27‐03‐2019

III. 5G NR General Description

5G NR
1. 5G NR Major Use Cases

Gigabytes in a Second

Immersive Experience: 3D Video, UHD Screens

Enhanced Mobile
Broadband (eMBB)
Work and Play in the Cloud
ITU
For Everything:
Massive Machine‐Type Mission Critical Application, e.g., e‐health
Communications (mMTC)
IMT‐2020
Instant Action: Smart City / Home / Building
Ultra‐reliable and low
Latency Communications Augmented Reality
(URLLC)

Self Driving Car

2019 27

III. 5G NR General Description

5G NR
2. 5G NR Timeline

Products, testing and verification,

then commercial Deployment

• In Non‐standalone mode is supported by the existing 4G infrastructure.

• ASN.1 (Abstract Syntax Notation One) is a standard way to describe data transmitted by telecommunications protocols.

2019 28

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III. 5G NR General Description

5G NR
2. 5G NR Timeline

2019 29

III. 5G NR General Description

5G NR
3. 5G NR Features

Carrier Frequencies Peak Data Rate

mmWaves 20 Gbps DL / 10 Gbps UL.

Flexible Frame Structure Latency

5 numerologies 10 ms

Massive MIMO
5G Connection Density

Large number of antennas

NR 1 M Devices / km2.

Beamforming Maximum Coverage Area

Directional signal transmission 400 km

UE Battery Life Mobility

15 Years 500 km/h with 0 ms Mobility Interruption Time

2019 30

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III. 5G NR General Description

5G NR
4. 5G Spectrums and Frequencies

RF Spectrum Ranges

VLF LF MF HF VHF UHF SHF EHF

Very Low Low VeryMedium

Low Freq. High Very High Ultra High Super
Very Freq. Extremely High
LowHigh
Frequency Frequency Frequency Frequency Frequency Frequency Frequency Frequency

3 kHz - 30 kHz 30 kHz-300 kHz 300 kHz - 3 MHz 3 MHz - 30 MHz 30 MHz - 300 MHz 300 MHz - 3GHz 3 GHz - 30 GHz 30 GHz-300 GHz
100 km – 10 km 10 km – 1 km 1 km – 100 m 100 m – 10 m 10 m – 1 m 1 m – 100 mm 100 mm-10 mm 10 mm – 1 mm

5G frequency ranges
Coverage Area C‐Band: Super Data
Below 2 GHz 2 ‐ 6 GHz Over 6 GHz

Maritime Radio/Navigation ‐ AM Radio ‐ Amateur Radio ‐ FM Radio ‐ UHF TV ‐ Satellite

‐ Aviation ‐ Weather ‐ VHF TV ‐ Mobile, 4G, WiFi, GPS ‐ Astronomy
Radio/Navigation Broadcast 31

2019

Outline
5G NR
I. General Concepts of Wireless Communication Systems
II. Evolution of Mobile Network Generations
III. General Description of 5G NR Standard
IV. 5G NR Physical Layer
V. 5G NR Synchronization Procedure
VI. Main Challenges in 5G NR Networks

32

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IV. 5G NR Physical Layer

5G NR
1. 5G Physical Channels and Signals

DL

DL Physical Channels: UL Physical Channels:

Physical DL Control Channel (PDCCH) Physical UL Control Channel (PUCCH)
Physical DL Shared Channel (PDSCH) BS Physical UL Shared Channel (PUSCH)
Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)
DL Physical Signals: UL Physical Signals:
Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) Sounding Reference Signal (SRS)
Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS) Phase‐Tracking Reference Signal (PTRS)
Channel State Inf.‐Reference Signal (CSI‐RS) Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS)
Phase‐Tracking Reference Signal (PTRS)
Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS)

UE UL

2019 33

IV. 5G NR Physical Layer

5G NR
2. 5G Frame Structure

_ 10
One Sub‐Frame (1 ms)

One Radio Frame (10 ms) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

FDD Frame: Both uplink and downlink have the same frame structure but use different spectra.

0 1 2 3 45 5 6 7 8 9

TDD Frame: Uplink and downlink use the same spectra but at different times.

2019 34

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IV. 5G NR Physical Layer

5G NR
2. 5G Frame Structure

_ 10

One Radio Frame (10 ms) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Resource
One Slot (1 ms /2 ) Block #2

2 15 kHz)
_ ,
2 . . . .
(RB2)
. . . . . .
One Sub‐Frame (1 ms) 1 2 . . . 2 . . . .

