Unit -4

Physical Education
 Unit - 4
Physical Education & Sports for
CWSN..!!
 Unit Contents

4.1 Organizations promoting Disability Sports (

1. Special Olympics;
2. Paralympics;
3. Deaflympics)

4.2 Advantages of Physical Activities for children with

special needs.

4.3 Strategies to make Physical Activities assessable for

children with special needs.
Concept of Disability &
Disorder

Concept of Disability :

Disability is understood as a
condition that produces a
long-term impairment that
affects activities of daily
living, such as eating,
walking, and maintaining
personal hygiene.
It affects the everyday
activities of the individual to
a considerable amount. It
may be present in an
individual from birth or
occur during one’s lifetime.

Disability has different

meanings in different
societies of the world.
Disability is an injury that
restricts the functions or
movements of an individual.
All persons with all types of
disabilities must enjoy all
human rights and
fundamental freedoms.

To give the effect to the

United Nations Convention
on the Rights of Persons
with Disabilities an act
names the Rights of
Persons with Disabilities Act
2016 (RPWD Act 2016) was
passed by Indian Parliament
on 27th December 2016.
According to the Rights of
Persons with Disabilities
Act, 2016, definition of

“Person with disability”

A person with long term

physical, mental,
intellectual or sensory
impairment which, in
interaction with barriers,
hinders his full and
effective participation in
society equally with others.
Concept of Disorder :

Disorder is usually used for

mental disabilities. Disorder is
any ailment that disturbs the
health of an individual.
Disorder creates hindrance in
an individual’s performance
and reduces his efficiency. In
the beginning disorder seems
to be ordinary but they usually
grow or spread in a harmful
manner in an individual.
It is a matter of confusion for
many as to what is the right
term – Disability/Disorder/
Children with Special
Needs/Divyangjan.

As per the Disability Act 2016,

“Person with Disability” or
Divyangjan are the acceptable
terms.

Disorders are used frequently in

medical terminology whereas
Children with Special Needs
(CWSN) is more frequent in
educational set up.
4.1 Organizations promoting
adaptive sports

1. Special Olympic :
Special Olympics is the world's largest sports
organization for children and adults
with intellectual disabilities and physical
disabilities, providing year-round training and
activities to 5 million participants and 172
countries.

Special Olympics competitions are held every

day, all around the world—including local,
national and regional competitions, adding up
to more than 100,000 events a year.
The Special Olympics
World Games is a major
event put on by the Special
Olympics committee.

The World Games alternate

between summer and
winter games, in two-year
cycles, recurring every
fourth year. The first games
were held on July 20, 1968,
in Chicago.
2. Para Olympics :

This is similar to Olympic game for

disabled sports person.
In 1960 first time it was organized
in Rome. The head quarter of
international para Olympic is
situated at Bonn, Germany.

The international para Olympic is

responsible for organizing summer
and winter Olympic games.
At present it comprises of 176
National Para Olympic Committees.
India at Para Olympics :

India made its Summer

Paralympic debut at the 1968 Games,
competed again in 1972, and then was
absent until the 1984 Games. The
country has participated in every edition
of the Summer games since then. It has
never participated in the Winter
Paralympic Games.
India's first medal in Paralympics came
in 1974 Games, with Murlikant
Petkar winning a gold medal
in swimming. India's best finish yet has
been in the 2020 Games, at 24th place
with a medal haul of 19 medals (5 gold, 8
silver and 6 bronze).
3. Deaflympics :
The ‘Deaflympics’ are games for deaf
athletes. Previously they were called the
International games for the Deaf. These
games are organized by “The Internatinoal
committee of sports for the Deaf” since
the first event and they are sanctioned by
International Olympic committee.
The deaf olympion can not be guided by
sounds for
example, the starter gun, bullhorn
commands or refree whistles.
The Deaflympics were held in Paris in
1924 and were also the first ever
international sporting events for athletes
with disability.
The Deaflympic winter games, was added in 1949.
The games began as a small gathering of 148 athletes.
Now these games are grown into a global movement.

To qualify for the games, athletes must have a hearing loss of

atleast 55db in their “better ear”.
Hearing aids, cochlear implant are not allowed to be used in
competition.
Deaflympics can not be
guided by sounds so
alternative methods are
used to address the
athletes.

For example the football

referees wave a flag
instead of blowing a
whistle, on the track races
are started by using a
light, instead of using a
starting pistol.
Concept and need of Integrated Physical
Education :

Integrated Physical Educators use physical

activities and games to teach others subjects.
This is a new concept in the field of Physical
Education.

