DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES

COMPETITION IN INDUSTRY
PROJECT DETAIL REPORT
TEMPLATE
Team Name:
Team ID:
Application ID:

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Table of contents
1. REPORT SUMMARY (10 POINTS)..........................................................3
2. TEAM CHART (5 POINTS).....................................................................3
3. PROJECT CURRENT STATUS ASSESSMENT (5 POINTS)........................3
4. VEHICLE DESIGN (40 POINTS).............................................................3
4.1. System Design (10 Points).........................................................................................3
4.2. Mechanical Design of the Vehicle..............................................................................3
4.2.1. Mechanical Design Process (3 Points)...................................................................3
4.2.2. Ingredients (3 Points)..............................................................................................4
4.2.3. Production Methods (2 Points)................................................................................4
4.2.4. Physical Characteristics (2 Points).........................................................................4
4.3. Electronic Design, Algorithm and Software Design....................................................4
4.3.1. Electronic Design Process (3 Points)......................................................................4
4.3.2. Algorithm Design Process (3 Points)......................................................................4
4.3.3. Software Design Process (4 Points).......................................................................4
4.4. External Interfaces (10 Points)...................................................................................5
5. SECURITY (10 POINTS)........................................................................5
6. TEST (5 POINTS).................................................................................5
7. EXPERIENCE (5 POINTS)......................................................................5
8. TIME, BUDGET AND RISK PLANNING (5 POINTS).................................5
9. ORIGINALITY AND LOCALITY (5 POINTS).............................................5
10. COMMERCIALIZATION POTENTIAL (5 POINTS).....................................6
11. BIBLIOGRAPHY (5 Points)....................................................................6

1. REPORT SUMMARY (10 POINTS)----(Ehtesham)

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 Team Baitussalam has been tirelessly working on completing our project. After
finalizing the 3D design, we immediately started the work on the circuits and
electronics for our robot. One of our biggest challenges was organizing the
wiring and circuits in a way that facilitated easy access without creating a
mess inside the robot. Our Mechanical team carefully crafted the robot,
anticipating and addressing potential issues. This phase proved to be the most
demanding part of our endeavor. Utilizing powerfully built yet lightweight
aluminum sheets for the base and other components, we ensured durability
without compromising agility. Nuts and bolts were chosen to guarantee quality
assembly, with all parts crafted in-house using CNC machines or skilled labor.
Our robot is equipped with sensors for line following, junction detection, QR
code reading, and overload warnings, with an LCD display for real-time
monitoring. Our programmers developed algorithms predominantly in C or
Python to drive the robot's functionality. In addition to functionality, we
prioritized security by installing a dedicated panel for emergency shutdowns in
case of short circuits or other issues.
Amidst global economic challenges, we've tried our best to maintain the
affordability of our robot without compromising quality.

2. TEAM CHART (5 POINTS)-----(Jareer)

2.1. Team Members
M.Ehtesham Haider is an A-level Sciences Student. He actively
pursues Maths and Physics Applications in Technology and is the
head of our Institute’s Robotics Department. He will serve as Team
Leader. Will be

Hassan Abdullah is an A-level Sciences Student. He engages in

Printed Circuit Design and Software Configuration in Robotics. He
will be creating the Circuit Structure for the mechanical parts, Control
Panel, and Algorithm design.

Saad Abdullah is an A-level Sciences Student. He is interested in

Base-level Electronic Projects and Component Compatibility. He
will set up the Serial Transmission Protocols using ZigBee for our Robot
and decide on the most Task-Efficicent Components.

Sajid-Rehman is a First-Year A-level Student. He is interested in CAD

Applications and mechanical production processes. He has
knowledge of SolidWorks and improving Assembly. He will design the
local indigenous parts our robot will use and re-design other parts for
better efficiency.

Jareer Ahmad is a Final-Year O-level science student. He is

undertaking several courses in wireless-ly operated interfaces and the

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 use of relevant hardware electronics. He will be designing the GUI of
our Robot and programming the mounted Touch-Screen Display on
our robot.

Zakariyya Khan is a Final-Year O-level Science-cum-Economics

Student. He is very interested in Specialized Coding and Financial
oversight. He will oversee the budget plan, evaluate Market Potential,
and compare cost-efficiency while coding and setting up the QR code
Sensors for the Load-Operations.

Consultant Information:

The name of the consultant is Zeeshan Abbasi, who is also acting as an advisor to
the team. Mr. Zeeshan has done his Electrical Engineering and Masters in
Education from National University of Science Technology, Islamabad. He is
currently serving as Principal and Robotics Instructor at Baitussalam School.

