GENERAL PHYSICS 2

UNIT 1: ELECTRIC CHARGE, ELECTRIC FIELD, COULOMB’S LAW, AND ELECTRIC FLUX

Charging by Conduction and Induction: Electric Force and Coulomb’s Law:

1) Which of the following best describes what happens 1) What principle is used to calculate the net electric force on a
during charging by rubbing? point charge due to multiple other charges in a system?
A. Electrons are transferred from one object to another, A. The superposition principle, which states that the net force is
causing both objects to become neutral. the vector sum of individual forces from each charge.
B. Protons are transferred between two objects, resulting in B. The exclusion principle, which states that only the strongest
one object being positively charged and the other force acts on the point charge.
negatively charged. C. The conservation principle, which states that the total
C. Electrons are transferred from one object to another, leaving charge remains constant regardless of the forces.
one object negatively charged and the other positively D. The resonance principle, which states that forces combine
charged. only when charges oscillate at the same frequency.
D. Both electrons and protons are exchanged, resulting in both
objects becoming either positively or negatively charged. 2) Two point charges, q1=+3 μC and q2=−4 μC, are placed 0.3
m apart in a vacuum. What is the net electric force on a
2) In charging by induction, which of the following best explains third charge q3=+2 μC placed midway between q1 and q2?
how an uncharged object can become charged when a |# # |
Use 𝐹! = 𝑘 $! " " ; k = 8.99 x 109 Nm2/C2.
charged object is brought close to it (without touching it)?
A. 4.8 N to the right
A. Electrons move from the charged object to the uncharged
B. 5.6 N to the left
object, making both objects negatively charged.
C. 2.4 N to the right
B. The uncharged object gains electrons from the surrounding
D. 1.6 N to the left
air, making it positively charged.
C. Charges within the uncharged object rearrange themselves,
3) Three point charges are arranged in a
resulting in one side being positively charged and the other
line: q1=+6 μC at x=0 m, q2=−2 μC at x=0.5 m,
side negatively charged.
and q3=+4 μC at x=1.0 m. What is the net electric force
D. The charged object neutralizes the uncharged object by |# # |
transferring electrons to it. on q2? Use 𝐹! = 𝑘 $! " " ; k = 8.99 x 109 Nm2/C2.
A. 0.144 N to the right
3) What role does electron transfer play in the process B. 0.072 N to the left
of electrostatic charging by rubbing? C. 0.216 N to the left
A. Electrons move between two objects, causing them to both D. 0.288 N to the right
lose their charges.
B. Electrons are transferred from one material to another, Electric Field:
leading to one object becoming positively charged and the 1) Which statement best describes an electric field?
other negatively charged. A. An electric field is a region around a charged particle where
C. The transfer of electrons results in both objects becoming a magnetic charge experiences a force.
equally charged, either both positive or both negative. B. An electric field is a region in which a charged particle
D. Electrons are transferred to a third object, which then remains at rest regardless of other forces.
charges both initial objects by induction. C. An electric field is a region in which an electric charge
experiences an attractive or repulsive force.
4) Which of the following experiments demonstrates charging D. An electric field is a region where only neutral particles can
by induction? be influenced by a charge.
A. Rubbing a plastic rod with a wool cloth and bringing it close
to small pieces of paper. 2) What is the direction of the electric field at a point due to a
B. Touching a charged glass rod to a metal sphere to transfer positive point charge?
charge directly. A. The electric field points towards the positive charge.
C. Bringing a negatively charged rod close to a metal sphere, B. The electric field points away from the positive charge.
grounding the sphere, and then removing the ground C. The electric field forms a circular pattern around the charge.
connection. D. The electric field is zero at all points around the charge.
D. Placing a charged object inside a Faraday cage to observe
charge shielding. 3) Two point charges, q1=+5 μC and q2=−3 μC, are separated
by a distance of 0.4 m. What is the magnitude of the electric
5) During electrostatic charging by induction, what happens to field at a point midway between the two charges? Use 𝐸 =
the electrons in a neutral conductor when a positively #
𝑘 $".
charged object is brought near it?
A. 2.25×105 N/C
A. Electrons in the conductor move toward the positively
B. 4.5×105 N/C
charged object, leaving the far side positively charged.
C. 7.5×105 N/C
B. Electrons move away from the positively charged object,
D. 1.25×106 N/C
resulting in the near side of the conductor becoming
positively charged.
4) What is the electric field at a distance of 0.2 m from a point
C. Electrons are transferred to the positively charged object, #
neutralizing it completely. charge of +8 μC? Use 𝐸 = 𝑘 ".
$
D. The conductor gains additional electrons from the A. 1.8×106 N/C
surrounding air, becoming negatively charged. B. 2.4×106 N/C
C. 4.0×106 N/C
D. 5.6×106 N/C
Electric Flux: 3) A uniform electric field E=500 N/C passes perpendicularly
1) What is the electric flux through a closed surface if the net through a square surface of side 0.3 m. What is the electric
electric charge enclosed within it is zero? flux through this surface? Use Φ! = 𝐸𝐴 cos 𝜃.
A. The electric flux is positive. A. 30 Nm2/C
B. The electric flux is negative. B. 45 Nm2/C
C. The electric flux is zero. C. 60 Nm2/C
D. The electric flux depends on the shape of the surface. D. 90 Nm2/C

