J@ thet wa load Gow ye Wet tan be I © oad Une cee aq drasy en Meo Rae paplicat as ‘ nepreey ia aati pksaa Load . omodyots of ee i eX wey Fld Lee in CECIT Te Cae Ne , Ore wench § th load Gre with the characteristic Wit determine dhetipoint of operation) of Hee systeuy © @-port fh te BIT Wo Ce 2( %e x= Ope ce con figunabion prove Mook Ts BIg (+ p\Te, Shere ha symlesly Nae Then vaval mong i Nex Tia 1,+1) 4 4 + > T= «(3_ w IT D> DaKTg= «is Bw » T.U-%) = KIg7 To oa ane tt) T= pi, HOTT x (rest) © Anos cllectorfte ane bien cee} indiated hs Fipln sramichy with B=S0 is wed Supply voltage Me = OV, Vege? tlactor vemstor Roz2kR The bias is obtained by connects 1IOKR veristor Ry Grom tellcly Toba. Find Vee QeBoh a hachow . for A BIEL, Veo IOV 5 ye OT Rem 2E2) Rezo“, B=SO eh bo | waotater ve " a. + stovitity feeb = 1P V7 RR (esA. =B Ag = Sox yoxio® = 2B wh Nee = Veg + ARRe n FOF Gono? x 1orx 107 HOFWe a Say 4 3 Avi @ roils ee -t.)2 (5:3v,2:3 mA), stability factor = 26.76 I: DOQDrom) We hybrid povomebey Bipolar dunchion Vrowsivtor = jee a Dsbord nv forward wrens fim ) O 1 v, yeh, al 5) one vewerge voltage zo 7 ho= Ware Mel D % op impedance 2 AL /s,+0 3)© Avowing a est in CE eke, Lind the volte a inal pon lye Vmpedane. , output impedance Ce waodels fnory a) 2 be T+ het = LAL Ta = hp Ty the C142) ay yt hol, 2h py,Neely KvL iw ep Lop — Mo -Tus-hiVv, =O : 1 rN Hone wa te WIth . 7. © Yo impedamee (2) ie @ ele Yonpe dance ! Ngee 2 = TR NOT Yr agak vi ts Rimunsideh brewing muy gum Pt de tov, Vea =&V amd Vp = 6V. Dro te te sohtoge wiavefes ms Vy. Bidder Blow Dare Maal, eye eg cE \; = 7 .~ot pet waveform Pxplain The perio < a Sve clamper Chewy wy me | Wehp OF OW civeard Loy and i/p- SBE PSS Laptae Meb yey @ ve Rove form Me “ Mee ave bof opel, = it is short arated Copacitos with crarped _ Deri ede gpes to Hae ON vf ond thoy Non = Mon = NEO Me AW Bmw ot drow a a he | Wave > + 4 D@ Fr Re wud soplfier explain she effect of Ty pans capacitor on vel wan. an caper ae is connected” nV" mo By ee eee fe omptfiey, 4] wi \eredane. pth to ground few AL bs [Sear erin, tes ge 4dawen “VE Fad back, Wwe seu lov, votlege gam of by paws epee a y pa, oh id aa 4 removes nflorwe 4 (, os 14 2. F aan bing el pudice pded i Fig 2 toe fixed Slop end vaglack Vac - Veberara vey P lene tla e, lead bw ond dete a Y Vee Betesilty ‘ iby Ane = Ry 5 4 2 Vee \ee Fe 26 Pl a ne gxIo Und Vee ad @e z - TeKe Nee? Nee of at oe ® o- raw = fer vpn Bap) jaa tompemed aged ony chap ODereribe he wot divider bieteg crett Ava eeplodw Were ih val iw the Brcuncter SEE 2O VW voltage divider SFE, Setioer ertoblithes a Ande bore volte! (Va )ond it alae «olaty vey ngetetis| rte rawaby’s B value. vee Re] © te Bois get Re PrEVdD -ve feedback, 2d 4R Sf Te coment jnevetd, the vo Moye dup Acros Re is Pires Mereaes 7 fd Haas merhawiem iS abso