Session:- 2024-25

Computer Science (083)

A Project Report on

Submitted By:-
1. Harsh Sahu XII Maths RollNo.___________________
2. Lucky Khare XII Commerce RollNo.___________________
3. Lucky Gupta XII Maths RollNo.___________________
4. Dhruv Vaidya XII Maths RollNo._______________________
Under the Guidance
Mrs. Lisha K P
PGT (Computer Science)

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 G.C.M CONVENT SCHOOL, NOWGONG
CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Computer Science

Project on “Train Reservation System” has been
successfully completed by Harsh Sahu of class XII Maths
in fulfillment of curriculum of CBSE of Computer Science
leading to 2024-25.

………………….................... ……………………..
Signature of External Examiner Signature of Principal

…….………………………………
Signature of Internal Examiner

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express a deep sense of thanks &
gratitude to my project guide Mrs. Lisha K P mam for
guiding me immensely through the course of the
project. She always showed keen interest in my
work. Her constructive advice & constant motivation
have been responsible for the successful completion
of this project.
My sincere thanks goes to Sr. Soumini, our Principal
for her co-ordination in extending every possible
support for the completion of this project.
I also thank to my parents for their motivation &
support. I must thank to my teammates for their
timely help & support for the compilation of this
project.

HARSH SAHU
XII MATHS

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS
S.No Description Page.No
,
01. INTRODUCTION 05
02. OBJECTIVES OF THIS PROJECT 06
03. PROPOSED SYSTEM 07
04. SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT 08
CYCLE
05. SOURCE CODE 14
06. OUTPUT 18
07. TESTING 21
08. HARDWARE AND TESTING 23
09. BIBLIOGRAPHY 29

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 INTRODUCTION
This project work automates Train Reservation System.
This software will help the company to be more efficient
in registration of their customers and manage
reservations, records of their trains arrival and
departure.
The railway reservation system facilitates the passengers
to enquiry about the trains available on the basis of
source and destination, booking and cancellation of
tickets, enquiry about the status of the booked ticket, etc.
The aim of case study is to design and develop a data
base maintaining records of different trains, train
status and passengers.
A railway reservation system is a crucial piece of
software that helps railway operators manage various
aspects of ticket booking and related transactions..
This project will help the everyday people to book and
cancel tickets at ease and end the need for the local train
ticket booking agencies and ticket booking counters on
railway stations.

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OBJECTIVES OF THIS PROJECT
The objectives of this program help Travellers in
various ways. Main objectives of a Train
Reservation System are:
1. Design a system for better Customer Care
(Services).
2. Reducing the need for the third person (Booking
Clerk) in booking tickets.
3. Seat availability, PNR status checking, cancellation
of tickets can also be easily done using this system.
4. Better environment for booking tickets.
5. Provide top management a single point of control.
6. It shows all the trains according to your needs.
a) Your Destination.
b) Which class you want to travel.
7. Easy cancellation of Tickets and enquiry for Trains.
8. No dependence on the middlemen or agents for
ticket booking.

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 PROPOSED SYSTEM
The Train Reservation System (TRS) is designed for any
normal person to replace their existing hassle of going to
ticket counters or depending on a third person to do it.
The new system is to control the following information;
Reservation of tickets, Cancellation of tickets, Display
PNR status, Train Details, etc.
The system will be used as an application that serves
travelers, passengers, travel agencies, and the
government to make their work easy. The intention of
the system is to organize all the train work at a single
spot and to manage it properly. Paper tickets can be
damaged easily, burn, and also a high chance to lose it,
but the e-ticket will be on your phone and can’t be lost.
This prevents us from spending a lot of time and money
the work becomes fully automated and any information
regarding the trains can be obtained by clicking a button.
Moreover, now it’s an age of computers of and
automating such an organization gives the better look.

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 System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)

Systems Development Life Cycle is a systematic

approach which explicitly breaks down the work into
phases that are required to implement either new or
modified Information System.
Every hardware or software system will go through a
development process which can be thought as an
iterative process with multiple steps. SDLC is used to give
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a rigid structure and framework to define the phases and
steps involved in the development of a system.
SDLC is also an abbreviation for Synchronous Data Link
Control and software development life cycle. Software
development life cycle is a very similar process to
systems development life cycle, but it focuses exclusively
on the development life cycle of software.

