What Is This Module About?

Have you experienced being asked by your teacher to sum up a plot of a novel
you read or a film you watched? How about reading a long informative essay and briefly
stating its important points after? How did it go? Did you tell the story as it is from the
opening scene to the end credits or did you simply talk about the essential parts of the
novel or movie?

Probably, you did the latter because obviously, it is the more practical choice,
and you did the right thing! More often than not, the gist or the most important part is
what is given out to provide a background, not only in talking about movie plots but
also in writing academic and professional papers.

Welcome to the third module of the first quarter! Here, you will be learning
strategies on how you can simplify longer texts into its most essential parts.This module
contains:

Lesson 1 – Use Various Techniques in Summarizing a variety of Academic Texts

What Will You Learn From This Module?

After studying this module, you should be able to:

♦ Apply various techniques used in summarizing variety of academic text.

Terms that you will encounter in this Module.

1. Summary— a shortened or simplified version of an original text using your own
words
2. Abstract— a summary of the contents of a study or academic text
3. Prěcis— a summary or abstract of a text
4. Reporting Verb— a word used to discuss another person’s writings or assertions

1
 Let’s See What You Already Know
Before you start studying this module, take the following test first to find out
how well you know the topics to be discussed.

Directions: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if it is not.

Write your answers in a separate sheet of paper.
__________ 1. A summary is a brief, clear restatement of the most important points of a
text.
__________ 2. It is safe to include examples and minor details in summarizing.
__________ 3. When writing a summary, it is okay to include any opinions or
background knowledge you have on the topic.
__________ 4. Understanding the text is important in summarizing.
__________ 5. Revising the main idea of the text is not part of summarizing
Directions: Summarize the paragraph below with two to three sentences. Write on a
separate sheet of paper.

There are many beauty pageants held yearly in the Philippines. We have the major
pageants such as the Miss International, Miss World. Aside from these major
contests, there are also small pageants from local television shows. Many young
Filipinas aspire to win one of the crowns at stake. However, to win a crown, you have
to be physically fit, beautiful, smart, and wise. So what does it take to be beautiful
and smart? Young women should see to it that they maintain a healthy and balanced
diet, exercise at least thrice a week and be aware of social and environmental issues.

SUMMARY

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

2
 How was the activity? Do you think you’ve done well? Check your answers in
the Answer Key on page 18 to find it out.

If you got all the correct answers, very good! This shows that you are familiar
about the topics in this module. You may still go through this module to review what
you know. Who knows you might encounter few more things that you’re not yet familiar
with.
If you got a low score, don’t feel bad. This means that this module is for you.
This will helps you understand some important things that you might use in your day to
day activities. If you study this module carefully, you will learn the answers to all of the
items in the test and a lot more! Are you ready? Let’s begin.

3
 Lesson 1

SUMMARIZING TEXT

Let’s Study and Analyze

What is Summarizing Text?
Summarizing a text is a vital skill for your English academic reading and
writing. As you progress in this course, you will be required to read various types of
academic and professional papers. One of the ways for you to test whether you fully
understood what you have read is if you can make a short, clear summary of the main
ideas of the text. If you cannot do this, then you almost certainly haven’t understood it
fully.

Understanding what you read is not just about the words. Rather, it is about
understanding the ideas, how these ideas are organized, and which ideas are more or
less important. But, before you learn some strategies in summarizing, you need to learn
first the basic concepts about summarizing.

What is Summary?

Also known as abstract or prěcis (pray-see), a Summary is a form of writing

that is a product of careful digesting and relating to a shorter form of any long
composition. It is also a form of note-taking that consists of stating briefly, sometimes
in a sentence, sometimes in a paragraph of your own words, the essential ideas together
with some details of the subject that was discussed at greater length in the original form.

Summaries aim to precisely condense a larger work to present only the key ideas.
It conveys the gist of what has been read, listened to, or viewed.

In general, summarizing is to sum

up a text to simplify, condense, or
shorten it into its most important
ideas using your own words.

4
 Let’s Read
Why is summarizing a significant critical reading skill?
Barrot and Sipacio (2017) argues that summarizing is an important skill because it
helps you:
⮚ deepen your understanding of the text;
⮚ learn to identify relevant information or key ideas;

⮚ Combine details or examples that support the main idea and key words presented in
the text; and,
⮚ capture the key ideas in the text and put them together clearly and concisely.

Let’s Remember!

