CONTINUITY AND DIFFERENTIABILITY

SOME IMPORTANT AND USEFUL TERMS AND FORMULAE

* A function f is said to be continuous at x = a if, Left hand limit = Right hand

i.e lim
h →0
f (a + h) = lim
h →0
f (a − h) = f (a) .
* A function is said to be differentiable at x = a, if Lf (a) = Rf (a) i.e
f (a − h ) − f (a ) f (a + h ) − f (a )
lim = lim
h →0 −h h →0 h
(i) (xn) = n xn - 1.
d
dx
(ii) (x) = 1
d
dx
(iii) (c) = 0,  c  R
d
dx
(iv) (ax) = ax log a, a > 0, a  1.
d
dx
(v) (ex) = ex.
d
dx
1
(vi) (logax) =, a > 0, a  1, x
d
dx x log a
(vii) (log x) = , x > 0
d 1
dx x
d 1
(viii) (loga| x |) = , a > 0, a 1, x  0
dx x log a
1
(ix) (log | x | ) = , x  0
d
dx x
(x) (sin x) = cos x,  x  R.
d
dx
(xi) (cos x) = – sin x,  x  R.
d
dx
(xii) (tan x) = sec2x,  x  R.
d
dx
(xiii) (cot x) = – cosec2x,  x  R.
d
dx
d
(xiv) (sec x) = sec x tan x,  x  R
dx
 d
(xv) (cosec x) = – cosec x cot x,  x  R.
dx
d
(xvi) (sin-1x) = .
1
dx 1- x 2
d
(xvii) (cos-1x) = .
-1
dx 1- x 2

(xviii) (tan-1x) = ,  x  R
d 1
dx 1+ x2
1
(xix) (cot-1x) = − ,  x  R.
d
dx 1+ x2
1
(xx) (sec-1x) = ,.
d
dx | x | x 2 −1
1
(xxi) (cosec-1x) = − .
d
dx | x | x 2 −1
x
(xxii) (| x |) = , x  0
d
dx |x|
(xxiii) (ku) = k
d du
dx dx
(xxiv)
d
(u  v) = 
du dv
dx dx dx
d dv du
(xxv) (u.v) = u +v
dx dx dx
du dv
v −u
d u
(xxvi)  = dx dx
dx  v  v2

( ) ( ) dx
2
d y dy
1. If y = sin m sin −1 x , prove that 1 − x 2 −x2
+m y=0
2
dx
2. If x = a sin
−1 −1 dy y
t
, y = a cos t
, show that =− .
dx x
(
3. If y = x + x 2 + a 2 , prove that )
n dy
dx
=
ny
x2 + a2
 y dy x + y
4. If log e x 2 + y 2 = tan −1  , prove that = .
x dx x − y

5. If x .y = (x + y ) , prove that
m+n dy y
m n
=
dx x
dy 1
6. If x 1 + y + y 1 + x = 0 , – 1  x  1, prove that =−
dx (1 + x )2
 1 − y2
1 − x + 1 − y = a (x − y ) , show that
dy
7. If 2 2
=
dx 1 − x2
dy 
8. If x =  sin 2 t (1 + cos 2t ) and y =  cos 2t (1 − cos 2t ), show that = tan t.
dx 
d2 y dy 1
9. If y = x + 1 − x − 1, prove that ( x − 1) 2 + x
2
− y=0
dx dx 4
dy
10. If y = x + x + x + ........ , then find .
dx
dy
11. If (cos x ) = (sin y) , then find
y x
.
dx

CONTINUTITY

 1 + kx − 1 − kx
 , −1  x  0
1. Find the value of k for which f(x) =  x is continuous at x
 2x + 1
, 0  x 1
 x −1
= 0 .
 (x + 3)2 − 36
 , if x  0
2. Find the value of k for which f(x) =  x −3 is continuous at x =
 k , if x = 0
3 .
kx + 1, if x  
3. Find the value of k for which f(x) =  is continuous at x = π .
cos x , if x  
 sin 5x
 , if x  0
4. Find the value of k for which f(x) =  x 2 + 2x is continuous at x = 0 .
 k + 1 , if x = 0
3ax + b, if x  1
5. If f(x) = 11 if x = 1 , continuous at x = 1,find the values of a and b.
5ax - 2b , if x  1

  sin( a + 1) x + sin x
 , x0
 x

6. Determine a, b, c so that f(x) =  c , x = 0 is continuous at x =

 x + bx − x , x  0
2

 bx 3/2
0.
 k cos x 
  − 2x , x
7. If f(x) =  2 , is continuous at x =  , find k.
 2
3 , x=
 2
3x − 2 , 0  x  1

8. Show that the function f defined by f(x) = 2x 2 − x , 1  x  2 is continuous
5x − 4 , x  2

at x = 2 but not differentiable .
9. Find the relationship between a and b so that the function defined by
 ax + 1 , if x  3
f(x) =  is continuous at x = 3.
bx + 3 , if x  3
( x 2 − 2x ) , if x  0
10. For what value of  the function f(x) =  is continuous
 4x + 1 , if x  0
at x = 0.
x 2 + ax + b, if 0  x  2

11. If the function f(x) =  3x + 2, if 2  x  4 is continuous on [0 , 8], find
 2ax + 5b, if 4  x  8

the value of a & b.
 1 − sin 3 x 
 2
, if x 
 3 cos x 2
  
12. If f(x) =  a if x = is continuous at x = , find a, b.
2 2

 b(1 − sin x ) if x  

 ( − 2x )
2
2