Hi everyone!

I am Seann Julia M Barela from RECBSOAE81

Today, we’re exploring the amazing journey of Philippine Popular culture—from the traditions of our
ancestors to the pop culture we love today. How did centuries of change shape the way we live, dress,
and celebrate? Let’s find out together! It all starts with the pre-colonial era, where our story begins."

We have here the crucial periods in history of the Philippines (show the 5 colonial period) so let’s start in
the

Pre-Colonial Period: The Foundations of Filipino Identity (Before 1521)

During these times, Philippines was free from all colonization. It is overflowing with authentic and
abundant culture. There were no formal education and learning was merely through imitation and
practice. This is why literature back then is mostly based on oral traditions passed down from
generations and generations like tales, epics, folk songs, proverbs and riddles. (show pictures of kinds of
literatures)

Additionally, the ancient pre-colonial form of writing is called baybayin during the 1500s

See that Long before foreign ships arrived, our ancestors had a thriving culture. Experiences before are
from food hunting, caring for the children and creatures or objects of nature. Communities, or
barangays, were led by datus — think of them as the original leaders, admired for their wisdom and
courage. They were like the glue that kept their communities strong."

"Fashion back then is simple. Men wore the bahag, and women draped themselves in colorful malong or
patadyong. And let’s not forget the gold—our ancestors loved Jewelries because for them it wasn’t just
an accessory; it was a symbol of beauty, bravery, and status."

All important events such as rites and ceremonies reflect religious observance where people recite or
sing chants. Our ancestors believed in the power of nature and spirits. They worshipped anitos, or nature
spirits, and relied on babaylan, spiritual leaders who healed the sick and guided communities. It was a
way of life that connected deeply with the environment."

But then in 1521, everything shifted. Magellan’s arrival brought the start of Spanish colonization, and
with it came sweeping changes to our traditions."

Colonial Periods: A Cultural Transformation (1521–1946)

For more than 400 years, colonial powers shaped and reshaped our culture, literature and traditions.
Let’s take a closer look at how each era left its mark.

"The Spanish brought Catholicism, which replaced many of our animist beliefs. It proves the grand
churches we see and are considered tourist spots as of today. Spanish regime also brought fiestas. They
started as religious celebrations, honoring saints with parades, music, and food." and you’ll still see the
Spanish influence. Catholicism is a cornerstone of Filipino life, with over 80% of Filipinos practicing it.

Literature during this period used Spanish, Tagalog and the vernacular forms of languages. Spanish was
introduced as the medium of communication and later shifted to Tagalog. Religious art, and oral
traditions was heavily introduced by Christian themes. Including education and entertainment like books,
recreational plays.
"Our fashion also evolved: women wore the elegant baro’t saya, and men donned the barong.

"In 1898, after the Spanish-American War, the U.S. introduced public education, English, different forms
entertainment, sports and fashion! From baro’t saya, Men adopted suits and ties, while women
incorporated American-style dresses into their wardrobes.

In terms of literature, Newspapers, magazines, and books in English flourished. Radio stations became a
primary source of entertainment and information, broadcasting American and Filipino programs.
Hollywood movies and Western music influencing Filipino filmmaking and music. And of course the
introduction of basketball. In arts, Filipino writers in English gained prominence. Common themes
included patriotism, social issues, and personal experiences. Many artists and writers used their works to
express Filipino identity and advocate for independence.

"Suddenly, English wasn’t just a language; it was the gateway to opportunities. And yes, basketball
remains our national obsession!"

"The Japanese brought wartime struggles, but Filipinos found ways to resist. Art, theater, and literature
became tools of hope and defiance. While the occupation was brief, Japanese culture—from
entertainment to some of their cuisine—eventually made its way into our modern lives."

Nihongo (Japanese language) are promoted in schools and discouraged the use of English but the
Japanese encouraged Filipinos to use our native language. Japanese authorities censored films, music.
And other form of entertainment while traditional Filipino forms of music and dances gained renewed
focus and appreciation. The Japanese attempted to promote Shintoism, but Catholicism remained
dominant among Filipinos. Although the Japanese occupation was a time of great hardship, it left some
positive cultural legacies that contributed to the preservation, revival, and evolution of Filipino traditions
and identity. These impacts, born out of resilience and resourcefulness, continue to influence Philippine
popular culture today.

In 1946, independence ushered in a new era. But the cultural imprints of colonization stayed with us.

3. Post-Colonial and Modern Times: Tradition Meets Globalization (1946–Present)

The post-colonial period in the Philippines, spanning from its independence in 1946 to the present, has
been marked by the blending of traditional Filipino culture with the legacies of Spanish, American, and
Japanese influences. It also saw the emergence of new cultural expressions shaped by modernity,
globalization, and national identity.

After independence, we didn’t just move forward—we innovated. We took what we learned from the
past and made it uniquely Filipino."

The jeepney, for example, started as repurposed American vehicles but became a symbol of Filipino
creativity.

Media and entertainment became more relatable to the Filipino audience, blending Western influences
with local narratives. Filipino filmmakers gained recognition for producing films that reflected societal
issues, love stories, and historical events. Radio and television revolutionized entertainment, with
programs like variety shows (Eat Bulaga!), soap operas (teleserye). Filipino pop music (known as OPM or
Original Pilipino Music) gained momentum, with different talented and well known artists the industry.
"Today, Filipino culture is shining globally. TikTok dances remix traditional moves like the tinikling. SB19
and BINI is taking OPM to the world stage.

In terms of sports, Introduced by the Americans, basketball became the most popular sport in the
country, with leagues like the PBA (Philippine Basketball Association) is gaining massive audiences,
Additionally, Filipino boxers like Manny Pacquiao brought pride to the nation, while sports like volleyball,
football, and esports gained popularity among the youth.

In today’s digital revolution, The rise of the internet and social media transformed how Filipinos
consumed entertainment, from YouTube channels and TikTok videos to streaming platforms like Netflix.

he indie film movement flourished, addressing taboo topics and showcasing unique Filipino stories.
Festivals like Cinemalaya gained popularity.

Celebrations like the Sinulog, Ati-Atihan, and Pahiyas became cultural showcases attracting both local
and international tourists. Traditional fiestas incorporated modern elements like street parties, beauty
pageants, and contemporary music, blending the old with the new.

Art, music, and social media continue to play roles in addressing contemporary issues such as poverty,
human rights, and environmental conservation.

The post-colonial period witnessed the fusion of Filipino traditions with global influences, creating a
dynamic and evolving popular culture.

Closing

"Our journey through Philippine culture reveals the resilience and creativity of the Filipino spirit. Colonial
influences may have shaped us, but we’ve made them our own.

The test of people's resilience and creativity in the Philippine culture, from colonial influences to modern
innovations helped us weave a collection of events and moments in celebration of our heritage and our
global identity. Every step in each transition has brought us to where we are today: proud of our past,
adaptive in the present, and hopeful for the future. Our culture is not only a reflection of history; It's that
which binds and inspires us as we move ahead. May we continue to honor our roots as we step into the
endless possibilities ahead.