Summarizing a text has so much to do with

comprehension. One cannot summarize
unless he/she is able to understand the key
ideas of what is being read. There are some
guidelines in summarizing a text but first,
Oxford Online English suggests some
below.

Strategies/Techniques in Summarizing
1. Finding the Main Idea

Every coherent text has one central idea which connects the different parts of the text.
You need to find this main idea for you to understand and summarize the text. However,
there is not a single way to find the main idea because every text is different. Instead, you
need to look at the whole thing. Here are some things you should look at:

a. Is there a title or heading? These often highlight important points.

5
 b. What is the first sentence about? Often, the first sentence of a text or a paragraph will
summarize the main ideas. But main ideas can also be located in the middle or at the last
sentence of the text.

c. What does most of the text talk about? Look at each sentence and paragraph. Is there a
single topic that connects them?

2. Separating General Ideas from Details/Examples

Distinguish general ideas from details or examples. It is important that you do not
confuse the general idea from the details because you might misunderstand the overall
meaning of what you are reading. Unfortunately, there are no clear markers which show
you what is general or not. A single sentence might mix general ideas and details together.
So, how are you going to separate general ideas from details?

First, skim the text, reading fast and trying to understand the overall idea in a simple
way. In order to distinguish general ideas from details, you need some context. Until you’ve
read the whole thing, you will not get the text’s context or background.

Second, look for linking phrases like ‘for example’ ‘for instance’, ‘specifically’, or in
particular’. Linking phrases like these show you that what follows is an explanation of a
more general idea that was mentioned before.

Third, remember that one sentence can contain both general ideas and details mixed
together.

3. Identifying Key Words

One of the problems you may often encounter when reading English texts is that there
are words which you do not understand. You might have several words which you do not
know and that makes things more difficult but there are strategies you can use.

First, look for proper nouns, which start with a capital letter. Sometimes you might
think that you do not understand a word, but you do not realize that it is actually a proper
noun like a person’s name or a place name. You can work out that they’re place names
because of the use of the preposition ‘in’.

Next, look for words that tell

6
 Another strategy in finding key words is looking for repeated words. If words are
often repeated in a text that means that word is significant in giving meaning to a text .

So basically, the key in making a good

summary is to first have a grasp of the
essential ideas presented in the text. You
cannot translate it into your own words
and shorten something that you do not
understand.

Things to Remember!
General Guidelines in Summarizing

Now that you have already learned some techniques on how to better understand
what you are reading, here are some general guidelines in summarizing as suggested
by Barrot and Sipacio (2017):
1. Clarify your purpose before you read.

2. Read the text at least twice until you fully understand its content. Locate the gist or
main idea of the text, which can usually be found either at the beginning, in the
middle, or in the end.

3. Highlight key ideas and phrases; another strategy is to annotate the text.

4. Write all the key ideas and phrases you identified on the margins or on your
notebook in a bullet or outline form.

5. Without looking at the text, identify the connections of these key ideas and phrases
using a concept map.

6. List your ideas in sentence form in a concept map.

7. Combine the sentences into a paragraph. Use appropriate transitional devices to

improve cohesion.

8. Never copy in verbatim a single sentence from the original text.

9. Refrain from adding comments about the text. Stick to the ideas it presents.

10. Edit the draft of your summary by eliminating redundant ideas.

7
11. Compare your output with the original text to ensure accuracy.

12. Record the details of the original source (author’s name/s, date of publication, title,
publisher, place of publishing, and URL, (if online). It is not necessary to indicate the
page number/s of the original text in citing sources in summaries.

13. Format your summary properly. When you combine your summaries in a paragraph,
use different formats to show variety in writing. Writing a summary also depends on
certain disciplines and each discipline would require specific guidelines.

Academic writing would require you to adhere to these guidelines and structures
retrieved from University of New South Wales
(htttp://student.unsw.edu.au/paraphrasing-summarizing-and-quoting) as cited in Barrot
& Sipacio. (2017)

Structure of an Abstract, a Prěcis, or

Summary Research Abstract usually
contains 150 to 300 words; It does not
use any citation; It does not include
specific result statistics, and last to be
written.

