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WRITING 1
LINE, BAR, TABLE
Lesson Preparation

Check-up 1.

Sample Structure

The chart gives information about UK

introduction : 1 sentence
immigration, emigration and net migration
(Function): paraphrase the question
between 1999 and 2008.

Overall, both immigration and emigration overview : 2 sentence

rates rose over the period shown, but the (Function): report (2-3) main features

figures for immigration were significantly without referencing any data

higher. Net migration peaked in 2004 and

2007.

In 1999, over 450,000 people came to live in body paragraphs : 3-4 sentence

the UK, while the number of people who (Function): report features in details and

emigrated stood at just under 300,000. The make comparisons with data
figure for net migration was around

160,000, and it remained at a similar level

until 2003. From 1999 to 2004, the

immigration rate rose by nearly 150,000

people, but there was a much smaller rise in

emigration. Net migration peaked at almost

250,000 people in 2004.

After 2004, the rate of immigration

remained high, but the number of people

emigrating fluctuated. Emigration fell

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suddenly in 2007, before peaking at about

420,000 people in 2008. As a result, the net

migration figure rose to around 240,000 in

2007, but fell back to around 160,000 in

2008.

In 1999, over 450,000 people came to live in body paragraphs : 3-4 sentence

the UK, while the number of people who (Function): report features in details and
emigrated stood at just under 300,000. The make comparisons with data

figure for net migration was around

160,000, and it remained at a similar level

until 2003. From 1999 to 2004, the

immigration rate rose by nearly 150,000

people, but there was a much smaller rise in

emigration. Net migration peaked at almost

250,000 people in 2004.

After 2004, the rate of immigration

remained high, but the number of people

emigrating fluctuated. Emigration fell

suddenly in 2007, before peaking at about

420,000 people in 2008. As a result, the net

migration figure rose to around 240,000 in

2007, but fell back to around 160,000 in

2008.

Check-up 2.

1.

Xu hướng Verbs Nouns

Tăng To increase, to go up, to An increase, a rise, a growth,

rise, to grow, to climb, to an upward trend

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jump (rise quickly), to soar

(rise quickly), to rocket (rise

quickly and suddenly)

Giảm To decline, to decrease, to A decline, a decrease, a

drop, to fall, to go down, to drop, a fall, a downward

plummet (fall suddenly), to trend

plunge (fall suddenly)

Dao động To fluctuate A fluctuation

Không thay đổi Remain/stay unchanged

Remain/stay/stand stable

Đạt đỉnh cao reach a peak of

peak at
Hit the highest point

Chạm đáy hit the lowest point of

hit its bottom of

Mức độ Adj Adv

Sharp Sharply

Rapid Rapidly

Rất mạnh Quick Quickly

Steep Steeply
Dramatic Dramatically

Considerable Considerably
Mạnh Significant Significantly

Substantial Substantially

Vừa vừa Moderate Moderately

Steady Steadily
Đều đều
Gradual Gradually

Slight Slightly

Nhẹ Slow Slowly

Minimal Minimally

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2.

1.1 From January to March, in-person information requests rose rapidly from just over
400 to 800.

1.2 Over the first two months, there was a rapid growth of nearly 400 in the number of

in-person information requests.

1.3 Between January and March, in-person information requests witnessed a rapid
increase to 800.

1.4 The period from January to March saw a rapid increase of approximately 400 in the

number of in-person information requests.

1.5 From January to May, information requests by letter or email experienced a gradual

drop to below 400.

1.6 From March to June, in-person information requests rose sharply by 1100.

1.7 Information requests by telephone stood at 900 in January, then fell down to 800,

but later increased by 200 in March.

1.8 From January to March, information requests by letter or email dropped to 700.

2.

The expenditure for food in Japan was higher than the figures for the other nations in 2009.

(This is a static bar chart, which has no trend or timeline, so language for trends must not be

used. )

Check-up 3.

Suggested answer

1 • The number of employees in company A fell slightly to 100. Similarly / In a

similar way, that in company B saw a small drop and finally hit its bottom of

80.

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• The number of employees in company A fell slightly to 100. A similar

trend/pattern was seen in the figure for company B that finally hit its bottom

of 800.

2 • While/ Whereas/ Meanwhile the amount of beef eaten sharply decreased to

approximately 50 pounds, the consumption of pork witnessed a dramatic

growth to just under 90 pounds.

• The amount of beef eaten sharply decreased to approximately 50 pounds

while/, whereas/ meanwhile the consumption of broilers witnessed a dramatic

growth to just under 90 pounds.

• The amount of beef eaten sharply decreased to approximately 50 pounds. In

contrast/ On the other hand, the consumption of broilers witnessed a dramatic

growth to just under 90 pounds.

• While the amount of beef eaten sharply decreased to approximately 50

pounds, the opposite pattern was seen in the consumption of pork with the

figure reaching 90 pounds.

3 • Household expenditure in Japan was four times higher than the figure for

India.
• Household expenditure in Japan was four times as high as the figure for India.

4 • Car is the most popular means of transport while/meanwhile/ , whereas the

least-favored means is train.

Check-up 4.

1 In 2000, the proportion of oil production in America seen a steep rise to 30%, which

was three times higher than the figure for Germany.

2 The Turkey spent most on these items at just 4.35% of their national expenditure,

which is around double that of Spain (1,98%).

3 Starting at 25 in 2000, the number of employees in company A increased

significantly to 40 before declining by five workers in 2010.