2.2. Organizational Chart and Distribution of Tasks

Organizational Chart

3. PROJECT CURRENT STATUS ASSESSMENT (5

POINTS)----(Ehtesham and Hassaan)
{In this section, the Technical Qualification Form is evaluated. Material and
algorithm changes, if any, made after the Technical Qualification Form and
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 why the changes were made are explained. In the Technical Qualification
Form, a comparison is made between the planned budget and the final
budget.}

4. VEHICLE DESIGN (40 POINTS)

4.1. System Design (10 Points)------(Sajid and Abdullah J)
{In this section, the block diagram containing the final design of the
vehicle is given in detail.}

4.2. Mechanical Design of the Vehicle

4.2.1. Mechanical Design Process (3 Points)------(Hassaan)

After a long discussion with the supervisor and the research on the
industrial robots, we finally came up with the idea of outer design of the
robot.Before submitting the Technical Qualification Report the outer
design of the robot was designed on the solidworks (a 3D designing
software) after having read all the specification in details.

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 Fig. 4.1 Robot External Design

Research went on on the internal design of the robot,Lifting Mechanism,Actuators,Tyres,Chain etc. Before
every thing the base, the primary thing,was designed and the places of each component was decided and
designed.The material decided for the base is aluminium because of its excellent combination of propeties,
Light weight, High strength to weight ratio,Formability and malleability.

(Picture of base)
The base has the L-shaped angles connected on it for fixing the lifting mechanism and rest of the
components.The lifing mechanism is a gear lifter mechanism that will convert the circular motion in the lifting
mechanism into linear motion.The circular motion is generated using the DC motor with high torque.The
reason to select this motor is the property of high torque which could easily lift the weight of 25kg.

(Picture of mechanism and motor connected to base)

The drive motors and tyres:

The two drive motors are the high quality gear motors with operating voltage 24V which are connected to
sprockets and chain and each of them are connected to two tyres,the tyres are with 10cm diameter
each.This whole movement system is good enough for driving the robot smoothly.
(picture of motor, chain, sprockets,tyres (connected))

After adding the mechanism, motors and sprockets,tyres and chain to the base the final internal system with
everything was designed.
Also added the other components like ,power supply,GUI,sensors and circuitary.The model of this design is
given in Fig.4.x

(Final picture of internal design with everything conneccted)

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To easily acsess the circuitry, without opening the external sheet we designed an opening cover on the back
side of robot , the cover is wide and long enough for easily working inside the robot.The model of this is
shown in Fig.4.x.
(picture of the back opening )

The chosen robot design was selected for its optimal balance of
functionality and performance, meeting all specified operational
requirements efficiently.This design offers a cost-effective solution
without compromising on essential capabilities, ensuring resource
efficiency throughout its lifecycle.Its manufacturing and assembly
processes are straightforward, enabling seamless production scalability
while minimizing complexity.Safety features and ergonomic
considerations are integrated into the design to ensure user-friendly
operation and maintenance.Feedback-driven iterations and
comparative analysis confirmed that this design excels in meeting
project objectives, making it the ideal choice for our robotic system.

4.2.2. Ingredients (3 Points)-----(Ehtesham)

We constructed our vehicle frame using lightweight, corrosion-resistant
aluminum, reinforced with structural beams and supports to ensure
strength and stability tailored to our requirements. Opting for aluminum
not only provided the necessary durability but also facilitated easy
maneuverability due to its lightweight nature. Secure and adjustable
connections were achieved using high-quality nuts and bolts, offering
reliability and flexibility in assembly.

For propulsion, we equipped our vehicle with high-torque motors

capable of delivering optimal RPM for efficient movement. We
integrated worm gears known for their lifting capabilities. Additionally,
we utilized chains for the drive mechanism, ensuring smooth and
consistent power transmission.

While the frame and fasteners were designed in-house, we bought the
gearbox, chains, and motors from trusted market suppliers to meet our
specific requirements and standards.In consideration of safety, we
developed a dedicated emergency stop button panel to swiftly address
any unforeseen emergencies or short circuits. Furthermore, each
sensor was encased in custom-designed casings to safeguard against
environmental hazards and ensure optimal functionality.

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 4.2.3. Production Methods (2 Points)------(Ehtesham and
Hassaan)
After succesfully designing the robot, we used CNC machining for the
production method due to the precision, efficiency nad easy access to
quality work. The CNC machine could give us the parts with exact
dimensions we required for our robot. However, at times we used
latheman services for small parts such as manufacturing nuts and bolts
or making some corrction in thr already designed parts.

