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lecture 41 (1)-1

Unit 5

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Priyanshu Patel
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13 views

lecture 41 (1)-1

Unit 5

Uploaded by

Priyanshu Patel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Curl of a vector field- Curl of a vector field at a point is a vector quantity whose magnitude

is equal to the maximum value of the line integral of that vector per unit area along the
boundary of a small elementary area around that point. The direction is obtained by the right
hand screw rule
→ → →
Curl A = ∇ x A

→
¿ ∂ +¿ ∂ + ¿ ∂
i
∇= ∂x j∂ y k∂ z
→ ¿ ¿ ¿
A =i A x + j A y + k A z
¿ ¿ ¿
i j k
∂ ∂ ∂
|
∂x ∂ y ∂z
→ → →
Curl A = ∇ x A = x
A A y Az

= i
¿
∂ y (
∂ Az ∂ A y
−
∂ z +
¿
j ∂ z
−) (
∂ Ax ∂ Az
∂ x +k
¿
∂ A y ∂ Ax
∂ x
−
∂y ) ( )
According to definition

lim ∮∂ a
A .dl ¿
→ n
Curl A = da →0

¿
n = unit vector normal to surface

∮ = line integral of closed surface

Stokes theorem –
→
According to this theorem, the line integral of a vector field A along the boundary of a closed
curl is equal to the surface integral of curl of that vector when the surface integration id done
over a surface S enclosed by the boundary i.e.

→ → → →
∮ A . dl=∬ curl . A . da
c s
→ → → → →
∮ A .dl=∬ ( ∇ × A ).da →
c s ∇
Proof.:
→
Consider a vector A which is the function of position. We are to find the line integral of
→ →
∮ A .dl
c along the boundary of a closed curve c. If we divide the area enclosed by the curl C in
→
two parts by a line pq, we gt the two curves c1 and c2. The line integral of vector A along the
→
boundary of curve C will be equal to the sum of line integral of A along c1pqc1 and c2pqc2.
Since the line integral alomg pq for the curve C1 is cancelled by the line integral along qp for
the curve C2 i.e.
→ → → → → →
∮ A . dl=∮ A . dl +∮ A . dl
c c1 c2
If we divide the area enclosed by the curve c in small elements of area da1, da2,...by the
curves c1, c2....(taken anticlockwise) will be equal.
→ → → →
∮ A . dl=∑∮ A . dl
c cn
Bt the definition of curl
→ →
→ → ∮ A .dl
Curl A .dan = cn
→ →
∮ A . dl=∑ curl →A .dan
→

Therefore,
→ → → →
∮ A . dl=∬ curl . A .da
c s

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