2) According to Gauss's Law, which of the following statements 4) Using Gauss's Law, calculate the electric field at a distance
is true for the electric field outside a uniformly charged of 0.5 m from an infinitely long, uniformly charged wire with
spherical shell? a linear charge density of λ=2 μC/m. Use Φ! = 𝐸𝐴 cos 𝜃.
A. The electric field outside is zero everywhere. A. 3.6×104 N/C
B. The electric field behaves as if all the charge were B. 7.2×104 N/C
concentrated at the center of the sphere. C. 9.0×104 N/C
C. The electric field increases linearly with distance from the D. 1.2×105 N/C
center.
D. The electric field inside the sphere is equal to the field
outside.
UNIT 2: ELECTRIC POTENTIAL
Electric Potential, Potential Difference and Potential
Energy Electric Field and Equipotential Lines:
1) What does the electric potential difference between two 1) Which of the following statements is true about equipotential
points indicate? lines in an electric field?
A. The amount of charge transferred between two points. A. Equipotential lines are always perpendicular to the electric
B. The total energy stored in the electric field. field lines.
C. The work done in moving a unit positive charge from one B. The electric field strength increases where the equipotential
point to another. lines are farther apart.
D. The force exerted on a charge placed between two points. C. Equipotential lines can intersect at points where the field
strength is zero.
2) Which of the following statements is true for the electric D. The direction of the electric field is tangential to the
potential due to a uniformly charged spherical shell at a equipotential lines.
point outside the shell?
A. The electric potential decreases with the square of the 2) What can be inferred about the electric field around a point
distance from the center. charge given the pattern of equipotential lines?
B. The electric potential is the same as if all the charge were A. The electric field is uniform and parallel to the equipotential
concentrated at the center. lines.
C. The electric potential is zero everywhere outside the shell. B. The electric field points radially outward from positive
D. The electric potential depends on the direction from the charges and inward toward negative charges.
center. C. The electric field is strongest where equipotential lines are
spaced farther apart.
3) A 5 μC charge is moved through a potential difference D. The electric field strength is independent of the distance
of 200 V. How much work is done on the charge? Use 𝑊 = from the point charge.
𝑞∆𝑉.
A. 0.5 J 3) The electric potential in a region of space is given
B. 1.0 J by V(x,y)=3x2−4y V. Calculate the electric field
C. 1.5 J %&
component Ex at the point (2,1) m. Use 𝐸 = − .
%'
D. 2.0 J
A. 6 V/m
B. −12 V/m
4) Calculate the electric potential at a distance of 0.3 m from a
# C. 8 V/m
point charge of 8 μC. Use 𝑉 = 𝑘 $ . D. −8 V/m
A. 2.4×104 V
B. 4.8×104 V 4) Given that the electric potential in a region is defined
C. 9.6×104 V by V(r)=10r−2 V, find the magnitude of the electric field E at
D. 1.2×105 V (&
a distance r=2 m. Use 𝐸 = − ($ .
5) Determine the electric potential at the center of a ring with a A. 2.5 V/m
radius of 0.5 m uniformly charged with a total charge B. 5 V/m
# C. 10 V/m
of 10 μC. Use 𝑉 = 𝑘 $ .
D. 20 V/m
A. 1.8×104 V
B. 2.3×104 V
C. 4.5×104 V
D. 0 V
UNIT 3: CAPACITANCE AND DIELECTRICS
Factors affecting Capacitance:
1) If the distance between the plates of a parallel-plate 4) Two capacitors, C1=8 μF and C2=4 μF, are connected in
capacitor is doubled while keeping the charge constant, parallel to a 12 V battery. What is the charge on the 8 μF
what will happen to the capacitance? capacitor? Use 𝑞)*)+, = 𝑞- = 𝑞. = ⋯ = 𝑞/ .
A. The capacitance will double. A. 32 μC
B. The capacitance will remain the same. B. 48 μC
C. The capacitance will be reduced to half. C. 64 μC
D. The capacitance will increase four times. D. 96 μC