dubilizes ea ck pods voriation ‘wn Pp oud Aewperaduns proper Srenk diagram, cplednn qperotiony $ ser ord yorlbh Pee ae see eae ahem ti art a py Fely apy Diode appean im genes Diele appears Im parallel sails “He aed (renin) antes toed: devatvods / toiter | verivders Brovitive so-nen Uippey @® powtive. porale\ Upper } | weet ogre YO orerab on § [7 Busing the ave half eyele of te) Spt, Died is mail wkd V4 iS hot creuited amd. oulpul tc | Vole beed Revo is | Vol omnes : Weversed blog, iF is sling “Oe yet =O, Ve rae Pen KA, So 2 Dung The ve Wulf evele the dogs ww me Tee ied, ond “Hae Yp a) “Ve trol - dyde| POS leroy, Hye bod nn. ad oat oo ; forwnned biowed | it fs od Heve tn +ve hale op | he Vp vyAd 6 Usppe ony 788 Ws a 4ve, @xrepetive sevien Uspper: OVW sapere 4 v, ae \ Diy wove form Om welaforrn | y ob, RR] soperntion + © vperohion’ Cig ta ve bel ule 4 je OPE ave bel yah Signrd the diode ism Prloord Sigae io vevevsed = knee ated Hm, Sotsie acts Oy an BN | Sie yp aiynad appears Acros teres = Vp, _/ Lt bead yevtor-a During HE VE DE eo ao Hae nve tol he yp Speeds iets He athe yollelymnd , diode i, Neversed “ble, sot TS Boke Coan og Mae eld ill Uve a an OFF switch: peek chen elec No O betes eeva, v ‘ thy ® tere He nepokve Walp 2. Vane =O+ ‘ele ef -the Vp 8 CLipped soar & wt a -ve gevies cbpper. je) Ta Bee ceive fwdicoted iw Bye 4, Bipalar Turd, Fpawwelor (BOT) te bland wry. 0 voltnge divider omfg Te Kt pavorsters oF@) Vex [2V, BR, =SoKy Ve Rp HW KR, Rez WAKER, Re =\k2, Ba100 k, Re Vee X OF Vv a . Cann ae i" wad Te © Daternine’ the Qe pht Ray? SOKWPRIPXID? = Bi32 KR - enutinlaieren'p dxe* aoe Yeu = 8%) 22 2. AP er Von = Panter Vac 1, Re Ve, = Ran Tet Vgc? UB) tg Re @ ® Tye Vin Ven Re TReAPRe Ie* Ttdg f 2atO ey =), 533x107 + [KO aor 97 sete Fs 105-3x ios) > WO2MA i ot C7 Bap = 10> x 11-93 5068 2 1192 mae '@l.> 7, 1 Tg = 15204 wh * Me = TRet Veg te Re = 125 1 Be. D Met Veer Tee TePe Vani 2-248 —rePr yf. ~eurV OQ cewr = (B17, tye) ee -Prao 0 biog er fig unserer wor deve weedy | qeetion | fector: @ckr biog Vee io (Me +I, Fe? Ve ae Pe Ver Take +\ oD 2 Me? Gone 49, tah T, 2 Mea Voe7 Te Re As ot Ry — Te = pf Ye Vee * Re 4 (ae) G48) I. Def ta pe 74 = A oe os nea” C) partol diffevebiad 7 ata. Ed ett tae yOr(4 ‘Cara i] Kida We es poroomekeryi pga Reo 2207 PaIs0) le Meer RY Rea 7 KR for Hee Wore, EOF Chabal eletly 1 Sz OT 8 OTe Ty, RRLAQ) Derive 2apreniny for en ae he voltae Uvider biowwy ken(igunation , an a “id ‘ ee ie te it om ideal ene. Rewal! om the neceuiby — hw. Byro cape toy - porermuten equnvehest etp se ot ! Re oy i & etd 7 ° B Ay songs re = beat Whee) by Qn ic te — Ve Ya pedamce = ce = RIB Whig ® wecemnity of Bypows bopaci ter @ Withat He Bypow (opadtor eRe wall be with Ho net vgral source + Tw world aipvafi me Vp impedance emd cooly ¥ velloge. in of Are omiplife ey @ WHA