24 Resource
. . . .
.
.
.
.
. .
.
. .
.
Element

Fr: Sub‐Carriers (∆
14 for NCP || 12 for ECP (μ 2) 14 (RE)
13 Resource
min 31.25 s
One Slot (1 ms /2 ) 1 2 . . . 14||12 max 1 ms
12
. . . . Block #1
. . . . . .
. . . . (RB1)
2
min 2.08 us 1
One Symbol (1 ms / 2 14)) CP UD max 66.7 ms
1 2 14
min 0.15 us
max 4.7 us T: 14 OFDM Symbols
2019 35

IV. 5G NR Physical Layer

5G NR
3. Block Diagram of SISO‐OFDM Communication System

Time Domain Baseband Communication

Frequency Domain
Analog Digital Complex Symbols Complex Vector Binary Binary Sequence
Signal Signal 1+i, ‐1‐i, 1‐i, … Sequence 0011000101…
P‐ to‐ S

S‐ to‐ P

Add Subcarrier Channel Source Information

DAC
CP
IFFT Mapping Modulation Coding Coding Source

Pilots insertion

Base Station
A way of encoding data that adds patterns
of redundancy into the information in order
to lower the error rate

Channel Estimation
Baseband
Signal
Subcarrier
S‐ to‐ P

P‐ to‐ S

Rem Channel Source Received

ADC FFT Demapping/ Demod.
CP Decod. Decod. Information
Equalization
Mobile Station
Source : 3GPP TR 25892

2019 36

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IV. 5G NR Physical Layer

5G NR
4. Block Diagram of MIMO‐OFDM Communication System

i . Tr a n s m i t t e r ‐ 6*
0
‐ 6*
2^n

‐ 5* ‐ 5* 8
The idea of MIMO is to increase number of transmitting antenna X X 7
‐ 4* ‐ 4* 6
at the base station and mobile device (UE) to maximize the data 3 3 5
transfer by simultaneously sending and receiving. P P 4
‐2* ‐2* 3
1 1 2 2^n 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 2^n .

‐ 6* ‐5 *X ‐ 4* 3 P ‐2* 1
0 1
2^
2^n 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
6 5 4 3 2 1 ‐ 6* 5 ‐ 4* 3 ‐ 2* 1 n

Pilot Add

MIMO Coding

P/S
S/P

ZP
Insert IFFT DAC
CP
Information Source Channel
Coding Mod
Source Coding
Pilot Add

P/S
S/P

ZP
Insert IFFT DAC
CP
5* 6 3* 4 1* 2
Base Station 5* 6 P 3* 4 X 1* 2 2^n 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
0 2^n
5* 5*
6 6 8 2^n 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 2^n .
P P 7
3* 3* 6
4 4 5
X X 4
1* 1* 3
2 2 2
0 1

2019 37

IV. 5G NR Physical Layer

5G NR
4. Block Diagram of MIMO‐OFDM Communication System

ii. Receiver 2^n 0

‐ 6* ‐ 6*
8 ‐ 5* ‐ 5*
7 X X
6 ‐ 4* ‐ 4*
5 3 3
4 P P
3 ‐ 2* ‐ 2*
2^n 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 2^n . 2 1 1
1 0 ‐ 6* ‐5 *X ‐ 4* 3 P ‐ 2* 1
2^
2^n 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
n ‐ 6* 5 ‐ 4* 3 ‐2* 1 6 5 4 3 2 1

Rem. Chan.
R. Z
S/P

P/S

ADC FFT Est.

DeCoding

CP
MIMO

Channel Source Received

Dem. Decod. Decod. Information
Rem. Chan.
R. Z
S/P

P/S

ADC FFT Est.

CP Mobile Station
5* 6 3* 4 1* 2
2^n 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 5* 6 P 3* 4 X 1* 2
2^n 0
5* 5*
2^n 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 2^n . 8 6 6
7 P P
6 3* 3*
5 4 4
4 X X
3 1* 1*
2 2 2
1 0

2019 38

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IV. 5G NR Physical Layer

5G NR
5. Beamforming

• A signal processing technique that uses multiple antennas to control

the direction of a wave‐front and offer a directional signal transmission.
Regular Antenna: Smart Antenna (Beamforming):
Like a light Bulb: radiates energy in all Like a Torchlight: focuses the radio beam in the
directions. This results in wasted needed direction. This results in stronger signal
RF energy and interference and less wasted RF energy.

Improving the spectral efficiency by providing

a better signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR)

Increasing cellular capacity in terms of number of subscribers.