2) For a spherical capacitor, if the radius of the outer sphere is 5) What is the energy stored in a 2 μF capacitor charged to a
increased while keeping the inner sphere’s radius the -
potential difference of 10 V? Use 𝑈 = . 𝑞𝑉.
same, what is the effect on the capacitance?
A. 0.01 J
A. The capacitance increases.
B. 0.05 J
B. The capacitance decreases.
C. 0.10 J
C. The capacitance remains unchanged.
D. 0.20 J
D. The capacitance becomes zero.
6) A parallel-plate capacitor with a capacitance of 10 μF is
3) If the length of a cylindrical capacitor is increased while
charged to a potential difference of 20 V. What is the
keeping the radii and charge the same, how does it affect -
the capacitance? potential energy stored in the capacitor? Use 𝑈 = . 𝐶𝑉 . .
A. The capacitance decreases. A. 0.02 J
B. The capacitance increases. B. 0.04 J
C. The capacitance remains the same. C. 0.10 J
D. The capacitance becomes infinite. D. 2.00 J

Combination of Capacitors: Dielectrics:

1) You have three capacitors with capacitances 1) When a dielectric material is inserted into a charged
of C1=2 μF, C2=4 μF, and C3=6 μF connected in series. capacitor, what happens to the capacitance, charge, and
What is the equivalent capacitance of the combination? Use electric field inside the capacitor?
𝐶)*)+, = 𝐶- + 𝐶. + ⋯ + 𝐶/ . A. Capacitance decreases, charge remains constant, and
A. 0.92 μF electric field increases.
B. 1.14 μF B. Capacitance increases, charge remains constant, and
C. 2.43 μF electric field decreases.
D. 12.00 μF C. Capacitance decreases, charge increases, and electric field
remains unchanged.
2) Two capacitors C1=5 μF and C2=10 μF are connected in D. Capacitance remains constant, charge increases, and
parallel. What is the equivalent capacitance of this electric field increases.
- - - -
combination? Use 0 = 0 + 0 + ⋯+ 0 .
#$#%& ! " ' 2) Which of the following is true about the effect of inserting a
A. 3.33 μF dielectric material between the plates of an uncharged
B. 5.00 μF capacitor?
C. 7.50 μF A. The charge on the capacitor increases, and the capacitance
D. 15.00 μF decreases.
B. The electric field inside the capacitor remains unchanged,
3) Three capacitors C1=3 μF, C2=6 μF, and C3=9 μF are but the capacitance increases.
connected in series to a 24 V battery. What is the charge on C. The capacitance increases, and the electric field inside the
each capacitor? Use 𝑞)*)+, = 𝑞- = 𝑞. = ⋯ = 𝑞/ . capacitor decreases.
A. 12 μC D. The charge on the capacitor remains constant, and the
B. 8 μC capacitance decreases.
C. 4 μC
D. 2 μC
UNIT 4: CURRENT, RESISTANCE, AND ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE
Electric Current: Ohm’s Law:
1) What is the primary difference between conventional current 1) Which of the following best describes Ohm's Law?
and electron flow in a conductor? A. The voltage across a resistor is proportional to the square of
A. Conventional current flows from the positive to the negative the current flowing through it.
terminal, while electron flow moves from negative to B. The current through a conductor between two points is
positive. directly proportional to the potential difference across the
B. Conventional current flows from negative to positive, while two points, provided the temperature remains constant.
electron flow moves from positive to negative. C. The resistance of a material decreases as the current
C. Conventional current and electron flow always flow in the increases, provided the voltage remains constant.
same direction. D. The power dissipated in a resistor is inversely proportional
