.

qeution i, iv‹ouuie i: xeaolng ano wrning

directions '•’

In the late 1800s, Spanish-language newspapers flourished in cities across

Texas. San Antonio alone produced eleven newspapers inSpanish between
1890 and 1900. But El Paso surpassed all other cities in the state. This city Which choice best states the main purpose of thetext?
produced twenty-two newspapers inSpanish during that period. El Paso is
located on the border with Mexico and has always hada large population of O 1“o compare Spanish-language newspapers polished inTi;
Spanish speakers. Thus, it is unsurpri5ing that this city became sucha rich today with ones published there during the late 1800s
site for Spanish-language journalism.

To argue that Spanish-language newspapers published in El Paso:

influenced the ones published in San Antonio during the late
1500s
 Hide

In Muscogee, an Indigenous language from thesoutheastern region of what

is now the United States, hopñnki means “broken,” whereas hopanhoki is
used torefer to two or more broken things. This phenomenon, inwhich an Which choice best describes the function of the underlined sentence
element ofa root word is repeated, sometimes with modification, within text asa whole?
another word that is related to the root word, is called reduplication. In this
ease, the element “loo” in liopnnki gets repeated in /iopooliokt.’rlierc are “
It emphasizes how frequently reduplication occurs in Muscogee;. $.
many examples ofthis type ofi eduplication in Muscogee.

It :icknowledges thai Muscogee has some important exceptions

in the genei at paiiern described earlier. '

lt elaborates on the tlisciission of rediiplication by explaining

how ii woi ks iii ritesl°ecific filuscogee words introduced earlier
 R. Moran, Daniel A. Rodriguez, and colleagues, residents
Montevideo, Uruguay, were surveyed about perks in
the 618 respondents from Quito, 82.9% indicated that they Which choice best describes the function of the underlined portion, in the
parks, and of the 617 respondents from Montcvideo,7fi.70/ ' text asa whole?
city parks. Given ihat the percentage of Quito respond‹ints
withina 10-minute walk ofa park was much lower li introducesn counter example to the scenario described earlier '
reported by Monteviileoi espondenis, gieaster pt o,xiinit alone iiiI e text. , '
differ ence iii park rise.

li identifies the nature ofa relationship that is significant to the

text's conclusion.

It iiovictes contest to help reaclers understand thescope of the

reseiwchei+’ sinv ey.

$l lTfdflks cR Shift froma tlisciission of the researchers' conclusion

toa rlisci ssion of their rnethocls.
 the young leaves, drinking in the air, fragrant
young buds and sap.I sauntered along, forgetful of musty
”of,the offices, of my chief, my colleagues, my documents, and
"Üeütion 1, Module 1: Reading and Writing

Based on the text, Alfonzo would most likely agree with which,,st
Alfonzo argues, our understanding ofindividuals’ decision-making about about studies of decision-making about walking?
whether towalk is insufficiently robust: some studies emphasize therole of !1
climate conditions, others the role of population density, and so on, but ’they tend to be misleading because they ignore the most
walking decisions are made incomplex contexts in which multiple important factor influencing walking decisions. ',.
conditions and needs inform individuals' choices.

They would be improved by efforts to identify the features UIF{ •’

cities with high pedestrian traffic have incommon. ’

They areuiilikely to flint conviiicing evidence that any single

factsi coiisisteiitly predicts ivalking decisions.
Which quotation from "Lines Wi itten in Eat ly Spring'’ most efféctiv
illusii arcs ihe claims ,

' I lii ough primrose-tufts, in that sweet bower„/ The,periwinkle

ii ail'd its wreathes;/ md ’its my faith that erery fldwér/ Eiijfiyâ '
the air’ i1 hieaihes."
 I’ Section 1, Module 1: Reading and Writing
i

Biologist Rosanna Alegado believes that we might learn how multicellular

organisms developed from single-celled ones if we understand why the
single-celled organism Salpingoecn rosette, the oldest living relative of
animals, sometimes forms colonies of cells. Alegado and colleagues
reviewed data from many studies of how S. rosette responds when exposed
toanother type of single celled organism, bacteria, including Siefanie win S.i oseitu tended toform colonies when exposed toA. ,
Trappen's work with Algoi ipliagiis vanfongensis bactei ia and John P. ' v‹mfongensis and when exposed toA. ratkowskyi. -
Bowman's work with Algot iyhngns ratkowskyi bacteria. Alegado and
colleagues concluded that both A. voii/ongensis and A.i iitLowskyi might
have playeda role in the development ofmulticellular organisms. Although several studies involving other bacteria species fouñd ’,
that S. rosettn resided to form colonies after bacteria exposure,
Olily the studies rising A. vanfoiip•eiisis and A. rntkowskyi tested
i› hether the amount ofbaciei ia exposure affected the rate of
colony for nation.

