “I believe that he will make America great again and that my complicated relationship with Facebook and social
means a return of jobs. So, in that manner maybe I will media in general.”
find employment.”
Extracted from www.npr.org/2018/04/12/601951556/can-social-media-have-a-structure-
Extracted from www.usatoday.com/pages/interactives/trump-nation/#/?_k=wi8jwl. that-does-more-good-than-harm. Accessed on May 14, 2018.
Accessed on May 7, 2018.
3. “How do we proceed so that – just like earlier
Unit 2 technologies – we no longer have lead in paint. Our cars
Tracks 03 and 04 – Activities 2 and 3 have seatbelts and emission controls and airbags, right?
Join me as I travel the globe in search of nutrition guidelines! We need to put the safety and oversight to our digital
tools so that they’re not a surveilance machine.”
We begin our journey in Antigua & Barbuda! Antigua & Barbuda
Extracted from www.npr.org/2018/04/12/601951556/can-social-media-have-a-structure-
have opted for a Food Guide Pineapple which divides foods into that-does-more-good-than-harm. Accessed on May 14, 2018.
7 groups: starchy foods; vegetables; fruits; food from animals;
peas, beans & nuts; fats & oils; sugars and sweeteners. 4. “A lot of people are feeling guilty that they’re using
Facebook, and my response is don’t. It’s a great product
Next stop is Guyana. Why not display dietary guidelines in a in many ways.”
way that people can easily identify with such as a Stew Pot!? Extracted from www.npr.org/2018/04/12/601951556/can-social-media-have-a-structure-
Include in your stew staples, vegetables, fruits, legumes, food that-does-more-good-than-harm. Accessed on May 14, 2018.
from animals and fats.
5. “For all the talk of innovation, Silicon Valley right
Over we go to Germany. Here we find a German Nutrition now is a very boring place. Everybody’s trying to get
Circle. The circle is divided into food groups with numbers purchased by Facebook or Google. That is not an
representing the quantity to consume, 1 being eat most, 6 innovative landscape.
eat least, and 7 includes water which sits in the middle. An Extracted from www.npr.org/2018/04/12/601951556/can-social-media-have-a-structure-
interesting message they promote is, “Do not overcook your that-does-more-good-than-harm. Accessed on May 14, 2018.

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 Unit 4 Unit 6
Track 06 – Activity 3 Track 08 – Activity 2
Don’t let the bully control every day. Every day should be Millennial sports fans are bypassing cable television and
your day, every day should be something that you are in abandoning traditional sports for online video game
control of. Every day, if you feel like you can’t leave the tournaments and other “eSports.” Both developments spell a
potential headache for professional sports teams, leagues,
house so you feel like you can’t go and play football or broadcast partners, and other stakeholders.
tennis or cricket or you feel like you can’t go around your
friend’s house or you feel like you can’t go to the shop Sports fandom is marked by a sharp generational divide. […]
Non-millennial sports fans report spending 41 percent of their
because you’re scared and you want to avoid this person
media time on TV, but only nine percent of it on online TV.
like I felt every day, surround yourself with the people that Millennial sports fans report spending much less of their media
love and care for you, find the courage somewhere, talk to time (33 percent) on TV - but 20 percent of that TV time is online.
people. That’s what I wish I did. […]
Extracted from www.youtube.com/watch?v=BCABNJKoklU. Accessed on May 20, 2018. Based on a survey of more than 1,500 U.S. sports fans conducted
in the third quarter of 2016, the study also shows that millennial
Unit 5 sports fans with at least a “little bit” of interest in eSports
Track 07 – Activity 1 significantly prefer their favorite eSports to traditional sports -
27 percent for millennials, versus 13 percent for non-millennial
Occasionally I wonder whether I chose the wrong path in life. sports fans.
If I’d put the same amount of work into an office job or a trade
instead of sculpting I may have been much better off financially, These changes are likely to have implications on viewership for
professional sports leagues like the NFL, MLB, and NASCAR, and
but probably not spiritually.
networks like ESPN, Fox Sports, and individual teams.
I was one of five children of immigrant Irish parents and Extracted from www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/millennials-abandon-sports-
grew up hand-to-mouth, for my mother died when I was 10 on-tv-posing-threat-to-teams-leagues-broadcast-partners-finds-study-from-lek-
and my father had to bring us up on his clerk’s salary. My consulting-300423351.html. Accessed on September 25, 2018.

parents had that immigrant aspiration for us all and insisted Unit 7
we study for the 11-plus. We all got into grammar school
where the expectation was that we’d join the professional Track 09 – Activity 2
upper middle class. Will English always be the global language?

