UNIT-IV

WORDPRESS
WORD PRESS: Word press is an open source Content Management System (CMS), which allows the users
to build dynamic websites and blog. WordPress is the most popular blogging system on the web and allows
updating, customizing and managing the website from its back-end CMS and components. It is developed in
2003 by American blogger Matt Mullenweg and British blogger Mike Little.
FEATURES OF WORDPRESS: There are many reasons to use WordPress in today's scenario as it
provides a great help to its users in all respect.
1. Creating a website without logical skill: The most interesting and best part about Word Press is that
anyone can create his/her own website on this without any coding or designing skills. Out of million users on
Word Press, most of them are neither designers nor programmers. To create a website on Word Press you
only need an Internet connection and a web browser.
2. Provide a range of Themes: It gives thousand types of template options to give any type of feel and look
to a website. They are very easy to customize as they come with their own option panel which allows users
to select colors, background, sliders, fonts, logos and many more.
3. Plugins to add functionality: It provides both free and premium types of plugins. These plugins add
extra functionality or may give a whole new platform to a website. It allows a user to add photo galleries,
shopping carts and much more.
4. Free and Open-source platform: WordPress is a free and open-source software. It is free to install and
use. As a new user you can easily create a website of your own that too absolutely free. It never has any type
of hidden charges once a user started using it. Being an open-source, you can alter the source-code according
to your need. Anyone can become a contributor to WordPress by answering questions, creating themes or
writing plug-in.
5. Adding a blog is very easy: WordPress came into existence with blogging and still mostly consider it as
a blogging site. It provides all type of blog solutions from designing, styling to the anti spam solutions. It
will meet your demands in all possible ways.
6. More secure: It only takes 5 minutes to install, and is really fast in updating for security and new
functionality. Upgrading to a new version is automatic and very fast as it provides a one link click
upgradation. It constantly updates its site and software to prevent from hacking.
7. Google and WordPress: In a press conference in 2009, Matt Cutts, the head of Google's web spam team
said that "Google loves WordPress". Even WordPress simple plugins and themes are also really attractive to
Google. WordPress is a better option when doing SEO due to its framework which is easy to crawl.
8. Inserting Multimedia: A user whether writing a blog or creating a website, need to insert videos, pictures
to make its content more powerful. WordPress makes it very easy to upload a multimedia file or to make
some editing in files like images.
9. Mobile-Friendly: A website needs to be responsive for small screens like tablets, smartphones to reach
all its users. WordPress is mobile-friendly as its themes are made responsive.
 10. Easy to use: WordPress dashboard always look the same. You don't need to hire an expert to learn how
to use WordPress.
XAMPP : XAMPP stands for X-operating system, Apache, Mysql, Php, and Perl. It is an open resource platform that is
readily available absolutely free downloading. It includes attributes like supporting Perl, mercury mail, and also Filezilla,
and so on. It is multiplatform and is supported through many operating systems such as Windows, MacOS, and Linux. It is
supported by means of many report codecs that add to its robustness. It is easy to install and configure. In this the Control
Panel makes it easy to manage and implement.

WAMP: WAMP stands for Windows, Apache, Mysql, Php. It is easy to download and to setup configuration
in. Its server has a graphical user interface to switch on or off individual component software while it is
running. Its server provide an option to swap among many versions of Apache, many versions of PHP and
many versions of MySQL all installed which
provide more flexibility towards developing while XAMPP Server doesn’t have such an option.
Download WordPress: When you open the link https://wordpress.org/download/, you will get to see a screen
as the following snapshot –
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN XAMP AND WAMP

XAMPP WAMP

It is a cross-platform software package Its local server is only supported by

supported by platforms like Mac OS, Windows Operating system.
Linux, and Windows.

It is easy to download and install but may It is easy to download and install and also
differ for different platforms. light- weighted.

It uses MariaDB, which is an RDBMS for It uses MySQL, which is an RDBMS for
storing and retrieving operations on data. storing and retrieving operations on data.

The programming or scripting languages The programming or scripting languages

used for development in XAMPP are Perl used for development in WAMP is PHP.
and PHP.

It uses the Apache Web server. It uses the Apache Web server.

It is more powerful and resource taking as It is less powerful and resource taking
compared to WAMP. than XAMPP.

