Module 01

1 Define Thermal conductivity with units 2

2 State Fourier’s Law of Heat conduction 2
3 Define Convection Heat transfer 2
4 What is conduction Heat transfer? 2
5 Define emissivity. 2
6 Derive unit of thermal conductivity using Fourier law 2
7 With the help of any practical application explain the importance of insulation 2
8 Define thermal conductivity what are the factors affecting on it? what is the
5
dimension of thermal conductivity?
9 A steel pipe with 50 mm OD is covered with a 6.4 mm asbestos insulation 5
[ka=0.166 W/mk] followed by a 25 mm layer of fiberglass insulation [kf =0.048
W/mkJ. The pipe wall temperature is 393 K and the outside insulation temperature
is 311K. Calculate the interface temperature between the asbestos and fiberglass.
10 Write a note on Conductive and convective Thermal contact resistance 5
11 Explain fourier law of heat conduction? Heat is conducted through a 10 cm thick 5
wall at the rate of 30 W/m2 when the temperature difference across the wall is
10oC. What is the thermal conductivity of the wall?
12 A plane wall is 25 cm thick with an area of 1 m2, and has a thermal conductivity of 5
0.5 W/mK. If a temperature difference of 60°C is imposed across it, what is the heat
flow?
13 Discuss all the mode of Heat Transfer with application basic laws in details 10
14 A steam pipe (k pipe = 45 W/m K) having a 70 mm inner diameter and 85 mm outer 10
diameter is covered with a 35 mm thick layer of insulation (kins = 0.15 W/m K). In
order to protect the insulation material from the humid environment, the pipe is
further covered by a 25 mm thick layer of ceramics material (k ceramics = 0.075
W/m K). The heat transfer coefficient inside and outside of the pipe is 220 W/m²K
and 6.5 W/m²K, respectively. Steam temperature is maintained at 350°C whereas
the average outside air temperature is 30°C. Calculate loss of heat
for 50m long pipe.
Module 02
14 Explain thermal diffusivity 2
15 Define Biot Number with significance. 2
16 State Newton’s law of cooling. 2
17 Consider steady one-dimensional heat flow in a plate of 20mm thickness with a
uniform heat generation of 80MW/m3. The left and right faces are kept at constant
temperatures of 1600C and 1200C respectively. The plate has a constant thermal 2
conductivity of 200W/mK. Determine The minimum temp within the plate in degree
celcius
18 Define insulation thickness 2
19 Write formula general equation of heat conduction for Cartesian system 2
20 Write formula general equation of heat conduction for Polar co-ordinate system 2
21 Explain critical thickness of insulation and derive the relation for cylindrical system. 5
22 Explain critical thickness of insulation and derive the relation for spherical system. 5
23 What are the assumptions made in lumped system analysis& when it is
applicable?. A steel ball 50 mm in diameter and at 900°c is placed in still
atmosphere of 30°C. calculate the initial rate of cooling of the ball in °C/min. take 5
density= 7800 kg/m3 , specific heat= 2kj/kg°C(Steel) and h= 30 W/m2°c. neglect
internal thermal resistance.
24 A wall of thickness 0.6 m has width has a normal area 1.5 m2 and is made up of
material of thermal conductivity 0.4 W/mK. The temperatures on the two sides are 5
800°C. What is the thermal resistance of the wall?
25 A wall furnace is made up of inside layer of silica brick 120 mm thick covered with a
layer of magnesite brick 240 mm thick. The temperatures at the inside surface of
silica brick wall and outside the surface of magnesite brick wall are 725°C and
110°C respectively. The contact thermal resistance between the two walls at the 5
interface is 0.0035'C/w per unit wall area. If thermal conductivities of silica and
magnesite bricks are 1.7 W/m°C and 5.8 W/m°C, calculate the rate of heat loss per
unit area of walls.
26 Two long rods of the same diameter-one made of brass (k=85w/m.k) and the other
made of copper (k=375 w/m.k) have one of their ends inserted into a furnace (as
shown in the following figure). Both rods are exposed to the same environment. At
5
a distance of 105 mm from the furnace, the temperature of the brass rod is 120
degress . At what distance from the will the same temperature be reached
in the copper rod?
27 Consider steady-state heat conduction across the thickness in a plane composite
wall of 1 & 2 metal exposed to convection conditions on both sides. Given: hi = 20
W/m2K; ho = 50 W/m2K; Ti = 20 C; To =− 2C ; k1 = 20 W/mK ; k2 = 50 W/mK; L1 = 5
0.30 m and L2 = 0.15 m. Assuming negligible contact resistance between the wall
surfaces, the interface temperature, T (in °C), of the two walls will be:
28 Explain Overall heat transfer coefficient A flat plate has thickness 5 cm, thermal 10
conductivity 1 W/(mK), convective heat transfer coefficients on its two flat faces of
10 W/(m2K) and 20 W/(m2K). Find the overall heat transfer co-efficient for such a
flat plate
29 A hot cylinder ingot of 50mm diameter and 200mm long is taken out from the
fulamace at 800°C and dipped in water till its temperature fall to 500°C. Then, it is
directly exposed to air till its temperature falls to 100°C. Find the total time
required for the ingot to reach the temperature from 800°C to 100°C. Take the
following: k(thermal conductivity of ingot) = 60w/m°C; c(specific heat of ingot) = 10
200)/m°C; p(density of ingot material) = 800kg/m"; hw(heat transfer coefficient in
water) = 200w/m2°C: ha (heat transfer coefficient in air) = 20w/m2°C; Temperature
of air or water = 30°C.

