Question Bank (CHAP 1)

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EXACT DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

CATEGORY 1 :
𝜕𝑀 𝜕𝑁
𝐼𝑓 𝑀𝑑𝑥 + 𝑁𝑑𝑦 = 0 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 & = 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑥𝑎𝑐𝑡 &𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑏𝑦
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥

Rule 1 : ∫ 𝑀𝑑𝑥( 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝑦 𝑎𝑠 𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡) + ∫(𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑁 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 ′𝑥 ′ ) 𝑑𝑦

Rule 2 : ∫(𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑀 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 ′𝑦 ′)𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑁 𝑑𝑦( 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝑥 𝑎𝑠 𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡)
CATEGORY 1 PROBLEMS

Q1.Solve The Following Exact Differential Equations(POLYNOMIAL TYPE )

1) (𝑥 2 − 4𝑥𝑦 − 2𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥 + (𝑦 2 − 4𝑥𝑦 − 2𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑦 = 0.

𝑎(𝑥𝑑𝑦−𝑦𝑑𝑥)
2) 𝑥𝑑𝑥 + 𝑦𝑑𝑦 = 𝑥 2 +𝑦 2
3) [𝑥√𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 𝑦]𝑑𝑥 + [𝑦√𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 𝑥]𝑑𝑦 = 0.

Q2.Solve The Following Exact Differential Equations(TRIGNOMETRIC TYPE )

𝑑𝑦 𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑦 + 𝑦
1) 𝑑𝑥
+ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 + 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑦 + 𝑥 = 0.
2) [𝑦𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑥𝑦) + 𝑥𝑦 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑥𝑦) ]𝑑𝑥 + [ 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑥𝑦) + 𝑥 2 𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑥𝑦) ]𝑑𝑦 = 0.
1
3) [𝑦 (1 + ) + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑦] 𝑑𝑥 + (𝑥 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 − 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = 0.
𝑥
𝑦 𝑦 1 𝑦
4) 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (𝑥) 𝑑𝑦 + 2𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 0.
𝑥2
5) (𝑥 − 2𝑒 𝑦 )𝑑𝑦 + (𝑦 + 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 = 0

Q3.Solve The Following Exact Differential Equations(EXPONENTIAL/LOGARITHM TYPE )

𝑥 𝑥
𝑥
1) (1 + 𝑒 𝑦 ) 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑒 𝑦 (1 − 𝑦) 𝑑𝑦 = 0, given 𝑦(0) = 4.
𝑑𝑦 𝑦+1
2) = (𝑦+2)𝑒 𝑦 −𝑥 .
𝑑𝑥

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 NON-EXACT DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
𝜕𝑀 𝜕𝑁
❖ 𝐼𝑓 𝑀𝑑𝑥 + 𝑁𝑑𝑦 = 0 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 & ≠
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑒𝑥𝑎𝑐𝑡 & 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑏𝑒 𝑜𝑏𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑏𝑦 𝑚𝑎𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑖𝑡 𝑒𝑥𝑎𝑐𝑡 𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡, 𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑐ℎ 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑢𝑡
𝑏𝑦 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 & 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑦𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑖𝑡 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑡𝑜 𝑔𝑒𝑡
𝑒𝑥𝑎𝑐𝑡 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛.
𝑖𝑓 ‘𝑘’ 𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟
𝜕𝑘𝑀 𝜕𝑘𝑁
𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑛 (𝑘𝑀)𝑑𝑥 + (𝑘𝑁)𝑑𝑦 = 0 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑏𝑒 𝑎𝑛 𝑒𝑥𝑎𝑐𝑡 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖. 𝑒 = & 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑏𝑦
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥
Rule 1 : ∫ 𝑘𝑀𝑑𝑥( 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝑦 𝑎𝑠 𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡) + ∫(𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑘𝑁 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 ′𝑥 ′ ) 𝑑𝑦
Rule 2 : ∫(𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑘𝑀 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 ′𝑦 ′)𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑘𝑁 𝑑𝑦( 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝑥 𝑎𝑠 𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡)
𝐹𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑚𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝑟𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑡𝑜 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟(𝐼. 𝐹)
CATEGORY 2 :

𝐼𝑓 𝑀𝑑𝑥 + 𝑁𝑑𝑦 = 0 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 ‘𝐻𝑂𝑀𝑂𝐺𝐸𝑁𝐸𝑂𝑈𝑆’ 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 & 𝑀𝑥 + 𝑁𝑦 ≠ 0

1
𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 (𝐼. 𝐹) =
𝑀𝑥+𝑁𝑦

CATEGORY 2 PROBLEMS

1) (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥 − (𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = 0.
2) (𝑥 4 + 𝑦 4 )𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥𝑦 3 𝑑𝑦 = 0.
3) (𝑥 2 𝑦 − 2𝑥𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥 − (𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = 0.
4) 𝑦(𝑥 + 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥 (𝑦 − 𝑥 )𝑑𝑦 = 0.