Me Bip Corpo Fer oh shorls He Re fo geod od signed frequent Fin Aheckivdy emmy Re tom Men Ve kt ‘patmcectek. tha YP Ym pedance ond vol my ah BIT CE ommpifier Wer Hae ony be pati SY rh ee Cy el Load sertonte &, LEIS Sounte lent y Ry Sov, We = 10 KI Dertaulate” Har Snpol impalavee 2, of the ovelibie O eg OE of Pow Sie Q Bagi: 2AIO RL EER SYS-4s BN. Met = 27x3xey¥ ® velbye gr? soled) | en ee = \VdS = hypepare omen tia) DO why & de stobuty se Q deareegsh Derive We stalality factor for % Vins odd, fe ee en ot BOT crmne Uvewr Ft e di prevent distorhin ES He jp i 8 Ou proveat eer no rrenowiny which wm daw, a The et ae We pede : i 11) Vo mio cowistunbh Or rw WON CE cf Gy wetein wilt proses pply voltone, a component volt . D regent quention of, Ta HI tae Fred bey erech an Arown in Fig: Be Ver sy, Rye BER, BIO Vas OF, Napteed Te Ty! Deteeire @ Bure ura Te MWe ywoucer pemt OD Mee = Ty ® a> Vow (| > Tae Me= Mee vi ave Fe ab \ ' Mt Cou "ey Fa © =e SE OF | | ® Re Boo xm NT. 4d-8% pA y) -. Ae =Pon = lem OF a ee = GGT ae Hh Mee = Mem FeRe @ paw il 2 Ww- 4 FEES m Da, a [ae = S466 V 10)@ veiw Wogh= fx ey vrodel_ 4 2 a ~ de BJT smodiged Ta a capacitorsNONE on LaZ ISMN, oh m equency (Ngo Vet ye ee tay 6) Ne “Tenet x donndh Jadelere [p> pH ae ancitor ¢ urape, (laws ae = ws ae duc ye seep falbork veqweey nose end Aisher Hon, anne (eedhack provides Ligh . ) ve fesdhack inexcemes Lama ts tw mainlete Dake gon te proiys! edeces Mae wre ye omd ofp TP . Atabilized gain gecilodion Preyrerey Hore, M20 2 yy FV 20 Nite 16 * (iowd* zx) -Lie on | ——b,;——- 10D KIO x 25x10. m~ 2:18 MH 1) Dedve Pe BorKhawen cvitenin of ascillation Had us be Aodisfied by feedback amplifier to produce. steady Mate oxioltes. her / ee ~ TAB + Ban Aa (ter —nepeive featbuct\ ee aEee aes Flu RIT) Ww Dae ) Re R dye oscillator 4% (Pir Pe d osulledy, 1B) A wien Bri t c,2l F) trhentored fhe bron = 27 ~ , \ dos f-REC 1 S eale 3x 40 > 2m xX 10o*10 *' = IS9-1S Ho © Explain noo Hh amg om tevin of Bow Khawtyy « ¢ se Aadisfied ie Hee Phone eft dscllaby wits the balp ° ach RO toge Jndro duces Ao ple waft f eat | ‘tote pha Mah aie ico’ due do RU veges. | Aaartenally » Hoe achive dette Tw the ay inde i drat di , i | eka diem) ay |) ay ane | om additpret 1¢0 prae Wf. ds tambined p* waft f 360°) och sabisl ey Woe ool evi deri? 4 qe Rarkhauen CGiterton, ll2)@)Drow gh KY Logan Plow Warf Occlobor, Fy, axprem om fre 8 prequeny os Uatim and fhe Gnd, qurteawad osciocktiony , 5 Re Dore Page Vv. aor ot for) Ae ah ee tor Koop - | tte 1,-1,)+0 Loop = > Upe)t -th=% 0 He ey RF fp tee ea, - (8 ~ ae ~ RE) — RCA 1) +0 % a she sea RI, =0@) Vp odak vag IRqh \ fe ¥2U)? from Gk Me 9 tee en for 4 “@ wr Laeraeyy, te4s © iG Tok fs Me . a) wx (45 (ae) i LINE Se e R (qact2P) 7) es 2R) XV a" O from on [Lyne (be ined) =e sata \t PeeGe Vs ereleet -e) (be2®) a - Vv t Ve “a eat de) ” ed, a c i oh GRD RK ! 