1.

Which part of the brain is responsible for coordinating balance and

motor skills?
Answer: b) Cerebellum
Explanation: The cerebellum, located at the base of the brain, is
essential for coordinating voluntary movements, balance, and fine
motor skills. It integrates sensory input to ensure smooth and
precise actions.

2. Light waves are transduced into neural messages by receptor cells

in which part of the eye?
Answer: b) Retina
Explanation: The retina contains photoreceptor cells (rods and cones)
that convert light into electrical signals. These signals are then
transmitted via the optic nerve to the brain for visual processing.

3. What is the primary function of the hippocampus?

Answer: c) Transferring information from short-term to long-term
memory
Explanation: The hippocampus, located in the temporal lobe, is
crucial for forming and organizing long-term memories. It helps
encode and consolidate information from short-term memory.

4. Which neurotransmitter is most associated with pleasure and

reward in the brain?
Answer: a) Dopamine
Explanation: Dopamine plays a key role in the brain's reward system,
influencing pleasure, motivation, and reinforcement learning. It is
released during activities that are pleasurable or rewarding.

5. The resting state of a neuron, when it is polarized, refers to which

of the following?
Answer: c) Polarized state
Explanation: During the resting state, a neuron maintains a negative
charge inside relative to the outside. This polarization prepares it for
an action potential when stimulated.

6. What is the role of the myelin sheath?

Answer: b) Protecting the neuron and speeding up signal
transmission
Explanation: The myelin sheath is a fatty layer that insulates axons,
allowing electrical impulses to travel faster along the neuron. It
ensures efficient communication between neurons.

7. The somatosensory cortex is primarily responsible for:

Answer: c) Receiving and processing sensory input from the body
Explanation: The somatosensory cortex, located in the parietal lobe,
processes tactile information, such as touch, pain, and temperature,
enabling perception of body sensations.

8. Which theory explains pitch perception by noting which part of the

basilar membrane is stimulated?
Answer: c) Place theory
Explanation: Place theory suggests that different frequencies
stimulate specific areas along the basilar membrane in the cochlea,
allowing the brain to distinguish pitch.

9. The smallest magnitude of a stimulus that can be detected half of

the time is called:
Answer: b) Absolute threshold
Explanation: The absolute threshold is the minimum intensity of a
stimulus required for detection. For example, detecting a faint sound
or dim light half the time.

10. What is the primary function of the amygdala in the brain?

Answer: b) Regulating emotions such as fear and aggression
Explanation: The amygdala, part of the limbic system, processes
emotions, especially fear and aggression, and triggers responses
such as fight-or-flight.

11. Damage to the Broca’s area is most likely to result in:

Answer: b) Difficulty in speech production
Explanation: Broca's area, located in the frontal lobe, is responsible
for speech production. Damage leads to Broca's aphasia,
characterized by slow, labored speech with intact comprehension.

12. What is the purpose of the suprachiasmatic nucleus?

Answer: b) Controlling circadian rhythms
Explanation: The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), located in the
hypothalamus, regulates the body's biological clock, controlling
sleep-wake cycles and circadian rhythms.

13. Sensory receptors in the muscles and joints that provide

information about body position are called:
Answer: c) Kinesthetic receptors
Explanation: Kinesthetic receptors detect changes in muscle length
and joint angle, allowing awareness of body position and movement.

14. Sensory adaptation refers to:

Answer: b) Reduction in sensitivity to a constant stimulus
Explanation: Sensory adaptation occurs when sensory receptors
reduce their response to an unchanging stimulus, such as no longer
noticing a strong perfume after a while.

15. The brain structure that acts as a relay station for sensory
information is the:
Answer: b) Thalamus
Explanation: The thalamus processes and relays sensory information
(except smell) to the appropriate areas of the cerebral cortex for
further interpretation.

16. Scenario: A patient has difficulty speaking fluently but can

understand language perfectly.
Answer: b) Broca's area
Explanation: Broca's area in the frontal lobe controls language
production. Damage results in impaired speech (Broca's aphasia),
while comprehension remains unaffected.

