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Cell - notes

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2 views8 pages

Cell - notes

Uploaded by

creeper.boy123478
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Cells, systems and movements

Learning objective
• To analyze the structure of cell.
Cell
• All living things are made up of cells.
• Cells are the smallest working units of all living things.
• All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division.
Definition of Cell

A cell is the smallest unit that can perform life functions.

Examples of Cells- Amoeba Proteus, Plant Stem, Bacteria, Red Blood Cell, Nerve
Cell

Two Types of Cells

• Prokaryotic

• Eukaryotic

Prokaryotic cell

Do not have structures


surrounded by membranes

Few internal structures

One-celled organisms,
Bacteria
Eukaryotic cell

Plant cell Animal cell

Compare eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell


Differentiate plant and animal cell.
• Using a venn diagram, show the differences and similarities between an animal
cell and a plant cell.
Cell Parts -Organelles

Cell Membrane

• Outer membrane of cell that controls


movement in and out of the cell

• Double layer

Cell Wall

• Most found in plant cells & bacteria

• Support & protects cells

Inside the Cell

Nucleus

• Directs cell activities

• Separated from cytoplasm by nuclear membrane

• Contains genetic material - DNA

Nuclear Membrane

• Surrounds nucleus

• Made of two layers

• Openings allow material to enter and leave


nucleus
Chromosomes

• In nucleus

• Made of DNA

• Contain instructions for traits & characteristics

Nucleolus

• Inside nucleus

• Contains RNA to build proteins

Cytoplasm

• Gel-like mixture

• Surrounded by cell membrane

• Contains hereditary material

Lysosomes

• Lysosomes are cell organelles almost exclusively found in eukaryotic animal


cells

• Lysosomes are membrane-bound spherical sacs filled with hydrolytic


enzymes

• These enzymes can break down many types of biomolecules such as


proteins and fats

• They are not found in plants, but vacuoles perform the role of lysosomes in
plant cells

• Lysosomes are known as Suicidal Bags as they tend to destroy the cell
membrane with its digestive enzymes, causing lysis of the cell (also called
autolysis)
Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Move materials around in cell

• Smooth type: lacks ribosomes

• Rough type (pictured): ribosomes


embedded in surface

Ribosomes

• Each cell contains thousands

• Make proteins

• Found on ribosomes & floating throughout the


cell

Mitochondria

• Produces energy through chemical reactions – breaking down fats &


carbohydrates

• Controls level of water and other materials in cell

• Recycles and decompose proteins, fats, and


carbohydrates

• Golgi Bodies

• Protein 'packaging plant'

• Move materials within the cell

• Move materials out of the cell

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