4.2.4. Physical Characteristics (2 Points)-------(Ehtesham)

{Features of the vehicle, such as dimensions and weight, are included.}

4.3. Electronic Design, Algorithm and Software Design

4.3.1. Electronic Design Process (3 Points)-----(Hassaan)

Quantity
No Product Name Description Used
High-performance motor driver with advanced 2
features for precise control and robust operation,
1 RoboClaw Motor Driver ideal for this system because of operating at high
voltages and current.
(Ready Received)
Powerful microcontroller board with an expanded 1
set of I/O pins and memory, suitable for complex
2 Arduino Mega projects requiring multiple sensors and actuators.

(Ready Received)
Essential components for connecting electronic
components, available in various lengths and
__
3 Wires gauges for different applications.

(Ready Received)
Low-power, low-cost wireless communication 4
protocol for short-range networking in industrial
4 ZigBee automation and suitable for this system.

(Ready Received)

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 Compact development board equipped with 4
ZigBee module and peripherals, facilitating rapid
prototyping and deployment of wireless
5 ZigBee Board communication.

(Ready Received)
The LCD display/control panel provides a user- 1
friendly interface for system operation and
LCD Display / Control monitoring.
6 It allows users to view important information such
Panel
as battery levels, weight measurements, and
system status at a glance.

Li-ion battery energy losses are low. It was 4

preferred because it can provide high energy
7 Batteries compared to its weight.
(Ready Received)

Buzzers serve as auditory alerts to notify users of 4

critical events or alarms, enhancing situational
8 Buzzers awareness and user safety.
,
(Ready Received)
Indicator LEDs provide visual feedback to users, 10
indicating various system states, modes, or
9 Indicator LEDs statuses such as power on/off, charging, or error
conditions, using different colors.
(Ready Received)
Emergency buttons offer a quick and easily 1
accessible means for users to activate emergency
procedures or halt system operation in critical
10 Emergency Buttons situations.They are typically designed to be highly
visible and require deliberate action to prevent
accidental activation, ensuring reliability during
emergencies.
(Ready Received)
The HX711 module is a specialized integrated 1
circuit commonly used for precise measurement of
weight or force, often in applications such as load
cells or scales.
11 HX711 Module It provides high-resolution analog-to-digital
conversion and amplification capabilities, enabling
accurate weight readings with minimal noise
and interference.
(Ready Received)

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 Infrared sensors designed for precise line detection 4
in robotics and automation, ideal for line-following
Qtr Line following of this system.
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sensors

(Ready Received)
Distance-measuring sensors utilizing infrared light 5
for accurate proximity detection, suitable for
13 Sharp IR sensors detecting the objects in front of the robot.

(Ready Received)
Installed in the robot for reading QR code in the 1
arena, it was preferred because of its quick
Embedded Qr Code scanning
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scanner (Ready Received)

Precision load cell with high sensitivity and 1

durability, designed for weight measurement in the
15 Pl50 Load cell robot.

(Ready Received)

4.3.2. Algorithm Design Process (3 Points)----(Saad)

Control/Navigation/Guidance Algorithm Processes:

We have used the PD controller for Line following, an obstacle-

detection method using IR sensors, a Load Cell to monitor the weight of
the load, a QR Code Scanner for QR code scanning and an internally
installed voltmeter to monitor the battery health of the robot throughout
the run. These methods are discussed in details below.

The QTR Analogue sensors send emissions and read their

reflections from the black line forming a numerical way to judge the
current position of the robot. This position is compared to the aimed
position and, depending on how for it is from the aimed position, an
error is calculated. The bigger the error, the larger the gap between the
current and aimed position will be and the robot will adjust the speeds
of its motors and will change them to achieve the desired position. How
fast the robot moves to achieve its desired position is determined by the
P-Component of the code which is a constant. The error calculated is
multiplied with this number and then an update is made to the motor
speeds. So, the greater the error, the robot will move towards the line
with a faster speed.