17. Scenario: A person injured in a car accident reports they can no

longer feel pain in their right arm.
Answer: d) Somatosensory cortex
Explanation: The somatosensory cortex processes sensory input from
the body. Damage may result in loss of tactile sensation or pain
perception.

18. Scenario: After damage to their occipital lobe, an individual can

no longer process visual information.
Answer: b) Vision
Explanation: The occipital lobe is the primary visual processing
center. Damage can impair sight or the ability to interpret visual
stimuli.

19. Scenario: A child perceives a smaller chair from afar but knows
its actual size hasn’t changed.
Answer: c) Perceptual constancy
Explanation: Perceptual constancy allows recognition of an object's
consistent size, shape, and color despite changes in distance or
perspective.

20. Scenario: A person has trouble keeping their balance and

coordinating movements after a head injury.
Answer: a) Cerebellum
Explanation: The cerebellum is responsible for motor coordination,
balance, and fine movements. Damage affects these functions.

21. Scenario: A man recovering from a stroke is unable to recognize

faces, even those of close family members.
Answer: a) Fusiform face area (FFA)
Explanation: The fusiform face area (part of the temporal lobe)
specializes in facial recognition. Damage to this area causes
prosopagnosia, or face blindness, where individuals lose the ability
to identify familiar faces.

22. Scenario: A researcher is testing a participant's ability to

differentiate between two slightly different shades of blue.
Answer: b) Difference threshold (Just Noticeable Difference)
Explanation: The difference threshold, or Just Noticeable Difference
(JND), is the smallest difference in stimuli that can be detected 50%
of the time. This measures sensitivity to subtle changes in stimulus
intensity.

23. Scenario: After a loud noise wakes him up, a person feels their
heart racing and breathing quickening.
Answer: b) Sympathetic nervous system
Explanation: The sympathetic nervous system activates the fight-or-
flight response, increasing heart rate, breathing, and energy
availability in response to a perceived threat or sudden stimulus.

24. Scenario: An individual with damage to the right hemisphere of

their brain experiences difficulty with spatial awareness.
Answer: b) Recognizing faces
Explanation: The right hemisphere is dominant for spatial and visual
tasks, including facial recognition. Damage can impair spatial
awareness and the ability to process faces and other complex visual
stimuli.

25. Scenario: While hiking, a person spots a snake and immediately

freezes, heart pounding.
Answer: b) Amygdala
Explanation: The amygdala processes emotions, particularly fear, and
triggers immediate physiological responses such as freezing or
increased heart rate when detecting a threat.

26. Scenario: A child perceives a group of dots in the shape of a

triangle as a single object rather than individual dots.
Answer: c) Closure
Explanation: The Gestalt principle of closure explains the tendency to
perceive incomplete shapes as complete by mentally filling in
missing information.

27. Scenario: An experiment involves participants identifying which

ear hears a tone in a noisy environment.
Answer: b) Signal detection theory
Explanation: Signal detection theory examines the ability to detect a
specific stimulus (e.g., a tone) amidst background noise, accounting
for individual decision-making and sensitivity.

28. Scenario: A person notices the temperature change when

stepping into an air-conditioned room but stops noticing it after a
few minutes.
Answer: a) Sensory adaptation
Explanation: Sensory adaptation occurs when sensory receptors
decrease their responsiveness to a constant stimulus over time,
reducing sensitivity to unchanging environmental factors.

29. Scenario: A person cannot detect the faint sound of a ticking

clock in the room but notices it when the room becomes quieter.
Answer: b) Absolute threshold
Explanation: The absolute threshold is the minimum intensity of a
stimulus required to detect it 50% of the time. A quieter environment
lowers distractions, making the faint sound detectable.

30. Scenario: A young woman experiences motion sickness while

riding a car. Which system is likely causing her discomfort?
Answer: a) Vestibular system
Explanation: The vestibular system (in the inner ear) controls
balance and spatial orientation. Conflicting signals between visual
input and the vestibular system can cause motion sickness.