S. i’osgtin tended toform colonies hen exposed toA.

i“ni fori sly“i ñoi not wlieli e.xposed to d. vniifoiigeiisis.

%
S. i’Osettn tended toform colonies when exposed toA.
I
s'tmfongensis felt not u'hen exposeri to.4. i‘nrkoirs i.
 Mark forReview

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms tothe convenôöns.of,

»eciion 1, Module 1:Reading and Writing 29:34
Hide Annotate M‹

• Ynés Mexia wasa MexicanAmerican botanist.

• Between 1917 and 1938, she collected over tS0,000 botanical samples Mark forReview

throughout theAmericas. Which choice most effectively uses information from thegiven sentences to
• She collecteda sample ofAcliyi ocline vnutIiiet'inna iii Minas Geiais, emphasize when shecollected both of the samples?
Brazil, on May 3, 1930.
• She collecteda sample ofVei’iioiii« linti oiiles in Jalisco, Mexico, on Tliousaiid£ Of botanical saIflple5 collecter by Ynés Meta can
February 14,1927. now befourth in one place: online at the C,V. Starr Virtual
• These specimens are ineinl ers of the Asteraceae family. Her barium.
• They cannow be viewed online at the C.V. Starr Virtual l3erbariiiiii.

Ori8fay3 iii 1930. Ynes Xfexiîl ad‹leda new speciinen to her

erou iiig colleciioii of botanical samples: Acl;yi ocfiiie
vaiiiliicrinon of the Asteraceae faiiiily.

IVliile Jioili speciineiis collecieii by Ynds OIesia are menibers o£

the saine falilily, lC/t3i1’OCff?Ie l'fitlilliertniin was fouiid in Minas
Gerais aiiit i'ei morris finn-oirfes o‘as founil iii Jalisco.

hfay of 1930, after colleriiiig I•“ei mourn f/nfi oiJes ’ui February of
.Y i”ile researchinga topic,a student has taken the following notes:
• In 1965, Yale University historians claimed thata world map called
,the Vinland Map was drawn inthefifteenth century. The student wants topresent the study and its findings. Which chdice ities
J• Since that time, the map's age has been thesubject of debate. effectively uses relevant information from thenotes toaccomplish this:’
• In 2021, researchers conducteda study to analyze the elemental goal?
composition of the map's ink.
:• Their analysis revealed that the ink containsa titanium compound O Given the debate about the Vinland Map's age, researchers.iri
notused ininks until the 1920s. 2021 conducteda study to analyze the elemental composition of
the mop’s inh.
• ”Tire researchers concluded that the map was drawn inthetwentieth
Century.
A 2021 study of the Vinland Ma "4 ink revealed that it containsa
titaiuuin compound notused ininks until the 1920s, indicatihg,
iliai the map was drawn inthetwentieth cenmry. ’

fifteeiiih ceiittu y. was the focus ofa 2021 study.

‘
 ”. bn 1, Module1: Reading and Writing

’t“lie siudeiii wants toe.xplain wliaia sky island is. Wluch choice moist
' “’ *1' The range isone of thedozet›s of sky' islands” in the' s‹›uth›vcstein eifeciively uses relevant infoi niatit›‹ rrom thenotes to accomplish t0la ,
-
US rind northwestern hlexico.
.'•› Acky tsland is an isolated mountain r. ngr »'f ust’ t•n 'ii mm ‹’m t”Ii‹ 1T5l fi cnnsidL•rs l)\e Samx Catalina Moun ains to bea "urd
, widowers drastically from thai ‹›f the s iircut ‹ting Io vl: iuI*.
/{ e US Forest Service (USFST sai‹l. “Then om›tnins •»'‹' sl.i ‹l‹’
tat'onnded by tteserts Lha1 nrc 'sc.is.”' :1 sky isl‹intl is an isolatetl iiiouiiiain rouge, such as theSama !"
*” pTjSFS say.
“d " EachS k y s1.1ati th”is •i un\qur ecu>\*\‹
” i‹›" t :ii:il|liii hloitntaiiis in the southwestern US,whose environmUt: ! .
‹filmis rIi irnicaliP fi oin thai of the sttrrounding lowlands. ,

l'lie S¡tiita tiatatilia hloiintoins, which areconsidered

isl•znd, are located iii fire soatln‹'esiei-n US.
'

