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برمجة مصدق

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27 views19 pages

برمجة مصدق

Uploaded by

fadil92870
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Programming

Lecture One

Presented By: Mr. Musadaq A. Hadi


Department of Cybersecurity Engineering
Alshaab University
No. Table of Content
1. What is A Computer? 6. What are Compilers and Interpreters?

2. What are The Computer Hardware 7. What is Integrated Development Environment


Components? (IDE)?

3. What are The Computer Software 8. What are Version Control Systems and Google
Components? Colab?

4. What is A Program? 9. What is SDLC?

5. A Program Execution Path from Input to 10. What is Algorithm, Pseudocode and Flowchart
Output in Programming?

11. References
1. What is A Computer?
A computer is an electronic device designed to process data and perform
a wide range of tasks by following specific instructions, called programs.
Here are the key components of a computer:
a) Hardware: The physical parts, such as the CPU (Central Processing
Unit), memory (RAM), storage (SSD or HDD), input/output devices
(keyboard, mouse, monitor, etc.).
b) Software: The programs and operating systems that tell the hardware
what to do such as System Software (OS), Application Software (Firefox)
and Development Tools (IDEs).
2. What are The Computer Hardware Components?
They are the physical parts that interact to perform programming tasks.
a) Input Devices: It allow users to interact with the computer and provide
data (Keyboard, Mouse, Microphone, Scanner and Sensors).
b) Output Devices: It display or convey information from the computer to
the user (Monitor, Printer and Speakers).
c) Processing Unit: The "brain" of the computer (Central Processing Unit
(CPU), Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) and Motherboard).
d) Memory and Storage: It store data and instructions (Random Access
Memory (RAM), Read Only Memory (ROM), SSD and HDD).
3. What are The Computer Software Components?
They are parts of a computer system that consist of programs and data
required for its operation.
a) System Software: It manages the hardware and provides basic
functionalities for the computer to operate (Operating System (OS)).
b) Application Software: It is designed for end-users to perform specific
tasks (Microsoft Office, Mozilla Firefox and Adobe Photoshop).
c) Development Tools: It is used to create and maintain other software
(Programming Languages and IDEs, Compilers and Interpreters and
Version Control Systems).
4. What is A Program?
A program is a set of instructions written in a programming language that
a computer can execute to perform specific tasks. It tells the computer
how to process data, interact with hardware, and produce outcomes.
Here are some characteristics of a program:
a) Logical Sequence: Instructions are organized in a logical order to
achieve the desired result.
b) Execution: Programs are executed by the CPU, often with the help of
an interpreter or compiler.
c) Purpose-Driven: Designed to perform specific functions (Data Analysis)
5. A Program Execution Path from Input to Output
A program execution path from input to output follows several key steps:
a) Input Processing: The program receives from keyboard (input device)
and processes input, such as user data or files, by parsing and converting
it into a usable form.
b) Program Execution: The program is executed (CPU) to perform
calculations, logic, or actions based on the input, executing its core
functionality.
c) Output Display: The program displays results on Screen (output
device) to the user , which are then be saved for future use.
6. What are Compilers and Interpreters?
Compilers and interpreters are tools used to translate high-level
programming languages (like Python or C++) into machine code that a
computer can execute. Both serve the same purpose but work in
different ways.
Feature Compiler Interpreter
Execution Speed Faster (code precompiled) Slower (line-by-line execution)
Error Handling Detects all errors at once Stops at the first error
Output Standalone executable file No separate file; runs in real-time

Use Case Large, performance-critical Scripting and quick testing


programs
7. What is Integrated Development Environment (IDE)?
An Integrated Development Environment (IDE) is a software application
that provides comprehensive tools and features to assist programmers in
writing, testing, and debugging code efficiently. It combines multiple
programming utilities into a single interface, streamlining the
development process. Popular IDEs:
a) Visual Studio Code (supports many languages and frameworks).
b) PyCharm (Python-specific).
c) Eclipse (popular for Java development).
d) Android Studio (Android app development).
8. What are Version Control Systems and Google Colab?
a) A Version Control System (VCS) is a tool that helps manage and track
changes to files and code over time. It allows multiple users to work on
the same project. Changes are stored in a repository, and previous
versions of files can be retrieved when needed. A widely used example is
Git. Git is commonly used with platforms like GitHub, GitLab, or Bitbucket.
b) Google Colab (short for Colaboratory) is a cloud-based platform that
allows users to write and execute Python code in a notebook-style
interface. It is particularly popular for data science, machine learning, and
academic research.
8. What is SDLC?
The Software Development Life Cycle and System Development Life
Cycle are both frameworks that describe the phases involved in
developing and deploying software or systems. Although they are closely
related, there are subtle differences in scope and focus.
Feature Software Development Life Cycle System Development Life Cycle

Scope Focuses on software development both hardware and software development

Components Software systems only Encompasses hardware and software

Applications Used in software applications Used enterprise systems

Complexity Less complex More complex.


9. What is Algorithm, Pseudocode and Flowchart in Programming?
a) An algorithm in programming is a step-by-step procedure or set of
rules designed to solve a specific problem or perform a particular task. It
provides a clear method for solving a problem. Example of an algorithm:
 Algorithm for Adding Two Numbers:
Input: Two numbers, a and b.
Step 1: Add the two numbers together: sum = a + b.
Step 2: Output the result (sum).
Output: sum.
10. What is Algorithm, Pseudocode and Flowchart in Programming?
b) Pseudocode is a simplified, informal, and human-readable description
of an algorithm. Example of Pseudocode is that suppose we want to write
an algorithm to sum of two numbers:
START
INPUT number1
INPUT number2
sum = number1 + number2
OUTPUT sum
END
11. What is Algorithm, Pseudocode and Flowchart in Programming?
c) A flowchart is a diagrammatic representation of an algorithm or
process. It uses various shapes (such as rectangles, diamonds, and ovals)
to represent different actions or steps, and arrows to show the flow of
control from one step to the next. Key Symbols in Flowcharts:
 Oval: Represents the start or end of the algorithm.
 Rectangle: Represents a process or operation.
 Diamond: Represents a decision point.
 Parallelogram: Represents input or output operations.
Example of Algorithm
and Flowchart
11. Lecture One Recap
1. What is A Computer?
2. What are The Computer Hardware Components?
3. What are The Computer Software Components?
4. What is A Program?
5. What are Compilers and Interpreters?
6. A Program Execution Path from Input to Output
7. What is Integrated Development Environment (IDE)?
8. What are Version Control Systems and Google Colab?
9. What is SDLC?
10. What is Algorithm, Pseudocode and Flowchart in Programming?
The End!

Lecture One

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