31. Scenario: A student remembers a song by hearing the first few

notes, which trigger the memory of the entire tune.
Answer: d) Top-down processing
Explanation: Top-down processing involves using prior knowledge or
experiences to interpret sensory input. Hearing the initial notes
triggers the memory of the song based on familiarity.

32. Scenario: A person is able to recognize their friend’s voice over a

noisy crowd.
Answer: b) Selective attention
Explanation: Selective attention is the ability to focus on one specific
stimulus (e.g., a voice) while ignoring competing background stimuli.
33. Scenario: After suffering damage to Wernicke's area, an
individual speaks fluently but struggles to understand others.
Answer: a) Wernicke's area
Explanation: Wernicke's area, located in the temporal lobe, is
responsible for language comprehension. Damage results in
Wernicke's aphasia, where individuals can produce speech but with
little meaningful content and poor understanding of language.

34. Scenario: An artist paints a realistic image by carefully using

depth cues such as linear perspective and shading.
Answer: a) Depth perception
Explanation: Depth perception relies on monocular and binocular
cues (e.g., linear perspective, shading) to interpret the spatial
relationship between objects and their distance.

35. Scenario: A toddler can easily identify a round ball as the same
object, whether it's seen in bright sunlight or in the shadows.
Answer: d) Perceptual constancy
Explanation: Perceptual constancy ensures that objects are
recognized as having consistent properties (e.g., shape, size, or
color) even under varying lighting or angles.

36. Scenario: While playing basketball, an athlete relies on sensory

feedback from their muscles to adjust their movements.
Answer: c) Kinesthetic receptors
Explanation: Kinesthetic receptors in muscles and joints provide
feedback about body position and movement, enabling precise
adjustments during physical activities.

37. Scenario: A person feels drowsy and starts yawning when the
lights are dimmed. This response is most likely controlled by which
brain structure?
Answer: b) Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)
Explanation: The suprachiasmatic nucleus, located in the
hypothalamus, regulates circadian rhythms and responds to light and
darkness to control sleep-wake cycles. Dim lighting signals the SCN
to promote sleepiness.

38. Scenario: A chef quickly recognizes the sound of sizzling food as

part of cooking, even in a noisy kitchen.
Answer: d) Top-down processing
Explanation: Top-down processing allows the chef to use prior
knowledge and context to interpret sensory input (the sizzling
sound) amidst other competing stimuli.

39. Scenario: A person misinterprets a harmless shadow in a dark

room as a potential intruder.
Answer: c) Perception
Explanation: Perception involves organizing and interpreting sensory
information. In this case, ambiguous sensory input (shadow) is
misinterpreted due to heightened emotional states or environmental
cues.

40. Scenario: A child learns to recognize the shape of letters despite

variations in size or font style.
Answer: d) Perceptual constancy
Explanation: Perceptual constancy allows recognition of an object's
essential properties (e.g., shape) despite variations in appearance,
such as changes in size, orientation, or design.

41. Scenario: An individual exposed to a constant loud sound in a

factory stops noticing it after a few hours.
Answer: a) Sensory adaptation
Explanation: Sensory adaptation occurs when sensory receptors
reduce their responsiveness to prolonged and unchanging stimuli,
such as a persistent noise.

42. Scenario: A gymnast adjusts their movements mid-performance

to maintain balance while spinning.
Answer: a) Vestibular system
Explanation: The vestibular system, located in the inner ear, helps
the body maintain balance and spatial orientation during movement,
such as spinning or flipping.

43. Scenario: A person perceives a melody as the same tune, even

when played in different keys on different instruments.
Answer: c) Perceptual constancy
Explanation: Perceptual constancy ensures that the melody is
recognized as consistent, despite variations in pitch, instrument, or
key.

