Arithmetic Operators

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 Arithmetic Operators
• Shortcut assignment
• Prefix form
• Postfix form
 Arithmetic Expression
• Precedence rules
• Evaluate the expression
• Assignment operator syntax
• What is stored? example-1,example-2

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 Explicit Type Conversion
 Math in C
• Simple equations
• Complex math
• Function
• Math library
• Math library examples

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Arithmetic Meaning Examples
Operator
+ addition 5+2 is 7
5.0+2.0 is 7.0
- subtraction 5-2 is 3
5.0–2.0 is 3.0
* multiplication 5*2 is 10
5.0*2.0 is 10.0
/ division 5.0/2.0 is 2.5
5/2 is 2
% remainder 5%2 is 1
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 the result of the division operator depends on the
type of its operands

 if one or both operands has a floating point type,
the result is a floating point type. Otherwise, the
result is an integer type
 Examples
 11 / 4 = 2.75 or 2
15 / 3 = 5
16 / 3 = 5

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 The modulus operator % can only be used
with integer type operands and always has an
integer type result
 Its result is the integer type remainder of an
integer division
EXAMPLE
3%5=35%3=2 4%5=4 5%4=1
5%5=06%5=1 7%5=2 8%5=3
15 % 6 = 3 15 % 5 = 0

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7
 Prefix
operator

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9
 An expression is a valid arrangement of
variables, constants, and operators.

 In C each expression can be evaluated to

compute a value of a given type

 The value of the expression

9.3 * 4.5 is 41.85

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1) Brackets : Left to right, inner to outer
2) Unary, Multiplication, division, modulus:
left to right
3) Addition and subtraction : Left to right

Binary Operators in the same level (such as + and -)

are of equal priority and are evaluated left to right.
Unary Operators in the same level (such as + and -)
are of equal priority and are evaluated right to left.
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z – (a + b / 2) + w * -y
Given z = 8, a = 3, b = 9, w = 2, y = -5
8 – (3 + 9 / 2) + 2 * - -5
(Step-1) 9/2 = 4
8 – (3 + 4) + 2 * - -5
(Step-2) (3+4) = 7
8 – 7 + 2 * - -5
(Step-3) --5=5
8–7+2*5
(Step-4) 2 * 5 = 10
8 – 7 + 10
(Step-5) 8–7=1
1 + 10
(Step-6) 1 + 10 = 11
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 Variable = Expression

1) First, Expression on right is evaluated

2) Then the resulting value is stored in the
memory location of Variable on left

NOTE: An automatic type conversion occurs

after evaluation but before the value is
stored if the types differ for Expression
and Variable

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float someFloat;
?

someFloat

someFloat = 12; // causes implicit type conversion

12.0

someFloat
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int someInt;
?

someInt

someInt = 4.8; // causes implicit type conversion

someInt
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(int)4.8 has value 4

(float)5 has value 5.0

(float)(7/4) has value 1.0

(float)7 / (float)4 has value 1.75

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#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
int total_score, num_students;
double average;
printf(“Enter sum of students’ scores> ”);
scanf(“%d”, &total_score);
printf(“Enter sum of students> ”);
scanf(“%d”, &num_students);

average = (double) total_score / (double) num_students;

printf(“Average score is %.2f\n”, average);

return(0);

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 b2 - 4ac
 a+b
 c+d
 1
1 +x2

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 How do you do |x| ? y ? Z34 ?
 C provides no operators for that !
 However, we can use some ready-
made (predefined) functions to do
them.

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 First: What is a function?
A subprogram used to do a certain task. A function
has zero or more inputs ( called parameters), and
zero or one output (called return value)
 We will study functions in more detail later.

Inputs function Output

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 The C math library provides a lot of useful
predefined math functions
 Before you use them, remember to include the
math library in your code:
#include <math.h>
 function sqrt:
y = sqrt ( x );

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sin(x) cos(x) tan(x)

sqrt(x) pow(x,y)

log(x) log10(x) exp(x)

fabs(x) floor(x) ceil(x)

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 Write a program to get the roots of a
quadratic equation, given the 3 coefficients
a, b, and c,
a x2 + b x + c = 0

 b  b 2  4ac  b  b 2  4ac
Root1= Root2=
2a 2a
disc = pow(b,2) – 4 * a * c;
root_1 = (-b + sqrt(disc)) / (2 * a);
root_2 = (-b - sqrt(disc)) / (2 * a);
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Write a program to get the third side of a triangle
(a), given the lengths of the other two sides (b,
and c), and the angle  using the formula
a2 = b2 + c2 – 2bc cos 

b a

c
rad_angle = alpha * PI / 180;
a = sqrt(pow(b,2) + pow(c,2) – 2 * b * c *
cos(rad_angle);
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