CATEGORY 3 :

𝐼𝑓 𝑓(𝑥𝑦)𝑦𝑑𝑥 + 𝑔(𝑥𝑦)𝑥𝑑𝑦 = 0 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑔(𝑥𝑦)& 𝑓(𝑥𝑦) 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑜𝑓 ‘𝑥𝑦’)
& 𝑀𝑥-𝑁𝑦 ≠ 0
1
𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 (𝐼. 𝐹) =
𝑀𝑥−𝑁𝑦

CATEGORY 3 PROBLEMS

1) Solve (𝑦 − 𝑥𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥 − (𝑥 + 𝑥 2 𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = 0.

2) Solve 𝑦(𝑥𝑦 + 2𝑥 2 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥 (𝑥𝑦 − 𝑥 2 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑦 = 0.
3) Solve 𝑦(1 + 𝑥𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥 (1 + 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑥 2 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑦 = 0.
4) Solve ( 𝑥 3 𝑦 4 + 𝑥 2 𝑦 3 + 𝑥𝑦 2 + 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + (𝑥 4 𝑦 3 − 𝑥 3 𝑦 2 − 𝑥 2 𝑦 + 𝑥 )𝑑𝑦 = 0.
5) Solve (𝑥𝑦𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑦 + cos 𝑥𝑦 )𝑦𝑑𝑥 + (𝑥𝑦𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑦 − cos 𝑥𝑦 )𝑥𝑑𝑦 = 0.

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CATEGORY 4 :
𝜕𝑀 𝜕𝑁
− 𝜕𝑥
𝜕𝑦
𝐼𝑓 𝑀𝑑𝑥 + 𝑁𝑑𝑦 = 0 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 & { = 𝑓(𝑥) ( 𝑖. 𝑒 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 𝑜𝑛𝑙𝑦)}
𝑁

𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 (I.F) = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥

CATEGORY 4 PROBLEMS

1) Solve (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 1)𝑑𝑥 − 2𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑦 = 0.

2) Solve (4𝑥𝑦 + 3𝑦 2 − 𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥 (𝑥 + 2𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = 0.
3) Solve (𝑥 4 + 𝑦 4 )𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥𝑦 3 𝑑𝑦 = 0.
1 1 1
4) Solve (𝑦 + 𝑦 3 + 2 𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥 + 4 (𝑥 + 𝑥𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑦 = 0.
3
5) Solve 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑦 + [𝑦(𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 – 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 ) − 2]𝑑𝑥 = 0.
1
6) Solve (𝑥𝑦 2 − 𝑒 𝑥3 ) 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥 2 𝑦𝑑𝑦 = 0.
7) Solve (2𝑥𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥 − 𝑥𝑦)𝑑𝑦 + 2𝑦𝑑𝑥 = 0.
CATEGORY 5 :
𝜕𝑀 𝜕𝑁
− 𝜕𝑥
𝜕𝑦
𝐼𝑓 𝑀𝑑𝑥 + 𝑁𝑑𝑦 = 0 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 &{ = 𝑓(𝑦) ( 𝑖. 𝑒 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑦 𝑜𝑛𝑙𝑦)}
𝑀

𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 (I.F) = 𝑒 − ∫ 𝑓(𝑦)𝑑𝑦

CATEGORY 5 PROBLEMS

1) Solve (𝑥𝑦 3 + 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + 2(𝑥 2 𝑦 2 + 𝑥 + 𝑦 4 )𝑑𝑦 = 0.

2) (𝑦 4 + 2𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + ( 𝑥𝑦 3 + 2𝑦 4 − 4𝑥 )𝑑𝑦 = 0.
3) (3𝑥 2 𝑦 4 + 2𝑥𝑦 )𝑑𝑥 + (2𝑥 3 𝑦 3 − 𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑦 = 0.
4) Solve (2𝑥𝑦 4 𝑒 𝑦 + 2𝑥𝑦 3 + 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + (𝑥 2 𝑦 4 𝑒 𝑦 − 𝑥 2 𝑦 2 − 3𝑥 )𝑑𝑦 = 0.
5) Solve 𝑦(𝑥𝑦 + 𝑒 𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 − 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = 0.

