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aftab robot

Uploaded by

Mohammed Aftab
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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ANJUMAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND

MANAGEMENT
(Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi and Recognized by
AICTE, New Delhi)

Bhatkal – 581320, Karnataka, India

SEMINAR REPORT

TOPIC: INDUSTRIAL ROBOT AND THEIR PARTS


GUIDE: PROF. SANTOSH BHOSLE

NAME: MOHAMMED AFTAB


USN: 2AB21ME005 SEMESTER: 7th
BRANCH: MECHANICAL ROLL NO: 04
SUBJECT: AUTOMATION AND ROBOTICS
Abstract

The advancement of robotics technology has led to a significant transformation


in industries worldwide. Industrial robots are automated systems designed to
perform tasks with exceptional precision, speed, and repeatability, enabling
industries to achieve high productivity and efficiency. These robots are
composed of various parts, each serving a unique function, including
manipulators, controllers, sensors, actuators, and end-effectors. This seminar
report delves into the anatomy of industrial robots, highlighting the functionality
of their parts and their significance in modern manufacturing. Additionally, the
report explores their applications, challenges, and solutions to provide a
comprehensive understanding of this pivotal technology.
Acknowledgment

I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to Professor Santosh Bhosle whose


guidance and support were instrumental in the successful completion of this
seminar. I am thankful to my institution, Anjuman Institute Of Technology And
Management for providing access to resources and a platform to present this
seminar. Lastly, I extend my appreciation to my friends for their encouragement
throughout this journey.
Table of Contents

1. Introduction

2. Objectives

3. Parts of Industrial Robots

➢ Manipulator

➢ Controller

➢ Sensors

➢ Actuators

➢ End-Effector

4. Applications of Industrial Robots

5. Working of Industrial Robot

6. Conclusion

7. References
1. Introduction

Robotics is an interdisciplinary field that integrates mechanical, electrical, and


computer engineering to develop machines capable of performing complex
tasks autonomously or semi-autonomously. Industrial robots, in particular, are
designed to automate repetitive and physically demanding tasks in
manufacturing environments. Their ability to work tirelessly, with high accuracy,
has made them indispensable in industries like automotive, electronics,
pharmaceuticals, and aerospace.

The evolution of industrial robots began in the mid-20th century, with the first
programmable robot, Unimate, introduced in 1961. Since then, advancements
in technology have led to the development of sophisticated robots capable of
performing intricate operations like micro-soldering, 3D printing, and
collaborative tasks alongside humans.
3. Parts of Industrial Robots

Industrial robots are complex machines composed of several essential parts.


Each part plays a critical role in enabling the robot to perform its tasks effectively.

3.1 Manipulator

The manipulator, often referred to as the robot’s arm, is designed to perform


movements similar to a human arm. It consists of:

Links: Rigid structures that connect the joints.

Joints: Provide the necessary degrees of freedom (DOF) for movement, such as
rotation or translation.

Manipulators vary in design, with some capable of six or more DOF, allowing
them to perform intricate tasks like welding or assembly.

Fig 3.1: Manipulator


3.2 End Effector

The end-effector is the robot's "hand" or tool that interacts directly with the
environment. Attached to the end of the robot arm, the end-effector is
responsible for carrying out the final action on the object, whether it's gripping,
welding, spraying, or other specialized functions. The design and function of the
end-effector are highly dependent on the task the robot is intended for, making
it a critical part of the robot’s overall functionality.

• Grippers: Common end-effectors for pick-and-place operations, ranging


from simple two-finger designs to advanced multi-finger or soft grippers.
They use mechanical, pneumatic, or hydraulic systems for material
handling, assembly, and packaging.
• Welding Tools: Specialized end-effectors like welding guns or torches are
used for tasks like metal joining or spot welding, particularly in automotive
and construction industries
• Suction Cups: Ideal for handling delicate or smooth-surfaced objects like
glass or thin metal sheets. They use vacuum suction to securely lift fragile
items.
3.3 Sensors

Sensors are the "eyes" and "ears" of the industrial robot. They enable the
robot to perceive its environment, providing crucial feedback for its decision-
making and control systems. Sensors allow the robot to detect objects,
measure distances, monitor its own movements, and ensure it operates
within safe limits. Without sensors, a robot would be unable to interact with
its surroundings and perform tasks autonomously.