D. Conventional current only exists in a vacuum, while electron to the resistance.
flow occurs in conductors.
2) A resistor has a resistance of 15 Ω. If a current of 3 A flows
2) When a current of 2 A flows through a wire for 5 seconds, through it, what is the voltage across the resistor? Use 𝑉 =
#
how much charge passes through the wire? Use 𝐼 = ) . 𝐼𝑅.
A. 0.4 C C. 10 C A. 30 V
B. 5 C D. 20 C B. 45 V
C. 60 V
3) A circuit has a current of 3 A flowing for 4 minutes. How D. 75 V
much charge has passed through the circuit during this
# 3) A light bulb is connected to a 120 V120V power source and
time? Use 𝐼 = ) .
draws a current of 0.5 A0.5A. What is the resistance of the
A. 120 C C. 240 C light bulb? Use 𝑉 = 𝐼𝑅.
B. 180 C D. 360 C A. 60 Ω
B. 150 Ω
4) A current of 5 A flows through a wire for 2.5 minutes. C. 240 Ω
Calculate the total charge that has passed through the wire. D. 300 Ω
#
Use 𝐼 = ) .
A. 125 C Electromotive Force and Terminal Voltage:
B. 150 C 1) What is the key difference between the emf of a source and
C. 250 C the potential difference (PD) across a circuit?
D. 300 C A. Emf is the energy per unit charge supplied by the source,
while PD is the energy per unit charge consumed by the
Electrical Resistance: circuit.
1) How does the temperature of a metallic conductor affect its B. Emf is always greater than the potential difference.
electrical resistance? C. Emf only exists in resistors, while PD is in all components of
A. The resistance decreases as temperature increases. the circuit.
B. The resistance remains unchanged with temperature. D. There is no difference; emf and PD are the same.
C. The resistance increases as temperature increases.
D. The resistance is directly proportional to the current. 2) What happens to the terminal voltage of a battery as the
current increases, assuming the battery has a constant
2) What is the relationship between a material's resistivity and internal resistance?
its ability to conduct current? A. The terminal voltage increases because the emf increases
A. Higher resistivity means better conductivity. with current.
B. Higher resistivity means poorer conductivity. B. The terminal voltage remains constant because the emf is
C. Resistivity has no effect on conductivity. independent of current.
D. Resistivity is directly proportional to the current. C. The terminal voltage decreases because the internal
resistance causes a voltage drop as current increases.
3) A wire has a resistance of 4 ohms. If the length of the wire is D. The terminal voltage decreases due to the increased
doubled and the cross-sectional area is halved, what is the resistance of the external circuit.
1
new resistance? Use 𝑅 = 𝜌 .
2 3) A battery with an emf of 12 V is connected to a resistor of 4
A. 4 ohms ohms. If the internal resistance of the battery is 1 ohm, what
B. 8 ohms is the terminal voltage across the resistor when the current
C. 16 ohms
is 2 A? Use 𝑇𝑉 = 𝜀 − 𝐼𝑟.
D. 2 ohms A. 8 V
B. 10 V
4) A copper wire with a resistivity of 1.68×10−8 Ω⋅m has a length C. 12 V
of 2 meters and a cross-sectional area of 0.5 mm2. What is D. 14 V
1
the resistance of the wire? Use 𝑅 = 𝜌 .
2
A. 0.168 ohms 4) A battery with an emf of 15 V and an internal resistance of 2
B. 1.68 ohms ohms is connected to an external resistor of 6 ohms. What
C. 0.0168 ohms is the current flowing in the circuit? Use 𝑇𝑉 = 𝜀 − 𝐼𝑟.
D. 0.000168 ohms A. 1.5 A C. 2.5 A
B. 2 A D. 3 A
UNIT 5: DIRECT-CURRENT CIRCUITS
Combination of Resistors:
Solve for the total resistance and total current in the following circuit diagrams. Then, solve for the voltage across and current through
each resistor.