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 LINEAR DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
𝑫𝒆𝒇𝒊𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 ∶ −
𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑎 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 , 𝑖𝑓 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡 (𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑦 𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 ‘𝑦’) & 𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚
𝑑𝑦
(𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑦 𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 ) 𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝑑𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒(𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟) 𝑜𝑛𝑙𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑠𝑢𝑐ℎ 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑘𝑛𝑜𝑤𝑛 𝑎𝑠
𝑑𝑥

𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 & 𝑖𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦,

𝑑𝑦
+ 𝑃. 𝑦 = 𝑄 … … … … … … … … … 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ ‘𝑃’ & ’𝑄’ 𝑚𝑎𝑦 𝑏𝑒 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 ‘𝑥’ 𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡.
𝑑𝑥

𝑪𝑨𝑻𝑬𝑮𝑶𝑹𝒀 𝟏 ∶
𝑑𝑦
𝐼𝑓 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚 𝑖. 𝑒. + 𝑃. 𝑦 = 𝑄 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑟𝑒 − 𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑡 𝑡𝑜
𝑑𝑥
𝜕𝑀 𝜕𝑁
𝑦 + (𝑃. 𝑦 − 𝑄)𝑑𝑥 = 0 𝑠𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑖𝑡 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑠 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑀𝑑𝑥 + 𝑁𝑑𝑦 = 0 𝑖𝑓 ≠
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑖𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑛 − 𝑒𝑥𝑎𝑐𝑡 𝐷𝐸, 𝑠𝑜 𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑢𝑐ℎ 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑏𝑒 𝑒 ∫ 𝑃𝑑𝑥& 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑏𝑦

𝒚𝒆∫ 𝑷𝒅𝒙 = ∫ 𝑸𝒆∫ 𝑷𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙 + 𝑪

CATEGORY 1 NUMERICAL:
𝒅𝒚
1. Solve 𝒙(𝒙 − 𝟏) 𝒅𝒙 − (𝒙 − 𝟐)𝒚 = 𝒙𝟑 (𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏).
𝒅𝒚 𝟒𝒙 𝟏
2. Solve + 𝒚= 𝟑 .
𝒅𝒙 𝒙𝟐 +𝟏 (𝒙𝟐 +𝟏)
𝒅𝒚 𝟏−𝟐𝒙
3. Solve +( ) 𝒚 = 𝟏.
𝒅𝒙 𝒙𝟐

𝑪𝑨𝑻𝑬𝑮𝑶𝑹𝒀 𝟐 ∶

𝑑𝑦
𝐼𝑓 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑓′(𝑦) + 𝑃. 𝑓(𝑦) = 𝑄 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑒,
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑣
𝑓(𝑦) = 𝑣, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑓′(𝑦) = 𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑤𝑒 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑔𝑒𝑡
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑣
+ 𝑃. 𝑣 = 𝑄 𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑐ℎ 𝑖𝑠 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑟 & 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑏𝑦
𝑑𝑥

𝒗𝒆∫ 𝑷𝒅𝒙 = ∫ 𝑸𝒆∫ 𝑷𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙 + 𝑪

CATEGORY 2 NUMERICAL:
𝒅𝒚 𝟒𝒙 𝒚𝟐
1. Solve 𝒚 𝒅𝒙 + − 𝟑𝒙 = 𝟎.
𝟑
𝒅𝒚 𝒙−𝒚
2. Solve =𝒆 . ( 𝒆𝒙 − 𝒆 𝒚 ) .
𝒅𝒙
3. Solve 𝒚(𝒙𝟐 𝒚 + 𝒆𝒙 )𝒅𝒙 − 𝒆𝒙 𝒅𝒚 = 𝟎.
𝒅𝒚
4. (𝒙 + 𝟏) 𝒅𝒙 − 𝒚 = 𝒆𝒙 (𝒙 + 𝟏)𝟐
𝒅𝒚
5. Solve + 𝒙𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐𝒚 = 𝒙𝟑 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟐 𝒚.
𝒅𝒙

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𝑪𝑨𝑻𝑬𝑮𝑶𝑹𝒀 𝟑 ∶
𝑑𝑥
𝐼𝑓 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚 𝑖. 𝑒. + 𝑃. 𝑥 = 𝑄 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑟𝑒 − 𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑡 𝑡𝑜
𝑑𝑦