30 A mercury thermometer is placed in a oil well for the measurement of temperature

in a pipe. The well is made of steel (k = 50 W/m°C) and is 14 cm in length and 1.0
mm in thickness. The temperature recorded by well is 100°C while pipe wall 10
temperature is 50°C. If the heat transfer coefficient between the air and well wall is
30 W/m2°C, calculate the true temperature of air.
31 Derive Fourier’s three dimensional differential equation for conduction in Cartesian
10
coordinates.
32 A refrigerant suction line having outer diameter 30mm is required to be thermally
insulated. The outside air film coefficient of the heat transfer is 12W/m2 0C. The
thermal conductivity of insulation is 0.3W/m0C.
i) determine whether the insulation will be effective;
10
ii) Estimate the maximum value of thermal conductivity of insulating material to
reduce heat transfer;
iii) Determine the thickness of cork insulation to reduce the heat transfer to 22% if
the thermal conductivity of cork is 0.038W/m0C
33 Derive Fourier’s three dimensional differential equation for conduction in Polar
10
coordinates.
34 A steel pipeline (k=50W/mk) of internal Dia 100mm and outer dia 110 mm is two
be covered with two layer of insulation each having thickness of 50 mm the
10
thermal conductivity of first material is 0.06 W/mk, and the second material is 0.12
W/mk calculate the loss of heat per meter length of pipe and interface temp
 between two layer of insulation when the temp of inside tube surface is 225 C and
that of the outside surface of the insulation is 50 C

MODULE 03
35 State Stefan Boltzman Law. 2
36 What is Fin Efficiency? 2
37 What is Fin Effectiveness? 2
38 State the different cases of Fins. 2
39 Classify the fins with sketch 2
40 Why Fins are provided? 2
41 How the Effectiveness of the fins can be Increased? 2
42 A motor body is 360 mm in diameter (outside) and 240 mm long, Its surface 5
temperature should not exceed 55 °C when dissipating 340W) Longitudinal fins of
15 mm thickness and 40 mm height are proposed. The convection coefficient is
40W/m2 °C. Determine the number of fins required. Atmospheric temperature is
30°C. Thermal conductivity = 40 W/m°C, assume end fin is insulated.
43 Derive the governing differential equation of fin of 5
uniform cross section.
44 Explain the Effectiveness & Efficiency of the Fin. Explain in brief factors affecting 5
Effectiveness of fins
45 It is required to heat oil to about 300°C for frying purpose. A laddle is used in the 5
frying. The section of the handle is 5 mm x 18 mm. The surroundings are at 30°C.
The conductivity of the material is 205 W/m°C. If the temperature at a distance of
380 mm from the oil should not reach 40°C, determine the convective heat
transfer coefficient.
46 Derive the relation for Heat Dissipation (only) from Fin Insulated at the Tip. 5
47 Derive the relation for Heat Dissipation (only) from Fin Infinitely long. 5
48 A heating unit is made in the form of a vertical tube fitted with rectangular 5
section steel fins. The tube height is 1.2 m and its outer diameter is 60 mm. The
fins are 50 mm in height and their thickness is 3 mm. The total number of fins
used is 20. The temperature at the base of a fin is 80°C and the surrounding air
temperature is 18 °C. The heat transfer coefficient on the fin surface and tube
surface to the surrounding air is 9.3 W/m c, k-55.7 W/m "C. Calculate the amount
of heat transferred from the tube with and without fins. Find the overall
effectiveness of the fins. Assume that the fin tip is insulated.
49 Derive the formula d²ɵ/dx2-m ɵ=0 also find the heat transfer rate for the Fin which 10
is Infinitely long
50 Derive the formula d²ɵ/dx2-m ɵ=0 also find the heat transfer rate for the Fin which 10
is Insulated at the Tip
51 Find the Heat transfer rate for following Cases 10
Fin which is Infinitely long
Fin which is Insulated at the Tip
52 An aluminium rod 2.0 cm diameter and 10 cm long protrudes from the wall 10
maintained at 300°C. The rod is exposed to surroundings at 15°C. Heat transfer
coefficient between rod surface and environment is 20 W/m²K. The thermal
conductivity of the material is 200 W/mK. Find:
1.Total heat dissipated by rod
2. Temperature of rod at 4 cm from the wall.
3. Temperature at the end of rod
4. Fin Efficiency
53 A steel rod (k = 32 W/m K), 12 mm in diameter and 60 mm long with an insulated 10
 end is to be used as a spine. It is exposed to surrounding with a temperature of
60°C and heat transfer coefficient of 55 W/m2 K. The temperature at the base of
fin is 95°C. Determine (i) The fin efficiency, (ii) The temperature at the end of the
spine, (iii) The heat dissipation.
54 A steel rod (k = 32 W/m°C), 12 mm in diameter and 60 mm long, with an insulated 10
ends to be used as spine. It is exposed to surroundings with a temperature of 60°C
and a heat transfer coefficient of 55 W/m² °C. The temperature at the base of the fin
is 95°C. Determine