4 In terms of TV advertisement, the expenditure of Certirizine stood at 70 million,

followed by Vauxhall with 65 million.

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Check-up 5.

static graph dynamic graph

(1), (2), (5) (3), (4)

Types of graphs Types of Language

static graph Language for comparisons: ✓

Language for trends: X

dynamic graph Language for comparisons: ✓

Language for trends: ✓

Homework

Exercise 1. (Sample answer)

The line graph compares the monthly revenue that four different eateries generated over the

course of a year.

Overall, dramatic fluctuations could be seen in all four lines, and three restaurants, including

A, B and C witnessed a rise in their profits, while the opposite was true for the restaurant named

D. However, D remained the business that earned the most money throughout the majority of

the year.

Looking at the restaurants whose revenues increased towards the end of the year, we can see
that the starting figure for C was approximately 100,000 per month, far higher than that for B
and A at around half and one-third that income (about 50,000 and 33,000 respectively). The

following seven months seemed a period of prosperity for B, with its sales figure climbing to

100,000, becoming the second most successful one among the four, but it was not the case
for C whose earnings fluctuated between 20,000 and 40,000. The fourth quarter of the year

experienced a sharp jump in how much B and A earned on a monthly basis, with B eventually

amounting to around 190,000 in December, nearly four times higher than in January. Such a

high degree of growth was also seen in the final figure for A, as evident in the similar slope.

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As the year progressed, C made an increasing amount of money each month, despite a slight

fall in sales during the first half of the year, finally making it to 120,000 in December.

In contrast to the three aforementioned eateries with increasing revenues, D saw its income
fall dramatically with the passage of time, although it had been the top-earner at first. Starting

at 160,000 dollars earned each month, sales performance of this business went down the next

eight months before plummeting from 140,000 to 45,000 at the end of the year.

Exercise 2. (Sample answer)

The graph illustrates the Australian’s patterns of purchasing and drinking coffee and tea in five

different metropolises for the past four weeks.

Overall, it can be seen that most people in these five examined cities preferred going to the

café, except for those living in Adelaide. Additionally, fresh coffee was the least popular option

among the Australian tea and coffee drinkers.

Having investigated the data, we can see that there were relatively similar patterns in Sydney

and Melbourne with around 43% of city residents purchasing fresh coffee in the last four

weeks, marginally lower than the figure for instant coffee, which stood at 45% and 48%

respectively. Meanwhile, the option of visiting the coffee shop gained the most popularity,

which was favored by nearly three fifths of the population in both aforementioned cities.

Regarding the other three cities, it is evident that Brisbane and Adelaide witnessed almost the

same proportion of citizens shopping for fresh coffee, at about 34%. Besides, the percentages

of population choosing either taking away instance coffee or enjoying coffee at the cafe in

these two metropolises ranged from 50% to 55%, and the popularity gap between these two
options was insignificant. The difference, however, was noticeable for Hobart where the vast

majority of population, 63% to be exact, favored sipping their drink right at the coffee house,

a mere 7% higher than those buying instant coffee and a significant 25% than those shopping

for fresh coffee.

Exercise 3. (Sample answer)

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The bar chart provides information on how teenaged children living in a particular city, called

Chester, spent their time on entertainment and learning purposes during a five- year period,

starting from 2002.

Overall, of all activities shown on the graph, teenage boys and girls showed the highest level

of interest in watching TV, considering the number of hours spent on that, while engaging in

bowling games only occupied a small part of their time. Another feature worth mentioning is
that the figures for visiting pubs/ discos, watching TV programs and going shopping

experienced an upward trend throughout the period shown, while the opposite is true for

the remaining daily with an exception for DVD-watching, whose data saw dramatic

fluctuations.

Looking at the three forms of entertainment with increasing popularity, in 2002 we can see

that, Chester teenagers allocated around seven hours of their leisure time each week at

pubs/ discos and at shopping facilities, but triple that figure on following TV channels.

The following five years witnessed gradual increases, despite some years of stagnation, in the

length of time spent on clubbing or going on spending spree, with the final figures for the
former having reached a peak of nearly 18 hours and for the latter having peaked at 15

hours. However, such slight growth could not be seen concerning the changing pattern of

watching TV whose figure sharply rose to approximately 37 hours on a weekly basis.

With regard to remaining ways of spending time, in 2002, teenaged children in the
aforementioned city spared more or less 10 hours every week for completing school

assignments, participating in sports, and barely four hours going to bowling clubs. All these
interests experienced a downward trend in popularity over the rest of the period, before

hitting the lowest point of around six, two and one hour respectively in 2007. Lastly, the

period of time given to/ devoted to/ dedicated to watching DVD materials started at over
ten hours, and fluctuated between 11 and 17 hours.

Exercise 4. (Sample answer)

The table compares the percentages of people using different functions of their mobile

phones between 2006 and 2010.

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Throughout the period shown, the main reason why people used their mobile phones was to

make calls. However, there was a marked increase in the popularity of other mobile phone

features, particularly the Internet search feature.

In 2006, 100% of mobile phone owners used their phones to make calls, while the next most

popular functions were text messaging (73%) and taking photos (66%). By contrast, less than

20% of owners played games or music on their phones, and there were no figures for users
doing Internet searches or recording video.

Over the following 4 years, there was relatively little change in the figures for the top three

mobile phone features. However, the percentage of people using their phones to access the

Internet jumped to 41% in 2008 and then to 73% in 2010. There was also a significant rise in
the use of mobiles to play games and to record video, with figures reaching 41% and 35%

respectively in 2010.