𝜕𝑀 𝜕𝑁
𝑑𝑥 + (𝑃. 𝑦 − 𝑄)𝑑𝑦 = 0 𝑠𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑖𝑡 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑠 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑀𝑑𝑥 + 𝑁𝑑𝑦 = 0 & 𝑖𝑓 ≠
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥

𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑖𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑛 − 𝑒𝑥𝑎𝑐𝑡 𝐷𝐸, 𝑠𝑜 𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑢𝑐ℎ 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑏𝑒 𝑒 ∫ 𝑃𝑑𝑦 & 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑏𝑦

𝒙𝒆∫ 𝑷𝒅𝒚 = ∫ 𝑸𝒆∫ 𝑷𝒅𝒚 𝒅𝒚 + 𝑪

CATEGORY 3

1. 𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒗𝒆 (𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚𝟑 )𝒅𝒚 = 𝒚𝒅𝒙

2. Solve (𝟏 + 𝒙 + 𝒙𝒚𝟐 )𝒅𝒚 + (𝒚 + 𝒚𝟑 )𝒅𝒙 = 𝟎.
𝒅𝒙
3. Solve (𝟏 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒚) 𝒅𝒚 = [𝟐𝒚𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒚 − 𝒙(𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝒚 + 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒚)].
−𝟏 𝒚
4. Solve(𝟏 + 𝒚𝟐 )𝒅𝒙 = (𝒆𝐭𝐚𝐧 − 𝒙 )𝒅𝒚.

𝑪𝑨𝑻𝑬𝑮𝑶𝑹𝒀 𝟒 ∶
𝑑𝑥
𝐼𝑓 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑓′(𝑥) + 𝑃. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑄 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑒,
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑣
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑣, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑓′(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑤𝑒 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑔𝑒𝑡
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑣
+ 𝑃. 𝑣 = 𝑄 𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑐ℎ 𝑖𝑠 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑟 & 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑏𝑦
𝑑𝑦

𝒗𝒆∫ 𝑷𝒅𝒚 = ∫ 𝑸𝒆∫ 𝑷𝒅𝒚 𝒅𝒚 + 𝑪

CATEGORY 4

1. Solve (𝒙𝟑 𝒚𝟑 + 𝒙𝒚)𝒅𝒚 = 𝒅𝒙.

𝟑
2. Solve 𝒚𝟒 𝒅𝒙 = (𝒙−𝟒 − 𝒚𝟑 𝒙) 𝒅𝒚
𝒅𝒚 𝒚𝟑
3. Solve 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒆𝟐𝒙 +𝒚𝟐
4. Solve (𝟏 + 𝒚𝟐 )𝒅𝒙 = (𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 𝒚 − 𝒙)𝒅𝒚.
LESS EXPECTED EXTRA QUESTIONS:
𝒅𝒚
1. Solve (𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏) 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 + [𝟐𝒙𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙 + (𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏) 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙]𝒚 = (𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏)𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙.
𝒅𝒚
2. Solve 𝒅𝒙 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒉𝒙 = 𝟐𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒉𝟐 𝒙. 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒉𝒙 − 𝒚𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒉𝒙.
𝒅𝒚
3. Solve + 𝒙𝟑 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 𝒚 + 𝒙𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐𝒚 = 𝒙𝟑 .
𝒅𝒙
𝒅𝒚
4. Solve + (𝟐𝒙𝒕𝒂𝒏−𝟏 𝒚 − 𝒙𝟑 )(𝟏 + 𝒚𝟐 ) = 𝟎.
𝒅𝒙
𝒅𝒚 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒚
5. Solve 𝒅𝒙 − = (𝟏 + 𝒙)𝒆𝒙 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝒚.
𝟏+𝒙

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 BERNOULLI’S DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
𝑫𝒆𝒇𝒊𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 ∶ −
𝒅𝒚
𝐼𝑓 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚 + 𝑷. 𝒚 = 𝑸𝒚𝒏
𝒅𝒙

𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑷 & 𝑸 𝒎𝒂𝒚 𝒃𝒆 𝒇𝒖𝒏𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒐𝒇 ‘𝒙’ 𝒂𝒍𝒐𝒏𝒆 𝒐𝒓 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕. 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑠𝑢𝑐ℎ 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝐵𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑙𝑖’𝑠 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠

Steps to be followed to reduce Bernoulli’s Equation to Linear Form

1 𝑑𝑦 1
1. 𝐷𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑏𝑦 𝑦 𝑛 , 𝑤𝑒 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑔𝑒𝑡 + 𝑃. 𝑦𝑛−1 = 𝑄
𝑦 𝑛 𝑑𝑥
1 1 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑣 1 𝑑𝑦 1 𝑑𝑣
2. 𝑃𝑢𝑡 = 𝑣 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 (1 − 𝑛) = 𝑑𝑥 𝑖. 𝑒. =
𝑦 𝑛−1 𝑦𝑛 𝑑𝑥 𝑦𝑛 𝑑𝑥 (1−𝑛) 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑣
3. 𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑝 1, 𝑤𝑒 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑔𝑒𝑡 + (1 − 𝑛)𝑃. 𝑣 = 𝑄 (1 − 𝑛)
𝑑𝑥
4. 𝑁𝑜𝑤 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑟𝑢𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝒅𝒙
NOTE:- the same rule is also applicable if equation appears in the form + 𝑷. 𝒙 = 𝑸𝒙𝒏 .
𝒅𝒚

where both ‘P’ & ’Q’ may be function of ‘y’ alone or constant.
𝒅𝒚
CATEGORY 1: + 𝑷. 𝒚 = 𝑸𝒚𝒏
𝒅𝒙

𝒅𝒚
1. Solve 𝒅𝒙
= 𝒙𝟑 𝒚𝟑 − 𝒙𝒚.
𝒅𝒚
2. Solve 𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝒙 𝟑 𝒚𝟔
𝒅𝒙
𝒅𝒛 𝒛 𝒛
3. Solve + 𝒙 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒛 = 𝒙𝟐 (𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒛)𝟐
𝒅𝒙
.
𝒅𝒙
CATEGORY 2 : + 𝑷. 𝒙 = 𝑸𝒙𝒏
𝒅𝒚

𝒅𝒚
1. Solve 𝒙𝒚(𝟏 + 𝒙𝒚𝟐 ) 𝒅𝒙 = 𝟏.
2. 𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒗𝒆 𝒚𝒅𝒙 + 𝒙(𝟏 − 𝟑𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐)𝒅𝒚 = 𝟎.
𝒅𝒙
3. 𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒗𝒆 𝒚 𝒅𝒚 = 𝒙 − 𝒚𝒙𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒚.

CATEGORY 3 : 𝑬𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔 𝒘𝒊𝒕𝒉 𝒓𝒆𝒑𝒆𝒕𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝒑𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓𝒔 𝒐𝒇 (𝒂𝒙 + 𝒃𝒚) & 𝒂𝒓𝒆 𝒓𝒆𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒊𝒃𝒍𝒆 𝒕𝒐 𝑩𝒆𝒓𝒏𝒐𝒖𝒍𝒍𝒊’𝒔
𝒅𝒚
1. 𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒗𝒆 + 𝒙(𝒙 + 𝒚) = 𝒙𝟑 (𝒙 + 𝒚)𝟑 − 𝟏.
𝒅𝒙
𝒅𝒚
2. 𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒗𝒆 = 𝟏 − 𝒙 (𝒚 − 𝒙 ) − 𝒙 𝟑 (𝒚 − 𝒙 ) 𝟐 .
𝒅𝒙
𝒅𝒚
3. Solve 𝟒𝒙𝟐 𝒚 𝒅𝒙 = 𝟑𝒙(𝟑𝒚𝟐 + 𝟐) + (𝟑𝒚𝟐 + 𝟐)𝟑

LESS EXPECTED EXTRA QUESTIONS:

𝒅𝒚 𝒅𝒚 𝒙
1. 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 𝒅𝒙 + 𝒚𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 = √𝒚𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒙 2. 𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒗𝒆 + (𝟏−𝒙𝟐) 𝒚 = 𝒙√𝒚 .
𝒅𝒙

𝒅𝒚 𝟐 𝒚𝟑 𝒅𝒚 𝒚 𝒅𝒙
3. 𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒗𝒆 + 𝒙 𝒚 = 𝒙𝟑 . 4. 𝒅𝒙 + 𝒙 = 𝒚𝟑 𝒙𝒏 5. 𝒚 𝒅𝒚 = 𝒙 − 𝒚𝒙𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒚.
𝒅𝒙

𝒅𝒚
6. Solve 𝟒𝒙𝒚 𝒅𝒙 = (𝒚𝟐 + 𝟑) + 𝒙𝟑 (𝒚𝟐 + 𝟑)𝟑

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