Engineering Encyclopedia

Saudi Aramco DeskTop Standards

API STORAGE TANKS

Note: The source of the technical material in this volume is the Professional
Engineering Development Program (PEDP) of Engineering Services.
Warning: The material contained in this document was developed for Saudi
Aramco and is intended for the exclusive use of Saudi Aramco’s employees.
Any material contained in this document which is not already in the public
domain may not be copied, reproduced, sold, given, or disclosed to third
parties, or otherwise used in whole, or in part, without the written permission
of the Vice President, Engineering Services, Saudi Aramco.

Chapter : Civil and Structural For additional information on this subject, contact
File Reference: CSE-110.01 PEDD Coordinator on 874-6556
Engineering Encyclopedia Analysis and Design of Tanks, Vessels and Piping

API Storage Tanks

MODULE COMPONENT PAGE

INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................. 7

TYPES, COMPONENTS, AND USES OF STORAGE TANKS ....................................... 8

Background ........................................................................................................ 8
API Atmospheric Storage Tanks ........................................................................ 8
Supported Cone Roof Tank ....................................................................... 8
Self-Supporting Fixed Roof Tank ............................................................... 9
Floating Roof Tank................................................................................... 11
Fixed Roof with Internal Floating Roof Tank ............................................ 12
API Low-Pressure Storage Tanks .................................................................... 14
Single-Walled, Low-Pressure Tank.......................................................... 14
Double-Walled, Low-Pressure Tank ........................................................ 16
Spheroidal Low-Pressure Tank................................................................ 17
Spherical Low-Pressure Tank.................................................................. 18
Other Storage Tanks ........................................................................................ 19
APPLICABLE CODES AND STANDARDS FOR SELECTED STORAGE
TANKS .......................................................................................................................... 20
Codes and Standards for API Atmospheric Storage Tanks.............................. 20
API Standard 650, Welded Steel Tanks for Oil Storage........................... 20
API 653, Tank Inspection, Repair, Alteration and Reconstruction ........... 21
SAES-A-004, Pressure Testing ............................................................... 22
SAES-B-005, Spacing and Diking for Atmospheric and Low-
Pressure Tanks........................................................................................ 22
SAES-B-007B, Air Foam Systems for Storage Tanks ............................. 22
SAES-D-100, Atmospheric and Low-Pressure Tanks.............................. 22
SAES-D-108, Storage Tank Integrity ....................................................... 23
32-SAMSS-005, Atmospheric Steel Tanks .............................................. 23
Codes and Standards for API Low-Pressure Storage Tanks ................... 23
API Standard 620, Design and Construction of Large, Welded,
Low-Pressure Storage Tanks .................................................................. 23
SAES-A-004, Pressure Testing ............................................................... 24

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SAES-B-005, Spacing and Diking for Atmospheric and Low-

Pressure Tanks........................................................................................ 24
SAES-D-100, Atmospheric and Low-Pressure Tanks.............................. 24
32-SAMSS-006, Large Welded Low-Pressure Tanks .............................. 24
TYPES, MECHANICAL PROPERTIES, AND ALLOWABLE STRESSES OF
STEELS COMMONLY USED FOR STORAGE TANKS................................................ 25
Background ...................................................................................................... 25
Design Metal Temperature ...................................................................... 25
Minimum Tensile Strength ....................................................................... 26
Minimum Yield Strength........................................................................... 26
Allowable Stresses................................................................................... 26
Allowable Types of Steels ................................................................................ 27
Atmospheric Storage Tanks..................................................................... 27
Low-Pressure Storage Tanks .................................................................. 32
CALCULATING CIVIL/MECHANICAL LOADS FOR ATMOSPHERIC
STORAGE TANKS........................................................................................................ 33
Background ...................................................................................................... 33
Estimating the Minimum Acceptable Thickness of Tank Components ............. 33
API One-Foot Method .............................................................................. 34
Minimum Shell Course Thicknesses for Construction Purposes.............. 35
Minimum Thicknesses for Tank Bottoms ................................................. 37
Weight Loads ................................................................................................... 38
Background.............................................................................................. 38
Procedures .............................................................................................. 38
Total Pressure and Equivalent Liquid Height.................................................... 41
Background.............................................................................................. 41
Procedures .............................................................................................. 45
Roof Live Load ................................................................................................. 46
Background.............................................................................................. 46
Procedure ................................................................................................ 46
Wind Loads ...................................................................................................... 48
Background.............................................................................................. 48