A complex task to locate each devices under

a particular cell (Mobile UE scenarios)

It needs high level processing and advanced DSP chip at

base stations (high cost compared to non‐beamforming system)

2019 39

Outline
5G NR
I. General Concepts of Wireless Communication Systems
II. Evolution of Mobile Network Generations
III. General Description of 5G NR Standard
IV. 5G NR Physical Layer
V. 5G NR Synchronization Procedure
VI. Main Challenges in 5G NR Networks

40

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 27‐03‐2019

V. 5G NR Synchronization Procedure
5G NR
1. Timing Offset

• The time offset is due to the transmission delay, where the transmitted signal reaches the receiver delayed in time

P‐ to‐ S

S‐ to‐ P
Add Subcarrier Channel Source Information
DAC
CP
IFFT Mapping Modulation Coding Coding Source

Pilots insertion
Tx Time
Base Station
Normalized Timing Offset:
The number of samples between
the transmission signal time and the reception signal time
Timing
Offset
Rx
Time
Channel Estimation

Subcarrier
S‐ to‐ P

P‐ to‐ S

Rem Channel Source Received

ADC FFT Demapping/ Demod.
CP Decod. Decod. Information
Equalization
Mobile Station
Source : 3GPP TR 25892

2019 41

V. 5G NR Synchronization Procedure
5G NR
2. Frequency Offset

• The Frequency Offset is mainly related to the accuracy of the used crystal oscillator.
P‐ to‐ S

S‐ to‐ P

Add Subcarrier Channel Source Information

DAC
CP
IFFT Mapping Modulation Coding Coding Source

Pilots insertion
Tx Time
• The frequency deviation is measured in parts per million (ppm)

1ppm 1x10 0.0001 % Base Station

∆
• In wireless communication, the used crystal oscillator error
is defined by a number of ppm ( )
Timing
Offset • in LTE, a 10 ppm crystal oscillator is used for the frequencies range of 3GHs
Rx and below. It means, that for a given LTE equipment that is using a carrier
Time frequency of 3 GHz, the real carrier frequency will be between
Channel Estimation (3 GHz‐30 KHz) and (3 GHz+30 KHz), which presents the accuracy of the used
crystal oscillator.

Subcarrier
S‐ to‐ P

P‐ to‐ S

Rem Channel Source Received

ADC FFT Demapping/ Demod.
CP Decod. Decod. Information
Equalization
Mobile Station
Source : 3GPP TR 25892

2019 42

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 27‐03‐2019

V. 5G NR Synchronization Procedure
5G NR
3. Main Steps of 5G NR Synchronization
DL
• Cell Identity (ID) Detection:
The initial process of identifying any available BS
BS by a UE that wants to communicate.

1) Cell Search • Cross‐Correlation: the signal is correlated

with the PSS stored pattern known to the receiver.
i) Estimation and Correction of
Frequency and Time Offsets
• Auto‐Correlation: the signal is correlated with
itself, e.g., the corresponding CP part.
ii) Detection of PSS
Frame Synchronization

iii) Detection of SSS and Cell ID Tx Time

2) System Information Detection

i) Reference Signals Detection

ii) PBCH Detection Timing

Offset
Rx
Time

UE

2019 43

Outline
5G NR
I. General Concepts of Wireless Communication Systems
II. Evolution of Mobile Network Generations
III. General Description of 5G NR Standard
IV. 5G NR Physical Layer
V. 5G NR Synchronization Procedure
VI. Main Challenges in 5G NR Networks

44

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VI. Main Challenges in 5G NR Networks

5G NR
1. 5G NR Use Cases

2019 45

VI. Main Challenges in 5G NR Networks

5G NR
2. Challenges

Frequency Bands Massive MIMO

Design complexity of mmWave hardware complex algorithms and device capability
The device has to support multi‐bands, at both base station and user equipment.
Which increases the device complexity.
Beamforming
complex algorithms and high
Huge Data Volume: level processing at base stations
High resolution video calling,
live streaming, downloading
virtual reality (VR) applications D2D Communication:
Complex data transmission
protocols required to implement
D2D communication.
Ultra Reliability Network
anytime anywhere communication Security and Privacy
Challenges Always are challenging tasks
Ultra low Latency Service:
Mission critical applications and self Synchronization Procedure
driving car Current commercial
crystal oscillator

2019 46

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 27‐03‐2019

Thank You
5G
New Radio (NR)
Dr. Aymen Omri
+ 974 70 340 781
[email protected]
www.researchgate.net/profile/A_Omri

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