44. Scenario: After an accident, an individual struggles with

coordinated limb movements and muscle control.
Answer: b) Cerebellum
Explanation: The cerebellum is critical for motor coordination,
balance, and fine muscle control. Damage to this area impairs these
functions.
45. Scenario: A person smells a freshly baked pie and associates it
with childhood memories.
Answer: a) Limbic system
Explanation: The limbic system, including the hippocampus and
amygdala, processes emotions and memory. The connection between
smell and memory is strong due to the proximity of olfactory
pathways to the limbic system.

46. Scenario: A patient can describe an object they see but cannot
identify its name.
Answer: b) Temporal lobe
Explanation: The temporal lobe is involved in processing auditory
and visual information, including the recognition and naming of
objects. Damage here can lead to naming difficulties, also known as
anomic aphasia.

47. Scenario: A sprinter hears the starting gun and immediately

begins running. Which pathway is responsible for this reaction?
Answer: b) Motor neurons
Explanation: Motor neurons transmit signals from the brain and
spinal cord to muscles, initiating voluntary movements like running
after hearing a stimulus.

48. Scenario: A person is unable to understand jokes or sarcasm after

brain damage.
Answer: d) Right hemisphere
Explanation: The right hemisphere is associated with interpreting
emotional tone, humor, and non-literal language like sarcasm.
Damage here can impair these abilities.

49. Scenario: While standing still, a person feels a sense of

imbalance due to an ear infection.
Answer: a) Vestibular system
Explanation: The vestibular system, located in the inner ear,
regulates balance and spatial orientation. Infections or damage can
disrupt this system, causing dizziness or imbalance.

50. Scenario: A participant in a study reports hearing a faint sound

just as the volume increases.
Answer: b) Absolute threshold
Explanation: The absolute threshold is the smallest intensity of a
stimulus (e.g., sound) that can be detected 50% of the time, as in
this case when the participant hears the faint noise.
51. Scenario: A person learning to play the piano gradually
distinguishes subtle differences in key pressure.
Answer: b) Difference threshold (Just Noticeable Difference)
Explanation: The difference threshold measures the ability to detect
small differences in stimuli, such as variations in key pressure or
sound intensity.

52. Scenario: A researcher flashes a visual stimulus on a screen too

briefly for conscious recognition but finds it still influences the
participant’s decisions.
Answer: c) Subliminal perception
Explanation: Subliminal perception occurs when stimuli are
presented below the conscious awareness threshold but still affect
behavior or decision-making.

53. Scenario: A person reports being unable to identify objects by

touch alone after suffering brain damage.
Answer: c) Parietal lobe
Explanation: The parietal lobe processes sensory information,
including touch. Damage here can result in tactile agnosia, where
individuals cannot recognize objects through touch.

54. Scenario: A person with a traumatic brain injury experiences

difficulty regulating emotions, particularly anger and fear.
Answer: b) Amygdala
Explanation: The amygdala, part of the limbic system, plays a critical
role in processing emotions like fear and anger. Damage can impair
emotional regulation.

55. Scenario: An individual frequently trips and falls after damage to

the brain. Which system is most likely affected?
Answer: a) Cerebellum
Explanation: The cerebellum controls balance and coordination.
Damage to this area can lead to unsteady movements and frequent
falls.

56. Scenario: A child is asked to match objects based on size, but

they have trouble doing so consistently.
Answer: d) Occipital lobe
Explanation: The occipital lobe processes visual information,
including size and shape recognition. Damage or developmental
delays can impair these abilities.
57. Scenario: After a stroke, a man can describe the location of an
object but struggles to grasp or interact with it.
Answer: d) Motor cortex
Explanation: The motor cortex in the frontal lobe controls voluntary
movements. Damage here can result in difficulty executing
movements despite intact sensory perception.

58. Scenario: A person no longer reacts to the smell of food after

long exposure in a kitchen.
Answer: a) Sensory adaptation
Explanation: Sensory adaptation reduces sensitivity to constant
stimuli, such as odors in a familiar environment, to prevent sensory
overload.