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 Also, as the robot nears the line its speed begins to decrease to
avoid overshoot and of course unbalanced movements. This uses a
derivative method to check how fast the robot is moving towards the
line and how far it is to the line. This is done by continuously by
calculating the change in the error (Error – Last Error).
This is then multiplied to the D-component of the code and it
contributes to the changing adjustments in the motor speeds as the
robot smoothly steers back on the line perfectly.
We have used this method as it is the single-best way of precise
and accurate way of line following as it can manipulate to run the robot
over almost any line after a 5-seconds calibration. Moreover, it is also
extremely smooth and does not make those typical ‘oscillations’ like the
robots do when using digital data and a few ‘IF Statements’.
This algorithm is however bypassed at times when the robot
detects an obstacle ahead. We have used Sharp IR Sensors in front of
the robot. These are always sending and receiving signals to determine
how close the robot is to the object it’s approaching. When it reaches
the fed distance, the microcontroller commands the motors to apply
brakes. The robot then checks the QR Code and decides whether to lift
or leave the load. Once the required task is done, the robot then steers
away from the obstacle, still keeping distance using the Sharp IR
Sensors, and moves back on to the black line before re-enters the PD
and begins to follow the line as before.
Then, for keeping a check on the weight of the load, we have a
bending load cell. The load cell bends on the side where the load is
applied while the other side remains fixed in one place, generating
resistance which is then converted to digital values and is stored in the
computer as the weight. This way, continuously monitors the weight of
any load and gives an over-load warning once the weight exceeds
125kg..
Also, to keep a check on the battery level, we have installed an
internal voltmeter that continuously measures the battery and keeps
giving the readings to the controller which then compares it with the
given readings. As soon as the reading is lower than 80(in our case),
the robot’s other functions are interrupted and robot is commanded to
go to the charging area and get charged. The battery level is still under
monitoring and as soon as it is full, the robot resumes its primary tasks.
Similarly, whether a load has to be lifted from a particular place or not is
decided by the QR Code on which the robot will scan using a QR Code
Scanner. The code will be checked for verification and the required task
will be performed.
So, we have chosen all these algorithms as they seemed to us
the most convenient and powerful. Also, these are the ways used
worldwide in different technological sectors for similar purposes. For
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example the load cell can measure thousands of kilograms efficiently
correct to decimal places. The PD controller is the most sophisticated
line following method used in industries where robot are trained to carry
items to-and-fro. A good example could be of Amazon.

.}

4.3.3. Software Design Process (4 Points)-----(Saad)

To configure the Software aspects of our robot, C programming
language was used to code our Algorithm Design structure. Choosing
C language was the result of the many demands of our Software
requirements. It has high speed execution and, more importantly, can
make use of special machine-dependent instructions that is vital
when coding embedded systems like our Industrial Robot. For the GUI
commnication, we have the softeare DGUS which too uses the C
Language. Furthermore the diverse range of libraries available for an
even wider scope of electronic components makes it suitable for our
technical specifications.

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 The Atmega2560 Microcontroller will be coded in C language to
interact and control with the peripheral units through the Arduino Mega
software for serial communication as outlined in the Algorithm Design
Process (above).

In the Program the following libraries have been used in the sub-
program routines

1) Touch-screen Display library <DWIN.h>

2) XBEE serial wireless communication <XBee.h>
3) Initializing serial communication on digital pins of Arduino
<SoftwareSerial.h> (For Maikrt QR code sensor)
4) Sensor Library <QTRsensors.h>

4.4. External Interfaces (10 Points)--------(Jarreer)

External Vehicle Control Interface:-

Our Robot will be equipped with a touch-sensitive capacitive Dwin screen that will output
a requirement-tailored graphical user interface (GUI) rendered in the software “DGUS” (Dwin
Graphic Utilized Software) V7.6.

Functions and Status details related to the Vehicle’s trajectory, energy levels, motion,
etc. will be displayed with the appropriate inputs for parameters to intervene in the vehicle’s
natural course of action, aided by user-friendly icons. Data transfer with Arduino Board will be
made using UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter) for serial communication.

Subcomponents for Image Processing and Data Transfer: The Dwin T5L touchscreen is
based on the T5L0 ASIC. This chip has 1MBytes of Nor Flash, 512K Bytes of which are used
to store the user database. The display has a resolution of 800x480 pixels and can display
262K colors. It uses an FPC50_0.5mm RGB interface for the LCD and either an IIC interface
for capacitive touch or an FPC4_1.0mm for resistive touch.
Communication Protocols and Modules: The Dwin T5L touchscreen uses a
TTL/RS232 interface for communication. The interface is connected via a
10Pin_1.0mm connection wire. The device can download data via an SD card
or an online serial port.

