Class-7 Chapter-18

Q1. How are tides useful?

1. Tides are useful to man in many ways.
2. They are useful in trade, navigation and fishing. At the time of high tide
depth of water near coast increases and enables big ships to enter the
ports.
3. Tides keep the harbors clear to refuse and mud brought down by a rivers
and thus they do not allow the harbors to be silted.
4. Title waves are also harvested to generate electricity.
5. Tides prevent the sea water from freezing by keeping the area under sea
water in motion.
6. Fisherman also make use of the types for sailing both into the sea and
Harbor
Q2. How does the ocean water become salty?
2. Ocean water become salty due to many reasons:
Rivers and other water bodies, while passing over the earth surface, carry away
various salts with them and they deposit the same in the oceans along with
water. mud and other ingredients.
(b) Salinity depends upon the amount of evaporation. wherever sun rays are
direct and temperature is high, evaporation rate is also high.after the evaporation
only the water vapours reach into the atmosphere but dissolved salt remain in the
sea water.
(C) where the amount of fresh water is high in the sea, salinity decreases, but if
any sea or ocean does not have any big river coming in it, then salinity is high
there.
(d) Closed sea does not have any movement in water its water is stagnant so
evaporation is high, thus salinity also high there.
Q3. What is the use of ocean water?
3. Ocean water is useful in many ways, such as:
(a) Oceans have moderating influence on the climate
(b) Oceans modify the high temperature of summers and low temperature of
winters.
(c) oceans are main sources of water vapour due to evaporation.This ultimately
brings rain.
(d) Rain and oceans are main cooling agents of our planet.
(e) water supports life in all manners.
(f) It attracts tourists
(g) It provides sea foods.
(h) It is source of many minerals and petroleum.
(i) It provides cheap sea route navigation.
Q4. How does rotation of the earth affect the ocean currents?
4. Rotation of the earth affects the direction of ocean currents. As earth rotates
on its own axis, a centrifugal force is generated. Due to this ocean currents are
deflected to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left Southern
Hemisphere.
Q5. WHY IS FOG PRODUCED NEAR NEW FOUNDLAND?
5. Fog is produced near New Foundland because two currents of different
temperatures meet there. At New Foundland cold Current of Labrador and warm
current of Gulf Stream meet.
IV Answer these questions
Q1. WHAT ARE THE THREE CHIEF MOVEMENTS OF THE OCEAN WATERS?
IV 1. (a) Waves (b)Tides and (c) ocean currents are main tree types of movements
of the ocean waters.
Waves:-waves are produced by the pushing action of winds. Pressure of winds
pushes the water up and down. Particles of water move up and down but they
don't move forward and backward like river water.
Tides: Dietz are rice and fall of ocean water regularly twice a day at a regular
interval. Tides are noticed only at shore.
Currents:-currents are big streams of water flowing regularly. Constantly and
indefinite directions on the surface or subsurface of the oceans.
Q2. WHAT ARE OCEAN CURRENTS? HOW DO THEY FORM?
2. Ocean are big streams of water flowing indefinite and regular direction
constantly on the surface or subsurface of the ocean.
Ocean garden's are produced due to many factors like:
Revealing rings blow in one direction so they full ocean water too, along with
them.
Difference in temperature is another cause of ocean currents. Due to this current
flow from low latitude equatorial region to colder higher latitude polar regions.
Temperature of saline water is higher. So salinity also causes movement of ocean
currents.
Some local currents are caused by the unequal evaporation into neighboring seas,
which produces difference of water level in those two seas.
Q3. WHAT ARE THE EFFECTS OF OCEAN CURRENT?
3. Ocean currents produce deep effects in many ways:
(a) they influence the climate of costal region. Womb current warms up the
temperature of cold regions and cold currents make the coastal region cool.
(b) countries influenced by a warm current receive more rainfall because winds
passing over them absorb a lot of moisture.
(c ) due to warm current support and harbors of high latitude remain open even
in winter while others are closed due to icing in the sea water. So the affect trade
also.
(d) they affect navigation. Open and large oceans provide the option of high
speed to the ships. This saves time and fuel.
(e) Warm currents melt the dangerous ice bugs and help navigators.
(f) best type of fishes are found in the areas where hot and cold currents meet
such areas are idle for laying eggs, so the largest amount of fishes are caught
here.
(g) meeting of hot and cold currents cause danse fogs. Search fogs reduce
visibility and create problems to the ships traveling nearby.
V distinguish between
(a) Waves and Tides
Waves Tides
1. In case of waves the surface of 1. In case of tides there is
the water rises up and down alternative rising and falling of
gently or violently the sea water twice a day
2. Waves are caused by the pushing 2. Tides are caused mainly by the
action of the winds. attraction of the moon and to some
extent of the sun.

3. Stormy waves sometimes prove 3. Tides are of great help to us in

very disastrous. trade, fishing and navigation.

Warm currents Cold currents

1. Flow from the equatorial 1. Cold currents flow
regions. from the polar regions
 2. The temperature is a few degree Their temperature is a few
higher than the temperature of the degree lower than the
surrounding waters. temperature of the
surrounding waters.

3. Current current rise the temperature Old currents reduce the

of the coastal areas. temperature of the coastal
areas.
4. Wind passing over warm currents 4. Passing over cold
absorb a good deal of moisture and currents become dry and
bring heavy rainfall in the coastal cool and bring little rain in
areas. the coastal areas.

5. Currents are of great help to Cold currents hinder

navigation because they melt the navigation because they
icebergs. create ice bergs.

3
Currents Waves
 Ocean currents are, so to say, reverse of Wind blowing over the sea causes big
cold or hot water flowing in an ocean. ripples which we called waves.

Currents move both on the surface and Waves travel out wards on the
subsurface of the oceans. surface of the oceans.

Currents are caused by the change of Waves are caused by winds.

temperatures.

Give Reasons
Q2. CONTRIES INFLUENCED BY COLD CURRENTS INFLUENCE NAVOGATION
2. Countries influenced by cold currents receive very little rainfall because:
Winds passing over cold currents are dry and cold; thus, they do not cause rain.
This is the reason why hot deserts are found near the coastal areas which are
washed by cold currents.
Q5. OCEAN CURRENTS ARE CAUSED
5.Ocean currents are cause due to the following facts:
(a) Prevailing winds blowing in one definite direction cause ocean water
to flow in the same direction and produce current.
(b) Difference in temperature of polar regions and equatorial regions
also causes currents. Water of equatorial reasons expand and flow
 towards the poles, while the cold water of the polar regions flows
towards the equator.
(c) Salinity affects the temperature of the ocean. High salinity increases
the temperature, as a result of which temperature variation causes
currents.
(d) Some local currents are caused by the unequal evaporation in the
two neighboring seas, which producers in the water level of two
seas.