59. Scenario: A participant identifies words they saw earlier faster

than new words, even though they do not consciously remember
seeing them.
Answer: b) Implicit memory
Explanation: Implicit memory involves unconscious recall of
information, such as faster recognition of previously encountered
stimuli without conscious awareness.

60. Scenario: A patient hears a loud sound and instinctively turns

their head toward it. Which brain structure is responsible for this
reflex?
Answer: c) Midbrain
Explanation: The midbrain, particularly the superior colliculus, is
involved in reflexive responses to auditory and visual stimuli, such as
turning toward a sound.

61. Scenario: An individual can hear but cannot interpret language

meaning after brain damage.
Answer: a) Wernicke's area
Explanation: Wernicke's area, in the temporal lobe, processes
language comprehension. Damage results in fluent but nonsensical
speech and poor understanding of language.

62. Scenario: A person feels nauseous when spinning on a carnival

ride but recovers quickly once the ride stops.
Answer: a) Vestibular system
Explanation: The vestibular system in the inner ear detects changes
in motion and balance. Overstimulation can cause nausea, but the
system quickly readjusts once motion stops.
63. Scenario: A toddler fails to perceive an object hidden under a
blanket until it is revealed again.
Answer: c) Object permanence
Explanation: Object permanence is the understanding that objects
continue to exist even when they cannot be seen. This cognitive skill
develops during the sensorimotor stage of Piaget's theory.

64. Scenario: A driver brakes suddenly upon seeing a red light, a

response heavily dependent on learned associations.
Answer: b) Classical conditioning
Explanation: Classical conditioning explains this response, as the
driver associates the red light (stimulus) with the need to stop
(response) based on past learning.

65. Scenario: A pianist practices a piece repeatedly until they can

play it without consciously thinking about each note.
Answer: d) Procedural memory
Explanation: Procedural memory involves unconscious recall of skills
and tasks, such as playing a musical instrument, which improves with
repetition.

66. Scenario: A person detects a faint scent of flowers in a room only

after the window is opened.
Answer: b) Absolute threshold
Explanation: The absolute threshold is the minimum stimulus
intensity needed for detection. The faint scent becomes noticeable
once it exceeds the person's threshold.

67. Scenario: A person perceives a two-dimensional drawing of a

road as having depth because the lines converge.
Answer: a) Linear perspective
Explanation: Linear perspective is a monocular depth cue where
parallel lines appear to converge in the distance, creating the illusion
of depth.

68. Scenario: A researcher flashes a stimulus on a screen for a split

second, and the participant reports seeing "something" but cannot
identify it.
Answer: c) Subliminal perception
Explanation: Subliminal perception occurs when a stimulus is
presented below conscious recognition but still influences the
participant’s awareness or decisions.

69. Scenario: A sprinter’s heart rate increases before a race starts

due to their body preparing for action.
Answer: b) Sympathetic nervous system
Explanation: The sympathetic nervous system activates the body’s
fight-or-flight response, increasing heart rate and energy in
preparation for activity.

70. Scenario: A person injured in a bike accident experiences

impaired vision. Which part of the brain is likely affected?
Answer: d) Occipital lobe
Explanation: The occipital lobe is responsible for processing visual
information. Damage here can lead to visual impairment or
blindness.

Self- test
1. Which part of the brain is responsible for coordinating balance and
motor skills?
a) Thalamus
b) Cerebellum
c) Medulla
d) Amygdala
Answer: b) Cerebellum
2. Light waves are transduced into neural messages by receptor cells
in which part of the eye?
a) Iris
b) Retina
c) Pupil
d) Optic nerve
Answer: b) Retina

3. What is the primary function of the hippocampus?

a) Regulating emotions
b) Relaying sensory information
c) Transferring information from short-term to long-term memory
d) Coordinating voluntary muscle movements
Answer: c) Transferring information from short-term to long-term memory

4. Which neurotransmitter is most associated with pleasure and

reward in the brain?
a) Dopamine
b) Serotonin
c) GABA
d) Acetylcholine
Answer: a) Dopamine