Research and studies have shown that

integrating two or more subject at areas can
stimulate the interest of students and hence
promote the learning of each subjects.
Teachers are increasingly conducting
activities both inside and outside the
classroom to teach various concepts of
Science, Social science and Mathematics.
Integrated physical education is a
comprehensive concept. It is not only
limited to Physical activities, games and
sports but has become a complete
discipline.
Within the past two decades the knowledge
in this field has increased tremendously.
Due to research works, various sub-
disciplines such as sports sociology, sports
Biomechanics, Sports medicine, sports
pedagogy, Exercise Physiology, Sports
Psychology, Sports Philosophy
and sports management, etc.
Integrated physical education lays emphasis
on Multi disciplinary learning with the
integration of its subdisciplines.
Integrated physical education provides opportunities for
students to see new relationships, to transfer what they
have learnt from are setting to the next and to reinforce
learning in various ways.

This knowledge of integrated physical education would

be able to help in the fitness, health and wellness of all
individuals. High quality physical education
programmes can be prepared with the help of integrated
physical education.
Need of Inclusion :

Inclusion in physical education helps the students with

disabilities to increase their social skills and in making
friends.
A child feels that he/she also belongs to the entire group of
class so a feeling of belongingness is developed.
Inclusion helps a child to increase his/her motor skills and
experience success with peers.
Inclusion Implementation :
To make inclusion work, general
classroom teachers, support
specialist, parents and students
themselves must work together to
create the best educational
environment possible.

With knowledge of inclusive

practices and strategies, teachers
can manage, classrooms that
encourage learning and discovery
among all students, regardless of
physical abilities.
School principals must cooperate and share the
message that all staff members, not just special
education teachers, all of them are expected to be
involved in education children with disabilities.

Inclusion also requires specially trained staff.

Since classroom teachers need training and
ongoing support to effectively teach many types
of learners, they must meet regularly with
inclusion specialists.
School Counselor
Special education counsellors work with special need
children in elementary school, middle schools and high
schools to ensure they have the support services they need
in order to achieve their highest potential in the areas of
academics, personal and social and career development.
Occupational Therapist

The goods of occupational therapy for a child are to

improve participation and performance of a child and all the
child’s “occupation” like self care, play, school and other
daily activities.
The occupational therapist well assess the child and modify
the environment, or the way of doing a task to promote a
better participation and independence.
Physical Education Teacher

Physical education program plays a very progressive role in

improving cognitive functions and academic performance.
Social skills and collaborative team work can also be
enhanced through the different programs of physical
education.
The physical education teacher helps in executing these
programs.
Physiotherapist :

Physiotherapist the best known therapist who work with

children with special needs.
They use exercises to help their patients and keep the best
possible use of their bodies. They also try to improve
breathing to prevent the development of deformities
and to slowdown the deteroriation caused by some
progressive diseases.
Speech Therapist :
Speech therapist is know by many names like speech
language pathologist, speech pathologist and speech
teacher.
They work with children with a variety of delays and
disorders spanning from mild articulation delays to more
complex disorders such as autism, down syndromes,
hearing impairment, motor speech disorders and other
developmental delays. Speech teacher helps your child with
speech, talking and communication.
Special Education Teacher :

Special education teachers work in classrooms or resource

centers that only include students with disabilities.

Students with disability may attend classes with general

education students also known as inclusive classrooms.
special education teacher’s duties vary by the type of setting
they work in, student disabilities and teacher specialty.
4.2 Advantages of Physical Activities
for children with special needs.

1. To build a Programme to meet the

needs of CWSN
2. To build in CWSN the capacity to be functionally active for
lifetime

3. To provide a safe and accessible PE and sports Programme as per

the needs of the individual

4. To ensure active participation or transition towards the

integrated or regular PE Programme (Inclusion)

5. Helping to develop self-esteem in CWSN

6. To promote regularity and discipline

7. To promote sportsmanship
4.3 Strategies to make physical activities
accessible for children with special needs

a) Medical check-up :

If we want to make physical activities

accessible for the CWSN, we need to
understand the type of disabilities of children
and for this purpose complete medical
check-up of the children is required. Because
without complete medical check-up, the
teachers of physical education cannot come
to know about the type of disability child is
facing.
b) Activities based on interests :
Physical activities must be based on
interest, aptitudes, abilities,
previous experience and limitations
of children with special needs.

c) Different instructional strategies :

A variety of different instructional
strategies such as verbal, visual and
peer teaching should be used for
performing various types of physical
activities. By this children get
opportunity to learn by their own
and become independent.
d) Modification of rules :
Rules can be modified
according to the needs of the
children. They can be provided
extra time or attempt to
perform a physical activity.

e) Specific environment :
For special needs children the
area should be limited. In case
of children who have autism,
they must be provided specific
area because they may need
some time to relax.
3 Marks Question:

Q.1 Describe the principles of integrated and

comprehensive physical education.

Ans.
(i) It should be based on the inter related sub-topics of
physical education.
(ii) It should cater to the requirements of different
people.
(iii) It should be capable of facing the challenges of the
present and the future.
(iv) It should be capable of providing
comprehensive and deep knowledge about
physical education.

(v) It should motivate an individual to engage in

a lifelong healthy and active lifestyle.

(vi) It should be able to develop social and

emotional skill among people