2 Sie igep R? Vet 3 Me = tends ase segs | RF (jw) B > ~E 7 R3CGjwo)> ° Bipe)?r S(RSeg sRIEOT AB 2\ . Rive? Tareas seer XE | | > a(ejwe)? ye a es + Sjut) «A R(6 (80S 1 js LV : a a we 8{ = Reo = — OY Jug 2 OD | Rites cat BR WORE -e+ gorctR? Rg i 3 R= SwLRR 22 = 9 Cevaty)st 2 Sears % (> Se \achte'= 5 2 wraye™ « y, Of) ap a Pyrbes VER 2 \r EE sp “foe ) Y s £-Rpe Ry ano RO DA pron ASHE ocettldere vaca : wna of B 1 Produce a Wwaveberrnn P ere COpecitian fb, O Frey fon {etm a FEY ANNE» Box IDF S XI QTE P16 24 yen ©) deav 5 JO derve te Boren erpodion for a LO excitatory Oo 2% F271 (% +(2, ") eh A TS Te (ambi) | D_\ i hie 2, ReMe Vo ai Z, 9837 (% md Baer pie % 2 aye | (enepak ran +,» Ue * ae te” Gwe) > Mpa 2 = BBP helen zrze D BDV hge) thie (#1 BAZ) BLO pitisccclUater ts drigved wit ¢ = Oodle DP ee PE. The Wduchame te AMO Dobe te Oe fh. mhuclnnce vale WP tha freqmarcy ct geall eben «Ory on perwen 550 KH2 to r0K0 kt’ ve / ODDIE, (p= 0-01 ME »pk, OSO Et, o-oo] sa" \ f le L = deo tel ER VL GC tg n(os0% ) sx Co)(0)| 5 pene! = \UO pl nf Se oA 2os0 KM, 2 | yb olor iw ynx (20s0 10°) Vpo x06) cs £0 pH rope Bo Imduebomce val (ive exo KH to Wy fom) NB) Write der wales om the Panel Beiter ® red toupling capacitors, wiring alind parasit wottoniey in Udting Ives ese / Beets: me ans y eopem 8 avfitie OD Cry Ao Bei ator } . iva Hon) Am electronic asdllator ted wes the mechanic connate of « Vilerawe oy to ereode a bagbly okalla ree + . © porknty prope? Quarts ery kel exlabit Pieoclochie proper dy convent mechanical Vibrations inte elect tool gaes OM Wace Naroa The, cry ited vabralbes ak Hts robes Prequenty when suljected to oh AL voltage spyhd viktens} Used In clocks, wodlehes, mero cowbrellers, Tacos ed wmmbsnicokion sy sles fer predse Hr amd ferrerty eombeo! . 7? 6 tavantoyert © Hig akobrlity @) wo plore noise © were fraquenty gpracrabten tempered +0 Le osciltalers c rere vivge ond arate, (2) bat page oe” aecthing trey. © ormiellse th ae ote : aeeedmpee, peas hee ee sss igs ener der,GD Reduce He Vp Pe ‘ D Prplitres the effective copacitance 8% thy A rowni tor dus to feedback, wow Fr eontly wedi, the high frequency vespong . i Yad Lauglt, DPavacthe Capauvance \ : . pe Et Lance , Bwating the baw ¢ CANS Propex oA layout tlnimizd => 4 |] omd wiry compensation Aechniquey io dnatipate poral ekbeurs, OyPertyn o Proc— Watt Pedidos f ID KSe, Pameame ee ; peo fr, Ahow the calealettny, 7 “P wal ; \ f° ROE Ros t IK LG x (OxX\0? : , = Fe ss a Belo ph, Re ee it = b'S YS R= gma 4h Ger bed 2 ERO XD \SYO) ese With Lap, = 3°20 pe ‘ Pe mw KH dia Oeallnbye We HE cred pote “tha woorkig of odacloner ava capachionte ty In wists ahaectets : _ alder el 7 oO wed Fiat 2 Ls ust ade Nocdieclwge, tuvetocey th Lis aly, a derrem®s, which couve AE elk Ctle te idector ays