5. The resting state of a neuron, when it is polarized, refers to which

of the following?
a) Action potential
b) Depolarization
c) Polarized state
d) Synaptic transmission
Answer: c) Polarized state

6. What is the role of the myelin sheath?

a) Storing neurotransmitters
b) Protecting the neuron and speeding up signal transmission
c) Generating action potentials
d) Detecting sensory input
Answer: b) Protecting the neuron and speeding up signal transmission

7. The somatosensory cortex is primarily responsible for: a) Processing

auditory information
b) Regulating hormonal activity
c) Receiving and processing sensory input from the body
d) Controlling voluntary motor movements
Answer: c) Receiving and processing sensory input from the body

8. Which theory explains pitch perception by noting which part of the

basilar membrane is stimulated?
a) Frequency theory
b) Opponent-process theory
c) Place theory
d) Volley principle
Answer: c) Place theory

9. The smallest magnitude of a stimulus that can be detected half of

the time is called:
a) Difference threshold
b) Absolute threshold
c) Sensory adaptation
d) Weber’s law
Answer: b) Absolute threshold

10. What is the primary function of the amygdala in the brain?

a) Speech production
b) Regulating emotions such as fear and aggression
c) Maintaining balance and posture
d) Relaying sensory information to the cortex
Answer: b) Regulating emotions such as fear and aggression

11. Damage to the Broca’s area is most likely to result in:

a) Loss of balance
b) Difficulty in speech production
c) Memory loss
d) Visual impairment
Answer: b) Difficulty in speech production

12. What is the purpose of the suprachiasmatic nucleus?

a) Regulating heartbeat
b) Controlling circadian rhythms
c) Processing sensory information
d) Governing voluntary movements
Answer: b) Controlling circadian rhythms

13. Sensory receptors in the muscles and joints that provide

information about body position are called:
a) Vestibular receptors
b) Auditory receptors
c) Kinesthetic receptors
d) Photoreceptors
Answer: c) Kinesthetic receptors

14. Sensory adaptation refers to:

a) Increased sensitivity to stimuli over time
b) Reduction in sensitivity to a constant stimulus
c) The ability to differentiate between similar stimuli
d) The transduction of sensory signals into neural messages
Answer: b) Reduction in sensitivity to a constant stimulus

15. The brain structure that acts as a relay station for sensory
information is the:
a) Hypothalamus
b) Thalamus
c) Amygdala
d) Cerebellum
Answer: b) Thalamus

16. Which theory of color vision proposes that there are three types
of cones in the retina sensitive to red, green, and blue light?
a) Opponent-Process Theory
b) Trichromatic Theory
c) Duplicity Theory
d) Place Theory
Answer: b) Trichromatic Theory

17. The structure responsible for maintaining homeostasis, including

temperature regulation and hunger, is the:
a) Hippocampus
b) Hypothalamus
c) Pons
d) Medulla
Answer: b) Hypothalamus

18. Which of the following is the smallest level of stimulus intensity

detectable half the time?
a) Relative threshold
b) Absolute threshold
c) Just noticeable difference
d) Perceptual constancy
Answer: b) Absolute threshold

19. What is the process by which sensory stimuli are converted into
neural signals?
a) Transduction
b) Transmission
c) Perception
d) Adaptation
Answer: a) Transduction

20. Which brain structure is involved in processing fear and

aggression?
a) Amygdala
b) Cerebellum
c) Thalamus
d) Basal ganglia
Answer: a) Amygdala

21. Which sensory receptors are responsible for detecting body

movement, posture, and orientation?
a) Vestibular receptors
b) Kinesthetic receptors
c) Auditory receptors
d) Tactile receptors
Answer: b) Kinesthetic receptors

22. The phenomenon where sensory stimuli become less noticeable

over time due to constant exposure is called:
a) Sensory adaptation
b) Habituation
c) Perceptual constancy
d) Attentional bias
Answer: a) Sensory adaptation

23. Which part of the brain is critical for speech production?

a) Broca’s area
b) Wernicke’s area
c) Occipital lobe
d) Parietal lobe
Answer: a) Broca’s area

