1.

Which of the following is used to limit the scope of a broadcast in an Ethernet

network?
a) Router
b) Switch
c) Bridge
d) Hub
2. Which protocol is responsible for the conversion of a domain name to an IP
address?
a) FTP
b) ICMP
c) DNS
d) SMTP
3. What is the maximum number of hosts that can be configured in a subnet with a
subnet mask of 255.255.254.0?
a) 510
b) 1022
c) 254
d) 512
4. Which type of routing protocol is used by RIP?
a) Link-state
b) Path-vector
c) Distance-vector
d) Hybrid
5. Which of the following protocols is used to verify the status of a device on a
network?
a) ARP
b) ICMP
c) DNS
d) FTP
6. Which of the following is not a characteristic of OSPF?
a) It uses Dijkstra's algorithm
b) It is a link-state protocol
c) It is a distance-vector protocol
d) It supports VLSM
7. Which routing protocol uses a metric based on bandwidth and delay?
a) RIP
b) OSPF
c) EIGRP
d) BGP
8. What does the "TTL" field in an IP packet represent?
a) Time To Life
b) Time To Live
c) Transmission Time Limit
d) Total Transmission Length
9. Which of the following statements is true about VLANs?
a) VLANs allow broadcast traffic to propagate across different physical networks.
 b) VLANs can only exist on Layer 2 devices.
c) VLANs reduce the size of broadcast domains.
d) VLANs use different IP address spaces than physical LANs.
10. What does the "metric" refer to in a routing protocol like OSPF or RIP?
a) The number of hops a packet must take
b) The speed of the route
c) The reliability of the path
d) The number of devices in the network
11. Which IP address range is used for private IP addresses in a Class B network?
a) 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255
b) 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255
c) 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255
d) 127.0.0.0 - 127.255.255.255
12. Which device operates at Layer 3 of the OSI model?
a) Router
b) Switch
c) Hub
d) Repeater
13. What type of attack is mitigated by the use of a DMZ (Demilitarized Zone)?
a) Man-in-the-middle attack
b) Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack
c) Spoofing
d) Unauthorized access to internal resources
14. Which protocol is used to assign IP addresses dynamically to devices in a network?
a) DNS
b) DHCP
c) FTP
d) SMTP
15. Which of the following is an example of a Layer 4 protocol?
a) IP
b) TCP
c) Ethernet
d) ARP
16. What is the maximum transmission speed of the 1000BASE-T Ethernet standard?
a) 10 Gbps
b) 100 Mbps
c) 1 Gbps
d) 10 Mbps
17. Which routing protocol uses the concept of "hello packets" to establish neighbor
relationships?
a) RIP
b) OSPF
c) EIGRP
d) BGP
18. Which technology allows for the allocation of multiple virtual networks on a single
physical network infrastructure?
 a) VLAN
b) NAT
c) VPN
d) STP
19. In which layer of the OSI model do routers operate?
a) Layer 2
b) Layer 3
c) Layer 4
d) Layer 5
20. What is the key advantage of MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching)?
a) Reduced need for IP routing tables
b) Enhanced encryption
c) Faster delivery of video packets
d) Improved DNS resolution
21. What protocol is used for secure communication between web browsers and
servers?
a) HTTP
b) HTTPS
c) FTP
d) DNS
22. Which of the following protocols operates at the Data Link layer of the OSI model?
a) IP
b) ARP
c) Ethernet
d) DNS
23. Which command is used to display the routing table in a Cisco router?
a) show routes
b) show ip route
c) display routing
d) route show
24. What does the "subnet mask" determine in an IP network?
a) The number of available IP addresses
b) The length of the network portion of the IP address
c) The maximum number of devices that can communicate
d) The range of valid IP addresses
25. What is the primary difference between RIP and OSPF?
a) RIP is a link-state protocol, while OSPF is distance-vector
b) RIP uses hop count as a metric, while OSPF uses bandwidth
c) RIP supports VLSM, but OSPF does not
d) RIP is faster in convergence than OSPF
26. Which of the following is a characteristic of a Class C IP address?
a) The first octet is between 128 and 191
b) The default subnet mask is 255.255.255.0
c) The first octet is between 1 and 127
d) It supports up to 16 million hosts
27. What does the ARP protocol resolve?
a) Converts a domain name to an IP address
b) Resolves an IP address to a MAC address
c) Resolves an IP address to a DNS server
d) Maps an IP address to a port number
28. Which command is used in Cisco IOS to configure an interface with an IP address?
a) ip address
b) configure ip
c) set ip
d) ip address [IP address] [subnet mask]
29. Which of the following is true about a "broadcast domain"?
a) Devices in the same broadcast domain receive all broadcast packets
b) A broadcast domain spans multiple subnets
c) Routers do not forward broadcast traffic between broadcast domains
d) A broadcast domain is only used in wireless networks
30. Which protocol provides a reliable, connection-oriented service for transmitting
data between two devices?
a) UDP
b) IP
c) TCP
d) ICMP