Proximity Sensors: Detect nearby objects without contact, helping with


collision avoidance. Examples include capacitive, inductive, and ultrasonic
sensors.

Vision Systems: Use cameras or optical sensors for tasks like object
recognition, part identification, and quality inspection. They may include
2D/3D cameras, depth sensors, or laser scanners.

Force/Torque Sensors: Measure forces and torques during tasks like assembly
or material handling, ensuring precision and preventing damage. Torque
sensors are crucial for operations like screw tightening or welding.
3.4 Controller

The controller is the central unit that manages the robot's actions. It processes
inputs from the sensors, runs the control algorithms, and sends commands to
the drive system to control the robot’s movements. The controller essentially
acts as the brain of the robot, enabling it to follow a set of instructions or adapt
to changing conditions in real-time.

• Path Planning: Determines the optimal, collision-free path for the robot
to complete tasks smoothly.
• Programming Interface: Allows operators to input commands, set
parameters, and monitor the robot in real time.
• Safety Monitoring: Ensures safe operation by adhering to safety
parameters, avoiding hazards, and responding to emergency signal.

3.4 Power supply

A power supply in robotics plays a crucial role as it serves as the energy backbone
for the entire robotic system. Without a reliable power source, the various
components of a robot cannot function effectively. The power supply provides
the necessary energy to operate the critical elements of the robot, such as
motors, sensors, controllers, processors, and other auxiliary systems. It ensures
that the robot performs its tasks efficiently and consistently, whether in an
industrial setting, a domestic environment, or an outdoor application. Robots are
composed of several subsystems that require energy to function.

Types of power supply:

• Electric Power Supply


Electric power systems use electricity to power robots. They rely on
batteries or direct current (DC) or alternating current (AC) sources to
operate motors, sensors, and controllers. They are precise, efficient, and
suitable for lightweight and mobile robots.

• Hydraulic Power Supply

Hydraulic systems use pressurized fluid (like oil) to generate high force and
motion. They are ideal for heavy-duty robots requiring immense strength,
such as those used in construction or industrial tasks.

• Pneumatic Power Supply

Pneumatic systems use compressed air to power robotic components.


They are lightweight, fast, and commonly used in small-scale or repetitive
tasks like pick-and-place robots in factories.

4. Working of Industrial Robots

Industrial robots operate through a combination of hardware and software.


Their working process involves:

• Programming: The robot is programmed with specific tasks using


offline or online methods.
• Sensing: Sensors gather data about the environment.
• Processing: The controller processes the data and generates
commands.
• Actuation: Actuators execute the commands to perform the desired
movement or operation.
Applications of Industrial Robots
• Industrial robots are used in various industries for tasks such as:
• Automotive: Assembly, welding, and painting.
• Electronics: Handling delicate components, soldering, and inspection.
• Healthcare: Manufacturing medical devices and surgical equipment.
• Food Industry: Packaging, sorting, and quality control.
5. Conclusion

Industrial robots have become the backbone of modern manufacturing. Their


ability to enhance productivity, ensure precision, and reduce human
intervention in hazardous tasks underscores their importance. Understanding
their components and working mechanisms provides valuable insights into
their capabilities and potential. Despite challenges, ongoing advancements in
robotics technology are paving the way for a smarter, more automated
future.
6. References

• Groover, M. P. "Automation, Production Systems, and Computer-


Integrated Manufacturing."

• Robotics Industries Association. "Introduction to Industrial Robots."

• Online resources: RobotWorx

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