LNPEX o CERTIFICATE o ACKNOWLEDGEMENT oAIM OF PROJECT o INTRODUCTION o THEORY oO APPLICATIONS OF EMI o OBSERVATION o CONCLUSION o PRECAUTIONS o BIBLIOGRAPHY © scanned with OKEN ScannerThis is to certify that, a student of class has successfully completed the research on the topic “Study of phenomenon of Electromagnetic Induction”, under the guidance of (Subject Teacher) during the year 2019-20 in partial fulfillment of Physics practical examination of Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE). Principal. Subject Teacher. © scanned with OKEN ScannerACKNO GEMENT. 1 warmly acknowledge the continuous encouragement and timely suggestions offered by our dear Principal . I extend my hearty thanks for giving me the opportunity to make use of the facilities available in the campus to carry out the project successfully, Tam highly indebted to for the constant supervision, providing necessary information and supporting in completing the project. I would like to express my gratitude towards them for their kind cooperation and encouragement. Finally, I extend my gratefulness to one and all who are directly or indirectly involved in the successful completion of this project work. Lam making this project not only for marks but to also increase my knowledge. © scanned with OKEN ScannerAIM To study the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction © scanne -d with OKEN Scanner©? INTRODUCTION Electro Magnet: An electromagnet is a type of magnet in which the magnetic field is produced by clectric current, The magnetic field disappears when the current is curned off. nduction This process of generating current in a conductor by placing the conductor in a changing magnetic field is called indtsction. Elec aquetic Induction; Electromagnetic induction is the production of a potential difference (voltage) across a conductor when it is exposed to a varying magnetic field. Electromagnetic induction is when an electromagnetic field causes molecule in another object to flow, Induction can produce electricity (in coils), heat (in ferrous metals), or waves (ina radio transmitter). Finally, it is refers co the phenomenon where an emf is induced when the magnetic flux linking a conductor change. Waenetic Flux is defined as the product of the magnetic flux density and the area normal to the field through which the field is passing. It is a scalar quantity and its S.1. unit is the weber (Wb). =BA © scanned with OKEN ScannerPrinciple: - Electromagnetic induction (or sometimes just induction) is a process where a conductor placed in a changing magnetic field (or a conductor moving through a stationary magnetic field) causes the production of a voltage across the conductor. This process of electroinagnetic induction, in turn, causes an electrical current -- it is said to induce the current. © scanned with OKEN ScannerTHEORY Michael Faraday is generally credited with the discovery of induction in 1831 though it may have been anticipated by the work of Francesco Zantedeschi in 1829, Around 1830 to 1832, Joseph Henry made a similar discovery, but did not publish his findings until Laver, emf: = If magnetic flux through a coil is altered then an E.mf. will be generated in the coil. This effect was first observed and explained by Ampere and Faraday between 1825 and 1831. Faraday discovered that an ean.f. could be generated either by, (@ moving the coil or the source of flux relative to each other or by () changing the magnitude of the source of magnetic flux in some way. Note that the emf. is only produced while the flux is changing. Lenz's Law: When an emf is generated by a change in magnetic flux according to Faraday's Law, the polarity of the induced emf is such that it produces a current whose magnetic field opposes the change which produces it. The induced magnetic field inside any loop of wire always acts to keep the magnetic flux in the loop constant. In the examples below, if the B field is increasing, the induced field acts in opposition to it. © scanned with OKEN ScannerApplications of electromagnetic Tnduction - le ‘The EMF generated by Faraday's law of induction due to relative movement of'a circuit and a magnetic field is the phenomenon underlying electrical generators, When a permanent magnet is moved relative to a conductor, or vice versa, an electromotive force is created. If the wire is connected through an electrical load, current will flow, and thus electrical energy is generated, converting the mechanical energy of motion to electrical energy Electrical transformer: - ‘The EMF predicted by Faraday's law is also responsible for clectrical transformers, When the electric curtent in a loop of wite changes, the changing current creates a changing magnetic field. A second wire in reach of this magnetic field will experience this change im magnetic field as a change in its coupled magnetic Aux, dx / ds. Therefore, an electromotive force is sct up in the second loop ealled the induced EME or transformer EME. IF the two ends of this loop are connected through an electrical load, current will flow. Transtormar © scanned with OKEN ScannerFaraday's Experiment: - ¥ One of the scientists Faraday performed series of experiments and based on the results he gave law on induction. Y He introduced the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction, ¥ Induction means to induce or to generate something. ¥ Electromagnetic Induction means production of electric current due to magnetic field. Y Magnetic field is capable of producing current in a conductor © Faraday took a coil and attached a galvanometer to it. ¥ As there is no battery attached therefore there is no source of current. Y He brought the magnet near the coil. ¥ When the magnet is moved towards the coil galvanometer showed deflection, ¥ Galvanometer even showed the deflection in the opposite direction when the magnet is taken away from the coil. ¥ When magnet was not moved there was no deflection in the galvanometer. ¥ This show current is related to magnet. Y Faster the magnet is moved the more is the deflection in the galvanometer. This showed more and more current flows if the magnet is moved very fast. ¥ Same effect was observed if the coil is moved and the magnet was not moved, © scanned with OKEN ScannerMaterials Required: - Magnetic bar, a galvanometer, coil and connecting wires. Procedure; - L. Take a coil of wire having a large number of turns. 2. Connect the end of the coil to a galvanometer. 3. Take a strong bar magnet and move its north pole into the coil and observe the changes in the galvanometer needle. 4. Repeat earlier step with the south pole of the bar magnet. 5. Now repeat the procedure with the coil having a different number of turns and the variation in the deflection of the galvanometer needle, Observations: - 1, When we move the magnet in or out of the coil, the needle of galvanometer gets deflected in different directions. 2, When we insert the north pole (N) of bar magnet into the coil, the deflection is cowards right, 3. When we insert the south pole (S) of bar magnet into the coil, the deflection is towards left. 4. When we move the bar magnet in or out of the coil with varying speed, the speed of deflection changes accordingly. © scanned with OKEN Scanner5, As we increase the number of turns in the coil, the deflection incre: es. 6, Relative motion between magnet and coil induced electric current in the coil, © scanned with OKEN Scanner© scanned with OKEN Scanner‘Wooden Cylinder Sun ‘Wooden SHieoe © scanned with OKEN Scanner‘The deflection of galvanometer needle indicates the presence of current in the coil. 2. The direction of deflection gives the direction of flow of current, 3. The speed of deflection gives the rate at which the current is induced. 4. The deflection in galvanometer changes with the change in number of turns in the coil - more the number of turns in the coil greater is the deflection. CONCLUSION From this experiment, Faraday concluded that whenever there is relative motion between a conductor and a magnetic field, the flux linkage with a coil changes and this change in flux induces a voltage across a coil. © scanned with OKEN Scanner@BIBLOGRAPHY ® Physies Neert book for class XII t ® Wikipedia.com Be ® Google Search Engine © Seminarsonly.com © scanned with OKEN Scanner