Lessons’ Formulae

Lesson-1. Real Numbers

• LCM (a, b) × HCF (a, b) = a × b

Lesson-2. Polynomials
For quadratic polynomial, ax2 + bx + c
• 𝑏
Sum of zeroes = α + β = −
𝑎
• 𝑐
Product of zeroes = α β =
𝑎
For cubic polynomial, ax + bx2 + cx +d 3

• 𝑏
Sum of zeroes = α + β + γ = −
𝑎
• 𝑑
Product of zeroes = α β γ = −
𝑎
• 𝑐
αβ+βγ+αγ=
𝑎
Lesson-3. Linear equation in two variable

𝑎1 𝑏
𝑎2
≠ 𝑏1 Consistent Intersecting Unique solution
2
𝑎1 𝑏 𝑐1
𝑎2
= 𝑏1 ≠ 𝑐
Inconsistent Parallel No solution
2
𝑎1 𝑏 𝑐1 Dependent and Infinitely many
𝑎2
= 𝑏1 = 𝑐 consistent
coincident
solution
2

Lesson-4. Quadratic Equations

Sridhar Acharya gave Quadratic formula to solve Quadratic equation

P(x) = ax2 + bx + c is a quadratic equation
• Discriminant D = b2 – 4ac
− 𝑏+ √𝑏2− 4 𝑎𝑐 − 𝑏− √𝑏2− 4 𝑎𝑐
α = & β=
2𝑎 2𝑎

− 𝑏+ √𝐷 − 𝑏− √𝐷
α= & β=
2𝑎 2𝑎
➢ Two distinct real roots if b2 – 4ac > 0
➢ Two equal roots if b2 – 4ac = 0
➢ No real roots if b2 – 4ac < 0
Lesson-5. Arithmetic Progression

• General formula of an A.P. is a, a+d, a+2d, a+3d….

• an = a + (n – 1) d
where, a = first term d = common difference
𝒏
• Sum of the first n terms of an AP is given by , Sn = [2a + (n – 1) d]
𝟐
• If l is the last term of the finite AP, say the nth term, then the sum of all
𝒏
terms of the AP isgiven by, Sn = (a + l) (corrected)
𝟐

Lesson-7. Coordinate Geometry

• The distance between P(x1, y1) and Q(x2, y2) is PQ2 = ( x1 - x2)2 + (y1 - y2)2
• Section formula : The co ordinates of the point P(x, y) which divides the
line segment by joining the points A(x1, y1) and B(x2, y2) in the ratio m:n are
𝑚𝑥2 +𝑛𝑥1 𝑚𝑦2 +𝑛𝑦1
(x, y) = ,
𝑚+𝑛 𝑚+𝑛
• The coordinates of the midpoint of the line segment joining the points
P(x1, y1) and Q(x2, y2)
𝒙𝟏 + 𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟏 + 𝒚𝟐
is (x, y) = +
𝟐 𝟐
Lesson-8. Trigonometry

𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
• sinθ =
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
• cosθ =
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
• tanθ =
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒

𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
• cotθ =
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
• cosecθ =
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
• secθ =
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒

1
• sin A =
cosec A
1
• cos A =
sec A
sin 𝐴
• tan A =
cos𝐴

cos 𝐴
• cot A =
sin𝐴
1
• cosec A =
sin𝐴
1
• sec A =
cos 𝐴
• tan A . cot A = 1
• secA . cosA = 1
• cosecA . sinA = 1

• sin2𝜃+ cos2 𝜃 =1
sin2𝜃= 1 - cos2 𝜃
cos2 𝜃 = 1 - sin2𝜃

• sec2 𝜃 - tan2 𝜃 = 1
sec2𝜃 - 1 = tan2 𝜃
sec2 𝜃 = 1 + tan2𝜃

• cosec2𝜃 - cot2 𝜃 = 1
cosec2𝜃 - 1 = cot2𝜃
cosec2 𝜃 = 1 + cot2𝜃
Lesson 11. Areas related to circle
• Circumference of a circle = 2𝜋𝑟
• Area of a circle = 𝜋r2
• Length of minor arc = 𝛱𝑟𝜃
180
• Length of major arc = 2 π r - π r θ
180
2 𝛱𝑟2𝜃
• Area of major sector with angle θ = 𝜋r -
360
• Area of a minor sector of a circle with radius r and angle with degree
measure
𝛱𝑟2𝜃
𝜃=
360
• Area of a major segment of a circle = 𝜋r2 - Area of corresponding minor
segment.
𝛱𝑟2𝜃 1
• Area of a minor segment of a circle = 𝜃 = - x base x height
360 2
1
• Area of a sector of a circle with radius r formed by an arc of length l = 𝜋𝑟l
2
√3
• Area of an equilateral triangle = x (side)2
4
Lesson 12. Surface area and volume

Area

1. Circumference of a circle = 2 𝜋𝑟

2. Area of a circle = 𝜋r2

3. CSA of a cylinder = 2 𝜋𝑟ℎ

4. TSA of a cylinder = 2 𝜋𝑟(ℎ+r)

5. CSA of a cone = 𝜋𝑟𝑙

6. TSA of a cone = 𝜋𝑟 (l + r)

7. l2 = h2 + r2

8. TSA of a sphere = 4 𝜋r2

9. CSA of a hemisphere = 2 𝜋r2

10. TSA of a hemisphere = 3 𝜋r2

Volume

1. Volume of a cylinder = 𝜋r2h

1
2. Volume of a cone = 𝜋r2h
3
4
3. Volume of a sphere = 𝜋r3
3
2
4. Volume of a hemisphere = 𝜋r3
3
5. 1 m3 = 1000 litres

6. 1000 cm3 = 1 litre

Lesson 13. Statistics

Σ fixi
• Direct method : X =
Σ fi
Σ fidi
The assumed mean method : X =a+ Σf
• i
Σ fiui
• The step deviation method : X = a + x h
Σ fi
𝑓1− 𝑓0
• Mode for grouped data = l + xh
2𝑓1− 𝑓0−𝑓2
𝑛
2
−𝑐𝑓
• Median for grouped data = l+( )x h
𝑓
• 3 Median = Mode + 2 Mean

Lesson 14. Probability

𝐹𝑎𝑣𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐴
P(A) =
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