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Saudi Aramco Standards.................................................................................. 49

Formulas .......................................................................................................... 50
Wind Loads ...................................................................................................... 50
Wind Roof-Lift Loading ..................................................................................... 53
Earthquake Base-Overturning Moment ............................................................ 55
Background.............................................................................................. 55
Saudi Aramco Standards ......................................................................... 55
Seismic Zones ......................................................................................... 56
Formulas.................................................................................................. 56
Appurtenances ................................................................................................. 60
MECHANICAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR ADDITIONS OR MODIFICATIONS
TO THE APPURTENANCES ON A STORAGE TANK.................................................. 61
Background ...................................................................................................... 61
Membrane Stress ............................................................................................. 61
Bending Stress ................................................................................................. 61
Peak Stresses .................................................................................................. 63
Changes in Dead Weight.................................................................................. 64
Attachments ..................................................................................................... 64
Ladders or Spiral Stairways ..................................................................... 64
Platforms.................................................................................................. 65
Accesses ................................................................................................. 65
Supports .................................................................................................. 67
USES OF VARIOUS TYPES OF FOUNDATIONS FOR STORAGE TANKS ................ 68
General............................................................................................................. 68
Soil ................................................................................................................... 69
Preloading................................................................................................ 70
Compaction.............................................................................................. 70
Excavation and Backfill ............................................................................ 70
Types of Foundations ....................................................................................... 70
Compacted Earth with Oiled Sand Pad.................................................... 71
Ringwalls ................................................................................................. 71
Concrete Pad........................................................................................... 73

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Piled Foundation ...................................................................................... 74

Saudi Aramco Requirements............................................................................ 76
32-SAMSS-005, Atmospheric Steel Tanks .............................................. 76
32-SAMSS-006, Large, Low-Pressure Storage Tanks............................. 78
SAES-D-108, Storage Tank Integrity ....................................................... 78
SAES-M-100, Saudi Aramco Building Code ............................................ 79
SAES-Q-005, Concrete Foundations ....................................................... 79
EFFECTS OF TYPES OF SETTLEMENT ON STORAGE TANKS ............................... 82
Background ...................................................................................................... 82
Types of Settlement ......................................................................................... 82
Uniform .................................................................................................... 82
Planar Tilt................................................................................................. 83
Deviation from Planar Tilt......................................................................... 85
Center-to-Edge ........................................................................................ 86
Local Shell or Bottom............................................................................... 87
Evaluation of Tank Settlement.......................................................................... 88
CALCULATING TANK SETTLEMENT .......................................................................... 89

SUMMARY.................................................................................................................... 91

WORK AID 1: PROCEDURES AND DATABASES FOR CALCULATING

CIVIL/ MECHANICAL LOADS FOR ATMOSPHERIC STORAGE TANKS.................... 92
Work Aid 1A: Procedure for Calculating Weight Loads ................................... 92
Work Aid 1B: Procedure for Calculating Total Pressure .................................. 94
Work Aid 1C: Procedure for Calculating Roof Live Load ................................. 96
Work Aid 1D: Procedure and Database for Calculating Wind Loads............... 96
Work Aid 1E: Procedure and Databases for Calculating Earthquake
Base-Overturning Moment ............................................................................... 98
Work Aid 1F: Procedure for Calculating Live Loads for
Appurtenances ............................................................................................... 103
WORK AID 2: PROCEDURE FOR CALCULATING TANK SETTLEMENT ................ 104

GLOSSARY ................................................................................................................ 106

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. Cone Roof Tank .............................................................................................. 9