Series: Parallel:

𝐼)*)+, = 𝐼- + 𝐼. + ⋯ + 𝐼/ 𝐼)*)+, = 𝐼- = 𝐼. = ⋯ = 𝐼/

𝑉)*)+, = 𝑉- = 𝑉. = ⋯ = 𝑉/ 𝑉)*)+, = 𝑉- + 𝑉. + ⋯ + 𝑉/

1 1 1 1 𝑅)*)+, = 𝑅- + 𝑅. + ⋯ + 𝑅/
= + + ⋯+
𝑅)*)+, 𝑅- 𝑅. 𝑅/

Kirchhoff’s Laws:
Calculate the current and voltage through and across circuit elements using Kirchhoff’s loop and junction rules.

<𝐼 = 0

<𝑉 = 0

Resistor-Capacitor Circuit:
1) Which of the following best describes the role of the time constant τ in an RC circuit?
A) It determines the rate at which the current in the circuit will continue to increase indefinitely.
B) It represents the time it takes for the capacitor to fully charge.
C) It is the time required for the voltage across the capacitor to reach half of its maximum value during charging.
D) It is the time required for the capacitor to reach a steady state where no current flows.

2) In an RC circuit, a 100 µF capacitor is charged through a 1 kΩ resistor with a 10 V battery. What is the voltage across the capacitor
5
after 5 ms? (Assume the capacitor is initially uncharged.) Use 𝑉(𝑡) = 𝑉3 A1 − 𝑒 4 760 C.
A) 3.2 V
B) 6.3 V
C) 8.6 V
D) 9.0 V