It has SSL feature. It does not have SSL feature.

It is available in 64-bit system only. It is available in both 64 bit and 32-bit

system.

INSTALLING AND CONFIGURING WORDPRESS

System Requirements for WordPress
 Database − MySQL 5.0 +
 Web Server −
o WAMP (Windows)
o LAMP (Linux)
o XAMP (Multi-platform)
o MAMP (Macintosh)
 Operating System − Cross-platform
 Browser Support − IE (Internet Explorer 8+), Firefox, Google chrome, Safari, Opera
 PHP Compatibility − PHP 5.2+
Download WordPress
When you open the link https://wordpress.org/download/, you will get to see a screen as the following
snapshot –
Create Store Database
 WordPress requires MySQL database. So create a new empty database with user/password (for
example, user as "root" and password as "root" or else you can set as per your convenience).
 Then, you can continue with the installation process as discussed further.
Set Up Wizard
It's very easy to set up WordPress into your system. The following steps describe how to set up WordPress
locally on your system.
Step (1) − Extract the downloaded WordPress folder and upload it into your web server or localhost.

Step (2) − Open your browser and navigate to your WordPress file path, then you will get the first screen of
the WordPress installer as shown in the following screen. In our case, the path is localhost/<
Your_wordpress_folder >.

Select your language for the WordPress and click on Continue.

Step (3) − In this step, you can view the information needed for the database before proceeding with
WordPress installation.
Click on Let's go!
Step (4) − Here, you have to enter the information about the MySQL database as described in the following
screen.

 Database Name − Enter the database name which you have created in MySQL database for
WordPress.
 Username − Enter the user name of your MySQL database.
 Password − Enter the password which you had set for MySQL database.
 Database Host − Write the host name, by default it will be localhost.
 Table Prefix − It is used to add prefix in the database tables which helps to run multiple sites on the
same database. It takes the default value.
After filling all information, click on Submit button.
Step (5) − WordPress checks the database setting and gives you the confirmation screen as shown in the
following snapshot.
Click on Run the install
Step (6) − Enter administrative information.

It contains the following fields −

 Site Title − Enter the name of the site which you are going to create in WordPress.
 Username − Enter the username as per your choice while logging in the WordPress.
 Password twice − Enter password two times to protect your site.
 Your E-mail − Enter your e-mail address which helps to recover the password or any update.
 Privacy − It allows the search engine to index this site after checking the checkbox.
After filling all the information, click on the Install WordPress button.
Step (7) − After installation being successful, you will get a screen of the stating success as seen in the
following screen.

You can view your username and password detail added in WordPress.
Click on Log In button.
Step (8) − After clicking on login, you will get a WordPress Admin Panel as depicted in the following screen.
Enter the username and password which you had mentioned during installation as shown in step 6 and click on
the Log In button.
POSTS AND PAGES: Posts allow you to write a blog and post it on your site. They are listed in reverse
chronological order in front page of your blog. Posts are the site content which are published on a site with an
exact date and time. They can be categorized in a systematic way on the basis of category and tags. If you are a
blogger, then you'll write posts to update your new blog. They are listed in a reverse chronological order on a
site.
Working with posts:
ADDING NEW POST:
Go to Posts > Add New.

Look at the above snapshot, editor page will appear in front of you. There are two fields,
Title - Enter the title of your post
Content - Here you have to write content of your post.
Preview - This button allows you to have a look on your post before publishing it.
EDITING POSTS: Following are The simple steps to Edit posts in Word press.
(i) Click on postsAll posts in Word Press.
(ii) When the cursor hovers on the post, then a few options get displayed below the post name. There are
two ways to edit the post i.e., Edit and Quick Edit. Choose any one edit or change the content or title of the
post as per your needs, and then click on update button.
DELETING A POST: Following are the steps to delete Posts in Word press.
1. Click on postsAll posts in Word Press.
2. When the cursor hovers on the Post, then a few options get displayed below Post name Click on
Trash option to delete the Post.
3. You can check your Post lists to confirm if the Post is deleted or not.