Figure 2. Geodesic Dome Fixed Roof Tank ................................................................. 10
Figure 3. Floating Roof Tank........................................................................................ 11
Figure 4. Fixed Cone Roof with Internal Floating Roof Tank........................................ 13
Figure 5. Single-Walled, Low-Pressure Tank ............................................................... 15
Figure 6. Double-Walled, Low-Pressure Tank.............................................................. 16
Figure 7. Spheroidal Low-Pressure Tanks ................................................................... 17
Figure 8. Spherical Low-Pressure Tank ....................................................................... 18
Figure 9. Material Groups............................................................................................. 28
Figure 10. Minimum Permissible Design Metal Temperatures for Plates Used In Tank
Shells Without Impact Testing....................................................................... 29
Figure 11. Permissible Plate Materials and Allowable Stresses (PSI).......................... 31
Figure 12. Minimum Shell Thicknesses for API 650 Tanks .......................................... 36
Figure 13. Hydrostatic Pressure vs. Depth Below Liquid Surface ................................ 43
Figure 14. Effect of Vapor Pressure on the Total Pressure at a Given Depth Below the
Surface.......................................................................................................... 44
Figure 15. Wind Base-Shear Force, FW, and Wind Base-Overturning Moment,
MW ................................................................................................................ 48
Figure 16. Wind Roof-Lift Load, LW ............................................................................. 49
Figure 17. Bending Stress............................................................................................ 62
Figure 18. Stress Concentration................................................................................... 63
Figure 19. Compacted Earth with Oiled Sand Pad ....................................................... 71
Figure 20. Crushed Stone Ringwall.............................................................................. 72
Figure 21. Concrete Ringwall ....................................................................................... 73
Figure 22. Concrete Pad .............................................................................................. 74
Figure 23. Piled Foundation with Concrete Slab .......................................................... 75
Figure 24. Required Number of Reference Points ....................................................... 77
Figure 25. Required Settlement Readings ................................................................... 78
Figure 26. Safety Factors for Foundations ................................................................... 80
Figure 27. Uniform Settlement ..................................................................................... 83
Figure 28. Planar Tilt Settlement .................................................................................. 84

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Figure 29. Deviation From Planar Tilt Settlement......................................................... 85

Figure 30. Center-To-Edge Settlement ....................................................................... 86
Figure 31. Local Shell or Bottom Settlement ................................................................ 87
Figure 32. Current and Initial Tank Elevation Readings ............................................... 90
Figure 39. Height-Correction and Gust Response Factors........................................... 97
Figure 40. Factor k ....................................................................................................... 98
Figure 41. Weight Coefficients ..................................................................................... 99
Figure 42. Site Amplification Factor............................................................................ 100
Figure 43. Height Coefficients .................................................................................... 101
Figure 44. Graph For Plotting Data ............................................................................ 104
Figure 45. Example of a Plot ...................................................................................... 105

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INTRODUCTION

CSE 110.01, API Storage Tanks, provides an overview of the

civil and mechanical engineering aspects governing the analysis
and design of storage tanks.

This module identifies the various types of storage tanks, the

components and the uses of each type, and the codes and
standards that apply to each type. The module also identifies
the common types of steels used to construct storage tanks and
their mechanical properties and allowable stresses. It discusses
loads for atmospheric tanks and demonstrates how they are
calculated. It also identifies the mechanical considerations for
additions or modifications to the appurtenances on a storage
tank. It identifies the types of foundations used for storage
tanks and the uses of each type of foundation, describes the
effects of different types of settlement, and demonstrates how
settlement is calculated.

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TYPES, COMPONENTS, AND USES OF STORAGE TANKS

Background

This section discusses the types, components, and uses of the

following general types of storage tanks:

• API atmospheric
• API low-pressure
• Other
API Atmospheric Storage Tanks

API atmospheric storage tanks store crude oil, petroleum

products, chemicals, and water. These tanks are the most
common type of storage for petroleum products.

An API atmospheric storage tank consists of a:

• Conical steel bottom resting directly on the ground or on a

prepared foundation
• Vertical, cylindrical steel shell
• Roof (The type of roof used depends on the liquid being
stored.)
This section discusses the following types of API atmospheric
storage tanks:

• Supported cone roof

• Self-supporting fixed roof
• Floating roof
• Fixed roof with internal floating roof

Supported Cone Roof Tank

A supported cone roof tank has a fixed roof in the shape of a

cone that is supported by rafters on girders or by rafters on roof
trusses. The girders or trusses are in turn supported by
columns resting on the tank bottom.

The supported cone roof tank cannot withstand any significant

pressure or vacuum. The roof must be equipped with an open
vent, a pressure-actuated vent, or a "frangible joint". A frangible
joint is a weak welded seam at the roof-to-shell junction. The
weld is designed to fail before any major rupture can occur in

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the tank’s shell. Without proper venting, vapor pressure

changes sufficient to damage the roof or shell may result from
daily temperature fluctuations, normal filling and emptying
cycles, or from vapor generation due to a fire in the vicinity of
the tank.

Components - Figure 1 shows a supported cone roof tank and

its primary components.