5. SECURITY (10 POINTS)----(Zakariya)

Battery

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We have ensured that batteries are securely mounted within the robot to
prevent movement or vibration that could cause damage or dislodgement. To
achieve this, we have implemented robust mounting systems that securely
anchor the batteries to the internal structure of the robot, minimizing the risk of
shifting during operation or transportation. Additionally, we have utilized
shock-absorbing materials and fastening mechanisms to further enhance
stability and reduce the potential for damage. Furthermore, regular inspections
are conducted to verify the integrity of the mounting arrangements, ensuring
that any necessary adjustments or reinforcements are made to maintain the
secure positioning of the batteries.
With the 16 AWG silicone cable, the security of the power cables connected to
the battery is increased.
Additionally, we have established clear procedures for responding to battery-
related incidents such as leaks, spills, or overheating, including training team
members on how to safely handle these situations. Based on the battery
location and the surrounding components of the robot, we designed
enclosures made of plastic to physically separate the batteries from other
components. To increase safety precautions, we incorporated ventilation
openings in the enclosures to allow for proper airflow around the batteries and
prevent overheating. Furthermore, we designed the enclosures to allow for
easy access to the batteries for maintenance and inspection purposes, either
by incorporating removable panels or access doors that can be opened as
needed. We have clearly labeled the enclosures to indicate the presence of
batteries and any relevant safety information or precautions that need to be
followed when accessing or handling them. The enclosures are periodically
inspected to ensure they remain intact and free from damage, and any
necessary repairs or replacements are promptly carried out to maintain the
integrity of the isolation measures.

-Wiring
For the wiring part we have used efficient wiring management system to
ensure safety. Uninsulated cables are not used and care is taken to ensure
that no conductors are left exposed. Places where high current flows are
marked on the circuit board. The cables were carried in cable channels in
accordance with the standards. The current drawn by the motors is monitored
instantly, high current draw status is monitored with current sensors and
programmed to be turned off when desired. Such a system within the robot's
enclosure supports and organises wiring harnesses. It provides a structural
framework for routing cables and allow for easy access during installation and
maintenance. It also allows for managing large quantities of cables and
accommodating complex routing configurations.
which is particularly useful. We have also ensured additional protection for
specific sections of wiring harnesses or individual cables by encasing wires in
a protective sheath, shielding them from mechanical stress, environmental
hazards, and electromagnetic interference. It is especially beneficial in areas
where cables are exposed to high levels of vibration, abrasion, or moisture.In
the circuit we have also added circuit breakers to safeguard against
overcurrent conditions that could lead to overheating, fires, or damage to
electronic components.

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 -Mechanics
For the mechanical part we installed protective guards around the edges of
the robot to minimize the impact of collisions with objects or surfaces. For this
purpose we used durable rubber to absorb energy and reduce the likelihood of
damage to both the robot and its surroundings.Likewise for the safety of the
lifting mechanism we added mechanical brakes that can be used to support
the weight of the arm and object in the event of a power failure. Mechanical
brakes arrest the energy of a machine or object via force, most commonly
friction. It locks down the manipulator ensuring no motion until the operator
comes back to safe zone. Also helps in paralysing the robot when there is
chance of inter link collisions. Since they operate purely based on mechanical
principles, they do not rely on electrical or electronic components, making
them less susceptible to malfunctions or power failures.

-Extras
Additionally we also ensured there is an easily accessible emergency stop
button that immediately halts the robot's motion in case of an emergency.
Furthermore we have also established clear procedures and protocols for
handling emergencies.For this purpose we have designate a team of two
trained individuals responsible for responding to emergencies ,when operating
,who are familiar with emergency procedures and trained in first aid.. We have
also ensured that all the members are trained and aware of any security
precautions for which purpose we have had workshops conducted to provide
training to all the team members to take appropriate measures in case of any
emergency and increase awareness.
Variations were reduced by providing a clean and organized working
environment in the workshop. Made suitable for 5S. Personal protective
equipment such as glasses and gloves were used in the workshop.
During and during testing, a fire extinguishing kit must be available. A fire-
resistant bag designed to withstand temperatures up to 1000 ° C, a fire
extinguisher, fire protection glasses and safety gloves must be available.

6. TEST (5 POINTS)-----(Saad)
The team has not conducted any physical tasks on the robot so far for testing
it for all of its required capabilities. However, we suerly plan to carry out these
tests very soon in the future as they essential and very helpful to asses
whether the robot requires any furhter work done on it. So here’s our plan for
these tests:

Types of tests Plan

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 We plan to test different parts of the robot by
putting them under certain harsh conditions to
Robot’s durability test test whether it can withstand heavy loads and
hard collisions(In case they take place).

We plan to check all the sensors that we’ll be

using for their correct values. We’ll do this by
Sensor Working test connecting them to a computer and check their
values in some IDE from a code.