3) In an RC circuit with a time constant of 2 ms, what is the current in the circuit 3 milliseconds after the capacitor begins to charge if the
5
battery voltage is 12 V and the resistance is 1 kΩ? Use 𝐼 = 𝐼3 𝑒 4 760 .
A) 0.003 A
B) 0.007 A
C) 0.008 A
D) 0.010 A
UNIT 6: FORCE DUE TO MAGNETIC FIELDS AND SOURCES OF MAGNETIC FIELDS
Magnetic Interaction and Flux 2) A 0.5 m long wire carries a current of 3 A. The wire is placed
1) Which of the following is a key difference between electric in a magnetic field of 4 T at an angle of 90° to the field.
and magnetic interactions? What is the magnetic force on the wire? Use 𝐹8 = 𝐼𝐿𝐵 sin 𝜃.
A. Electric forces can act on both moving and stationary A. 0 N
charges, while magnetic forces only act on moving charges. B. 6 N
B. Electric forces only affect positive charges, while magnetic C. 12 N
forces only affect negative charges. D. 24 N
C. Electric forces are proportional to the square of the distance
between charges, while magnetic forces are proportional to 3) A 1 m long wire carries a current of 2 A. The wire is placed at
the cube of the distance. an angle of 30° to a magnetic field with a strength of 5 T.
D. Electric forces result from moving charges, while magnetic What is the magnetic force acting on the wire? Use 𝐹8 =
forces result from stationary charges. 𝐼𝐿𝐵 sin 𝜃.
A. 5 N
2) Which of the following statements accurately describes the B. 10 N
behavior of electric and magnetic fields? C. 5√3 N
A. Electric fields are produced by moving charges, while D. 10√3 N
magnetic fields are produced by stationary charges.
B. Electric fields affect only stationary charges, while magnetic Magnetic Field:
fields affect only moving charges. 1) A charged particle with a charge of 3 μC is moving with a
C. Both electric and magnetic fields exert forces on stationary speed of 2×104 m/s along the x-axis. What is the magnetic
charges in the same manner. field at a point 2 meters away from the particle along the y-
D. Electric fields are associated with static charges, while axis? (Assume the charge is moving perpendicular to the
magnetic fields are associated with moving charges. 9( #:
point and use the Biot-Savart law.) Use 𝐵 = ;<$ "
.
A. 1.6×10−5 T
3) A uniform magnetic field of strength 3 T is applied
B. 3.2×10−5 T
perpendicular to a square surface with an area of 2 m². C. 1.2×10−5 T
What is the total magnetic flux through the surface? Use
D. 4.8×10−5 T
Φ8 = 𝐵𝐴 cos 𝜃.
A. 3 Wb
2) A long straight wire carries a current of 5 A. What is the
B. 6 Wb
magnetic field at a point 10 cm away from the wire? Use
C. 2 Wb 9 =
D. 0 Wb 𝐵= ( .
.<$
A. 1×10−4 T
4) A magnetic field of 4 T is directed at an angle of 30° to the B. 2×10−4 T
normal of a circular loop of radius 0.5 m. What is the C. 4×10−4 T
magnetic flux through the loop? Use Φ8 = 𝐵𝐴 cos 𝜃. D. 8×10−4 T
A. 2 Wb
B. 1 Wb 3) Two long parallel wires are placed 0.2 meters apart, and
C. 0.5 Wb each carries a current of 3 A in the same direction. What is
D. 3 Wb the magnetic field at a point halfway between the two
wires? Use 𝐵)*)+, = ∑ 𝐵> .
5) Which of the following factors does not directly affect the A. 3×10−5 T
cyclotron frequency of a charged particle moving in a B. 6×10−5 T
magnetic field? C. 9×10−5 T
A. The magnetic field strength D. 1×10−4 T
B. The mass of the particle
C. The charge of the particle 4) Two long parallel wires carry currents of 4 A and 6 A,
D. The velocity of the particle respectively. If the wires are placed 0.5 meters apart and
the currents flow in opposite directions, what is the
6) A charged particle moves in a uniform magnetic field. What magnetic field at a point 0.3 m from the 4 A wire? Use
happens to the speed and acceleration of the particle? 𝐵)*)+, = ∑ 𝐵> .
A. The speed increases while the acceleration remains A. 1.2×10−4 T
constant. B. 2.4×10−4 T
B. The speed remains constant while the acceleration changes C. 3.6×10−4 T
direction. D. 4.8×10−4 T
C. The speed decreases while the acceleration increases.
D. Both the speed and acceleration increase. 5) Two parallel wires carry currents of 5 A and 10 A,
respectively. The wires are separated by a distance of 0.2
Magnetic Force: meters. What is the force per unit length on the 5 A wire due
? 9( =! ="
1) Which of the following factors does not influence the to the 10 A wire? Use 1 = .<( .
magnetic force on a current-carrying wire placed in a −4
A. 2.0×10 N/m
uniform magnetic field? B. 3.5×10−4 N/m
A. The length of the wire C. 4.5×10−4 N/m
B. The angle between the wire and the magnetic field D. 6.0×10−4 N/m
C. The speed of the current in the wire
D. The magnitude of the magnetic field
6) Two parallel wires are placed 0.4 meters apart, with currents 8) A circular current loop with a radius of 0.15 m carries a
of 2 A and 4 A flowing in the same direction. What is the current of 3 A. What is the magnetic field at a point 0.2
force per unit length on the 2 A wire due to the 4 A wire? 9( =6 "
? 9( =! ="
meters along the axis of the loop? Use 𝐵 = )* .
.(6 " A' " ) "
Use 1 = .<( .
−4
A. 4.3×10−5 T
A. 2.5×10 N/m B. 5.4×10−5 T
B. 3.0×10−4 N/m C. 6.7×10−5 T
C. 1.5×10−4 N/m D. 8.2×10−5 T
D. 1.0×10−4 N/m

7) What is the magnetic field along the axis of a circular loop

with a radius of 0.1 m, carrying a current of 2 A? Use 𝐵 =
9( =6 "
" " )*
.
.(6 A' ) "

A. 1.6×10−4 T
B. 2.5×10−4 T
C. 3.5×10−4 T
D. 4.0×10−4 T