V) ew}. . as leacle,4,2, U4 bp) bre (2rt 2 P43) FER FO . NN Wvoitea sia) frst pet. 1h fSBl;@ jm 5 eh 4 JAM) (JH1, 15M pe e(OML, + jo my yet jeM? fe) 4 (is, ish). o6 jb %) =O m) (4 rey lie brea (2) eee pol, 920 ———2_| Peal bn os / "g 2 a reverb) abe | tna ane he 2 yA AM wt ' 2th 2) OS arm 7 flay ets Use \a he (ers \ [ 2R (t1le 24) chy 2 OM a, i. Hewtley Osdlater ures -hon yhdachrs veluay 2: ord 2 mb) w Wau Jane ele} chy with a ole ete Codentele He frog of 05 cio lian fges ve fhe fw a \ Ga Le re Prdhedounce Ae RES Tx TGAL) a 2 Gal, 2) : \ L, 52 ft - hs 2% ery Sx o> 2°3 mH ~ 205°08 KHe TOYA) YO Hae lp of co eh diegrann ACO Celpets Oadliater Derive tha & a osdlahion in erm of- dre Col pidts oseillador ob 1 XH He worki 5 Wrevion doy AW 4, ¢ inductance ound copetbanee Ne boom cee Deer ctapeonns ne ® BE Ce FEM, & 1 BS RAT, Loayn—t18 OOH ENS, Wor Lic i By whan a 1b dow “ ee Snductor (2) owed 2 capa crtoes wmatial_ ond . 2 tien power is applied emall noise | etlages are pranent om Hee de, Annhifieadions a 2 ett: awplifiew remplifies Hho, itiok vy en x ys. Ped back 4o We Yp Arr he LO tome cle} ras capacitive woage divider 4) Resonance the Lo tent) vexoredey at SKS vedo ile ov tts Freqventen ont slang tha Sor Sebi foequency, s)iusteivad Osatlotion + OsModion s a Fy dong as dee Loop goin (AQ) is oe Ne osc Ved WIUL contre . ( we Knew govaral 4M, %, UF bee) Vie (IBIS) FZ, = D Sint, Cas Mee) the ee, “ego ok | >to rrr Q Arerien} rom unis / - wl G or ca zo Lh fi nek pare ae FIX we Ug kK ft : we G eC We we, 1D) 20 | @ | > thar We Steet ae G 1 x Pointe, J Tgye | 9 oma Lara) | GK Ke Wg eas Dir _ yhyee > [eee“Ilaxers bares Om NIA Clamday oscillators © oY rey © fear dort we Dore fe ae teeth a bh Oo ober couple, - nkoss | sau soida) bo 2 . 8 ee onde valle und Cll es gromce Me ©) ab ostilakor [Hoey ON peclokor) —— ., ceillah RC reer bilye\cuitlalor avdphane ape wh a btn VEAUIN I PUTER ©) +. tenly wed ™ npficakio” "0 prey sort OUT OY) toowey prc o> RE foci © Wore Crvacortah Oral ; (reverote wee wy abner Prom sive woves suel, ® sqerre wares, rl waves om) enortorth waves, Sat Relorotion oscllakos, fig, mablivibratere , A) Veed in voriow Leonie UKe Helg crents Op rion ote art deat bal rents? : € 0 yf ; CO Frew t26latin no (reyes Padi preg eon ak Ossie “Oakes? | SENS © Low - frequen ostillodors + ' ) operote im let Pr — Baan a Geer Re wscMakra, dayton a | ae 160 Me), © Used in application Ue audio Ki omd conha| @) Rodio fy werneyt) Oe Wad ovs\ @) Opexote in ul RE ang @ 3kHe de 200 ~ dt. © ER LO exclaters, cw £ osthUabodd =) ® Used weredio +rmmmittors and ve ce! iy 4 J ivens, nada Syke cmd wireleyy Communivertion Aericen, ay ‘ a. sysforequenrclts 30¢ my ay, Kly eo & wt ater en? todey, [MPATT do tet fun dl ® ty Vecd iw akty 0 WAVE, evew, yadar Syaten ~ eqtellite ep en cAH OO + 4 avd catelliTe RID Sketch By he Page a a Wien Pb abr, Calewlate The fren of Hrroselle, canditten fe pautnincd geeiloiot * ee ATT ae oo ay c wv N ae + - va i | / Ray b Lo tre eee 4 % “ val Bx hee, (es) Po fog dhe ae 78 fab pr AP A ole be Godby ae cond™ for egal cation , JRC.