“ Glitters ‹li‘asi really from thai of the siii’roundiog.low1an‹lti. ,

 -”
ie ?eseârchinga topic,a student has taken the following notes: Mark forReview ' ” /•
• ‘the liiternatioral Center forthe Arts of the Americas tlCAA) is
directed by Marr Carmen Ramirez. The student wants toexplain an advantage pf theICAA's archive being
. .. . digital. Which choice most effectively uses relevant infoiwatiori fiontt
• ›Ramirez oversaw an initiative to create an online archive of
. : notes to accomplish this goal?
historical documents related to the history of Latin American and
: Latitio visual art.
• 3'he ICAA digitized over 10,000 documents, including the writin;;s of
-.-: Latin American and Latino artists end crimes.
. .-.The ‹ii'eatioii of the ai'cliive didn't require historical ilocuinents to be
° Over 10.000 documentsi elated to the history of Latin American
anti Laiino visual aii aie part of the JC.4A archive. ‘
ther usinga common mycoi i'1iizal network (CMN)—11 lcRtt ice of fungal
nds in the soil. Weremijewicza Int colleagues excluded all pat hvv‹iys
ir than the CMN by using bai’l’icrs to keep theplants' root systems
crate while allowing mycoi i'liixal strands through—a crucial sec;› Zhang
colleagues' siudy did hot t8ke.
 Section 1, Module 2:Reading and Writing 31:39

A number ofartiste associated with hyperpop,a movement inelectronic

music that emerged inthe2010s, aggressively manipulate their recoi ded “°’
voice. The musicien Arca, for example, sometimes shifis the pilch of her Based on the text, the author would be most likely to disagree with which
vocals to be much higher than that of her naturel range. And even the statement about vocal manipulation in hyperpop? . "‘
hyperpop artists who don't rely on pitch-shifting, such as Nainasenda, often
distort their vocals using digital cools. Rather than being an arbitr•wy f•.:'
Ii confirms hyperpop's ability to oifset certain negative effects of
stylistic choice, hyperpop's persistent modificatioii of the voice functions as digital technology.
a commentary on how digital Technology mediates humain expei ience iod‹ay.

It isa symbol oftheinfluence that liyperpop exerts on listeners'

sense of self.

lt ÎS ille aestlietic featuie that has little or no social import.

ft represeiiis changes iohtiiiian experience broiight about by

techliology.
ind costs: greater lunai iniensity may ntit enable ltre inicc un inci case
firaging success enougll lo offsett lle 11 igher chance i)f dei ect ion by
›redatory feral cats
‹iesit iiy because it is easicl for- prcdiiiors io detect then
reliiii •ely bi ighi C(lnditions chan it is for predators to de
 li moonlight—till lnooii shines in oll night when there isa
rnuon—1 wouldn’t know it wasp the s:iine paper.”

I’m i'eally getting quite fontl of ihe bid room, all but that horrid
[ivalt)paper

“The colOr isi epellant. almost revolting;a smoulclering. unclean

yellow. strangely fattest }yyr the slow-ttii ning sunlight.”
 Section 1, Module 2:Reading and Writing 31:33
Directions Hide

Number ofLizard Species by Average

Percent of Maximal Speed Used When
"''
Pursuing Piey or Escaping Predators Which choice most effectively uses data from thegraph tocomplete the
l

7 most lizard species use about the same percentage of their

m 6 maximal speed when escaping predatiOn as they do when
5 pursuing prey.
.
4
! niuli iple lixard species move atan average ofless than 90a of
2
t heir’ iiiaXllllal speed while escaping predation.