8
Sample Research Abstract

The study was premised on the following assumptions: 1.The stakeholders

are very much aware of the Vision, Mission and Goals (VMG) of the University
of Saint Anthony, Iriga City, and; 2. The Vision, Mission and Goals (VMG) of
University of Saint Anthony, Iriga City are very much employed, and; 3. There
are measures to be done to attain the university’s Vision, Mission, and Goals.
In the light of the findings, the following conclusions were drawn: 1. The
department heads and the teaching staff were very much aware of the Vision,
Mission and Goals of the University of Saint Anthony, while the MA graduate
students were much aware; 2. The vision, mission and goals of the University of
Saint Anthony were very much employed as perceived by the department heads
and the teaching staff, while it was much employed by the MA graduate students;
3. There is significant agreement on the perceptions of the respondents on the
extent of implementation of the Vision, Mission and Goals (VMG) of University
of Saint Anthony, Iriga City; 4. There are proposed measures to be adopted to
attain the university’s Vision, Mission, and Goals.
corporal, milany 2014, usantvmg maresearch, usant graduateschoolstudiesand
research,
iriga city
Summary of Expository Texts
✔ Condenses information into 15 to 30% of the original text;

✔ It is achieved by getting the thesis statement of the text and the main idea or topic
sentence of each paragraph;
✔ Main ideas are combined into a paragraph using cohesive devices;

✔ Name of the author and the title of the article are indicated in the first sentence.

9
Sample Expository text

Lockdowns and policy actions to curtail the transmission of COVID-

19 have widespread health system, economic, and societal impacts. Health
systems of low-to-middle-income countries may have fewer buffering
resources and capacity against shocks from a pandemic. This paper presents a
preliminary review on the collateral health systems impact of COVID-19 in
the Philippines through review of academic and grey literature, supplemented
by a qualitative survey. Community quarantines alongside transport and
boarder restrictions have universally impacted health service access and
delivery, affecting patients requiring specialist care the most. Existing record-
keeping and surveillance measures were hampered as existing resources were
tapped to perform COVID19-related tasks. Local health systems reinforced
gatekeeping mechanisms for secondary and tertiary care through referral
systems and implemented telemedicine services to reduce face-to-face
consultation. The health system impacts in the Philippines have been
variegated across municipal income class and topography, contributed by long-
standing symptoms of inequitable resource allocation.
https://ndrrmc.gov.ph

Formats in Summarizing.
The three formats that you may use in writing summaries are the following:

1. Idea Heading Format

In this format, the summarized idea comes before the citation.

Example:

Benchmarking is a useful strategy that has the potential to help public

officials improve the performance of local services (Folz, 2004; Ammons, 2001).
Once the practice of a particular city is benchmarked, it can be a guidepost and the
basis for the other counterparts to improve its own.
https://thinkinsights.net>strategy

10
2. Author Heading Format

In this format, the summarized idea comes after the citation. The author’s name/s
is/are connected by an appropriate reporting verb.

Example:

The considerable number of users of FB has led educators to utilize FB for

communicating with their students (Grant, 2008; as cited in Donmus, 2010). The study
of Kabilan, Ahmad and Abidin (2010) shows that the students perceived FB as an
online environment to expedite language learning specifically English. Donmus
(2010) asserts that educational games on FB fecundate learning process and make
students’ learning environment more engaging. As regards literacy, this notion reveals
that
FB could be used as a tool to aid individuals execute a range of social acts through social
literacy implementation (ibid). Blackstone and Hardwood
(2012) suggest the facilitative strength of FB as it elicits greater engagement on
collaboration among students.
https://jedem.org>view

3. Date Heading Format

In this format, the summarized idea comes after the date when the material was
published.

Example:

On the other hand, active participation of the citizens in development

contributes to a sound and reasonable government decisions. In their 2004 study
on the impact of participatory development approach, Irvin and Stansbury
argue that participation can be valuable to the participants and the
government in terms of the process and outcomes of decision making.
https://en.m.wikipedia.org>wiki

11
 Let’s Read!

Using Reporting Verbs when Summarizing

A reporting verb is a word used to discuss another person’s writings or

assertions. They are generally used to incorporate the source to the discussion in the
text. To illustrate, see the sample text below. Reporting verbs are italicized.

Having syntactically correct sentence is not enough to create meaning. As Noam

Chomsky pointed out, a sentence can be perfect in terms of syntax and still not make
sense. He showed this by coming up with the famous sentence, “Colorless green ideas
sleep furiously”. (Chomsky, 1957).

To make your summary more interesting and to show importance to each of your
sources, you should vary the verbs you use. You can use the past or the present tense of
the verb depending on your meaning.