PREVIEW POST: Preview option helps to see you your post before publishing it to the public. It is better to
have a look on your post that how it looks before publishing it to the world.
Following are the steps to preview posts in word press
1. Click on postsAll posts in Word Press.
2. When the cursor hovers on the Post, then a few options get displayed below Post name. Click on the
View or else you can view your post directly while editing or adding post by clicking on the Preview
button.
3. You can view your post, when you click on View or Preview.
 PAGES: Pages are different from Posts. They are static and they do not change often. Some examples of
pages are About, Contact, etc. you can add pages containing information about you and your site.
WORKING WITH PAGES:
ADDING A NEW PAGE:
Go to Pages > Add New

Look at the above snapshot, this is the editorial page where you can give a title and content to your page.
Here you can upload media, write content, add a title to your page. Click on Publish button once you have
completed the page.
EDIT PAGE:
There are two options to edit. One is Edit and other one is Quick Edit. Edit and Quick Edit. Choose any one
edit or change the content or title of the Page as per your needs, and then click on update button.
DELETING A PAGE: To delete a page, go to Pages > All Pages
Click on the trash option to delete a page.

MENUS IN WORDPRESS:
The Menu is a list of options presented to the user. They are mostly used as a navigation building method on
WordPress websites. Usually, the common content management system's installation is followed by a default
menu that provides links to pages at the top level. These menus can be used at the top of the sites with links. It
is generally used as a horizontal menu with links like home, email, contact, or pages.
Defining a WordPress Menu
Firstly, we need to define a WordPress menu before adding items to it or use it. We can use the following steps
to define a WordPress menu.
Step 1: First, log in to the WordPress Dashboard and click on the "Appearance" menu option, as shown in the
below screenshot.

Step 2: The "Appearance" menu option opens a sub-menu where we choose the "Menus" option to
bring up the Menu Editor.
Step 3: After selecting the "Menus" option, choose the "Create a new menu" option shown in the red
rectangular box at the top of the page.

Step 4: Now, enter the name to create a new menu in the "Menu Name" box.
Step 5: After that, click on the "Create Menu" button to create a menu.

Adding Menu Items

In this section, we can add several link type options to the menu like Pages, Posts, Custom Links, and
Categories. The following are the steps to add items in the menu.
Step 1: Firstly, Find the pane entitled Pages.
Step 2: Choose the "View All" link to see a list of all recently published pages on the WordPress site.
 Step 3: Now, we can add Pages by clicking the checkbox corresponding to each page title.
Step 4: To add our selection to the menu that we created in the previous step, click on the "Add to Menu"
button shown in the red rectangular box at the bottom of this page.
Step 5: After that, click on the "Save Menu" button.
Deleting a Menu Item: If we want to delete an item form the menu, we can use the following steps:
Step 1: First, find the menu items that we want to delete in the menu editor window.
Step 2: Next, click the arrow icon at the top right corner of the menu item.
Step 3: Click on the "Remove" option. The menu item or box will be removed immediately.

Step 4: Finally, click on the "Save Menu" button to save the changes.
WIDGETS IN WORDPRESS:
 In WordPress, widgets are blocks of content that you can add to your site’s sidebars, footers, and
other areas.
 Ever visit someone’s blog and see a photo, signup form, or menu in the sidebar.
 Each widget can add a feature or function to your site, without having to write any code.
 Common widgets to add to your site are menus, popular post lists, calendars, banner ads, social icons,
and more.
 Where can you add these widgets on your site? It all depends on your WordPress theme. Many
themes have sidebar and footer widget areas. Some also allow you to place widgets in the header,
homepage, or other areas of your site.
 WordPress widgets were created to provide a simple and easy way for WordPress users to control the
design and content of their site without having to code.
 Most WordPress themes support widgets. Depending on your WordPress theme, widget areas may be
in the header, footer, sidebar, right below your blog post content, and almost any other area.
 WordPress by default comes with several widgets including categories, tag cloud, navigation menu,
calendar, search bar, recent posts, and more.
 Many WordPress plugins also add their own widgets which you can use to add plugin functionality to
different sections. For example, you can add an email newsletter form to your sidebar, or add a
 contact form to your footer with a plugin like WPForms.
 Widgets can be really helpful in helping your visitors to navigate your site and encouraging them to
take actions like signing up for your newsletter or following you on social media.
How to Add Widgets in WordPress
 When you first start a blog, setting up your widgets is an important step.
 Widgets are easy to use and can be added by dragging and dropping them into one of your theme’s
widget areas.
 You can find the list of available widgets on your own site by going to the Appearance » Widgets page
from the admin sidebar.
 Once you’re there, you’ll see all the available widgets on the left. Your theme’s widget areas will be
listed on the right side.