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Feasibility Study or Planning

System Design


SOURCE CODE

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15
16
17
OUTPUT

18
19
20
MYSQL

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22
 TESTING
Software testing is a crucial phase in the software
development life cycle (SDLC) that involves evaluating a
software application or system to ensure that it functions
correctly, meets specified requirements, and delivers the
desired quality. The primary purpose of software testing
is to identify defects, bugs, or issues in the software and
to rectify them before the software is deployed or
released to end-users.
Software testing is an iterative and ongoing process that
helps deliver high-quality, reliable software products.
The goal is to reduce the likelihood of software defects
reaching end-users and to improve the overall user
experience. Different testing methodologies and
techniques are employed based on project requirements
and the specific goals of the testing process.

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 TESTING METHODS
Software testing methods encompass a range of
techniques and approaches to verify and validate
software applications and systems. These methods are
used to identify defects, ensure the software meets
specified requirements, and deliver a high-quality
product.
Black-Box Testing:
Black-box testing is a testing method that focuses on the
functionality and behavior of a system without
knowledge of its internal structure or code. Testers
evaluate the system based on its specifications and
requirements.
Specification-Based Testing:
Specification-based testing, a subset of black-box testing,
involves designing test cases based on the documented
specifications or requirements of the system.

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->Advantages:
1. Alignment with Requirements: It ensures that
testing aligns with the system's intended functionality as
per requirements.
2. Systematic Approach: Testers follow a systematic
approach to cover specified functionalities.
3. Traceability: Test cases can be traced back to specific
requirements, aiding in validation.
->Disadvantages:
1. Incomplete Specifications: If specifications are
incomplete or ambiguous, it may lead to inadequate test
coverage.
2. Changing Requirements: It can be challenging to
adapt tests to changing or evolving requirements.

White-Box Testing:
White-box testing, in contrast to black-box testing,
focuses on the internal structure and code of the system.
Testers design test cases based on an understanding of
the code's logic, structure, and algorithms.

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->Advantages:
1. Code Quality Evaluation: It helps identify issues
within the code, such as logical errors or vulnerabilities.
2. Path Coverage: Provides better coverage of code
paths, potentially uncovering edge cases.
3. Optimization Opportunities: Can identify areas for
code optimization and performance improvement.
->Disadvantages:
1. Dependence on Code Knowledge: Testers need a
good understanding of the code, making it developer-
centric.
2. Limited Focus: White-box testing might not uncover
functionality issues if the code adheres to specifications
but lacks user-centric functionality.
3. Highly Detailed and Time-Consuming: Designing
white-box test cases can be time-consuming due to the
need for detailed code knowledge.

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Code Completeness Evaluation:
Code completeness evaluation is the process of assessing
whether the codebase covers all intended functionality. It
often involves examining the code against requirements
and specifications to determine if any functionality is
missing or incomplete.
In summary , black-box and specification-based testing
focus on testing from an external, user-oriented
perspective, relying on documented requirements.
White-box testing delves into the internal code structure
and logic. The choice of testing method depends on the
specific testing goals and the stage of the software
development life cycle.

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HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE
REQUIREMENTS
1. OPERATING SYSTEM: Windows 10 Pro Single
Language
2. PROCESSOR: Intel(R) Core(TM) i3-7100 CPU @
3.90GHz 3.91 GHz
3. MOTHERBOARD: Lenovo H110-M-H Intel 7th gen
4. RAM: 8.00 GB
5. SSD (Solid State Drive):256GB
6. CD/DVD r/w multi drive combo: (if backup required)
7. FLOPPY DRIVE: (if backup required)
8. KEYBOARD MOUSE
9. PRINTER: (if print is required)
10. Monitor/Any Screen
SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
1. Windows OS
2. Python 3.12.6
3. MYSQL 8.0.39 Command Line Client

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 BIBLIOGRAPHY
1.