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m5 dsr

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sshambavi387
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DAYANANDA SAGAR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

(An Autonomous Institute Affiliated to VTU, Belagavi)


ShavigeMalleshwara Hills, Kumarswamy Layout, Bangalore-560111

Department of Robotics and Artificial Intelligence

DRIVE SYSTEMS FOR ROBOTICS (22RI34)

UNIT 5: Notes
ELECTRICAL DRIVES CHARACTERISTICS
AND PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC
CONTROLLERS (PLC)
III Semester, B.E.
DEPARTMENT OF ROBOTICS AND ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE

Faculty in charge:
Dr.Rakesh.M
Assistant Professor
D.S.C.E
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SCADA :
SCADA (supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) generally refers to industrial control system
(ICS): Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems are essential for monitoring and
controlling industrial processes and infrastructure in various sectors such as power generation, water
treatment, oil and gas, manufacturing, and transportation. They provide real-time data collection,
control, and analysis of equipment and processes, enabling operators to ensure that everything runs
efficiently and safely. SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) is a system that collects
data from various sensors at a factory, plant, or in other remote locations and sends this data to a
central computer that then manages and controls the data.

That is computer systems that monitor and control industrial, infrastructure, or facility-based
processes, as described below:
Industrial process includes those of manufacturing, production, power generation, fabrication and
refining, and may run in continuous, batch, repetitive, or discrete modes.
Infrastructure processes may be public or private, and include water treatment and distribution,
wastewater collection and treatment, oil and gas pipelines, electrical power transmission and
distribution, wind farms, Civil defense sirens systems, and large communication systems.
Facility processes occur both in public facilities and private ones, including buildings, airports,
ships, and space stations. They monitor and control HVAC access, and energy consumption.
For machine operation, production data monitoring, generating production reports, Trend
monitoring of certain process parameters like temperature, viscosity & Diagnostic system in Factory
automation machines.

Components of SCADA system


A SCADA system usually consists of the following subsystems:
A Human machine interface or HMI is the apparatus which presents process data to a human
operator and through this, the human operator monitors and controls the process.
A supervisory (computer) system, gathering (acquiring) data on the process and sending
commands (control) to the process.
Remote terminal Units (RTUs) connecting to sensors in the process, converting sensor signals to
digital data and sending digital data to the supervisory system.
(PLCs) used as field devices because they are more economical, versatile, flexible, and
configurable than special-purpose RTUs.
Communication infrastructure connecting the Supervisory system to the Remote terminal units
either on Ethernet or RS485 bus or some form of Network communication.
Master Station:
It is the heart of SCADA system. It has a dedicated computer in a central location. It monitors
and controls the RTUs. The master station consists of Engineering work stations, HMI (Human
Machine Interface) stations and large databases (for storing data). The master station performs
the following functions:
 Collects and processes information from the RTUs
 Stores collected data on a database
 Provides interface to the operators through HMIs.

Communication equipment:
 Communication is carried out between Master Station and Remote Terminal Units.
 The communication is bidirectional (both to and from).
 It can be wired or wireless. Wired communication can be through twisted pair cables or
fiber optic cables or telephone lines. Wireless communication can be using radio signals
or satellites.

Remote Terminal Unit (RTUs) :


 These are special units like PLCs which are placed at geographically distributed field
sites.
 They are connected with sensors for getting various information like voltage, current,
temperature or pressure.
 They are also connected with actuators like pumps, relays or valves
 RTUs collect information from the field and controls the field devices.
 Sometimes they store data in a local data base and waits for instruction from Master
Station to send data.
Features of SCADA:
 Data acquisition is done by the Master Station with the help of RTUs
 Display of information in the form of pictures or text is provided on several HMIs
 The SCADA executes supervisory form of control. Control of equipment which are at
remote locations is done from the master station
 Alarm Processing – There is facility to alert the operator by informing the place and
time of an event.
 Information storage and reports – Data is stored in a temporary data base for 40 days
or 12 months. Later it is shifted to a permanent storage device.

It has applications in the following areas:


 Mining industries
 Water distribution system
 Waste water treatment
 Oil and gas pipelines
 Electrical Power distribution In SCADA, data from various remote locations are
collected using sensors using RTUs (Remote Terminal Units) and displays the data on
HMIs (Human Machine Interfaces) at the Master Station. The data is also recorded on
the SCADA database.

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