 Under each of your installed widgets, you see a brief description that helps to explain its purpose and
use.
 To add a widget to a widget area on your site, simply drag and drop the it from the list on the left to an
area on the right.

 You can also move widgets up and down to rearrange them.

 Each widget comes with its own settings which you can see after adding the widget.
 Don’t forget to click on the Save button to store your widget settings.
 SHORTS
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS FOR WORDPRESS:
System Requirements for WordPress
 Database − MySQL 5.0 +
 Web Server −
o WAMP (Windows)
o LAMP (Linux)
o XAMP (Multi-platform)
o MAMP (Macintosh)
 Operating System − Cross-platform
 Browser Support − IE (Internet Explorer 8+), Firefox, Google chrome, Safari, Opera
 PHP Compatibility − PHP 5.2+
ADDING THE MEDIA FILES:: Now, we are going to know how to add the Media Files in WordPress.
WordPress permits us to add various media files, such as images, videos, and audios. The following are the
steps to add Media Files in WordPress.
Step 1: Firstly, go to the WordPress dashboard and select the "Media" option, and then click on
the "Add New" option.
Step 2: After clicking on the "Add New" option, click on the "Select Files" option to select the files from
our local storage, as shown in the following screenshot.

Step 3: After clicking on the Select Files, add the media files by selecting them and then click on the open
button.
Step 4: Now, we will see the media files list that we added in the list.
ADMIN PANEL:
 The WordPress Dashboard is a first screen which will be seen when you log into the administration
area of your blog which will display the overview of the website.
 It is a collection of gadgets that provide information and provide an overview of what's happening
with your blog.
 You can customize your needs by using some quick links such as writing quick draft, replying to
latest comment, etc.
 Dashboard can be categorized as following.
Dashboard Menu:
The WordPress Dashboard provides navigation menu that contains some menu options such as posts, media
library, pages, comments, appearance options, plugins, users, tools and settings on the left side.
Screen Options:
The dashboard contains different types of widgets which can be shown or hidden on some screens. It contains
check boxes to show or hide screen options and also allows us to customize sections on the admin screen.
Welcome:
It includes the Customize Your Site button which allows customizing your WordPress theme. The center
column provides some of the useful links such as creating a blog post, creating a page and view the front end
of your website. Last column contains links to widgets, menus, settings related to comments and also a link to
the First Steps With WordPress page in the WordPress codex.
Quick Draft:

The Quick Draft is a mini post editor which allows writing, saving and publishing a post from admin
dashboard. It includes the title for the draft, some notes about the draft and save it as a Draft.
WordPress News:
The WordPress News widget displays the latest news such as latest software version, updates, alerts, news
regarding the software etc. from the official WordPress blog.
Activity:
The Activity widget includes latest comments on your blog, recent posts and recently published posts. It
allows you to approve, disapprove, reply, edit, or delete a comment. It also allows you to move a comment to
spam.
At a Glance:
This section gives an overview of your blog's posts, number of published posts and pages, and number of
comments.
EDIT MEDIA FILES:: Here, we are going to know how to Edit Media Files in WordPress. We can handle
information about the Media File, which is stored in the Media Library. The following are the steps to edit
the Media Files in WordPress.
Step 1: Firstly, go to the WordPress dashboard and select the "Media" option, and then click on the "Library"
option. After that, click on the media file name or the edit link.
Step 2: Here, we will see the Media Files list. Now, we can select an image that we want to edit.
Step 3: Finally, we can see the media page with some options shown on the site. The options are as follows:

URL: It helps us to read only a link from the media file.

Title: It shows the media name. If the themes and plugins are designed to be displayed, the title will often
show up in the galleries and attachment pages.
Permalink: It is the media attachment page URL. It is also a link to see the attachment page of the media
file.
Edit Image button: It helps to edit the position of the image like rotate anti-clockwise, rotate clockwise,
flip vertically, horizontally, crop, flip, and more.
Caption: It allows us to provide a detailed explanation of the media file.
Alternate Text: The alternate text for the image is used to describe media and is also used for the
availability of images.
Description: It allows us to explain the media file.