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Lec 2
DR. M. Arafa
Common Benchmark Functions
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➢ Note that the mathematical symbol for the floor function is ⌊.⌋, and the
𝑓1 , 𝑓3 , 𝑓 4 , 𝑓5 , 𝑓7 ,
[0 , 0 ,…..…, 0]
𝑓8, 𝑓9, 𝑓10, 𝑓11, 𝑓12,
➢ According to the modality property, functions 𝑓1, 𝑓2, 𝑓8, 𝑓9, and 𝑓10
Note that: 𝑓4 is the Rosenbrock function which is unimodal for D < 4 and
multimodal for D ≥ 4 .
➢ According to the separability property, functions 𝑓1, 𝑓2, 𝑓5, 𝑓6, 𝑓8, and
➢ If the transpose of the matrix is equal to the original matrix, then the matrix is
➢ But if the transpose of the matrix is equal to the inverse of the original matrix,
𝑅𝑇 = 𝑅 −1 ( or 𝑅 𝑅𝑇 = 𝐼 )
det(𝑅) = ±1
where 𝐼 is the identity matrix and det(𝑅) is the determinant of the matrix 𝑅.
Examples of orthogonal rotation matrices
2-D Rotation
cos 𝜃 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
𝑅𝑥 =
sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃
cos 𝜃 0 sin 𝜃
𝑅𝑦 = 0 1 0
−sin 𝜃 0 cos 𝜃
cos 𝜃 −sin 𝜃 0
𝑅𝑧 = sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 0
0 0 1
➢ For a three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system, 𝑅𝑥 , 𝑅𝑦 , and 𝑅𝑧 rotate vectors
(or points) counterclockwise by an angle θ about the x-axis, y-axis and z-axis,
respectively.
<< x=[-5:0.1:5];
exp(0.5*(cos(2*pi.*x1)+cos(2*pi.*x2)));
<< colormap(hsv)
% control the color map , for more colors, replace hsv with
% one of these words: jet – hot – cool – spring – summer – autumn – winter –