Usage - Supported cone roof tanks are used when floating roof
tanks are not required or are not more economical. Supported
cone roof tanks can be larger in diameter than self-supporting,
fixed roof tanks.
Open vent
(if pressure/vacuum vent not used)
Roof
Pressure vacuum Gauge manhole Access
vent hatch
Roof truss Nozzle platform

Nozzle
Foam Top angle
Roof
support connection
column Ladder
Shell Spiral
(For small diameter tanks stairway
without spiral stairway)

Shell
Water nozzles Shell
draw-off manhole

Sump
Bottom

Figure 1. Cone Roof Tank

Self-Supporting Fixed Roof Tank

The roof of a self-supporting, fixed roof tank is supported

completely from the shell without supplementary structural
members. Therefore, it provides all of its own structural
support. The roof may be either conical or dome-shaped. A
dome-shaped roof can support itself at a larger diameter than a
cone-shaped roof. The self-supporting, fixed roof tank has the

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same characteristics and usages as the supported cone roof

tank, except for its roof support details.

Components - Figure 2 shows a geodesic dome fixed roof tank

and its primary components.

Usage - Self-supporting, fixed roof tanks are practical only

where relatively small fixed roof tanks are required.
Center dome vent

Roof Access hatch

}
Platform
Shell Appurtenances
Ladder

Bottom

Figure 2. Geodesic Dome Fixed Roof Tank

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Floating Roof Tank

A floating roof tank has an open top and a movable roof that
floats on top of the liquid being stored. A space between the
floating roof and the tank shell allows the roof to move freely as
liquid is added to or withdrawn from the tank. To minimize
evaporation losses and reduce the risk of fire, a flexible sealing
device is attached to the floating roof. This sealing device can
move freely up and down the tank shell and closes off the space
between the rim of the roof and the tank shell.

By virtually eliminating the vapor space above the liquid, the

floating roof tank greatly reduces:

• Evaporative losses
• Fire danger
• Corrosion caused by the presence of air
Components - Figure 3 shows the features of a floating roof
tank that distinguish it from a fixed roof tank.

Usage - Saudi Aramco Standard SAES-D-100 specifies that

floating roof tanks must be used to store petroleum products
with flash points below 54°C (130°F) or if the flash point is less
than 8°C (15°F) higher than the storage temperature. Examples
of these products are gasoline and naphtha. SAES-D-100 also
specifies that floating roof tanks should not to be used to store
products that tend to boil under atmospheric conditions.
Wind
girder
Continuous
fabric seal Emergency
Gauge drain Rim
hatch Automatic Roof Pontoon
bleeder vent vent
Roof supports manhole
supports Deck Pontoon
Tank manhole
shell Deck Screen

Pontoon Check Articulated

valve pipe drain Liquid
Tank
bottom

Figure 3. Floating Roof Tank

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Fixed Roof with Internal Floating Roof Tank

A fixed roof with internal floating roof tank is either a self-

supporting roof tank or a supported cone roof tank with an
internal floating roof inside. The internal floating roof floats on
top of the liquid being stored. A flexible sealing device closes
off the space between the rim of the internal floating roof and
the tank shell.

The internal floating roof is usually constructed of materials

other than steel, such as aluminum or polyurethane. Usually,
the internal floating roof is designed to be assembled within a
completely constructed tank. The internal floating roof functions
the same way as the floating roof in the floating roof tank: it
virtually eliminates the vapor space above the liquid.

Components - Figure 4 shows a fixed roof with internal floating

roof tank and its primary components.

Usage - This type of tank typically is used when the service of

an existing fixed roof tank is changed and a floating roof tank
should be used for the new service. The tank is prepared for
the new service by adding the internal floating roof inside the
existing tank. This type of tank also may be required when a
floating roof tank needs a fixed roof for environmental protection
or product quality. In this case, a fixed roof is often added to an
existing floating roof tank. A fixed roof with internal floating roof
tank has the same usage as a floating roof tank.

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2
1 3

4
5
10 11 13
6 8 9
7 12

14 15

LEGEND

1. Peripheral roof vent 9. Column negotiating device

2. Center roof vent 10. Support legs
3. Roof hatch 11. Vacuum-relief device
4. Antirotation device 12. Internal floating roof
5. Overflow vent 13. Antistatic grounding
6. Seal 14. Gauge funnel
7. Manway 15. Pontoon
8. Gauge flotewell

Figure 4. Fixed Cone Roof with Internal Floating Roof Tank

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API Low-Pressure Storage Tanks

API low-pressure storage tanks store the following:

• Gases
• Liquids that require a small amount of
pressurization
• Liquids that require containment of the vapor
as well as the liquid
This section discusses the following types of API low-pressure
storage tanks:

• Single-walled
• Double-walled
• Spheroidal
• Spherical
Single-Walled, Low-Pressure Tank

The single-walled, low-pressure tank only uses one layer of

steel on the shell of the tank to contain the liquid and vapor.

