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4 views

fault crossing can

Uploaded by

abdullah najjar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Guidelines for Seismic Design of Buried Pipelines

PROVISIONS COMMENTARY
Design fault displacement in vertical direction
of pipeline:

fvt design fvt Ip

6.2 – Continuous Pipeline


6.2.1 – C-6.2.1 –
The average pipe strain due to fault crossing The expression for average strain in pipeline is
can be calculated as: based on Newmark-Hall’s model (Figure C 6.2.1).
2
A factor of 2 in the formula in clause 6.2.1 is used
fax design 1 ftr design to counterbalance the unconservatism involved in
2 this model. However, this model should only be
2 La 2 2 La
used for initial approximation and the detailed
design should be based on suitable nonlinear
analysis.
Where
La = Unanchored pipe length (refer: clause-
6.2.2)

Figure C 6.2.1: Newmark-Hall model for fault


crossing (O’Rourke et al., 1999).

6.2.2– C-6.2.2 –
The unanchored length of pipeline in the zone The unanchored length of the pipeline is controlled
of fault crossing can be taken as the least of by both the pipeline system structures and also by
the following: connections such as services, hydrants and
tees/bends/crosses.
a) When there are no bends, tie-ins or any
type of constraints to the pipeline near the The effective unanchored length of pipeline may
fault zone, the effective unanchored length of be calculated considering that the axial restraint to
the pipeline may be taken as: the pipe is provided by soil-pipe friction. The
effective unanchored length of pipeline can be
Ei y Dt calculated as:
La
tu ( Ei Dt ) (E p ( ) Dt )
y y
La
tu tu
Where Where
tu = The ultimate friction force acting in axial
= Plastic strain in pipe
direction of the pipe
= The yield strain of the material E p = Modulus of pipe material after yielding
y

Ei = Modulus of pipe material before The second part of the above equation represents

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