I tried accountancy but it nearly killed me with boredom and Asking about the future of language is... that way madness
I dropped out of art college when my father’s house was lies. Who would have predicted, a thousand years ago, that
repossessed. I then got into sign-writing for a supermarket Latin would no longer be used in a thousand years’ time by
and painted about 60 signs a day for £5.50 an hour which was hardly anybody? You know, I mean obviously Latin is still
decent money in the 80s. used in certain circumstances, but it would not be the normal
education to be fluent in Latin. If you’d said that a thousand
One night I saw a program on TV about the Sir Henry Doulton years ago people would have said you were mad. So, in a
Sculpture School in Stoke where students were given funding thousand years’ time, will English still be a global language?
for fees and living costs. I immediately knew that’s where I We could all be speaking Martian, by then, if they land, and
wanted to go. […] take over. You know who knows what’s going to happen? To
ask about the future of languages is to really ask about the
Life changed when I was commissioned to sculpt a herd of
future of... society. And futurologists are just as unclear about
bronze Jersey cows for the town square in St Helier. The fee
what will happen eventually as I am about language. Because
was £220,000 for two years’ work and that included the cost of
language, you see, is global for one reason only, and that is
the bronze and other expenses, but what was left over enabled the power of the people who speak it. Power always drives
me to self-certify for a massive mortgage and buy a £235,000 language. There is no other reason to speak somebody else’s
smallholding on the Scottish coast in 2002. language other than you want to improve your quality of life, or
[…] you want to influence them in some way, or whatever it might
be. I mean the tradition in English, of course, English became
You need strong motivation to make a living as an artist, but global for a whole variety of reasons. First of all, the power of
if I’d stayed with accountancy I wouldn’t have met my wife, the British Empire. Later, the power of American imperialism.
had my three children, or lived in this glorious place. There’s Later, in the 17 th century, the power of the Industrial Revolution,
a saying up here, “What is meant for you doesn’t pass by you”, which meant that the language of science and technology
and for me that has always been true. became English, predominantly. In the 19th century, the power
Adapted from www.theguardian.com/money/2018/oct/20/its-precarious-being-an-artist-you- of money. Money talks. And the two most productive nations
have-lean-and-hectic-years. Accessed on December 13, 2018. of the world were Britain and America, both using English. So,

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 the language of international banking became the pound and through the length of the Soviet Union. It took him
the dollar. English, once again. And then, in the 20th century, four and a half months, and he then wrote a now
cultural power, as you all know, because every aspect of classic book, “The Great Railway Bazaar,” which many
culture you’ve encountered has some sort of history in the credit as the start of a new kind of travel literature.
English language, like pop songs, for example, international
More than three decades later, Theroux retraced his
advertising, air traffic control, the development of radio and
steps as much as he could. There are new train routes,
television, the development of the internet. Internet, 100
different landscapes, new borders, and different
percent an English-language medium when it started, but
political realities, and he chronicles that trip in his
today, only a fraction of the Internet is English. Internet has
new book, “Ghost Train to the Eastern Star.” If you’d
become multilingual. So what’s going to happen next? English
like to talk with Paul Theroux about his travels, about
will stay a global language as long as certain things happen.
what’s changed, and what hasn’t, along the way, our
First of all, that the nations that are the recognized as the most
phone number is 800-989-8255. The email address is
powerful nations in the world continue to use English, and all
[email protected], and you can join the conversation on
the other nations want to be like them, or want to interact
with them, or want to sell things to them, and so on. And so, our blog. That’s at npr.org/blogofthenation. While
English will stay like that for as long as those nations retain you’re there, you can go to our blog and read an
that kind of power. We’re talking mainly America here, aren’t excerpt from “Ghost Train to the Eastern Star.” That’s
we, predominantly? On the other hand, it doesn’t take a… it at npr.org/blogofthenation.
isn’t rocket science to think of scenarios where, for whatever Extracted from www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=93702596.
reason, American power diminishes, the power of some other Accessed on June 10, 2018.