⮚ Use the past tense if you think the idea is outdated and you want to negate it.

⮚The use of the present tense, on the other hand, indicates that you view the idea to be
relevant or agreeable.

⮚Reporting verbs are used according to discipline. Hyland (1999) lists a frequency of
reporting verbs according to discipline.

Perfect! Now, I know that you

already have an idea on how to
properly summarize a text using the
various academic text, let us apply it.

Let’s Try This

Instructions: Answer the few questions below to check whether you have learned the
essential process of summarizing.
1. What are the steps in summarizing?
____________________________ __________________________
____________________________ __________________________

12
 2. What are the techniques or strategies in Summarizing?
____________________________ __________________________
____________________________ __________________________

Let’s see what have you learned

Now that you have already learned the techniques in

understanding a text—getting the main idea,
separating general idea from details, and identifying
key words— let us check whether you can arrive at
the summary of the text below.

Practice Task 1

13
Directions: Skim through each text and identify its most appropriate summary. Write
only the letter/s of your choice on a separate sheet of paper. Each item is worth 5
points.

From Bowie to McCartney, Oasis to Coldplay and a thousand other acts you’ve
probably never heard of—Toots and the Maytals, anyone?—if you make your living from
music, there is only one place to play the ultimate gig: a field in the south-west of England
in the last week of June. This is the Glastonbury Festival, the largest music event in the
world, which takes place nearly every summer, come rain or shine, and attracts both the
biggest star names and the largest crowds.

Though it started fairly small in 1970, these days over 100,000 people attend, the
majority of whom stay for the full five days, camping overnight in tents. It’s not just
about music. To give it its full name, the Glastonbury Festival of Contemporary
Performing Arts promises a diverse program, including circus acts, experimental theatre
and new-age dance, but also yoga sessions, palm readers, demonstrations of vegan
cooking, and the usual crowd of money-makers found at any large public gathering.

The thousands surely come for the headline bands, but many veterans claim it’s
the bits away from the main stage that really create the memories. After all, when Paul
McCartney plays, you’ll be standing half a mile away; it’s the closer encounters with
pioneers of reggae like Toots and the Maytals—as you munch on your veggie burger—
that make Glastonbury the glorious experience it is.

Source: https://www.oxfordonlineenglish.com/how-to-summarise-text

1. Which do you think is the best summary of the text?

A. The text describes the Glastonbury Festival as two very different events – one with
big name rock stars and the other with musicians who are not famous, but just as
good.

B. The text describes the history of the Glastonbury Festival, how many people go to
it and some of the big names who have played there.

14
C. The text describes who you can see at the Glastonbury Festival, including the world's
most famous music stars and lesser-known bands or non-musicians who are even more
memorable.

Guugu Yimithirr—an unusual Australian language

Guugu Yimithirr is an indigenous Australian language, spoken in northern

Queensland; the majority of speakers live in the town of Hopevale. The English
word ‘kangaroo’ originates from Guugu Yimithirr, but the language is perhaps more
notable for entirely lacking ‘egocentric’ directions. This means that there are no
words for ‘left’, ‘right’, ‘backwards’ or ‘forwards’, and speakers of Guugu
Yimithirr give directions exclusively using points of the compass. For example, you
might hear “Your pen is on the table, just north of the fruit bowl.” While this sounds
strange in English, a Guugu Yimithirr speaker would see nothing odd about it.
Linguists and anthropologists investigating this unusual trait discovered that Guugu
Yimithirr speakers use subtle environmental cues to orient themselves to the points
of the compass; specifically, they use the position of the sun, the position of
landmarks, or the way that plants grow. In this way, they are always aware of where
north, south, east and west are, although they can temporarily lose this ability if they
move a large distance, for example if they fly to another region. A group of Guugu
Yimithirr speakers who were flown to Brisbane—a journey of around 2000km—
were unable to identify compass directions for around one week after their journey;
thereafter, they became oriented and were able to communicate direction and
position as they usually would.

Source: https://www.oxfordonlineenglish.com/how-to-summarise-text

2. Which do you think is the best summary of the text?

A. This text is about Guugu Yimithirr, and it gives some information about the history
of the language and how it has changed over time.

B. The text is about indigenous Australian languages which are spoken in northern
Australia, and which are often different from European languages in interesting
ways.

15
C. The text is about Guugu Yimithirr, an Australian language which is unusual because

it does not have words for ‘left’, ‘right’, ‘forward’ or ‘backward’.