Components - Figure 5 shows a single-walled, low-pressure

tank and its primary components.

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Roof
Pressure safety valve/ Roof manhole
vacuum vent

Compression
ring

3/4 Page Graphic

(6.5" X 5.375") Shell

Ladder

Bottom

Figure 5. Single-Walled, Low-Pressure Tank

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Double-Walled, Low-Pressure Tank

The double-walled, low-pressure tank uses two layers of steel

for the shell of the tank to contain the liquid and vapor.
Usage - This type of tank is used for refrigerated storage.
Insulation is installed between the inner and outer layers of the
shell. The space between the shells generally is maintained at
a slightly positive pressure by a gas, such as nitrogen, that will
not liquefy at the storage temperature.
Components - Figure 6 shows one design of a double-walled,
low-pressure tank and its primary components.

Safety valve Fill/discharge

Ceiling hangers nozzle

Cone Roof

Insulated
suspended
ceiling
Inner shell

Insulation

Insulation
Outer shell
Bottom

Figure 6. Double-Walled, Low-Pressure Tank

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Spheroidal Low-Pressure Tank

The spheroidal low-pressure tank approximates the ideal shape

of a free-standing liquid droplet in which the shell stresses are
theoretically equal in all directions. The normal design pressure
of spheroidal tanks ranges from 17 kPa(ga) - 103 kPa (ga) (2.5
to 15 psig). Although commercially available, spheroidal tanks
are not used widely since spheres are generally more
economical to build.

Components - Figure 7 shows two typical spheroid and low-

pressure tank designs and their primary components.
Ordinary Spheroid

Supports

Elevation

Section Sand cushion

Noded Spheroid

Tie
Truss

Supports

Elevation

Section
Sand cushion
Figure 7. Spheroidal Low-Pressure Tanks

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Spherical Low-Pressure Tank

The most common type of pressure storage, the spherical low-

pressure tank, is a sphere on individual support columns. It
provides the maximum volume of storage for the amount of wall
material used.

Components - Figure 8 shows a spherical low-pressure tank

and its components.

Safety Valve

Shell

Platform
Appurtenances
Stairway

Support
Column

Sway
Bracing

Figure 8. Spherical Low-Pressure Tank

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Other Storage Tanks

Other general types of storage tanks exist. Generally, these

tanks are small tanks or tanks built with special storage
requirements, including shop-built tanks and chemical storage
tanks. Normally they provide atmospheric pressure storage
only.

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APPLICABLE CODES AND STANDARDS FOR SELECTED STORAGE TANKS

This section discusses the codes and standards that apply to

storage tanks.

Codes and Standards for API Atmospheric Storage Tanks

The following codes and standards apply to API atmospheric

storage tanks:

• API Standard 650, Welded Steel Tanks for Oil

Storage
• API Standard 653, Tank Inspection, Repair,
Alteration and Reconstruction
• SAES-A-004, Pressure Testing
• SAES-B-005, Spacing and Diking for
Atmospheric and Low-Pressure Tanks
• SAES-B-007B, Air Foam Systems for Storage
Tanks
• SAES-D-100, Atmospheric and Low-Pressure
Tanks
• SAES-D-108, Storage Tank Integrity
• 32-SAMSS-005, Atmospheric Steel Tanks
API Standard 650, Welded Steel Tanks for Oil Storage

This standard provides the requirements for vertical, cylindrical,

aboveground, carbon-steel storage tanks. This standard
applies to the following tanks:

• Tanks with internal pressures from

atmospheric pressure to 17 kPa (ga) (2.5 psig)
• Tanks that are nonrefrigerated
• Tanks with design temperatures less than
260°C (500°F)
• Tanks that store petroleum, other liquid
products, or water
This standard covers material, design, fabrication, erection, and
testing.