24. The auditory system transforms sound waves into neural

impulses in which part of the inner ear?
a) Cochlea
b) Auditory nerve
c) Tympanic membrane
d) Oval window
Answer: a) Cochlea
25. According to the Place Theory, pitch perception depends on:
a) The frequency of sound waves
b) The location of vibration on the basilar membrane
c) The amplitude of sound waves
d) The speed of auditory nerve signals
Answer: b) The location of vibration on the basilar membrane

26. Scenario: A patient has difficulty speaking fluently but can understand
language perfectly. This condition is most likely caused by damage to which
area of the brain?
a) Wernicke's area
b) Broca's area
c) Occipital lobe
d) Parietal lobe
Answer: b) Broca's area

27. Scenario: A person injured in a car accident reports that they can no
longer feel pain in their right arm. This symptom might indicate damage to
which brain structure?
a) Thalamus
b) Hippocampus
c) Medulla
d) Somatosensory cortex
Answer: d) Somatosensory cortex

28. Scenario: After damage to their occipital lobe, an individual can no

longer process visual information. Which type of perception is most likely
affected?
a) Hearing
b) Vision
c) Touch
d) Smell
Answer: b) Vision

29. Scenario: A child playing hide-and-seek suddenly realizes that a chair

looks much smaller from across the room but knows it hasn’t actually changed
size. This is an example of:
a) Depth perception
b) Sensory adaptation
c) Perceptual constancy
d) Size threshold
Answer: c) Perceptual constancy
30. Scenario: A person has trouble keeping their balance and coordinating
movements after a head injury. Which part of the brain is most likely
damaged?
a) Cerebellum
b) Hypothalamus
c) Amygdala
d) Frontal lobe
Answer: a) Cerebellum

31. Scenario: A man recovering from a stroke is unable to recognize faces,

even those of close family members. This condition, known as prosopagnosia,
is caused by damage to which part of the brain?
a) Fusiform face area (FFA)
b) Temporal lobe
c) Parietal lobe
d) Broca's area
Answer: a) Fusiform face area (FFA)

32. Scenario: A researcher is testing a participant's ability to differentiate

between two slightly different shades of blue. This test is measuring:
a) Absolute threshold
b) Difference threshold (Just Noticeable Difference)
c) Sensory adaptation
d) Color constancy
Answer: b) Difference threshold (Just Noticeable Difference)

33. Scenario: After a loud noise wakes him up, a person feels their heart
racing and breathing quickening. These changes are controlled by which
nervous system?
a) Parasympathetic nervous system
b) Sympathetic nervous system
c) Central nervous system
d) Somatic nervous system
Answer: b) Sympathetic nervous system

34. Scenario: An individual with damage to the right hemisphere of their

brain experiences difficulty with spatial awareness. Which of the following
tasks is likely to be challenging for them?
a) Reading aloud
b) Recognizing faces
c) Solving a math problem
d) Writing a letter
Answer: b) Recognizing faces
35. Scenario: While hiking, a person spots a snake and immediately freezes,
heart pounding. Which brain structure is responsible for processing this fear
response?
a) Hippocampus
b) Amygdala
c) Thalamus
d) Medulla
Answer: b) Amygdala

36. Scenario: A child perceives a group of dots in the shape of a triangle as a

single object rather than individual dots. This is best explained by which
Gestalt principle?
a) Proximity
b) Similarity
c) Closure
d) Continuity
Answer: c) Closure

37. Scenario: An experiment involves participants identifying which ear

hears a tone in a noisy environment. This study is most likely measuring:
a) Sensory adaptation
b) Signal detection theory
c) Absolute threshold
d) Top-down processing
Answer: b) Signal detection theory

38. Scenario: A person notices the temperature change when stepping into
an air-conditioned room but stops noticing it after a few minutes. This is an
example of:
a) Sensory adaptation
b) Absolute threshold
c) Perceptual constancy
d) Selective attention
Answer: a) Sensory adaptation