We have planned to thoroughly test the

communicating devices as these are very
Testing communication crucial for the task to run smoothly. So we plan
devices to regularly test these devices by connecting to
our computers

7. EXPERIENCE (5 POINTS)----(Hassaan)
{In this section, information is given about the accidents experienced during
the design, production and testing stages of the vehicle, the mistakes made
and how they were overcome, and the experiences gained.}

8. TIME, BUDGET AND RISK PLANNING (5

POINTS)-----(Zakariya)

{ Time
Responsibilit Start End Milesto
Task
ies Month Month ne
System Analysis and design A and b January February Yes
Robot chassis design and Februar
C and D April No
production y
Material selection E and F March May No
Drive system and motion
A and B April June No
mechanism design

External sheet metal

manufacturing model Cand D June July Yes
design and production

GUI design and

Eand F January January yes
communication
Electronics and mechanicla
A and B no
assembly January January
Trial track creation Cand D January January yes

16
 PDR Writing A and B January January no
Algorithm design E and F January January yes
Programming A and B January January no
Track tests C and D January January yes
E and F January January

Budget
COMPONE MANUFACTU
MODEL FEATURES PRICE
NTS RER
MECHANICS
MachineT MachineT Has a good 6000TL
torque and
Motor
good enough
RPM.
Self- Self- Finally cut by
Manufacture Manufactur ourselves 1000TL
Aluminium
d ed for its use as
Sheets
base and
other uses
Amazon Amazon Has good grip 2500TL
and has a
Wheels
diameter of
10cm
Self- Self- Self- 1000TL
Manufacture Manufactur Manufactured
d ed to join the
Angles
base and
other parts
verticaly
Toothed wheel
or gear that
Sprockets.co Sprockets.c interlocks 1000TL
m om with a chain,
Sprockets
track, or other
perforated or
indented
material.
Chain Mechanical
devices
consisting of
AliBaba AliBaba inter 400TL

17
 connected
links that
transmit
power or
convey
materials in a
linear or
rotational
motion
Armaghan Armaghan To join two or 800TL
Engineering Engineering more parts
Nuts/bolts
works works together
securely
RoboClaw Pololu Pololu Max Voltage: 6500TL
Motor 34V
Driver Max Current:
60A
Arduino Arduino Arduino Atmega 2560 300TL
Mega controller
Wires Locally Locally ----- 300TL
Manufacture Manufactur
d ed
ZigBee Digi Digi Able to 630TL
International Internation communicate
al wirelessly,
Range:10-
100m
ZigBee Sparkfun Sparkfun Connects 400TL
Board Zigbee to PC
LCD DWIN DWIN Has a touch 800TL
Display / screen and a
Control software
Panel
Batteries Mania / Mania / Supplies 24V 2400TL
Turnigy Turnigy and 3.3A
Buzzers Locally Locally Produces 50TL
Manufacture Manufactur sound when
d ed given
command
Indicator Locally Locally Indicates 40TL
LEDs Manufacture Manufactur direction of
d ed movement
Emergency Locally Locally Can cut off the 150TL

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 Buttons Manufacture Manufactur power supply
d ed to the robot
HX711 Pololu Pololu Amplifies the 100TL
Module signal of the
load cell
Qtr Line Pololu Pololu Sends Infrared 340TL
following waves to
sensors determine the
colour of
surface
Sharp IR Sends Infrared 190TL
sensors Pololu Pololu waves to
determine the
distance till
the obstacle
Embedded Maikert Maikert Scans Qr 250TL
Qr Code Codes
scanner
Pl50 Load Daraz Daraz Measures 300TL
cell weight
25450T
TOTAL PRICE
L

Risk Planning
Chances or current
Risk ID Risk Effect Solution
status of risk
R1 Out of Funds High Ongoing Contingency Funds
Medium Mitigated
Low Unresolved
Resolved

9. ORIGINALITY AND LOCALITY (5 POINTS)------

(Jarrer)

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Problem-solving strategy: In Our industrial robot, we have implemented a
unique solution for the given tasks and the criteria provided in the rulebook.
Though many of the components themselves may not be unique, their
selection, combination, and tailoring for purpose remains original to our team
and is a result of the creative approach each of the members adopted to carry
out his part in this robotic project. The following is a description of the many
aspects of our robot where this originality was put into practice:

Original Mechanical Structure: Robot features L-shaped base with lifting

mechanism for 25kg weight, Load cells connected to a signal amplifying
module (HX711 Module) , driven by high-torque DC motor. Drive system
includes two 24V gear motors linked to sprockets and 10cm diameter tires for
smooth movement. Internal system incorporates power supply, GUI, sensors,
and circuitry for comprehensive functionality. This structure is original to our
team
Original Mechanical Design: All the designing processes were carried out by
the relevant team members in Solidworks software. These included the
designing of the aluminium base, L-shaped angles, motor brackets, nuts,
bolts, and screws etc with many of the ready-recieved components getting
redesigned and adjusted for efficient assembly. The physical produton of
these designs was done in the Labs managed by our institute and machined
on the same work-benches.