It’s not what you say – it’s what you don’t!

Euphemisms are metaphorical expressions which we say in order to avoid using

words that sound unpleasant or uncomfortable. English is not alone in having plenty of
them, but they are certainly in common use, particularly in Britain, where the cultural
sensitivities of the 19th century still linger in many parts of society. Back then, if you
needed to go to the toilet, you couldn’t simply announce the fact using the word ‘toilet’.
Women might say they were “going to powder their nose” while men would “go to the
little boys’ room” and people of either sex could “spend a penny”—this being the original
price of using a public lavatory in London.

All three euphemisms, and many more, are still used regularly. English probably has an
indirect way of avoiding almost any topic you can think of, from embarrassing intimate
things like romance— “are they stepping out?”—to the most intrusive of matters to the
English mind: how much money someone earns— “I bet he takes home a packet”. Yet,
there is no subject more laden with euphemisms than the one thing that’s going to happen
to every one of us. Whether he “goes to meet his maker”, “kicks the bucket”, “pops his
clogs”,
https://examples.yourdictionary.com

3. Which is the best summary of the text?

A. The text is about the alternative expressions, called euphemisms, which English people
can use to avoid mentioning uncomfortable topics, such as death.

B. The text is about why English people prefer to use alternative expressions rather than
talking about death, romance, money and going to the toilet.

C. The text is about metaphorical expressions which we say in order to avoid using words that
sound unpleasant or uncomfortable.

16
 It seems like you already know how to digest
the essential parts of the text to arrive at a
possible summary. Did the previous
discussions help you? Great! This time, you
will be the one to find the key ideas and phrases
in the following texts.

Let’s Try This

Instructions: Read carefully the following texts. Underline/ highlight the key ideas and
phrases in the text. Write a summary of one to two sentences of the selection using as many of
the main idea words as possible. Write your summary in another sheet of paper.
Your summary will be rated using the rubric below.

4 3 2 1

Length Number of Number of Number of Number of

words is less words is more words is the words exceeded
than half of the than half of the same as that of that
original text original text the original text of the original
text
Accuracy All statements Most statements Some Most statements
are accurate and are accurate and statements cite cite outside
verified by the verified by the outside information or
text. text. information or opinions.
opinions
Paraphrasing No more than One sentence Two sentences 3+ sentences
4 words in a contains more contain more contain more
row taken than 4 words than 4 words than 4 words
directly from in a row taken in a row taken in a row taken
the text directly from directly from directly from
the text the text the text
Focus Summary Summary Summary Main idea of
consists of main consists of main consists of main the text was not
idea and idea and some idea and lots of discussed.
important minor details. minor details.
details only.
Conventions No more than 2-3 4-5 6+
One punctuation, punctuation, punctuation,
punctuation, grammar, and grammar, and grammar, and
grammar, or spelling errors spelling errors spelling errors
spelling error

17
 Text 1

When one hears the term “reality” applied to a television show, one might expect
that the events occurred naturally or, at the least, were not scripted, but this is not always
the case. Many reality shows occur in unreal environments, like rented mansions occupied
by film crews. These living environments do not reflect what most people understand to
be “reality.” Worse, there have been accusations that events not captured on film were
later restaged by producers.

Worse still, some involved in the production of “reality” television claim that the
participants were urged to act out story lines premeditated by producers. With such
accusations floating around, it’s no wonder many people take reality TV to be about as
real as the sitcom.
Summary:
_______________________________________________________________________
________________
_______________________________________________________________________
Practice Task 2
________________
Reading Text
Total Number of Words: ______________
Score based on rubric:_____/20
Source: https://www.ereadingworksheets.com/free-reading-worksheets/reading-comprehensionworksheets/
Questions
summarizing-worksheets-and-activities

Text 2

There are many types of lethal venom in the animal kingdom, but perhaps no stranger
carrier than the platypus. The platypus is one of few venomous mammals. Males carry a venom
cocktail in their ankle spurs that paralyzes victims with excruciating pain. Stranger still, the
platypus is the only mammal that uses electroreception. What this means is that the platypus uses
its bill to sense the electricity produced by the muscular movements of its prey. The platypus
neither sees, hears, nor smells its prey while hunting but, rather, pursues it through
electroreception. Perhaps most odd, the platypus is the only mammal that lays eggs rather than
giving birth to live young. The platypus is an odd creature indeed.