(i)The fin efficiency

(ii) The temperature at the edge of the spine
(iii) The heat dissipation.
55 An aluminium rod 3 cm diameter and 11 cm long protrudes from the wall maintained 10
at 280°C. The rod is exposed to surroundings at 16°C. Heat transfer coefficient
between rod surface and environment is 19 W/m²K. The thermal conductivity of the
material is 190 W/mK. Find:
1.Total heat dissipated by rod
2. Temperature of rod at 5 cm from the wall.
3. Temperature at the end of rod
4. Fin Efficiency
Q1. A wall furnace is made up of inside layer of silica brick 120 mm thick covered with a layer of
magnesite brick 240 mm thick. The temperatures at the inside surface of silica brick wall and outside
the surface of magnesite brick wall are 725°C and 110°C respectively. The contact thermal resistance
between the two walls at the interface is 0.0035'C/w per unit wall area. If thermal conductivities of
silica and magnesite bricks are 1.7 W/m°C and 5.8 W/m°C, calculate the rate of heat loss per
unit area of walls.

Q2. A steel pipe with 50 mm OD is covered with a 6.4 mm asbestos insulation [k2=0.166 W/mk]
followed by a 25 mm layer of fiberglass insulation [k =0.048 W/mkJ. The pipe wall temperature is 393
K and the outside insulation temperature is 311K. Calculate the interface temperature between the
asbestos and fiberglass.

Q3. A steam pipe (k pipe = 45 W/m K) having a 70 mm inner diameter and 85 mm outer diameter is
covered with a 35 mm thick layer of insulation (kins = 0.15 W/m K). In order to protect the insulation
material from the humid environment, the pipe is further covered by a 25 mm thick layer of ceramics
material (k ceramics = 0.075 W/m K). The heat transfer coefficient inside and outside of the pipe is
220 W/m²K and 6.5 W/m²K, respectively. Steam temperature is maintained at 350°C whereas the
average outside air temperature is 30°C. Calculate loss of heat for 50m long pipe.

Q4. Two long rods of the same diameter-one made of brass (k=85w/m.k) and the other made of
copper (k=375 w/m.k) have one of their ends inserted into a furnace (as shown in the following
figure). Both rods are exposed to the same environment. At a distance of 105 mm from the furnace,
the temperature of the brass rod is 120 degress . At what distance from the will the same
temperature be reached in the copper rod?
Q5. A heating unit is made in the form of a vertical tube fitted with rectangular section steel fins. The
tube height is 1.2 m and its outer diameter is 60 mm. The fins are 50 mm in height and their
thickness is 3 mm. The total number of fins used is 20. The temperature at the base of a fin is 80°C
and the surrounding air temperature is 18 °C. The heat transfer coefficient on the fin surface and
tube surface to the surrounding air is 9.3 W/m c, k-55.7 W/m "C. Calculate the amount of heat
transferred from the tube with and without fins. Find the overall effectiveness of the fins. Assume
that the fin tip is insulated.

Q6. A motor body is 360 mm in diameter (outside) and 240 mm long, Its surface temperature should
not exceed 55 °C when dissipating 340W) Longitudinal fins of 15 mm thickness and 40 mm height are
proposed. The convection coefficient is 40W/m2 °C. Determine the number of fins required.
Atmospheric temperature is 30°C. Thermal conductivity = 40 W/m°C, assume end fin is insulated.

Q7. A mercury thermometer is placed in a oil well for the measurement of temperature in a pipe.
The well is made of steel (k = 50 W/m°C) and is 14 cm in length and 1.0 mm in thickness. The
temperature recorded by well is 100°C while pipe wall temperature is 50°C. If the heat transfer
coefficient between the air and well wall is 30 W/m2°C, calculate the true temperature of air.

Q8. A steel ball 50 mm in diameter and at 900°c is placed in still atmosphere of 30°C. calculate the
initial rate of cooling of the ball in °C/min. take density= 7800 kg/m3 , C= 2kj/kg°C(Steel) and h= 30
W/m2°c. neglect internal thermal resistance.

Q9. A hot cylinder ingot of 50mm diameter and 200mm long is taken out from the fulamace at 800°C
and dipped in water till its temperature fall to 500°C. Then, it is directly exposed to air till its
temperature falls to 100°C. Find the total time required for the ingot to reach the temperature from
800°C to 100°C. Take the following: k(thermal conductivity of ingot) = 60w/m°C; c(specific heat of
ingot) = 200)/m°C; p(density of ingot material) = 800kg/m"; hw(heat transfer coefficient in water) =
200w/m2°C: ha (heat transfer coefficient in air) = 20w/m2°C; Temperature of air or water = 30°C.