nations grow...eh... grows, and you get other parts of the Track 11 – Activity 3
world becoming more dominant and, you know, people say,
well what about Chinese, for one day, may be. At the moment, CONAN: And we’re having some difficulty with the studio in
there’s no sign of China... China wanting Chinese to be a global Massachusetts where Paul Theroux is going to join us,
language because they’re all learning English in China, for the some technical problems. He’s there. We’ll be ready to
most part. But you could imagine a scenario where it was the go in just a moment. But in the meantime, why don’t
other way around. You can imagine a scenario in Spanish, we read some excerpts from the “Ghost Train to the
Spanish is the fastest-growing language in the world at the Eastern Star”? And this is the beginning:
moment, population-wise. Because of South America and “You think of travelers as bold, but our guilty secret
Central America, and increasingly in North America, Spanish is that travel is one of the laziest ways on Earth of
is becoming very widely used. You can imagine a scenario passing the time. Travel is not merely the business
where, one day, we might all end up speaking Spanish. In of being bone-idle, but also an elaborate bumming
another scenario, you can imagine one day we might all end evasion allowing us to call attention to ourselves with
up speaking Arabic. For reasons that are perfectly obvious to our conspicuous absence while we intrude upon other
anybody who looks at the world. So, all of these things could people’s privacy”.
happen. At the moment, there’s no sign of a diminution in the
prestige of English. The desire to learn English. The figures Well, Paul Theroux, the author of “The Great Railway
are going up, and up, and up every year. At the moment, over Bazaar” and “Ghost Train to the Eastern Star”, is now
2 billion people speak English. There’s never been so many with us. He’s at the studios of WCAI, the Cape and
people speaking one language before, and there’s no sign of Islands’ NPR station in Woods Hole, Massachusetts,
any slackening off in that progress. So, the long-term future, and it’s nice to have you with us today.
no idea. The short-term future, no change. PAUL THEROUX: Hi. Neal, can you hear me?
Extracted from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Kvs8SxN8mc. Accessed on July 13, 2018.
C: Yes, you’re on the air.
Unit 8 P: Ah, fine. (Soundbite of laughter)
Track 10 – Activity 2 C: I’m glad you made it.
CONAN: This is Talk of the Nation. I’m Neal Conan in Washington.
P: No, I made it, but I’m using a common or garden-type
In 1973, Paul Theroux said goodbye to his wife and
telephone.
children in London and set off on a journey that
would make his career and change his life. Theroux C: Well, we’ll try to get the better connection up as soon
was a novelist then, out of ideas, and he hoped that as we can figure out the technical problems.
a trip across Europe and Asia and back would inspire
P: OK, that’s great. I heard your introduction, anyway.
a new book. Theroux boarded the Golden Arrow, took
the ferry to France, transferred to the Orient Express, C: Well, many of our listeners will well remember you
and rode the rails east to Iran and Afghanistan, India, as a marvelous traveling companion 35 years ago. You
Burma, Vietnam, China, and Japan, then home again described yourself in this book as jolly in those days.

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 P: I’ve always been jolly. You know, if you’re a traveler,
you need to be optimistic and be in a fairly good
mood. I have a reputation for being cantankerous
and gloomy, but actually, you can’t travel in that
mood. And I’ve always been, I think, in a good mood,
thinking there’s going to be something good around
the corner, even if the corner happens to be Gori in
western Georgia.
Extracted from www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=93702596.
Accessed on June 10, 2018.

Track 12 – Activity 4
C: You rode the Orient Express, but we should be clear,
the Orient Express you took was the local, not the
luxury, train. In fact, you write that luxury is the enemy
of observation.
P: It is. Luxury is the enemy. With luxury, all you say is,
I had a nice time. And I don’t want to say I had an
awful time, but I’d like to, you know, see something,
do something. I took the train from Thailand, from
Bangkok to the border, Aranyaprathet, but I took a bus
because there was no train to Siem Reap. And when I
got off the bus in Siem Reap to go to Angkor, I had the
option of, you know, lots of hotels but — Siem Reap is
a city now of a million people. So, they have five-star
hotels and four-star hotels. They have casinos. They
have girly shows. They have really everything you want
if you’re stupid.
But I stayed in a hotel called the Green Town Guest
house for 10 dollars a night. And to do laundry was a
dollar for two kilos. And I thought, I could stay here for
the next two years, you know, at 10 dollars night. I saw
some grizzled old men doing pretty much that, actually
long-term residents. So, you don’t — it wasn’t that I was
— I didn’t want luxury. I thought, this is really pleasant,
staying in a place with a courtyard. Eating noodles and
paying 10 bucks a night was really pleasant.
I don’t know what my total trip cost but some parts were
incredibly expensive. Japan is an expensive country.
The Trans-Siberian is expensive. But in general, you can
get along quite cheaply if you put your mind to it and
you don’t mind a few cockroaches.
Extracted from www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=93702596.
Accessed on June 10, 2018.

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