W12-60-1-6 JOMO KENYATTA UNIVERSITY OF em AGRICULTURE: AND-TECHNOLOGY- ‘UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS 2022/2023 ‘THIRD YEAR FIRST SEMESTER EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN AGRICULTURAL AND BIO SYSTEMS ENGINEERING AND BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN MECHATRONIC ENGINEERING EMG 2303: SOLID AND STRUCTURAL MECHANICS 1 INSTRUCTIONS L This examination contains FIVE(S) questions 1 Question ONE is COMPULSORY. IL Attempt Question ONE and any other TWO questions. Vv. Question ONE carries 30 marks and all other questions carry 20 marks each, f All symbols have usual meanings unless otherwise stated,ONE RKS) 4) A thin walled pressure vessel has an internal diameter of 220 mm and is 3 mm thick, Itis filled with gas exerting an intemal pressure of $ MPa. (Assuming the ends of the cylinder are rigidly closed, estimate the hoop and longitudinal stresses, (marks) Gi) If the ends of the cylinder are closed by pistons sliding in the cylinder, estimate the hoop and longitudinal stresses. (4 marks) 'b) Differentiate between isotropic and anisotropic materials. (marks) ©) A rectangular bar has a 0.1 m x-0.05 m cross-section and a 0.25 m length. The bar ‘carries a tensile load of 0.4 MI __mx0.25 m faces sile made of steel where Determine the following: @ The stresses os, oy, and ain the x, y, and z directions, respectively. (3 marks) ii) The strains £,, Ey, and, inthe x, y, and z directions respectively. (3 marks) ‘The change in volume of the bar marks) Gv) The change that should be made to the 4 MIN load so that there is no change in volume. @ marks) 4) A short hollow circular cast iron cylinder is used to support an axial compressive load P = 580 KN. The ultimate strength of the cast iron in compression is 270 MPa, It is decided to design the cylinder with a wall thickness t = 25 mm and a safety factor of 3 with respect to the ultimate strength. Calculate the minimuin required outside diameter. (marks) QUESTION TWO 20 MARKS) a) A timber beam, 150 mm depth, 100 mm wide and 5 m long is simply supported at its ‘ends and loaded throughout its length with a uniformly distributed load of 2.7 kN/m. ‘The allowable bending stress in timber is 7 MPa, Assume the values of Young’s modulus Erimber = 16 GPa and Esteot = 208 GPa, @ If the timber beam is reinforced with two steel plates 100 mm wide on the top and bottom surfaces throughout the length as shown in Figure Q.5,, what should be the thickness of the plates? (@ marks) i) Determine the stress distribution of the composite beam on the most stressed section of the beam. marks) ') A prismatic bar with rectangular cross section (20 mm x 40 mm) and length L = 2.8 m is subjected to an axial force of 60 KN, The measured elongation of the bar is 8 = 1.1 mm, Calculate: @ The tensile stress in the bar @ marks) (i) The strain in the bar @ marks)QUESTION THREE (20MARKS) a) Develop an expression for the axial deflection of a close coiled helical spring subjected to an axial load W, using the following notations: ire diameter, D = mean coil diameter, n = number of coils, and L = length of the wire. (marks) b) A close coiled helical spring is to have a stiffness of 1 k N/m of compression, a maximum load of 50 N and a maximum shearing stress of 120 MPa. The solid length of the spring is to be 45mm. Determine: © 50 GPa i) ‘The diameter of the wire (marks) i) The mean diameter of the coils (marks) i) The number of coils required. (marks) The propeller shaft ofa tractor is a hollow circular tube of outside diameter 450 mm and_ ~~ fniside diamicter 300 mm. If the tiaximum shear stress is limited to 31 MPa and the shaft rotates at 100 rpm, determine the following: ) The torque that can be carried by the shaft @ marks) i) The power that can be transmitted by the shaft @ marks) QUESTION FOUR (20 MARKS) 2) A thin cylinder has an internal diameter of 200 mm, wall thickness S mm, and is 1.2 m Jong. The internal volume of the cylinder is found to change by 12 x 10-6 m? when filled with a liquid at pressure ‘p’. Assuming the cylinder is made of mild steel with E = 200 GPa and v = 0.25, and assuming rigid end plates, find: @) The hoop and longitudinal stresses, (G marks) Gi) The modifications to these values if joint efficiencies of 50% (hoop) and 80% (longitudinal) are assumed. (S maris) GiiyThe necessary change in pressare ‘p’ to produce a further increase in internal volume of 15% assuming the liquid is incompressible. (marks) b) A prismatic bar ABCD is subjected to various point loads. A tensile load P1 at point A, compressive loads P2 and P3 at points B and C and a tensile load P4 at point D. The loads are: P1 = 45 KN, P3 = 450 kN and P4 = 130 KN. The areas are 625 mm?, 2500 mm?, and 1250 mm? for the sections AB, BC, and CD. respectively. ab 1200m Deermtas: be Coo we () The value of load P2 (2 marks) Gi) The total elongation of the bar if E= 210 GPa @marks) «1 109" TT 20 MARI a) Ammild steel column is hollow and circular in cross section with an outside diameter of 380 mm and an inside diameter of 320 mm. It carries a compressive axial load of 1800 Kn. Determine; @ The direct stress in the column (4 marks) i) The shortening of the column if its initial height is 4 m, Assume E= 200 GPa. (marks) ») Ahhollow cast iron tube has length L = 4 m, outer diameter D = 300 mm outer andwall thickness t = 50 mm. It is subjected to a central compressive load P. The resulting stress is 75 MPa. If Young’s modulus for cast iron is 150 GPa, determine: @) The magnitude of the load @ marks) i) The longitudinal strain marks) \The shortening of the tube (marks) ©) A steel cube of SOmm side is subjected to forces as shown in Figure QS. Determine the change in volume of the block. Assume E=200GPa and p=0.3. (marks) arn Cama pe Figure QS: Cube subjected to forces