Original Algorithm Design: There were 3 main Algorithms developed by our

Team to fulfill the tasks given (Complete description provided in Algorithm
Design)

1) PD Controller (Line-following): Adjusts output based on error,

accumulated error over time, and rate of change of error. Provides precise
and responsive control, minimizing oscillations and steady-state error. All
variables, parameters, and functions developed originally by our team
2) Motion Control Algorithm (Main Drive): To enable smooth and powerful
motion and take calculations of individual motor-speeds and change them
to achieve desired transation, rotation etc. Perfected and adjusted
originally for the specific motors our robot uses.
3) Single Conditional Algorithm (Detecting Obstacles): Developed
indigeneously using input from mounted IR sensors and gauged distance
triggers different prompts to robot based on object distance, time period of
detection. Logical flow of commands and feedback-orientation made
originally.

Local GUI Screen Design: Our team robot uses a mounted Dwin Touch-
screen to provide user-friendly command interface. The designing of the visual
icons, declaring suitable parameters connected to various touch-senstitve
prompts from screen and setting up transmission protocls and commands,
creating live input-output real-time channels was all done by the team
members in charge of this aspect.

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 Local Cicuit-Board Design: Circuit that controls all input/output channels and
component-processor interaction of the robot. The design was made in the
Proteus printed circuit design program.

Micro-controller Shield: The Arduino Mega is fitted with a self-developed

moto-driver shield to improve functionality and enable smoother interaction
and tidier wiring.The design was made in the Proteus printed circuit design
program.

10. COMMERCIALIZATION POTENTIAL (5

POINTS)------(Zakariya)

Market Analysis
1. Size of the Market:
- Global Market:
 The global industrial robotics market size is projected to reach $30.19 billion by 2023, with a
compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 12.8% from 2022 to 2028.

- Regional breakdown:

 North America accounts for around 23.68% of the market share, driven by the adoption of
automation in manufacturing and logistics.
 Europe and Asia-Pacific follow closely, with about 52.2% and 24.12% market share,
respectively, attributed to the growth of smart factories and e-commerce.

2. Growth Potential:
- Factors driving growth include:

 Increasing labor costs and the need for efficiency in material handling processes.
 Advancements in AI, machine learning, and IoT technologies enhancing robot capabilities.
 Industry 4.0 initiatives promoting automation and data-driven decision-making.

3. Segmentation:
- Segments within the market:

 The global material handling robot market size was valued at $28.8 billion in 2023 and is
projected to reach a value of $86.5 billion by 2032, fueled by demand from warehouses and
distribution centers.
 Inspection and maintenance robots are gaining traction in industries like automotive and
aerospace for quality control and asset management.

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 Competitor Analysis
1. Existing Competitors:
- Major players include:
 Fanuc, ABB, KUKA, and Universal Robots offering a range of autonomous robots with
advanced navigation and task execution capabilities.
 Firms like Fanakku Kabushikigaisha of Japan focusing on niche applications such as
collaborative robots for small-scale manufacturing.

2. Competitive Environment:
- Making our robot internationally competitive:
 Although there are already a few existing competitiors in the market for industrial handling
robots, we gave a good thought to it and therefore we are making use of a full-aluminium
body that makes our robot sleek and considerably lighter. As a result, it will be less power
consuming and produce more effecient results enhancing productivity.
 Moreover, we have ensured making our robot highly secure-to-use by taking crucial security
measures such as placing the battery in an isolated and safe place, using effecient wiring
systems to avoid any short-circuiting or overheating and having nice body to minimize any
physical harm to the surroundings.

Marketing Strategy
1. Target Audience:
- Ideal customers:
 Medium to large enterprises in manufacturing, logistics, and e-commerce sectors.
 Companies seeking to optimize material handling processes and improve productivity.

2. Reaching the Audience:

- Marketing approach:
 Online presence through a professional website showcasing product features, case studies,
and customer testimonials.
 Participation in industry events like Robotics Expo and Supply Chain Summit to demonstrate
the robot's capabilities and network with potential clients.
 Sponsoring national and international Technology-Related events like NERC(Pakistan) and
TeknoFest(Turkey) and participating in such events by conducting workshops and classes.
 Exibiting our project in large tech expos like CES & SXSW and different technological
conferences.