{9 2 3B 2 ee “ae Se 2 oR =p XN i i (a . Re. F by 2 2k, BR wien bridge ascl van oscillods, Yee ond a7 Latpe.citomn te 4 loop 4 a f Fo Find Un value a rremvbounle . i ae | fe 2Phe > wee ) 2nxX UXO? {oo ¥ 10 ecb geht) = S59 Ms WO tlk ove ta cdvantoyes of. difPerentiol oupthe ee et of Swal Ve balanced or &ffortrod Er ereewriog — oO Siferectick crmnplif ers “trot wom “comcel ood Govan — vere woise (power supply noise ence oma ), Bechromag netic Merle ound Ushrbonce_ 0 i Difterentral omplifion lawe a, reduced Werner ihovtion due to even -ovders ein Coneation , GQ dt avg Greor In vetune, TH howe ay ‘inion acamary amd Lao vo age, whidn lows Por orige Sire oumalfsenbn © St ts ruler fiom a soide. vee optthiatn ieln divas aulio eq ipmrerd, imdurh my wd ¢ Condy crvmuntcokion ystems ot ty okey @ aw tera , fe.| a. Tufivale Vrowclusidd lh @ yewo | NO Derign He ean ey), tl | Ms ih of sttoge Me = (V PO NR). yaw th Yp volte “ye Taf Ay 7 ln) aa Te ey loNs Fe paw] AY, vai we Mek | oe Mant spate Bloril Nout Wha yt |. V}E Yves Hae black Sey sensi 4 ok, OPeAM p ty deffevered bwillivy thu tre. ebuvroatend fie eet Y Bed, List dhe dawenaton s Q Blo __vcoprenvencloding f of AEP ot vine Derk Ye] Yeisen (alba is Using eoelaad a Lieut] foamed + sat fre Bowne ricpe. jvlereete, bo e 7 a weal Bair oft ® Chovectertotres of om idol pe nnegy o efile on™. ) mivisle Ve jsmpedance. 1 Fopedaitis @) Power elisha iS gerd! i ©) Crplain itl heat etd eprom bers CA An ohtniy owl leqocrbnn fa ‘rel, a ‘op yordobinn ie tp Vomperabons, ie CHM dioyrent wahoo kre “1 AL, Piva is) ie md, P+ eS Net dipole ‘Fodoe Li mest hownco. 0 0 Vout i Voop )0 is pie~~ 71 | - Bor Ve. Wests bor is Mtegrated inte 4 Tae Ose srertstom cl predtctalday with hemp | © UtGawe matted tomas on minnie Hy teepach of temp « vation) | @ ter ee Ay OS osre_wred to provide. 20K Dxplon The baat! vperotiom sf om fll wove prech eet per « Fak wowe preciation recht fier Gragk ace. ah gunk oF ta Te ‘werd ei dbo He tt Wea holb, amd detiereg both te -Vve oy He Ve \edver oct— Ho op: Mew bed enna new \wveretey vu eh me He ec” + fee ave Wwakf ye, Bis forward fay ond Ws ON and De Ss veversed Loy ond ths DFE. prot Sogrmn, a fi Vm Vom J wRaw vole wy! aoe Eats R hi R&R : Yor \m y 6 RK V. 2 Wie “ae note “LIEV on fer ON Woh sf D is DEF ond does sew UKE deems is RK em RKA) The hy shown Ww Fy, 6, Rye won, By = So PM, Y Sone , amd the comp ts yee TMC with, aanpply voltages Debevnrine Hye lite ood dower Hanssbwld vo Mages ome Aron he ol p wowe om i _ efits \so races PERRI? Yeats fe 2 Nya? ayy Va = B Vea 2 Lyx 1 