0
more lizarcl species else. on average, 90o/o-100*/o of their maximal
speccli hile escaping preilatioli (hair use cRliy other percentage of
their maximal speed.
Percent of ii1axiiu.il speed

{cpu
sc:pi s
i
at least •1 lizard species use, on average. less than 100°/o of their
It may seem that the optional so ate¿y for an animal jiiiisriin¿ pre or lnaxi nal speed u mile1›‹=-suio3 prey.
escaping predators is to move atllJcHXirnal speerl, but the ener expense of
 leagues wanted to
key looked atfeatures of these birds' habitats, suth as thegeographic
ocation of
the laboratory as well as in the wild, tc see how studies’ settings might have Which choice most logically completes the text?
affected their results. Lab studies aie useful because they make it easy to
control important variables, but kestrels’ surroundings can significantly hormone levels were higher’ in wild males thin in captive male
affect their hormone levels. "therefore, it's not altogether sui‘Jx isiiig thiit curtiru toads.
when Calisi-Rodriguez and Bentley examined studies of kesti els, they ftim«l
that_
signific‹iiit differences in hormone levels between individuals
i rre found forboih captive kestrels anal wild kestrels.

levels ot’ liiteinizing hormone dii ingwinter are higher in captive

kesii els than theyo re in mild kesirels.

captive kesti elsa nél ivilcl kesti'els usually exhibited very similar
Ivor-inone levels.
|t t›ection 1, Module 2:Reading ancl Writing
i Directions •• Hide

Photographer Maria Svarbov3 has reached audiences well beyond her Mark forReview
home country ofSlovakia. In 2019, her work was featured at the Coniessa
flattery in the exhibited photographs, with their vivitl pastel colors, Which chtiice completes the text so that it conforms tothe conventions or
overexposed tones, and mirrorlike symmeti'y, c•aptivated audiences. Standard English?

the liniivd St‹ites; for exiiinple,

Section 1, Module 2:Reading and Writing 31:21
DireCttOOS W ide

Jn 2009,a study led by the researcher Shao-Bo Chen investigated the Mark forReview
relationship between grassland arthropod populations and agricultural
macronutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, such Which choice completes the text so that it conforms totheconventions of
fertilizers boost the produclivity of crops, potentially ol’ferinp• inoi'e Stanilaid English?
nutrients for arthropods.
fci iilizers, containing “
 e'wor1d’s first airplane, the 1903 wright Flyer, was not very aerodynamic,
,evidenced by its low lift-to-drag ratio of just 8.3:1. The F-4 Phantom II jet,
e most modern aircraft, is fai• moi e aerodynamic. its lift-to-drag
to is more than twice that of the Wright Flyer.
Modernista architects championed nature in their designs. the domed 22 Mark forReview
rooftop and painted floral designs of Casa I?stapé,a Modernista private
home designed by Bernardi Martoi elli kius, couldn't exactly groom ina Which choice completes the texl with the most logical transition?
forest. Still, one secs natural influences in Martorelli Rius's penchant ftit
curves (rather than right angles) and plant- and animal-inspii cd flour islies.

Of comm se.
 and Writing 31:15
Hide Annotate More

were built in Ausii'alia, engineers warned ilgainsi Mark forReview

widths acloss the continent. regional ol'ficiols
on a siligle-width system. Thus, railways in Victoria, like the Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
Railway, ‹verc made using wide tracks, while those in
were built with narrow tracks.
 Section 1, Module 2:Reading and Writing 31:13

Legislators in Botswana areelected viaa first-past-the-post electoixil system.

In this winner-take-all voting system, the seat is awarded toihecandidate
who receives nota majority buta plurality (i.e., gi e‹iiest number) ofvotes. Which choice completes the texi with ihe most logical transition? !
‹f several popular candidates aie vying foi the same seat, it is possible
fora candidate to win an election despite receiving less thanSO0?o ofthe Accordingly,
votes.

Mcveoven
” .Section 1, Module 2:Reading and Writing 31:11
Directions •' Hide Annotäte uiore

• Impact craters occur whena large object collides with Earth at high
Mark forReview
speeds.
• Examples ofsuch objects include comets and meteor ites. Which choice most eiïectively uses information from thegiven sentences to
• Kelly West is an impact crater in Australia. emphasixe thesixe of the craier?
• Researchers have determined that it was formed more than 550
million years ago. lVliena large object st ruck what is now Australia more than 550
• The crater hasa diameter of approximately 10 km. iiiillion years ago, it created Kelly West,a massive crater
iiieasiii iiig 10 km in diameter.

i I lrljiaci ci itei s, like Kelly fleet in Australia, are for ined whena
iu‹issive object collitles with Laith. ci eating ctepressions in the
land.