1. Answer: a) Router
Explanation: A router is responsible for limiting the scope of broadcast traffic by
segmenting networks into different subnets.
2. Answer: c) DNS
Explanation: DNS (Domain Name System) is responsible for converting domain
names (like www.example.com) to IP addresses.
3. Answer: b) 1022
Explanation: With a subnet mask of 255.255.254.0, you get a subnet with 1024
addresses, and subtracting 2 for network and broadcast addresses leaves 1022
usable host addresses.
4. Answer: c) Distance-vector
Explanation: RIP (Routing Information Protocol) is a distance-vector routing
protocol that uses hop count as its metric.
5. Answer: b) ICMP
Explanation: ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) is used for
diagnostics, such as ping, to verify whether a device is reachable on a network.
6. Answer: c) It is a distance-vector protocol
Explanation: OSPF is a link-state protocol, not a distance-vector one. OSPF uses
the Dijkstra algorithm to determine the best route.
7. Answer: c) EIGRP
Explanation: EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol) uses a
metric based on bandwidth and delay, making it more efficient in handling
dynamic networks.
8. Answer: b) Time To Live
Explanation: TTL (Time To Live) in an IP packet indicates the maximum
number of hops the packet can make before being discarded.
9. Answer: c) VLANs reduce the size of broadcast domains
Explanation: VLANs (Virtual Local Area Networks) are used to partition a
physical network into smaller logical segments to reduce broadcast traffic.
10. Answer: a) The number of hops a packet must take
Explanation: The metric in a routing protocol like RIP is based on hop count. In
other protocols like OSPF, the metric could be based on bandwidth or other
factors.
11. Answer: b) 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255
Explanation: This range falls within the Class B private IP address range defined
for private use.
12. Answer: a) Router
Explanation: A router operates at Layer 3 of the OSI model, which is the
Network Layer responsible for routing packets between different networks.
13. Answer: b) Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack
Explanation: A DMZ (Demilitarized Zone) is used to isolate external-facing
servers (such as web servers) from internal networks to mitigate external attacks
like DDoS.
14. Answer: b) DHCP
Explanation: DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) is used to
dynamically assign IP addresses to devices on a network.
15. Answer: b) TCP
Explanation: TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) operates at Layer 4
(Transport Layer) of the OSI model, providing reliable, connection-oriented
communication.
16. Answer: c) 1 Gbps
Explanation: 1000BASE-T is a standard for Ethernet that supports a maximum
data rate of 1 Gbps over twisted pair cabling.
17. Answer: b) OSPF
Explanation: OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) uses hello packets to establish
and maintain neighbor relationships with routers in the same area.
18. Answer: a) VLAN
Explanation: VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) allows multiple logical
networks (virtual networks) to exist on a single physical network infrastructure.
19. Answer: b) Layer 3
Explanation: Routers operate at Layer 3 (Network Layer), where they are
responsible for forwarding packets between different networks.
20. Answer: a) Reduced need for IP routing tables
Explanation: MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching) improves routing
 efficiency by using labels instead of IP addresses, reducing the complexity of
routing tables.
21. Answer: b) HTTPS
Explanation: HTTPS (HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure) is the secure
version of HTTP, using SSL/TLS to encrypt the communication between web
browsers and servers.
22. Answer: c) Ethernet
Explanation: Ethernet operates at the Data Link Layer (Layer 2) of the OSI
model, dealing with MAC addresses for local network communication.
23. Answer: b) show ip route
Explanation: The "show ip route" command displays the routing table in a Cisco
router, listing all known routes.
24. Answer: b) The length of the network portion of the IP address
Explanation: The subnet mask determines the network portion of an IP address
by indicating how many bits are used for the network address.
25. Answer: b) RIP uses hop count as a metric, while OSPF uses bandwidth
Explanation: RIP uses hop count as a metric, while OSPF uses a more complex
metric based on link bandwidth.
26. Answer: b) The default subnet mask is 255.255.255.0
Explanation: A Class C address uses a default subnet mask of 255.255.255.0,
supporting up to 254 usable hosts per subnet.
27. Answer: b) Resolves an IP address to a MAC address
Explanation: ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) resolves IP addresses to
MAC addresses, enabling communication within a local network.
28. Answer: d) ip address [IP address] [subnet mask]
Explanation: The ip address command is used in Cisco IOS to configure an IP
address and subnet mask on an interface.
29. Answer: a) Devices in the same broadcast domain receive all broadcast
packets
Explanation: A broadcast domain is a network segment where all devices
receive broadcast packets sent within that segment.
30. Answer: c) TCP
Explanation: TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is connection-oriented,
ensuring reliable transmission of data between devices, unlike UDP, which is
connectionless.