3. Marketing Channels:
- Channels to leverage:

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  Social media platforms for targeted advertising and engagement with industry professionals.
Collaborations with system integrators and distributors to reach a wider customer base and
provide localized support.

11. BIBLIOGRAPHY (5 Points)-----(Jarreer)

How2Electronics, “Interfacing DWIN HMI TFT LCD Display with Arduino”, February 27, 2024,
Accessed on April 6, 2023, 1.
Robots.com, “Lifting With Material Handling Robots”, January 23, 2016, Accessed on April 6,
2023, 2.
VEX Robotics, “Gears”, No date, Accessed on April 6, 2023, 3.
EZ-Robot, “Programming Your Robot to Detect QR Codes”, No date, Accessed on April 6,
2023, 4.
Fagerness, T., “How to Build a Robot - PCB Design”, November 02, 2015, Accessed on May
2, 2024, 16.
Miller, L., “The Comprehensive Guide to Manufacture a PCB”, April 25, 2024, Accessed on
May 2, 2024, 27.
Instructables, “Basic Electronics Skills for Robotics”, No date, Accessed on May 2, 2024, 31.
Robot Room, “David Cook’s Robot Room: Robotics, Circuits, and Machining”, No date,
Accessed on May 2, 2024, 42.
Science.org, “Fully 3D-printed soft robots with integrated fluidic circuitry”, No date, Accessed
on May 2, 2024, 75.
Learn Robotics, “Create a PCB (Printed Circuit Board) Online”, April 25, 2024, Accessed on
May 2, 2024, 89

Saif M “16 DIFFERENT TYPES OF SPROCKETS AND THEIR USES” [PDF] Last Updated on: July 17, 2021.
Accessed on March 23, www.theengineerspost.com

Arnab Kumar Das, “Line Follower Robot : ESP32 – QTR-8RC – PID Line Follower Robot
V1”, January 16, 2022, Accessed on May 2, 2024, arnabkumardas.com
Techbitar, “Arduino-based Line Follower Robot Using Pololu QTR-8RC Line Sensor”, No
date, Accessed on May 2, 2024, instructables.com
OSAMASLEEM, “Line follower robot performed with PID controller technique and by qtr-8A
sensor”, No date, Accessed on May 2, 2024, github.com
Tacuna Systems, “Load Cells & Force Sensors in Robotics”, August 11, 2023, Accessed on
May 2, 2024, tacunasystems.com
Sensing Systems Corporation, “Load Cells for Robotics and Automation: Enabling Precision
and Control in Robotic Systems”, No date, Accessed on May 2, 2024, sensing-systems.com
Beijing Dwin Technology Co., Ltd., “DGUS”, No date, Accessed on May 2, 2024, dwin-
global.com.

23
Basicmicro, “RoboClaw Basics”, No date, Accessed on May 2, 2024,
resources.basicmicro.com
Robots.com, “Lifting With Material Handling Robots”, January 23, 2016, Accessed on May 2,
2024, robots.com
VEX Robotics, “Gears”, No date, Accessed on May 2, 2024, vexrobotics.com
MISUMI Mech Lab Blog, “Rotary to Linear Motion”, No date, Accessed on May 2, 2024,
us.misumi-ec.com.
MarketSplash, “C Programming Robotics: What It Is And How To Use It”, No date,
Accessed on May 2, 2024, marketsplash.com.

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 NOTE ON THE REPORT TEMPLATE:

(This page will not be included in the reports.)

 Project Detail Report; It will be a minimum of 15 pages and a maximum of

60 pages, including the Cover, Table of Contents, Bibliography and
Appendices (if any) pages.
 All reports should be written in accordance with academic report
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 Each report should contain 3 separate pages for "Cover, Table of
Contents and Bibliography" headings.
 Font: Arial, Font size: 12, Title font: Arial Black, Title Font: 14, Line
Spacing: 1.15, Justified, Page margins: top-bottom-right-left should be 2.5 .
 The sentences in the report should not be identical and repetitive.
 -Reports pages should be numbered consecutively.
 There is no project introduction video at this stage.
 References in the bibliography can be stated as follows. References used
should be shown in the text. It is recommended to use square brackets in
in-text notation. (e.g. [1], [4,7,21], [5-11])
Digital/Web Reference: Authors' surname, initials of their names, title of the
article, date of the article, access date, access address.
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 Project Detail Reports that do not comply with the report template will not be
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