Summary:___________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
__
Total Number of Words: ______________
Score based on rubric: ______/20

Source: https://www.ereadingworksheets.com/free-reading-worksheets/reading-comprehensionworksheets/
summarizing-worksheets-and-activities

Text 3

Women entrepreneurs in the developing world often face challenges that limit
their chances for success and growth. They often have less access to education than
men and have difficulty getting financing
18 on their own. But with an understanding of
the essential aspects of doing business – such as planning, financing, networking and
marketing – they can overcome those obstacles. That's where the 10,000 Women
 Nice! You are showing good progress by being able
to summarize a paragraph in your own words. I
hope you’ll do well again in your next task. Aside
from getting the gist or main ideas of the text in
order for you to write only the essential points and
details, you also have to cite the source of the text
(if the source is given), employ summarizing
format, and use appropriate reporting verbs. Below
is no longer a paragraph but an essay for you to
summarize.

Let’s See What have you Learned

Directions: Read and understand the content of the essay. Using the techniques and
guidelines you learned, summarize the text in your own words. Be guided by the
rubric below.

RUBRICS FOR EVALUATING A SUMMARY

19
 CRITERIA VGE GE SE LE N
5 4 3 2 1
The summary accurately reflects the
message of the original text.
The summary reworded the key ideas in
the original text without compromising
the accuracy or content.
The summary incorporates only the key
ideas.
The summary does not contain any
personal comments or opinions.
The summary cites sources properly.
The summary is shorter than the original
text.
The summary uses appropriate
reporting verbs.
The summary uses different heading
formats.
The summary has smooth transitions.
The summary is free from grammatical
errors
TOTAL
SOURCE:
Barrot & Sipacio. (2017). Communicate Today ENGLISH for Academic &
Professional Purposes for SHS. Quezon City: C&E Publishing, Inc.

Legend: VGE- To a very great extent; GE- To a great extent; SE- To some extent; LE-
To a little extent; N- Not at all

Rating: VGE: 41-50; GE: 31-40; SE: 21-30; LE: 11-20; N: 10

So That Nobody Has to Go to School If They Don't Want To

by Roger Sipher

A decline in standardized test scores is but the most recent indicator that
American education is in trouble.

One reason for the crisis is that present mandatory-attendance laws force
many to attend school who have no wish to be there.

Such children have little desire to learn and are so antagonistic to school that
neither they nor more highly motivated students receive the quality education that is
the birthright of every American.

The solution to this problem is simple: Abolish compulsory-attendance laws and

Thisthose
allow only willwho
notareend public education.
committed to getting anContrary
educationtoto attend.
conventional belief,
legislators enacted compulsory-attendance laws to legalize what already existed.
William Landes and Lewis Solomon, economists, found little evidence that
20number of children in school. They found,
mandatory-attendance laws increased the
too, that school systems have never effectively enforced such laws, usually because
21
Third, grades would show what they are supposed to: how well a student is
learning. Parents could again read report cards and know if their children
were making progress.
Fourth, public esteem for schools would increase. People would stop
regarding them as way stations for adolescents and start thinking of them as
institutions for educating America's youth.
Fifth, elementary schools would change because students would find
out early they had better learn something or risk flunking out later.
Elementary teachers would no longer have to pass their failures on to junior
high and high school.
Sixth, the cost of enforcing compulsory education would be
eliminated. Despite enforcement efforts, nearly 15 percent of the school-age
children in our largest cities are almost permanently absent from school.

Communities could use these savings to support institutions to deal with

young people not in school. If, in the long run, these institutions prove more costly,
at least we would not confuse their mission with that of schools.

Schools should be for education. At present, they are only tangentially so.
They have attempted to serve an all-encompassing social function, trying to be all
things to all people. In the process they have failed miserably at what they were
originally formed to accomplish.

Source:
Write
Sipher,your summary
Roger. onNobody
“So That a separate
Has sheet
to Go of
to paper
School. If They Don't Want To.”
The New York Times, 19 Dec. 1977, p. 31.
SUMMARY:
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

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 Congratulations! Getting this far
means you can already use the
different strategies and techniques in
summarizing academic texts. I hope
all those practice tasks helped you get
through with it. Now, why don’t we
go check how much you learned in
this module?