The appendices in this standard cover:

• Optional design basis for small tanks

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• Recommendations for design and construction

of foundations for above ground oil storage
tanks
• External floating roofs
• Technical inquiries
• Seismic design of storage tanks
• Design of tanks for small internal pressures
• Structurally supported aluminum dome roofs
• Internal floating roofs
• Undertank leak detection and subgrade
protection
• Shop-assembled storage tanks
• Example of application of the variable-design-
point procedure to determine shell plate
thicknesses
• API Standard 650 storage tank data sheets
• Requirements for tanks operating at elevated
temperatures
• Use of materials that are on hand but are not
identified as complying with any listed
specification
• Recommendations for underbottom
connections
• Allowable external loads on tank shell openings
API 653, Tank Inspection, Repair, Alteration and Reconstruction

This standard covers requirements for inspection, repair,

alteration and reconstruction of API 650 (and its predecessor
API 12C) atmospheric storage tanks that have already been
placed in service. The standard includes the following sections:

• Suitability for Service

• Brittle Fracture Considerations
• Inspection
• Materials
• Design Considerations for Reconstructed Tank
• Tank Repair and Alteration

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• Dismantling and Reconstruction

• Welding
• Examination and Testing
• Marking and Reconstruction
This standard also has appendices that cover evaluation criteria
for tank bottom settlement and checklists for tank inspection.

SAES-A-004, Pressure Testing

This standard provides the pressure-testing requirements for

storage tanks.

SAES-B-005, Spacing and Diking for Atmospheric and Low-Pressure Tanks

This standard provides the spacing and diking requirements for

aboveground storage tanks.

SAES-B-007B, Air Foam Systems for Storage Tanks

This standard provides the basic requirements for the

installation of air foam fire protection systems for large,
atmospheric storage tanks.

SAES-D-100, Atmospheric and Low-Pressure Tanks

This standard provides the requirements for the selection,

design, and installation of carbon-steel, stainless-steel, and
fiberglass storage tanks. The standard applies to the following
tanks:

• Tanks that store crude oils, petroleum

products, water, and other liquids
• Tanks with internal operating pressures not
greater than 103 kPa (ga) (15 psig)
• Tanks with design temperatures between -
168°C and +260°C (-270°F and +500°F)

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SAES-D-108, Storage Tank Integrity

This standard provides the requirements for testing and

inspecting welded steel tanks that have already been put into
service and does not apply to the initial construction of tanks.
This standard parallels the API 653 Standard and covers
additions and exceptions to the API-653 Standard.

32-SAMSS-005, Atmospheric Steel Tanks

This specification covers modifications and additions to API

Standard 650. The specification is included with the purchase
order supplied to the tank vendor.

Codes and Standards for API Low-Pressure Storage Tanks

The following codes and standards apply to API low-pressure

storage tanks:

• API Standard 620, Design and Construction of

Large, Welded, Low-Pressure Storage Tanks
• SAES-A-004, Pressure Testing
• SAES-B-005, Spacing and Diking for
Atmospheric and Low-Pressure Tanks
• SAES-D-100, Atmospheric and Low-Pressure
Tanks
• 32-SAMSS-006, Large Welded Low-Pressure
Tanks
API Standard 620, Design and Construction of Large, Welded, Low-Pressure
Storage Tanks

This standard provides the requirements for aboveground tanks

with a single vertical-axis-of-revolution. The standard applies to
the following tanks:

• Tanks with internal pressures greater than 3.4

kPa (ga) (0.5 psig) but not greater than 103
kPa (ga) (15 psig)
• Tanks with metal temperatures from -168°C to
+120°C (-270°F and +250°F)
• Tanks that are large enough to require field
erection

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• Tanks that store liquid or gaseous petroleum

products, water, and other liquids
Specifically excluded from this standard are small shop-built
tanks, tanks covered by API Standard 650, and “lift-type” gas
holders.

SAES-A-004, Pressure Testing

This standard provides the pressure-testing requirements for

storage tanks.

SAES-B-005, Spacing and Diking for Atmospheric and Low-Pressure Tanks

This standard provides the spacing and diking requirements for

aboveground storage tanks.

SAES-D-100, Atmospheric and Low-Pressure Tanks

This standard provides the requirements for the selection,

design, and installation of carbon-steel, stainless-steel, and
fiberglass storage tanks. The standard applies to the following
tanks:

• Tanks that store crude oils, petroleum

products, water, and other liquids
• Tanks with internal operating pressures not
greater than 103 kPa (ga) (15 psi)
• Tanks with design temperatures between -
168°C and +260°C (-270°F and +500°F)
32-SAMSS-006, Large Welded Low-Pressure Tanks

This specification covers modifications and additions to API

Standard 620. The specification is limited to single-walled,
aboveground, low-pressure tanks. The specification excludes
spheres and spheroids. The specification is included with the
purchase order supplied to the tank vendor.

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