FB HIP = OOS Vie =P Vea “UY | FEXIO” =-0-026 Vay Yet Vout “IS Vin DN With mppreprinte CK dag rain derive. the jp 2epmenien NO OT trLition empl, ayn i advallogey ever an ordinary Sifference omelilirer, DeKt Baferns ne44, Vo ane, V, > nor Kin lost voltages are wr N= athe, 4 (+) Swilarly or Vy : Mo (teat at tS Vo 2 ee (w- vy) ove ati volt toh Me! ann we a Cre) V+ ()* he (er) + an? -yy) 4 28 (wy) 1 2 Se e/[ 2) (“ m)] oI ravnctope 4 weil Ve Wwrpedance , voldkh waniwtes —_ om the geek source, emmy cS aed a) ae very Wig CMPER, wolaiel wna Hf gies my Doe meee ~ present on a6 is cory ad] uated by oe 3 re: ven et via Tee Lod ofp impedance whidh hos ave vane asl wikhoul ciapeificout vi Oe plenwokion «wD) Phe Pro ensy COM Vy eect en OA \ oon Wane. weed § an solved uring drecinm awechifier | exflety oi prop, eK ownle + Drrallems agit omvenbiened FAll- wonte.ceck¥ fens 4) Voltage Drop! Diodes im cmventional vehi fiery roy Porta voltone deep LOY $1 Diods), This voltage. drop reduces Har pen Vpuys eopeaaly FY avmoth 7p ep nnb « 2) Nen- Beaoity 1 The diods non- binenr charactershe {pbroteey dstehion ta Mae veekified sevefrrmes pecially ak tow Vi preddim Bedafion + Cl") DA pedi velar utilizes am oj roe i > overcome 4 Gwtedions By incowporotivy the. Biode within nas fesdlbacle hoop, Ve Vilone Vdeop nero He diode & 7 elfectivey “tamceled Sut, ¢o th com rectify even ow aa Input voltages ac . Precivim vechfien alie provide Qveor behovicw any Joo distorHon, Wwativa Hom ideal fr Wigh precintor opplicakiy Sach om audio ov RE proce “ 2)Q) Drow We ULE chiegroinn tert Bola ae piven Boe eh te mph © wet dio preowe Yee am od —= QOeperotion i ‘is le ober Tmpuh vo thage is peshva’s \, fou | ten, now Wwverhng Jernina Veo wettoge & high, oo output A ere crmtiy dctechor te ach! MAGE IS become tye \y plod debech Hw precise wowenl then. Input “Need. Bhan om Vp wnat waveform Oy “PAE ve x Hee Lvoves He! neta voltage. level, venting ternal Col SY Ubi bees om op-ommp configu 1 Vigh co ouch pu setoge & 2 8 conver eC ~Venk— wt - And od zevohWal, voltage ope vy POR, Min ° a LE 4 i chroamafon V, Geren ¢ J Lywngitret oy nen ats of a kame differen}iah err UTM ONd derive expys . : umaind oud cubput voltane Breeds fore the tu To obtoin Ne Operadingy (pod (Tee ond Veg) Por differen ovnplifaer de equivalem| drei is drawn by veda tbsp voltages vj amd % to 2ev 9 Alou In tr Lo grr s 7 "Aas Vee T21,Re + Vee fo Tye Vee ~ Vee 2eet “3 Vee = OFV for Si amd O2 fm he voll et e< 2Re . Vee, ce Te Ape Re Vee Mer Teka | ama, Me = 2%,— 23 B)E) Tepe a ae thal tour perform @ tuloabmaching 6 dihemtekon and derive Ww Ye -qe volodionbary . © subsdyadtos Jpop OA be wed to dexgn a ckh whose ofp is proprtiongl to ov equa ¥ wo difference how lp Kanak, gud, a dE [aud a subtvoctor eh. 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