Reseni citei s have iiii'estîpaier1 the forlTlation of liell lVest, an

ancielii Îl2lpaci ci ater iiieasi ring 10 kim iii itiaineter locaieft in
Section 1, Module 2:Reading and Writing
Directions• Hide Annotaie Idole

While researchinga topic,a student has taken the following notes: 26 Mark forReview
• Xochicoatlan isa municipality in the st‹ite of Hidalgo, Mexico.
• Municipalities are governmental regions responsible forproviding The studeHt w‹ints to emphasize the 2020 population of Xochicoatlän. Which
many public services to their residents. choice inost effeciively tises relevant information from thenotes to
• One service they provide is traffic control. acconiJilish this goal?
• Xochicoatlan's pOpulation was 7,015 ill 2020.
• Its population was 7,320 in 2010. As of 2020, Xochicoallan wes one of 54 mrinicipalities in Hidalgo,
\ lt•xico.
• Hidalgo is divitled into 8d iiiunicipalities.

1sa iiiiinicipaliiy inH itlalgo. Xocliico‹itl‹in is responsible for

pro iiling public services io its poj3ulaiioii.

In 2020, the liiuliicipaliiy of Xochicoatliiii halla population of

7.013.
Section 1,Module 2:Reading and Writing 31:08
Ann+tate Mora.

• Vexillology is the study offlags.

• The flags of many countries include symbols like animals, planets, or
landforms. Which choice most effectively uses information from thegiven sentences to
• These symbols often i'epresent an aspect of the region's history, make and supporta generalization abotit symbols on flags?
culture, or landscape.
• The flag of Nicaragua includes five volcanoes. ’l'lie flags of some countries include symbols of landforms;
• The flag of Malta includesa lioise. Nicaragua's, for example. includes five volcanoes.

iciiixigtia's fl‹ig iiiclurtes five volciinoes,a symbol that is

i l11JiOl’1‹lll( IO Ih iiI cotllli ry's national idciil ity.

texillolo is the study of flaps: accoi ttiliply, vexillologists are

inter csteél in flags from around theivoi'ld.

Plain' coiil3ll ies feature syin)iols on their tlags, anal the stuffy of
these ctesi its is know ii as i’exi11olOq)•.
Answer Preview: ,
 Mark forReview

The area ofa rectangle is 630 squnre inches. The length of the rectangle is 90 inches, mat
is the width, in inches, of this rectangle?
Mark forReview
 Mark forReview

’the scatterplot shows therelationship between two variables,z and p.

50—

40 .

30-

20 — ,

' S
 A clothing store buys shirts ata wholesale price of5.00 ,do 'a
resells them each ata retail price that is 270% o'f thé whi›lesâ1
.
end of the senason, any remaining shirts are markéd fat a.discfi{
.er is 70% off the retail price. What is the discounted.price:oféficit
shirt, in clollarsi*
er it

Answer Preview: ”
 Mark forReview

PointsM,N, and P lie on the circle shown. On this circle. minor arcMN hasa length of
39 centimeters and major arcMPN hasa length of 195 centimeters. What is the
circumference, in centimeters, of the cii-cIe shown?

156

'” . .234
Line£ is shown inthexy-plane. Line n (not show n)is perpendicular to linek and passes
through the point (2, 9). Which equation defines line n?
A certain neighborhood hada population of 1,130 in 200b. Each year forthenext5 years,
the population of the neighborhood increased by approximately 4#’o of ie population ie
previous year. Which ofthefollowing equations represents the population, N, of the
neighborhoodt years after 2006, whereI < 5?
 Mark forReview

0.24s 2 + 0.56z -F 1.52

2
The given expression can he rewritten as o(3s + 7z + 19), where a isa
constant. What is the value of rt?

Answer Preview:
 ofc atalo gs a company sent to their c ustomers at
Thegiven function / models the number
year, wheret represents then umber of years since the end of 1995, afld
ie end of each
0 Z t ;f ii. il p — /(t) is graphed inthety-plane, w h ich of the fo l lowing is the best
O i

O •
model estimates the population was 59 thousand in 1991, 222 täiă
I
 Mark forReview

The table gives the areas and perimeters of two similar rectangles, where n isa constant.

Area (square inches) Perimeter (inches)

RectangleA 2,450 490

RectangleB 9,800

what is the value of n?

980

«
1960