Let’s Sum Up

Summarizing is useful in many types of writing and of different types

of writing process. Summarizing is use to support an argument, provide context
for a paper or thesis, write a literature review and annotate the bibliography. The
benefits of summarizing lies in the shadowing of big pictures which allows the
reader to contextualize what you are saying.

What Have You Learned?

Directions: Write E if the statement shows an effective strategy in writing an

abstract, precis, or summary; and N if not.
__________ 1. David copies in verbatim some of the sentences from the original text.
__________ 2. Hazel highlights the key ideas in the original text while reading it.
__________ 3. Glenn adds his own explanation to some of the key ideas he writes in
his summary.
__________ 4. Monica uses appropriate reporting verbs in her summary.
__________ 5. Sarah reads the original text several times until she fully understands
It.
__________ 6. Anjo concentrates on the important details.
__________ 7. Irene writes a research abstract without any major findings in it.

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 __________ 8. Aimee reads her summary and compares it to the original text.
_________ 9. Marionne presents her summary in bullet form.
__________ 10. Pio writes in his summary how he feels after reading the text to be
summarized.
__________ 11. Vanessa looks for key words and phrases.
__________ 12. Darwin simplifies ideas.
__________ 13. Giovani does not acknowledge the original source in his summary.
__________ 14. Lily revised the main idea of the text.
__________ 15. Sheila extended the message of the text and included some of her
interpretations.

Assignment!

Choose your favorite book or movie and write a summary of its plot. Make
sure to follow the format below. Write your summary in a separate sheet of paper.
● Times New Roman, 12
● 1.5 spacing
● 1” margin on all sides
● Short bond paper

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 Answer Keys!

PRETEST – Let’s see what you already know

1. TRUE
2. FALSE
3. FALSE
4. TRUE
5. FALSE
(Students answers may vary depending upon their understanding on the passage)
 Beauty pageants held yearly in the Philippines and many of Filipina joining
the beauty pageant, and they aspire to win the crown. In order to win a crown,
young women should see to it that they maintain a healthy and
balanced diet, exercise at least rice a week in order to be beautiful, and
be aware of social and environmental issues.

Practice Task (pp.8) Let’s try this

TECHNIQUES:
✔ Finding the main idea
✔ Separating general idea from details
✔ Finding key words
SIGNIFICANCE
✔ deepen your understanding of the text;
✔ learn to identify relevant information or key ideas;
✔ combine details or examples that support the main idea and key words
presented in the text; and,
✔ capture the key ideas in the text and put them together clearly and
concisely.
FORMATS
✔ Idea heading format
✔ Author heading format
✔ Date heading format
GUIDELINES
(Students may give any of the guidelines given in the discussion)

PRACTICE TASK 1 (pp 9-10)

1. C
2. C
3. A
PRACTICE TASK 2 (pp. 12-13)
Total number of words used, and amount saved by every student may vary.
TEXT 1 EXAMPLE SUMMARY
Reality TV shows are not very realistic because they are filmed in unrealistic places,
may contain restaged events, and may be scripted.
TEXT 2 EXAMPLE SUMMARY
The platypus is a strange mammal because it has venom, uses its beak to sense prey,
and lays eggs.
TEXT 3 EXAMPLE SUMMARY
The 10,000 Women Initiative helps women entrepreneurs in developing nations to
understand the cornerstones of the business world, overcoming various challenges and
helping their communities and countries.
PRACTICE TASK 3 (pp. 13-14)

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 EXAMPLE SUMMARY
Roger Sipher (1977) makes his case for getting rid of compulsory attendance laws in
primary and secondary schools with six arguments. These fall into three groups—first
that education is for those who want to learn and by including those that don't want to
learn, everyone suffers. Second, that grades would be reflective of effort and
elementary school teachers wouldn't feel compelled to pass failing students. Third,
that schools would both save money and save face with the elimination of
compulsory-attendance laws
POST TEST- What have you learned?
1. N
2. E
3. N
4. E
5. E
6. E
7. N
8. E
9. N
10. N
11. E
12. E
13. N
14. N
15. N

References
SFU https://www.lib.sfu.ca.summarizing

Barrot & Sipacio. (2017). Communicate today ENGLISH for academic & professional
purposes for SHS. Quezon City: C&E Publishing, Inc.

https://pdfcoffee.com>module-moduleeapp

https://www.academia.edu>English

https://www.deped.gov.ph>roveapp

https://www.usant.gradschool.ma.thesis>corporal

https://www.teacher.com.ph/english

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